CN117798481A - Welding method of Laval pipe body - Google Patents
Welding method of Laval pipe body Download PDFInfo
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- CN117798481A CN117798481A CN202410224658.4A CN202410224658A CN117798481A CN 117798481 A CN117798481 A CN 117798481A CN 202410224658 A CN202410224658 A CN 202410224658A CN 117798481 A CN117798481 A CN 117798481A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011990 functional testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
- B23K20/026—Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/002—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating specially adapted for particular articles or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method of a Laval pipe body part, and relates to the technical field of Laval pipe manufacturing. Wherein the method comprises the following steps: correspondingly assembling the first inner wall connecting section, the first outer wall connecting section, the second inner wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section, assembling the front section assembly and the rear section assembly through a tool, and welding the first inner wall connecting section and the second inner wall connecting section; tightly welding the middle connecting section with the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section to form a Laval pipe body assembly; the packaging sleeve is arranged in the inner wall layer, and the edges of the packaging sleeve, the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section are welded; and welding the first collector and the second collector to the outer wall layer, wherein the first collector is used for being matched with the vacuumizing pipe to vacuumize the vacuumizing space, so that the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer are subjected to integral diffusion welding. The method can realize control of the processing period and the processing cost of the Laval pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of Laval pipes, in particular to a welding method of a Laval pipe body.
Background
Laval pipe is also called as spray pipe or zoom pipe, and has a certain shape of contracted-expanded inner cavity, after the high-pressure gas flowing through Laval pipe is contracted and expanded again, stable laminar flow can be formed, and its flow rate can be up to supersonic speed.
At present, the body part of the existing Laval pipe is welded by tool bulging, and the existing Laval pipe is long in period and high in cost. Therefore, there is a clear need for further improvement in the existing manufacturing method of the laval tube, and for this purpose, we propose a welding method of the laval tube body to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-described drawbacks or shortcomings of the prior art, it is desirable to provide a method of welding a Laval pipe body portion that is short in machining cycle and low in machining cost.
The invention provides a welding method of a Laval pipe body part, which comprises an inner wall layer and an outer wall layer which are matched with each other; the inner wall layer consists of a first inner wall connecting section and a second inner wall connecting section, and the outer wall layer consists of a first outer wall connecting section, a second outer wall connecting section and a middle connecting section; a plurality of channels are uniformly distributed outside the first inner wall connecting section and the second inner wall connecting section; communication holes corresponding to a plurality of channels are respectively formed in the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section;
the welding method comprises the following steps:
s100: assembling the first inner wall connecting section and the first outer wall connecting section to form a front section assembly of the Laval pipe; assembling the second inner wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section to form a rear section assembly of the Laval pipe;
s200: assembling the front section assembly and the rear section assembly through a tool, and welding the first inner wall connecting section and the second inner wall connecting section;
s300: assembling the middle connecting section to a target machining position, and tightly welding the middle connecting section with the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section to form a Laval pipe body assembly; the target machining position is positioned at the welding position of the first inner wall connecting section and the second inner wall connecting section;
s400: the method comprises the steps of installing a sheath into the inner wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly, and welding the edges of the sheath and the edges of the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section far away from the middle connecting section so as to enable the sheath and the outer wall layer to form a vacuumizing space;
s500: welding a first collector and a second collector to the outer wall layer, wherein the first collector and the second collector are arranged corresponding to the communication holes and cover the communication holes; the first collector is used for being matched with a vacuumizing pipe to vacuumize the vacuumizing space, so that the inner wall layer, the outer wall layer sections and the sheath are all in a vacuum state;
s600: and carrying out integral diffusion welding on the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, before the front section assembly and the rear section assembly are assembled through the tool and the first inner wall connecting section and the second inner wall connecting section are welded, the method further comprises the following steps:
plugging a plurality of channels at the processing positions of the first inner wall connecting section and the second inner wall connecting section by adopting an electrical adhesive tape so as to avoid metal steam from polluting the channels;
and plugging the area near the target machining position by using wax, and removing the first inner wall connecting section and the second inner wall connecting section after machining is completed.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the middle connecting section comprises: a first outer wall midsection and a second outer wall midsection;
assembling the middle connecting section to a target machining position, and tightly welding the middle connecting section with the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
