CN117817279A - Repairing and remanufacturing method for titanium alloy part - Google Patents
Repairing and remanufacturing method for titanium alloy part Download PDFInfo
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- CN117817279A CN117817279A CN202410004617.4A CN202410004617A CN117817279A CN 117817279 A CN117817279 A CN 117817279A CN 202410004617 A CN202410004617 A CN 202410004617A CN 117817279 A CN117817279 A CN 117817279A
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- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy part repair, and in particular relates to a repair and remanufacturing method of a titanium alloy part, which comprises the following steps of: s1, laser ablation pretreatment: under the protection of argon atmosphere, performing laser ablation on a defect area of the titanium alloy part to form a pit with a gradient; s2, laser filler wire repair: and under the protection of argon atmosphere, carrying out laser filler wire repair welding on the pits. Compared with the traditional wire filling repairing method, the laser ablation pretreatment method replaces the traditional pretreatment polishing, reaming, degreasing and other processes, and effectively solves the problems of rapid cutter abrasion, low processing efficiency, large part impact, easy damage to the part surface, limited defect area pretreatment, easy oxidation and the like in the traditional pretreatment process. Therefore, the invention can be used for repairing and remanufacturing the parts difficult to disassemble in situ, improves the operation flexibility and the maintenance efficiency, and reduces the maintenance cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy part repair, and particularly relates to a repair and remanufacturing method of a titanium alloy part.
Background
The titanium alloy has good room temperature, high temperature mechanical property and corrosion resistance, so the titanium alloy is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, medical treatment and health and the like; the titanium alloy has extremely excellent performance, and can be particularly applied to parts with high strength requirements or extremely complex and severe working conditions, such as titanium alloy square pipe parts in hydraulic pipelines of aircraft engines, casings for petroleum drilling, aircraft engine blades and the like. The parts are continuously in service and are in a complex and severe working environment for a long time, damage inevitably occurs, such as fatigue cracking, stress corrosion, abrasion corrosion and the like, so that the parts fail, and if the damaged titanium alloy parts are not replaced or repaired, the safety is greatly threatened. However, under normal conditions, the titanium alloy long tube, the engine blade and the like are large in size and extremely difficult to detach and replace; and because the damage of a small area leads to scrapping of the whole pipe, larger economic loss can be caused, and therefore, the titanium alloy part is usually subjected to local repair welding in order to ensure the maintenance efficiency and the economic benefit.
In the traditional titanium alloy part repairing process, the defect position and the forming area are required to be pretreated and post-treated respectively before and after welding repair, impurities such as cracks, etching hole areas, reaming and removing greasy dirt are required to be polished in pretreatment, the main treatment mode at present is mainly to reduce materials and remove impurities by mechanical means such as a drilling machine, an angle grinder and the like, but the titanium alloy has higher hardness and strength, and when the traditional mechanical means is used for processing, the cutter is fast in abrasion and low in processing efficiency, and meanwhile, the impact on the part is higher, so that the part is required to be strongly fixed if in-situ treatment is required, but the surface of the part is extremely easy to damage; secondly, for parts with complex shapes, additional matched fixtures are needed, so that the repair welding cost is increased and the efficiency is reduced. Meanwhile, the titanium alloy part is used for complex working conditions, more bending angles possibly exist in the structure, machining can be greatly limited when the part is damaged or the defect position is located at the corner, and the defect area is difficult to process.
The main means of the current local repair welding is filler wire repair, which is essentially additive technology. While additive manufacturing of titanium alloys has mainly five problems: (1) The material-increasing forming area has anisotropy of mechanical properties, and the strength in the horizontal direction is better than that in the vertical direction; (2) The whole material-increasing forming area has the characteristics of high strength and low plasticity; (3) Poor fatigue performance and also has anisotropy in fatigue performance; (4) there may be a large residual stress; (5) The titanium alloy has higher requirements on the atmosphere of the protective gas, and if the joint with poor protection is easily oxidized in the welding repair process of the filler wire, the performance of the forming area is reduced. The main reasons for the above problems include: (1) Coarse beta columnar crystals which grow epitaxially are extremely easy to form in the titanium alloy additive manufacturing process; the beta intragranular bunched alpha phase forms a strong texture characteristic, and the grain boundary alpha phase is different from the action direction of the tensile load; (2) More martensite and less beta phase remain in the deposition layer, which can improve the strength of the titanium alloy deposition piece and reduce the plasticity; (3) Pores and microcracks are easy to generate in the titanium alloy material adding process, and meanwhile, fatigue performance is reduced due to non-uniformity of microstructures; (4) The repair welding process is a local heating and cooling process, and a large temperature difference exists between a molten pool and a base metal, so that a large temperature gradient is generated in a small area, and further, a large residual stress and a certain welding deformation are inevitably caused, and meanwhile, a certain residual stress is brought by complex and various phase changes.
