CN117791087A - GNSS antenna and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
GNSS antenna and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117791087A CN117791087A CN202410208755.4A CN202410208755A CN117791087A CN 117791087 A CN117791087 A CN 117791087A CN 202410208755 A CN202410208755 A CN 202410208755A CN 117791087 A CN117791087 A CN 117791087A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GNSS antenna and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: stamping and forming at least one antenna main body; the antenna main body comprises an antenna radiation structure, a feed structure and a loading structure; injection molding at least one limit bracket; the at least one limiting support is fixed on the substrate, the at least one antenna main body is limited through the limiting support, the feed structure is fixed on the substrate, and the antenna radiation structure is supported on the limiting support. According to the invention, the limiting support is fixed on the substrate, so that the antenna main body is limited by the limiting support, the feed structure is accurately fixed on the substrate, deformation and displacement of the antenna main body in the process of assembling the antenna main body with the substrate are avoided, the antenna main body is limited by the limiting support, the antenna radiation structure is supported, deformation and displacement of the antenna radiation structure and the feed structure are avoided, and further, the stability of the antenna performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to a GNSS antenna and a method for manufacturing the same.
Background
The GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System ) antenna is an indispensable part of a satellite positioning system, the existing GNSS antenna generally adopts high dielectric constant ceramic or PCB material as a base material, and in order to realize multiple frequency bands, a multilayer lamination mode is adopted, and independent feeding modes are also adopted for different frequency bands to realize excitation of each frequency band, so that an antenna with a certain thickness is finally designed.
In the prior art, a metal layer is printed on a substrate, and then a gap is formed on the metal layer in an etching manner, or a radiation patch is fixed on the substrate in a patch manner, so that an antenna radiation structure is formed; and forming a feeding structure by fixing the feeding line to the substrate. Because the manufacturing steps are tedious, the manufacturing efficiency is low, so that mass production is difficult to realize, and the antenna radiation structure and the feed structure are easy to deform and shift, so that the performance of the antenna is unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a GNSS antenna and a manufacturing method thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems that the manufacturing efficiency of the current GNSS antenna is low, and an antenna radiation structure and a feed structure are easy to deform and shift, so that the performance of the antenna is unstable.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a manufacturing method of a GNSS antenna, which comprises the following steps: stamping and forming at least one antenna main body; the antenna main body comprises an antenna radiation structure, a feed structure and a loading structure; injection molding at least one limit bracket; and fixing at least one limiting bracket on a substrate, limiting at least one antenna main body through the limiting bracket, fixing the feed structure on the substrate, and supporting the antenna radiation structure on the limiting bracket.
In the embodiment of the invention, a limiting clamping groove structure and a first limiting hole structure are arranged on the limiting bracket; the step of fixing the plurality of limit brackets and the plurality of antenna bodies on the plurality of substrates comprises the following steps: fixing a plurality of limit brackets on a plurality of base plates; the feed structure of the antenna main body penetrates through the first limiting hole structures of the limiting brackets and is fixed on the base plates, and the antenna radiation structures of the antenna main body are clamped in the limiting clamping groove structures of the limiting brackets.
In an embodiment of the invention, the antenna radiation structure is a frame structure; the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps: adjusting the frame edge width of the antenna radiation structure to change the axial ratio of the antenna main body and the center frequency of the antenna main body; the narrower the frame edge width of the antenna radiation structure is, the larger the axial ratio is and the center frequency moves towards low frequency; the wider the frame side width of the antenna radiation structure is, the smaller the axial ratio is and the center frequency is shifted to a high frequency.
In the embodiment of the invention, a corner part of the antenna radiation structure is provided with a corner cutting structure; the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps: adjusting the trimming length of the corner cutting structure to change the axial ratio of the antenna main body and the center frequency of the antenna main body; wherein the shorter the trimming length of the chamfer structure is, the smaller the axial ratio is and the center frequency is shifted to a high frequency; the longer the cut length of the chamfer structure, the greater the axial ratio and the lower the center frequency shift.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises the steps of: adjusting the width of the feed structure to change the axial ratio of the antenna body; wherein the wider the width of the feed structure, the greater the axial ratio; the narrower the width of the feed structure, the smaller the axial ratio.