assembling the first outer wall middle section and the second outer wall middle section to the target machining position, and checking the gap values between the first outer wall middle section and the second outer wall middle section and the adjacent first outer wall connecting section and second outer wall connecting section through a measuring scale;
and when the gap value is smaller than a preset gap, welding the first outer wall middle section, the second outer wall middle section, the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the sheath is arranged in the inner wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly, and the edge of the sheath is welded with the edges of the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section far away from the middle connecting section, and the technical scheme specifically comprises the following steps:
brushing the soldering flux uniformly and compactly on the outer surface of the sheath, and filling the sheath into the inner wall layer after the soldering flux is dried;
and welding the edges of the sheath, the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section away from the edges of the middle connecting section in an argon arc welding mode.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the outer walls of the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section are also provided with positioning protrusions distributed circumferentially, and the positioning protrusions are positioned at two sides of the communication hole; the positioning bulge is used for being welded with the corresponding first collector and second collector;
the first collector is used for being matched with the vacuumizing pipe to vacuumize the vacuumizing space, and specifically comprises the following steps:
assembling the evacuation tube to the first manifold; the first collector is provided with two connecting holes which are oppositely arranged, and the two connecting holes are used for being welded with the vacuumizing tube;
connecting one vacuumizing tube with a helium mass spectrometer for leak detection test, and plugging the other vacuumizing tube; when the leak rate is smaller than a first preset leak rate threshold value, confirming that the air tightness of the vacuumizing space is qualified;
and connecting the vacuum tube which is not plugged with a vacuum pumping device, and performing vacuum pumping operation on the vacuum pumping space.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer are subjected to integral diffusion welding, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and placing the Laval pipe body assembly subjected to vacuumizing operation into a diffusion welding furnace, and controlling the temperature of the diffusion welding furnace according to a preset heating curve so as to carry out integral diffusion welding on the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer of the Laval pipe body assembly.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, after the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer of the Laval pipe body part assembly are subjected to integral diffusion welding according to a preset heating curve, the Laval pipe body part assembly further comprises:
removing the sheath on the Laval pipe body part assembly subjected to diffusion welding.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, after the sheath on the Laval pipe body part assembly subjected to diffusion welding is removed, the method further comprises the following steps:
and connecting the vacuumizing tube with a helium mass spectrometer again for leak detection test, and confirming that the air tightness between the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly is qualified when the leak rate is smaller than the first preset leak rate threshold value.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, after the air tightness between the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly is confirmed to be qualified, the method further comprises the following steps:
connecting one vacuumizing tube with a hydraulic station, and connecting the other vacuumizing tube with the atmosphere;
and filling deionized water into an inner space formed by the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer, and plugging the two vacuumizing pipes after the gas in the inner space is exhausted completely, and performing a pressure-resistant test.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, after the pressure-resistant test is carried out, the method further comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out integral finish machining on the Laval pipe body assembly.
In summary, the technical scheme specifically discloses a welding method for a Laval pipe body, which specifically comprises the following steps: assembling the first inner wall connecting section and the first outer wall connecting section to form a front section assembly of the Laval pipe; assembling the second inner wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section to form a rear section assembly of the Laval pipe; assembling the front section assembly and the rear section assembly through a tool, and welding a first inner wall connecting section and a second inner wall connecting section of the front section assembly and the rear section assembly; assembling the middle connecting section to a target machining position, and tightly welding the middle connecting section with the first outer wall connecting section and the second outer wall connecting section to form a Laval pipe body part assembly; the target machining position is positioned at the welding position of the first inner wall connecting section and the second inner wall connecting section; the method comprises the steps of loading a sheath into an inner wall layer in a Laval pipe body assembly, and welding the edges of the sheath, a first outer wall connecting section and a second outer wall connecting section far away from the edges of the middle connecting section, so that a vacuumizing space is formed between the sheath and the outer wall layer; welding the first collector and the second collector to the outer wall, wherein the first collector and the second collector are arranged corresponding to the communication hole and cover the communication hole; the first collector is used for being matched with the vacuumizing pipe to vacuumize the vacuumizing space, so that all sections of the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer are in a vacuum state with the sheath; and carrying out integral diffusion welding on the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer.