In order to reduce residual stress, welding deformation and heat affected zone caused by welding, a laser beam with high energy density is mainly used as a heat source for wire filling. However, in order to eliminate hard phases in the deposition phase to a greater extent, regulate and control microstructure non-uniformity, improve the mechanical properties of the deposition layer, further reduce residual stress in the repair welding area, reduce the sensitivity of stress corrosion in the repair welding area, and perform heat treatment on the repaired titanium alloy part. At present, the heat treatment mode of the titanium alloy weldment mainly comprises integral heat treatment and local heat treatment, most of the integral heat treatment is to directly put the weldment into a furnace for heating and preserving heat, and finally the weldment is cooled along with the furnace or taken out for water cooling, so that the titanium alloy weldment has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and the like, but the method of the integral heat treatment can cause the same heat treatment to a weld joint area, a heat affected zone and a base metal area in the heat treatment process, and is difficult to independently heat a weld repair molding area and simultaneously meet the requirements of three areas on the heat treatment technology, so that different tissues simultaneously achieve optimal performances, and further the effect of the postweld heat treatment is affected. Meanwhile, the titanium alloy parts with difficult disassembly and large size are difficult to implement integral heat treatment. While the local heat treatment method such as induction heating can well solve the problem of in-situ heat treatment, it is difficult to meet the requirements of three areas on the heat treatment technology at the same time because the induction heating precision is not high, so that a better in-situ local heat treatment method is urgently needed.
Meanwhile, in view of the current welding repair situation of the titanium alloy, a new repair and remanufacturing method integrating local protection, welding repair and in-situ heat treatment of the titanium alloy is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a repairing and remanufacturing method for a titanium alloy part.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the repairing and remanufacturing method of the titanium alloy part comprises the following steps of:
s1, laser ablation pretreatment: under the protection of argon atmosphere, performing laser ablation on a defect area of the titanium alloy part to form a pit with a gradient;
s2, laser filler wire repair: and under the protection of argon atmosphere, carrying out laser filler wire repair welding on the pits.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s3, post-welding treatment: carrying out post-weld repair treatment on the welding-repaired forming area to remove residual height and welding slag;
s4, laser fixed-area heat treatment: and carrying out laser heat treatment on the polished forming area and the heat affected zone.
Further, in step S1, the method for determining the defect area of the titanium alloy part includes: observing whether a corrosion pit and a crack defect area exist on the surface of the part; or using an ultrasonic flaw detector to detect the flaw of the titanium alloy part, and marking the internal air holes, the internal pores and the internal crack defect areas.
Further, in step S1, the method for preprocessing laser ablation includes: and (3) performing laser ablation on the defect area for a plurality of times by using a nanosecond laser marking machine/a picosecond laser marking machine/a femtosecond laser marking machine until the defect area is completely ablated and removed, wherein the depth of each laser ablation is 20-100 mu m.
In step S1, the scanning speed of the laser ablation is 20-100 mm/S, the laser power is 10-30W, the scanning path is a parallel straight line with a line spacing d, the scanning line spacing d is 30-40 μm, and the defocus amount is-50 μm;
and/or, in step S1, the laser ablation is performed by using a nanosecond laser marking machine, wherein the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the spot diameter is 50 μm, the pulse width is 60ns, and the laser frequency is 65kHz.
In step S2, the laser filler wire repair is performed under the protection of argon atmosphere, the defocusing amount of the laser filler wire repair is 0, and the diameter of a laser spot is 0.8-1.0 mm; the laser power is 2000-5000W, the laser welding speed is 5-10 mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 2-10 m/min, the oscillating frequency of the oscillating mirror is 50-150 Hz, and the oscillating radius of the oscillating mirror is 0.5-1 mm.
Further, in step S2, in order to improve the fusion quality of the interface between the deposition layer and the part base material, the relative position of the laser spot and the tip of the welding wire is adjusted so that half of the spot is located at the part base material and half of the spot is located at the tip of the welding wire, that is, the laser spot is located between the part base material and the tip of the welding wire. The technological parameters are determined according to the repair welding forming area, when the repair welding area is larger and wider, the large wire feeding speed, the large laser power and the small welding speed are adopted, multi-layer multi-pass welding is adopted if necessary, and meanwhile, the welding width is increased and the occurrence of air holes in the welding line is reduced by adopting swinging laser. The welding path is designed according to the shape of the pit generated by ablation pretreatment, and when the pit is in a long strip shape, the welding path is a plurality of parallel straight lines; when the pits are in a shape of a circular table, the pits are in a spiral shape, and laser wire filling is performed circle by circle.