In an embodiment of the invention, the antenna main body further comprises a loading structure, the limiting bracket is provided with a second limiting hole structure, and the loading structure is arranged in the second limiting hole structure in a penetrating manner and is connected with the antenna radiation structure and the substrate; the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps: adjusting the area of the loading structure to change the center frequency of the antenna main body; wherein the smaller the area of the loading structure is, the center frequency moves to a high frequency; the larger the area of the loading structure, the lower the center frequency moves.
The present invention also provides a GNSS antenna comprising: a substrate; at least one limiting bracket fixed on the base plate; the antenna comprises at least one antenna main body, wherein the antenna main body comprises an antenna radiation structure, a feed structure and a loading structure, the antenna radiation structure is supported on the limiting support, the feed structure and the loading structure are both connected with the substrate and the antenna radiation structure, and the limiting support can limit the antenna main body.
In the embodiment of the invention, the limiting bracket is provided with a limiting clamping groove structure and a first limiting hole structure, the antenna radiation structure is clamped in the limiting clamping groove structure, and the feed structure is arranged in the first limiting hole structure in a penetrating manner.
In an embodiment of the invention, the antenna radiation structure comprises a radiation outer frame and a radiation half frame, wherein two ends of the radiation half frame are connected with the inner edges of two adjacent side edges of the radiation outer frame and are enclosed to form a radiation inner frame; the width of the frame edge of the radiation outer frame and the width of the frame edge of the radiation half frame are set according to the axial ratio of the antenna main body and the center frequency of the antenna main body.
In the embodiment of the invention, the inner edge of at least one corner part of the radiation outer frame is provided with a corresponding internally tangent angle structure; and/or the outer edge of at least one corner part of the radiation outer frame is provided with a corresponding circumscribed angle structure; and the trimming lengths of the internal cutting angle structure and the external cutting angle structure are set according to the axial ratio of the antenna main body and the central frequency of the antenna main body.
In an embodiment of the invention, the feeding structure comprises at least one feeding unit, the first limiting hole structure comprises at least one first limiting hole, the feeding unit is arranged near the corner part of the half frame, one end of the feeding unit is connected with the radiation half frame, and the other end of the feeding unit passes through the first limiting hole to be connected with the substrate.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the number of the feeding units and the number of the first limiting holes are one; or the number of the feed units and the number of the first limiting holes are even, the even number of the feed units are arranged in the even number of the first limiting holes in a penetrating mode, and the substrate is provided with a combining structure which is connected with the even number of the feed units.
In an embodiment of the invention, the limiting support is further provided with a second limiting hole structure, and the loading structure penetrates through the second limiting hole structure and is connected with the antenna radiation structure and the substrate.
In an embodiment of the invention, the loading structure comprises at least one loading unit, the second limiting hole structure comprises at least one second limiting hole, one end of the loading unit is connected with the radiation outer frame, and the other end of the loading unit is connected with the substrate through the second limiting hole.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the loading unit is connected to or disposed near a corner portion of the radiation frame.
In an embodiment of the invention, the limit bracket is formed by an injection molding process; the antenna body is integrally formed by stamping through a metal belt.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the number of the antenna bodies is plural, and the heights of the plurality of antenna bodies are different, and the antenna radiation structures of the plurality of antenna bodies are sequentially fixed on the substrate from low to high.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the antenna radiating structures of the plurality of antenna bodies have different outer dimensions, and the antenna radiating structures of the plurality of antenna bodies are sequentially arranged above the substrate from outside to inside.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
1. according to the GNSS antenna, the antenna radiation structure, the feed structure and the loading structure are integrated on the antenna main body, and the limiting support is fixed on the substrate, so that the antenna main body is limited and the antenna radiation structure is supported through the limiting support, deformation and displacement of the antenna radiation structure and the feed structure are avoided, and the stability of the antenna performance is improved.
2. According to the manufacturing method of the GNSS antenna, at least one antenna main body is processed in a stamping mode, at least one limiting bracket is formed in an injection molding mode, and the limiting bracket is fixed on the substrate, so that the limiting bracket is used for limiting the antenna main body, the feed structure is accurately fixed on the substrate, deformation and displacement of the antenna main body in the process of being assembled with the substrate are avoided, the quality is stable, the yield is improved, and the assembly efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a limiting bracket in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention (omitting the spacing bracket).