The existing welding of the body of the Laval pipe adopts tooling bulging welding, so that a plurality of tooling is needed in the welding process, and a longer processing period and higher cost are also needed. According to the welding method provided by the invention, the subsequent diffusion welding process can be completed by performing corresponding assembly on each connecting section and then performing vacuumizing operation on the Laval pipe body assembly in order to improve the welding quality of diffusion welding.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of welding a Laval pipe body.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a welded structure of a laval tube.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first inner wall connection section in a laval tube.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a first outer wall connection section in a laval tube.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a front section assembly of a laval tube.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second inner wall connection section in a laval tube.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of a second outer wall connection section in a laval tube.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a rear segment assembly of a laval tube.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a laval body assembly of a laval tube.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a welding condition of a first inner wall connection section and a second inner wall connection section in a laval pipe.
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a Laval pipe diffusion welding.
Fig. 12 is an enlarged partial schematic view of a cross-section of a diffusion welded Laval pipe at A.
Fig. 13 is a schematic flowchart of step S300 in a method for welding a laval tube body.
Fig. 14 is a schematic flowchart of step S400 in a method for welding a laval tube body.
Fig. 15 is a schematic flowchart of step S500 in a method for welding a laval tube body.
Fig. 16 is a schematic flowchart showing a specific procedure of step S600 in the welding method of the laval tube body.
Reference numerals in the drawings: 1. a first inner wall connecting section; 2. a second inner wall connecting section; 3. a first outer wall connection section; 4. a second outer wall connection section; 5. a middle connecting section; 51. a first outer wall midsection; 52. a second outer wall midsection; 6. a first collector; 7. a second collector; 8. vacuumizing the tube; 9. a first jacket; 10. a support mandrel; 11. a pressing plate; 12. a long bolt; 13. and positioning pins.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Example 1
First, the structure of the laval tube is described in advance with reference to fig. 2 to 12.
The Laval pipe body is divided into an inner wall layer and an outer wall layer, but the inner wall layer is limited by the difficulty of assembly and welding, the inner wall layer is divided into a first inner wall connecting section 1 and a second inner wall connecting section 2, and the outer wall layer is divided into a first outer wall connecting section 3, a second outer wall connecting section 4 and a middle connecting section 5.
During the assembly process, the first outer wall connecting section 3 is sleeved outside the first inner wall connecting section 1, so that a front section assembly of the Laval pipe can be obtained (see specifically FIG. 5); the second outer wall connecting section 4 is sleeved outside the second inner wall connecting section 2, so that a rear section assembly of the Laval pipe can be obtained (see specifically FIG. 8).
It should be noted that, in combination with the use process of the laval tube, the high-pressure gas flowing through the laval tube forms a stable laminar flow after contracting and then expanding, so that the first inner wall connecting section 1 can be called an inner wall front section and the second inner wall connecting section 2 can be called an inner wall rear section in the direction of the gas flowing from the inflow direction to the outflow direction (see the arrow pointing in fig. 2); the first outer wall connecting section 3 may be referred to as the outer wall front section, the second outer wall connecting section 4 may be referred to as the outer wall rear section, and the middle connecting section 5 may be referred to as the outer wall middle section.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 6, a plurality of channels are uniformly distributed on the outer parts of the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the second inner wall connecting section 2, the extending directions of the plurality of channels extend along the axial direction of the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the second inner wall connecting section 2, and the arrangement modes of the plurality of channels are circumferentially distributed around the corresponding first inner wall connecting section 1 or the second inner wall connecting section 2.