Further, in steps S1 and S2, the protective gas cover used in the protection of the argon atmosphere is an iron cover with a sealing rubber pad connected to the bottom, a protective gas inlet nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the iron cover, and a laser processing window matched with the shape of the welding repair area is arranged on the upper wall of the iron cover. Preferably, the iron cover is divided into two parts along the vertical direction, so that the iron cover is convenient to assemble and disassemble. Preferably, the air flow rate of the argon is 15-30L/min, and the argon is high-purity argon, so that the titanium alloy part is prevented from being oxidized in the ablation process. In order to prevent oxidation of the titanium alloy part caused by oxygen residue in the special protective gas cover, laser treatment is started after 10-30 s after the protective gas is introduced.
Further, in step S3, the method of post-repair welding treatment includes laser ablation, angle grinder polishing or sand paper polishing. When the welding repair forming area is inconvenient to mechanically polish, laser ablation is used for surface treatment, and the technological parameters of the laser ablation are the same as those of the laser ablation; when the welding repair area is relatively open and the operation space is not limited, the surface of the forming area is polished by an angle grinder or sand paper. Preferably, the laser ablation is adopted for surface treatment, so that the operation can be realized under the same protective cover condition, and the operation is more convenient.
Further, in step S4, since the structure of the welded forming region is usually coarse and irregular widmannstatten structure or basket structure, in order to eliminate brittle phase in the weld, reduce the structure non-uniformity, improve the mechanical properties of the welded forming region, reduce the residual stress, reduce the stress corrosion sensitivity, and perform laser fixed region heat treatment. The defocusing amount is adjusted to enable the diameter of a laser spot to be 2-6 mm, the laser power to be 800-1600W, the welding line area and the heat affected area of the welding repair area are subjected to fixed-area repeated scanning heating, the scanning speed is 10-30 mm/s, and the heat treatment time is 10-100 s. The heating state, the whole heat input, the cooling rate and the solid-state phase change size of the heat treatment area of the laser beam scanning can be controlled by adjusting the processing parameter combination, so that the tissue structure control is realized. Simulation and test results show that under the combination of the above preferred parameters, a solid phase transformation area with the radius of 1-4 mm and the depth of 0.2-3.0 mm can be obtained, coarse and irregular Wistatten tissues are promoted to be converted into finer martensite, and the residual tensile stress of a welding seam area is reduced by about 20-40%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: compared with the traditional wire filling repairing method, the repairing and remanufacturing method for titanium alloy parts by using the laser ablation pretreatment method replaces the traditional pretreatment polishing, reaming, degreasing and other processes, and effectively solves the problems of rapid cutter abrasion, low processing efficiency, large impact of parts, easy damage to the surfaces of the parts, limited pretreatment of defect areas, oxidization due to heating in the polishing process and the like in the traditional pretreatment process; and the whole repairing process (including pretreatment) is carried out in a special protective gas hood, so that the operation is convenient and fast, and the repairing process is guaranteed. Therefore, the invention can be used for repairing and remanufacturing the parts difficult to disassemble in situ, improves the operation flexibility and the maintenance efficiency, and reduces the maintenance cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a laser ablation path;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a special protective gas hood according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the structure of the laser filler wire weld repair molding area according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the structure of the shaped region after laser localized heat treatment in accordance with example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
EXAMPLE 1TC4 titanium alloy Square tube repair remanufacturing
(1) Defect region determination and laser ablation subtractive pretreatment
The size is 150mm of pipe length, the cross section side length is 50mm, the depth and the diameter of an etching hole with the diameter of 1mm exist on the upper wall surface of a TC4 titanium alloy square pipe with the wall thickness of 3mm, the operation space for machining the etching hole area is limited, and the titanium alloy square pipe is difficult to be strongly fixed by using a clamp. The method is characterized in that the method is used for repairing and remanufacturing, a special protection gas hood is fixedly arranged on a titanium alloy square tube, the protection gas flow is 15L/min, and laser ablation pretreatment is started after 10 seconds after the protection gas is introduced in order to prevent oxidation of titanium alloy parts caused by oxygen residues in the special protection gas hood. The scanning speed of the ablation laser is 50mm/s, the laser power is 20W, the distance d between scanning lines is 20-30 mu m, the defocus amount is 0, the repeated scanning times are 20-25 times, the repeated scanning mode is that scanning is sequentially conducted from a first line path to a last line, repeated scanning ablation is conducted for a plurality of times, long-shaped pits with the length, the width and the depth of about 5mm, 2mm and 1.5mm are produced, and the defect areas of the etched holes are completely ablated and removed.