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention (omitting the spacing bracket).
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a third embodiment of the present invention (omitting the limit bracket).
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention (omitting the spacing bracket).
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention (omitting the limiting bracket) at a first viewing angle.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention (omitting the limiting bracket).
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention (omitting the limiting bracket) at a first viewing angle.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention (omitting the limiting bracket).
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a seventh embodiment of the invention (omitting the spacing bracket).
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention (omitting the spacing bracket).
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention (omitting the limiting bracket) at a first viewing angle.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a GNSS antenna according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention (omitting the spacing bracket) at a second viewing angle.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a structure for adjusting the width of a frame edge of an antenna radiation structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 16 is an axial ratio diagram of experimental test one for adjusting the width of the frame side of the antenna radiation structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of standing-wave ratio of experimental test one for adjusting the frame width of the antenna radiation structure in the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a 3D gain of experimental test one for adjusting the frame width of the antenna radiation structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of an axial ratio of a second experimental test for adjusting a frame width of an antenna radiation structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of standing-wave ratio of experimental test two for adjusting the frame width of the antenna radiation structure in the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a 3D gain of a second experimental test for adjusting the frame width of the antenna radiation structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram showing an axial ratio of a third experimental test for adjusting a frame width of an antenna radiation structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a standing-wave ratio diagram of experimental test three for adjusting the frame width of the antenna radiation structure in the present invention.
Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of a 3D gain of experimental test three for adjusting the frame width of the antenna radiation structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 25 is a schematic view of the structure for adjusting the trimming width of the external corner structure in the present invention.
Fig. 26 is a schematic 3D gain diagram of experimental test one for adjusting the trimming width of the external corner structure in the present invention.
Fig. 27 is a schematic standing wave ratio diagram of experimental test one for adjusting the trimming width of the external corner structure in the present invention.
Fig. 28 is a schematic axial ratio diagram of experimental test one for adjusting the trimming width of the external corner structure in the present invention.
Fig. 29 is a schematic 3D gain diagram of two experimental examples of adjusting the trimming width of the external corner structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 30 is a schematic standing wave ratio diagram of experimental test two for adjusting the trimming width of the external corner structure in the present invention.
Fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of an axial ratio of experimental test two for adjusting the trimming width of the external corner structure in the present invention.
Fig. 32 is a 3D gain schematic of experimental test three for adjusting the trim width of the corner structure in the present invention.
FIG. 33 is a standing wave ratio diagram of experimental test III for adjusting the trim width of a corner structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 34 is a schematic diagram showing the axial ratio of experimental test three for adjusting the trimming width of the external corner structure in the present invention.
Fig. 35 is a schematic diagram of a structure for adjusting the width of a feeding unit in the present invention.
Fig. 36 is an axial ratio diagram of experimental test one for adjusting the width of the feeding unit in the present invention.
Fig. 37 is an axial ratio diagram of experimental test two for adjusting the width of the feeding unit in the present invention.
Fig. 38 is an axial ratio diagram of experimental test three for adjusting the width of the feeding unit in the present invention.
Fig. 39 is a schematic structural view of adjusting the width of the third side of the connecting portion of the loading unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 40 is a standing wave ratio diagram of experimental test one for adjusting the width of the third side of the connecting portion of the loading unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 41 is a schematic view of standing-wave ratio of experimental test II for adjusting the width of the third side of the connecting portion of the loading unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 42 is a standing wave ratio diagram of experimental test III for adjusting the width of the third side of the connecting portion of the loading unit according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a substrate;
2. a limit bracket; 21. a limit clamping groove structure; 22. A first limiting hole structure; 23. a second limiting hole structure; 24. A hollow structure; 25. a top plate; 26. coaming plate; 27. a limit bump;
3. an antenna main body; 31. an antenna radiating structure; 311. a radiation outer frame; 312. a radiating half frame; 32. a feed structure; 321. a power feeding unit; 33. loading a structure; 331. a loading unit; 3311. a support part; 3312. a connection part;
4. a circumscribed angle structure; 5. an inscribed corner structure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one: as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present invention further provides a GNSS antenna, including: a substrate 1; at least one limiting bracket 2 fixed on the base plate 1; at least one antenna main body 3, including antenna radiation structure 31, feed structure 32 and loading structure 33, antenna radiation structure 31 is supported on spacing support 2, and substrate 1 and antenna radiation structure 31 are all connected to feed structure 32 and loading structure 33, and spacing support 2 can carry out spacingly to antenna main body 3.