As shown in fig. 4 and 7, communication holes corresponding to a plurality of channels are respectively formed in the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4; a plurality of communication holes are arranged along the circumferential direction of the corresponding first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4, and when the assembly is completed, the communication holes correspond to the channels on the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the second inner wall connecting section 2; it can be seen that the above-mentioned several connection sections are required to be strictly assembled, and in order to facilitate assembly, the first outer wall connection section 3 and the second outer wall connection section 4 are provided with positioning pins 13, and the first inner wall connection section 1 and the second inner wall connection section 2 are also provided with corresponding pin holes, thereby improving assembly efficiency.
Next, please refer to a flow chart of a welding method for a Laval pipe body in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the welding method includes the following steps:
s100: assembling the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the first outer wall connecting section 3 to form a front section assembly of the Laval pipe; assembling the second inner wall connecting section 2 and the second outer wall connecting section 4 to form a rear section assembly of the Laval pipe;
the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the first inner wall connecting section 1 are assembled as shown in fig. 5 to form a front section assembly, the front section assembly is positioned by positioning pins 13 in the circumferential direction, and the coupling of the two parts is ensured by taking a shape surface as a reference in the axial direction; the second outer wall connecting section 4 and the second inner wall connecting section 2 are assembled to form a rear section assembly as shown in fig. 8, and are positioned by positioning pins 13 in the circumferential direction, and the two parts are ensured to be coupled by taking the shape surface as a reference in the axial direction, so that the positioning pins 13 are used for aligning communication holes on the outer wall layer and grooves on the inner wall layer.
S200: assembling the front section assembly and the rear section assembly through a tool, and welding the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the second inner wall connecting section 2;
because the inner wall layer needs to be welded subsequently, the front section assembly and the rear section assembly are assembled through the tool, corresponding measurement tasks are also needed to be completed by using a plurality of measurement pieces (such as a feeler gauge) in the whole assembly process, and the assembly accuracy of the front section assembly and the rear section assembly is ensured.
Specifically, referring to fig. 10, it can be seen that the welding is not performed on the middle connecting section 5, and only the welding of the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the second inner wall connecting section 2 is completed, and the tooling used in the process at least includes: the use of the support mandrel 10, the press plate 11, the long bolt 12, etc. is not particularly limited here, and is mainly for supporting and assisting the welding of the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the second inner wall connecting section 2.
Wherein, because the outside distribution of first inner wall linkage segment 1 with second inner wall linkage segment 2 has a plurality of channels, so first inner wall linkage segment 1 with before the welding is carried out to second inner wall linkage segment 2, still include following step, guarantee the cleanliness on part surface, specifically include:
step one, plugging a plurality of channels at processing positions of the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the second inner wall connecting section 2 by using an electrical adhesive tape so as to avoid metal vapor from polluting the channels;
and secondly, plugging the area near the target machining position by using wax, and removing the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the second inner wall connecting section 2 after machining is completed.
The processing of the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the second inner wall connecting section 2 not only needs to carry out a high-voltage electron beam welding process, but also comprises processing steps of inner shape turning, outer shape milling groove and the like.
S300: assembling the middle connecting section 5 to a target machining position, and tightly welding the middle connecting section with the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4 to form a Laval pipe body part assembly; the target machining position is positioned at the welding position of the first inner wall connecting section 1 and the second inner wall connecting section 2;
in particular, as shown in fig. 13 and 9, also for ease of assembly, the intermediate connecting section 5 comprises: a first outer wall midsection 51 and a second outer wall midsection 52, so in step S300: the middle connecting section 5 is assembled to a target machining position and is tightly welded with the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
s301: assembling the first outer wall middle section 51 and the second outer wall middle section 52 at the target machining position, and checking the gap values between the first outer wall middle section 51 and the second outer wall middle section 52 and the adjacent first outer wall connecting section 3 and second outer wall connecting section 4 through a measuring scale;
as is evident from fig. 9 and 10, the welding position of the first outer wall middle section 51 and the second outer wall 52, i.e. the target machining position, is clearly visible, wherein during the assembly process, it is also necessary to use tools, such as a mandrel, a long screw, a tail top disc, etc., and after the assembly is completed, it is necessary to use a measuring scale (e.g. a feeler gauge) to detect the assembly.