As shown in fig. 1, the scanning path of the ablation laser scanning is a parallel straight line with a line spacing d, the solid line with an arrow in the drawing is the scanning path of a laser spot, and the laser ablates and removes the material in the path; after the laser spot scans the first path, the laser spot jumps to the starting point of the second processing path, and the broken line in fig. 1 is a path where the laser spot turns back, and no processing is performed in the process until reaching the end point. The repeated scanning mode is that the scanning is sequentially performed from the first row path to the last row, and then multiple times of scanning are performed.
The structure of the special protection gas hood is shown in fig. 2, the protection gas hood is an iron hood with a sealing rubber cushion connected to the bottom, a protection gas inlet nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the iron hood, a laser processing window matched with the shape of the repair welding area is arranged on the upper wall of the iron hood, and the iron hood is divided into two parts along the vertical direction. Because the laser ablation process is non-contact treatment, no impact is generated on the titanium alloy part, and the special protection gas hood is fixed on the upper surface of the square tube only by applying certain pressure by using a G-type fixing clamp (or a C-shaped locking pliers and an A-shaped clamp) during use, the sealing rubber pad at the bottom of the special protection gas hood adaptively deforms along with the pressure and the surface profile of the square tube, so that the sealing performance is improved, and meanwhile, the special protection gas hood is prevented from slipping and moving in the clamping process.
Laser ablation was performed using a nanosecond laser marking machine with a laser wavelength of 1064nm, a spot diameter of 50 μm, a pulse width of 60ns, and a laser frequency of 65kHz.
(2) Laser filler wire repair welding under argon atmosphere protection
The welding repair filler wire is TC4 welding wire, the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, the wire feeding speed is set to be 10m/min during welding repair, the laser power is 3000W, the defocusing amount is 0, and the diameter of a light spot is about 0.8mm at the moment; in order to reduce air holes in a forming area and improve the melting width, the oscillating radius of the oscillating mirror is 1.5mm, the oscillating frequency of the oscillating mirror is 100Hz, the pretreatment pits are filled up after single-pass repair welding, no undercut is caused, the residual height is about 0.5mm, and the appearance is formed bright and defect-free. Analysis of the formed area tissue revealed a significantly coarser basket structure, as shown in fig. 3; the residual longitudinal tensile stress peak value of the forming area is about 700-800 MPa and the residual stress value is higher by using an x-ray residual stress analyzer.
(3) Post-weld repair treatment
Because of the existence of the surplus height, the mechanical polishing space of the forming area is limited, the surplus height is continuously processed by laser, the laser parameters are the same as the pretreatment parameters, and the surplus Gao Dingduan is used as an initial plane to ablate and reduce materials layer by layer downwards.
(4) Laser fixed-area heat treatment under argon atmosphere protection
The defocusing amount is adjusted to enable the laser spot diameter to be 3mm and slightly larger than the width of the forming area, the laser power to be 1200W, the welding seam area and the heat affected area of the welding repair area are repeatedly scanned and heated, the scanning speed is 30mm/s, and the heat treatment time is 80s. The structure of the molding area is analyzed, the solid phase transformation diameter is 2.2mm, the depth is 1.5mm, as shown in fig. 4, the coarse and irregular basket structure is converted into finer martensite to a certain extent, the peak value of the residual longitudinal tensile stress of the molding area is about 500-600 MPa, and the peak value level is reduced by about 20% by using an x-ray residual stress analyzer.
The TC4 titanium alloy of this embodiment is a currently commonly used brand, and the parent material structure is an α+β phase, and has good overall properties compared with α Titanium Alloy (TA) and β titanium alloy (TB). The difference of the thermal physical properties of different titanium alloys is small, such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, linear expansion coefficient and the like; and aiming at the phase composition difference, the heat input of the heat treatment laser can be changed in the laser fixed-area heat treatment process to enable the forming area to reach the required phase transition temperature, so that the method is applicable to other titanium alloys.