S302: and when the gap value is smaller than a preset gap, welding the first outer wall middle section 51, the second outer wall middle section 52, the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4.
In practical operation, the preset gap may be 0.05mm, and the misalignment detection is also required, for example, the misalignment is smaller than 0.05mm, which is not particularly limited. Meanwhile, in the actual welding process, the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4 adopt a high-voltage electron beam welding process.
In particular, electron beam welding is a high energy density welding method that utilizes the high speed and high energy of electron beams to melt and join metallic materials, and has advantages including a high welding speed, a small heat affected zone, high weld quality, a large welding depth, and a small relative deformation.
S400: filling a sheath into the inner wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly, and welding the edges of the sheath and the edges of the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4 which are far away from the middle connecting section 5 so as to form a vacuumizing space with the outer wall layer;
the invention provides a diffusion welding method, which aims to ensure that materials are not oxidized or polluted in the welding process, so that the welding quality of a welding joint is reduced, the welding strength and corrosion resistance are affected, and vacuumizing treatment is needed before welding to ensure the welding quality.
In order to complete the vacuumizing treatment, the invention introduces a sheath structure, the sheath is sleeved into the inner wall layer of the Laval pipe body assembly which is subjected to primary welding, and the edges of the two ends of the sheath are subjected to argon arc welding with the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4, so that a vacuumizing space is formed between the sheath and the outer wall layer.
It should be noted that the sheath structure can be divided into: a first envelope 9 and a second envelope; referring to fig. 12, the first sheath 9 is welded to the first outer wall connecting section 3, but in practice the first and second sheath are used only for distinguishing the two sheaths, and there is no structural difference, so that in order to form a vacuum-pumping space, argon arc welding needs to be performed between the first sheath 9 and the second sheath, so as to form an integral sheath structure.
Specifically, argon arc welding is a common welding mode using inert gas argon as a shielding gas to prevent impurities such as oxygen and nitrogen in the air from adversely affecting a molten pool in the welding process.
Further, as shown in fig. 12 and 14, in order to secure welding quality, in step S400: the method comprises the steps of installing a sheath into the inner wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly, and welding the edges of the sheath and the edges of the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4 which are far away from the middle connecting section 5, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s401: brushing the soldering flux uniformly and compactly on the outer surface of the sheath, and filling the sheath into the inner wall layer after the soldering flux is dried;
s402: the edges of the sheath and the edges of the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4, which are far away from the middle connecting section 5, are welded in an argon arc welding mode, and particularly, as shown in fig. 12, the first sheath 9 and the first outer wall connecting section 3 are welded.
The welding stopping agent is an auxiliary material used in argon arc welding, and the purpose of brushing the welding stopping agent on the outer surface of the sheath is to prevent the inner wall layer from being adhered with the sheath in the diffusion welding process, so that the welding quality is affected.
S500: welding a first collector 6 and a second collector 7 to the outer wall layer, wherein the first collector 6 and the second collector 7 are arranged corresponding to and covering the communication holes; the first collector 6 is used for being matched with the vacuumizing pipe 8 to vacuumize the vacuumizing space, so that the inner wall layer, the outer wall layer sections and the sheath are all in a vacuum state;
next, when the evacuation operation is performed on the evacuated space, it is necessary to seal the communication holes in the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4, and we use the first collector 6 and the second collector 7.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and fig. 7, the outer walls of the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4 are further provided with positioning protrusions distributed circumferentially, and the positioning protrusions are located at two sides of the communication hole; the positioning protrusions are used for being welded with the corresponding first collector 6 and the corresponding second collector 7, the collectors and the outer wall layers can be welded in a high-voltage electron beam welding mode, and the positioning protrusions can achieve rapid positioning welding of the first collector 6 and the second collector 7.
As shown in fig. 15, and step S500: the first collector 6 is configured to cooperate with the evacuation tube 8 to perform evacuation operation on the evacuated space, and specifically includes the following steps:
s501: -assembling said evacuation tube 8 to said first collector 6; the first collector 6 is provided with two connecting holes which are oppositely arranged, and the two connecting holes are used for being welded with the vacuumizing tube 8;
the vacuum pumping operation only needs one collector to be connected with the vacuum pumping pipe 8, so that the vacuum pumping pipe is connected with the first collector 6, and the vacuum pumping pipe can be connected with the second collector 7, and the collector which is not connected with the vacuum pumping pipe 8 can play a role in sealing corresponding communication holes, and argon arc welding can be selected as a welding process of the vacuum pumping pipe 8 and the first collector 6.
S502: connecting one vacuumizing tube 8 with a helium mass spectrometer for leak detection test, and plugging the other vacuumizing tube 8; when the leak rate is smaller than a first preset leak rate threshold value, confirming that the air tightness of the vacuumizing space is qualified;
before the vacuumizing operation, in order to ensure the smooth proceeding of the vacuumizing link, a leak detection test needs to be performed in advance, and a first preset leak rate threshold value is selected from the following: 5X 10 -8 Pa.m 3 And/s, if the leak rate is smaller than the first preset leak rate, the leak detection test is qualified.
S503: and connecting the vacuum tube 8 which is not plugged with a vacuum pumping device, and performing vacuum pumping operation on the vacuum pumping space.
As shown in fig. 16, S600: and carrying out integral diffusion welding on the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
s601: and placing the Laval pipe body assembly subjected to vacuumizing operation into a diffusion welding furnace, and controlling the temperature of the diffusion welding furnace according to a preset heating curve so as to carry out integral diffusion welding on the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer of the Laval pipe body assembly.
Specifically, when the temperature is raised according to a preset heating curve, the air pressure is raised at the same time when the temperature is raised, so that the air pressure is ensured to be raised within a preset range (the diffusion welding furnace equipment is filled with argon at normal temperature, and the air pressure is raised along with the temperature rise, the diffusion welding furnace equipment itself has a corresponding table of the relation between the temperature and the air pressure, and the air pressure generally does not exceed the table value, and the corresponding table is an actually measured air pressure value obtained by a temperature test after the diffusion welding furnace equipment is manufactured.
In the actual operation process, after the completion of welding the laval pipe body, steps such as function detection and machining the body are further required to detect the final welding quality, so the step S600 further includes:
firstly, removing the sheath on the Laval pipe body assembly subjected to diffusion welding, and specifically comprising dividing the sheath and taking out the sheath.
Secondly, the function detection includes:
(1) and connecting the vacuumizing tube 8 with a helium mass spectrometer again for leak detection test, and confirming that the air tightness between the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly is qualified when the leak rate is smaller than the first preset leak rate threshold value.
(2) After confirming that the air tightness between the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly is qualified, performing a withstand voltage test, specifically comprising:
step one, connecting one vacuumizing pipe 8 with a hydraulic station, and connecting the other vacuumizing pipe 8 with the atmosphere;
and step two, filling deionized water into the inner space formed by the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer, and plugging the two vacuumizing pipes 8 after the gas in the inner space is exhausted completely, and performing a pressure-proof test, wherein the pressure-proof test is required to be performed in a safety room.
Finally, after the pressure test is performed and all the functional tests are qualified, the body part is machined, specifically comprising: and (3) carrying out integral finish machining on the Laval pipe body assembly.
In the actual operation process, the Laval pipe body part combination body processing mainly comprises the following steps: the positioning projections of the outer walls of the first outer wall connecting section 3 and the second outer wall connecting section 4 are machined, while ensuring that no debris falls into the channels of the inner wall layer.