Comparative example 1:
the Chinese patent with the application number of CN202211635903.8 discloses a field repair welding method for titanium and titanium alloy, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) mechanical cleaning: cleaning a welding bead by adopting an angle grinder or a copper wire brush; (2) alcohol wiping: wiping the welding seam by adopting acetone or industrial alcohol; (3) Groove machining by an angle grinder is required if necessary. The technology can realize the material reduction pretreatment before repair welding, but because the titanium alloy has higher hardness and strength, the heating is extremely serious when the angle grinder is used for polishing, and oxidation is easy to generate in the atmospheric environment, thereby influencing the performance of the subsequent repair welding forming area; meanwhile, the impact on the parts is larger during polishing, so that cracks can be possibly caused to continue to expand, and the parts are more damaged. The defect area of the part is always under the protection of argon atmosphere, so that the part is prevented from being oxidized in the pretreatment process, meanwhile, the non-contact laser ablation material reduction cannot impact the part, and the crack expansion condition is avoided.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of modifications within the scope of the inventive concept, either as taught or as a matter of routine skill or knowledge in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The repairing and remanufacturing method for the titanium alloy part is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, laser ablation pretreatment: under the protection of argon atmosphere, performing laser ablation on a defect area of the titanium alloy part to form a pit with a gradient;
s2, laser filler wire repair: and under the protection of argon atmosphere, carrying out laser filler wire repair welding on the pits.
2. The repair remanufacturing method for a titanium alloy part of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s3, post-welding treatment: carrying out post-weld repair treatment on the welding-repaired forming area to remove residual height and welding slag;
s4, laser fixed-area heat treatment: and carrying out laser heat treatment on the polished forming area and the heat affected zone.
3. The repair remanufacturing method of a titanium alloy part according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S1, the method of determining a defective area of the titanium alloy part comprises: observing whether a corrosion pit and a crack defect area exist on the surface of the part; or using an ultrasonic flaw detector to detect the flaw of the titanium alloy part, and marking the internal air holes, the internal pores and the internal crack defect areas.
4. The repair remanufacturing method of a titanium alloy part according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S1, the laser ablation pretreatment method comprises: and (3) performing laser ablation on the defect area for a plurality of times by using a nanosecond laser marking machine/a picosecond laser marking machine/a femtosecond laser marking machine until the defect area is completely ablated and removed, wherein the depth of each laser ablation is 20-100 mu m.
5. The method for repairing and remanufacturing a titanium alloy part according to claim 4, wherein in the step S1, the scanning speed of the laser ablation is 20-100 mm/S, the laser power is 10-30W, the scanning path is a parallel straight line with a line spacing d, the scanning line spacing d is 30-40 μm, and the defocus amount is-50 μm;
and/or, in step S1, the laser ablation is performed by using a nanosecond laser marking machine, wherein the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the spot diameter is 50 μm, the pulse width is 60ns, and the laser frequency is 65kHz.
6. The repairing and remanufacturing method of a titanium alloy part according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S2, the laser filler wire repair is performed under the protection of argon atmosphere, the defocusing amount of the laser filler wire repair is 0, and the laser spot diameter is 0.8-1.0 mm; the laser power is 2000-5000W, the laser welding speed is 5-10 mm/s, the wire feeding speed is 2-10 m/min, the oscillating frequency of the oscillating mirror is 50-150 Hz, and the oscillating radius of the oscillating mirror is 0.5-1 mm.
7. The repair remanufacturing method of a titanium alloy part according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S2, the laser spot is located between the part base material and the wire tip at the time of laser filler wire repair.
8. The method for repairing and remanufacturing a titanium alloy part according to claim 1, wherein in the steps S1 and S2, the protective gas cover used in the argon atmosphere protection is an iron cover with a sealing rubber pad connected to the bottom, a protective gas inlet nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the iron cover, and a laser processing window matching with the shape of the repair welding area is arranged on the upper wall of the iron cover.
9. The method of repairing and remanufacturing a titanium alloy part according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, the post-weld treatment method comprises laser ablation, angle grinder grinding or sand paper grinding.
10. The method for repairing and remanufacturing a titanium alloy part according to claim 2, wherein in step S4, the laser spot diameter of the laser heat treatment is 2-6 mm, the laser power is 800-1600W, the scanning speed is 10-30 mm/S, the repeated scanning heating is performed, and the heat treatment time is 10-100S.
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| CN202311835405 | 2023-12-28 | ||
| CN2023118354052 | 2023-12-28 |
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| CN (1) | CN117817279A (en) |
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2024
- 2024-01-03 CN CN202410004617.4A patent/CN117817279A/en active Pending
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