In summary, the present invention provides a method for welding a laval body that is systematic, complete and comprehensive. In a first aspect, the present invention provides for ease of assembly by dividing an inner wall layer and an outer wall layer constituting a laval tube body portion, including dividing the inner wall layer into a first inner wall connecting section and a second inner wall connecting section; dividing the outer wall layer into a first outer wall connecting section, a second outer wall connecting section and a middle connecting section; in a second aspect, to save welding cycle and cost issues, it is determined to perform integral diffusion welding on a laval tube body assembly; based on the welding core means, the welding quality must be ensured to be optimized, so the method is provided to finish the welding optimization of the Laval pipe body; finally, to distinguish the drawbacks of the existing diffusion welding, in order to improve the welding quality, the invention systematically designs the whole steps in the early stage of welding, and ensures the welding quality, for example, the invention comprises the steps of using a collector and a sheath, or preventing metal vapor from polluting the channel and the like, and welding subsequent functional testing, finishing and the like.
The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the scope of the invention referred to in the present invention is not limited to the specific combinations of the technical features described above, but also covers other technical features formed by any combination of the technical features described above or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. Such as the above-mentioned features and the technical features disclosed in the present invention (but not limited to) having similar functions are replaced with each other.
Claims (10)
1. A method of welding a laval tube section, wherein the laval tube section comprises an inner wall layer and an outer wall layer that are matched with each other; the inner wall layer consists of a first inner wall connecting section (1) and a second inner wall connecting section (2), and the outer wall layer consists of a first outer wall connecting section (3), a second outer wall connecting section (4) and a middle connecting section (5); a plurality of channels are uniformly distributed outside the first inner wall connecting section (1) and the second inner wall connecting section (2); communication holes corresponding to a plurality of channels are respectively formed in the first outer wall connecting section (3) and the second outer wall connecting section (4);
the welding method comprises the following steps:
s100: assembling the first inner wall connecting section (1) and the first outer wall connecting section (3) to form a front section assembly of the Laval pipe; assembling the second inner wall connecting section (2) and the second outer wall connecting section (4) to form a rear section assembly of the Laval pipe;
s200: assembling the front section assembly and the rear section assembly through a tool, and welding the first inner wall connecting section (1) and the second inner wall connecting section (2) in the front section assembly and the rear section assembly;
s300: assembling the middle connecting section (5) to a target machining position, and tightly welding the middle connecting section with the first outer wall connecting section (3) and the second outer wall connecting section (4) to form a Laval pipe body assembly; the target machining position is positioned at the welding position of the first inner wall connecting section (1) and the second inner wall connecting section (2);
s400: filling a sheath into the inner wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly, and welding the edges of the sheath and the edges of the first outer wall connecting section (3) and the second outer wall connecting section (4) far away from the middle connecting section (5) so as to form a vacuumizing space with the outer wall layer;
s500: welding a first collector (6) and a second collector (7) to the outer wall layer, wherein the first collector (6) and the second collector (7) are arranged corresponding to a communication hole and cover the communication hole; the first collector (6) is used for being matched with the vacuumizing pipe (8) to vacuumize the vacuumizing space, so that the inner wall layer, the outer wall layer and the sheath are in a vacuum state;
s600: and carrying out integral diffusion welding on the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer.
2. The method of welding a laval pipe section according to claim 1, characterized in that before assembling the front section assembly and the rear section assembly by a tooling and welding the first inner wall connecting section (1) and the second inner wall connecting section (2) of the two, further comprising:
plugging a plurality of channels at the processing positions of the first inner wall connecting section (1) and the second inner wall connecting section (2) by adopting an electrical adhesive tape so as to avoid metal vapor from polluting the channels;
the area near the target machining position is blocked by wax, and the first inner wall connecting section (1) and the second inner wall connecting section (2) are removed after machining is completed.
3. The method of welding a Laval pipe body according to claim 1, wherein,
the middle connecting section (5) comprises: a first outer wall midsection (51) and a second outer wall midsection (52);
assembling the middle connecting section (5) to a target machining position and tightly welding the middle connecting section with the first outer wall connecting section (3) and the second outer wall connecting section (4), wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
assembling the first outer wall middle section (51) and the second outer wall middle section (52) at the target machining position, and checking the gap values between the first outer wall middle section (51) and the second outer wall middle section (52) and the adjacent first outer wall connecting section (3) and second outer wall connecting section (4) through a measuring scale;
and when the gap value is smaller than a preset gap, welding the first outer wall middle section (51), the second outer wall middle section (52) with the first outer wall connecting section (3) and the second outer wall connecting section (4).
4. The method of welding a Laval pipe body according to claim 1, wherein,
the method comprises the steps of loading a sheath into the inner wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly, and welding the edges of the sheath and the edges of the first outer wall connecting section (3) and the second outer wall connecting section (4) far away from the middle connecting section (5), wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
brushing the soldering flux uniformly and compactly on the outer surface of the sheath, and filling the sheath into the inner wall layer after the soldering flux is dried;
and welding the edges of the sheath, the first outer wall connecting section (3) and the second outer wall connecting section (4) far away from the middle connecting section (5) in an argon arc welding mode.
5. The method of welding a Laval pipe body according to claim 1, wherein,
the outer walls of the first outer wall connecting section (3) and the second outer wall connecting section (4) are also provided with positioning protrusions distributed circumferentially, and the positioning protrusions are positioned at two sides of the communication hole; the positioning bulge is used for being welded with the corresponding first collector (6) and second collector (7);
the first collector (6) is used for being matched with the vacuumizing tube (8) to vacuumize the vacuumizing space, and specifically comprises the following steps:
-assembling the evacuation tube (8) to the first collector (6); the first collector (6) is provided with two connecting holes which are oppositely arranged, and the two connecting holes are used for being welded with the vacuumizing tube (8);
connecting one vacuumizing tube (8) with a helium mass spectrometer for leak detection test, and plugging the other vacuumizing tube (8); when the leak rate is smaller than a first preset leak rate threshold value, confirming that the air tightness of the vacuumizing space is qualified;
and connecting the vacuum tube (8) which is not plugged with a vacuum pumping device, and performing vacuum pumping operation on the vacuum pumping space.
6. The method of welding a Laval pipe body according to claim 5, wherein,
carrying out integral diffusion welding on the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer, and specifically comprising:
and placing the Laval pipe body assembly subjected to vacuumizing operation into a diffusion welding furnace, and controlling the temperature of the diffusion welding furnace according to a preset heating curve so as to carry out integral diffusion welding on the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer of the Laval pipe body assembly.
7. The method of welding a Laval pipe body according to claim 6, further comprising, after performing integral diffusion welding of the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer of the Laval pipe body assembly according to a predetermined heating profile:
removing the sheath on the Laval pipe body part assembly subjected to diffusion welding.
8. The method of welding a Laval pipe section according to claim 7, wherein after removing the sheath on the Laval pipe section assembly that has completed diffusion welding, further comprising:
and connecting the vacuumizing tube (8) with a helium mass spectrometer again for leak detection test, and confirming that the air tightness between the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer in the Laval pipe body part assembly is qualified when the leak rate is smaller than the first preset leak rate threshold value.
9. The method of welding a Laval pipe body according to claim 8, wherein after confirming that the air tightness between the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer in the Laval pipe body assembly is acceptable, further comprising:
connecting one vacuumizing pipe (8) with a hydraulic station, and connecting the other vacuumizing pipe (8) with the atmosphere;
filling deionized water into an inner space formed by the inner wall layer and the outer wall layer, sealing the two vacuumizing pipes (8) after the gas in the inner space is exhausted completely, and performing a pressure-proof test.
10. The method of welding a Laval pipe body according to claim 9, further comprising, after performing the pressure resistance test:
and (3) carrying out integral finish machining on the Laval pipe body assembly.
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