According to the GNSS antenna, the antenna radiation structure 31, the feed structure 32 and the loading structure 33 are integrated on the antenna main body 3, and the limiting support 2 is fixed on the substrate 1, so that the limiting support 2 limits the antenna main body 3 and supports the antenna radiation structure 31, deformation and displacement of the antenna radiation structure 31 and the feed structure 32 are avoided, and further stability of antenna performance is improved.
Specifically, the antenna main body 3 is a metal sheet integrally formed by press forming. The limiting support 2 is of an injection molding plastic frame structure. The stopper bracket 2 includes a top plate 25 and a shroud 26, and the top plate 25 is fixed to an inner wall surface of the shroud 26.
In the embodiment of the invention, the antenna radiation structure 31 includes a radiation outer frame 311 and a radiation half frame 312, wherein two ends of the radiation half frame 312 are connected with inner edges of two adjacent sides of the radiation outer frame 311 and are enclosed to form a radiation inner frame. Specifically, the limiting support 2 is provided with a hollow structure 24, and a hollow part between the hollow structure 24 and the inner edge of the radiation outer frame 311 and the outer edge of the radiation inner frame. The limit bracket 2 is provided with a groove, and a limit bump 27 matched with the hollowed-out part of the radiation inner frame is arranged in the groove, so that a limit groove structure matched with the antenna radiation structure 31 in shape is formed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the corner portion of the antenna radiation structure 31 is provided with a chamfer structure. The inner edge of at least one corner part of the radiation outer frame 311 is provided with a corresponding internally tangent angle structure 5; and/or the outer edge of at least one corner of the radiation outer frame 311 is provided with a corresponding circumscribed angle structure 4. By providing the internal chamfer structure 5 and/or the external chamfer structure 4 at least one corner portion of the radiation housing 311, the resonant frequency of the antenna radiation structure 31 can be adjusted, the bandwidth can be increased, and the impedance circle can be adjusted.
In the embodiment of the invention, the limiting bracket 2 is provided with a limiting clamping groove structure 21 and a first limiting hole structure 22, the antenna radiation structure 31 is clamped in the limiting clamping groove structure 21, and the feed structure 32 is arranged in the first limiting hole structure 22 in a penetrating manner. Specifically, the shape of the limiting slot structure 21 is substantially the same as the shape of the antenna radiation structure 31, so that the limiting slot structure 21 can better limit the antenna radiation structure 31. The shape of the first spacing hole structure 22 is substantially the same as the cross-sectional shape of the feed structure 32, so that the first spacing hole structure 22 can better spacing the feed structure 32. The limit clamping groove structure 21 comprises at least one limit clamping groove.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the feeding structure 32 includes at least one feeding unit 321, the first limiting hole structure 22 includes at least one first limiting hole, one end of the feeding unit 321 is connected to the radiating half frame 312, and the other end of the feeding unit 321 is connected to the substrate 1 through the first limiting hole. Specifically, the shape of the first limiting hole is substantially the same as the cross-sectional shape of the feeding unit 321.
By adjusting the position of the feeding unit 321 with respect to the antenna radiation structure 31, a circularly polarized antenna can be obtained. Specifically, the feeding unit 321 is disposed near the corner portion of the half frame.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments of the present invention (e.g., the first embodiment and the second embodiment), the number of the feeding units 321 and the number of the first limiting holes are one. One feeding unit 321 can obtain better gain, axial ratio and VSWR performance in single frequency application.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, in other embodiments of the present invention (e.g., the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment), the number of the feeding units 321 and the number of the first limiting holes are all even, the even number of the feeding units 321 are disposed in the even number of the first limiting holes in a penetrating manner, and a combining structure is mounted on the substrate 1, and the combining structure is connected to the even number of the feeding units 321, so that the radio wave signals of the pairs of the feeding units 321 are combined through the combining structure. By providing the plurality of feeding units 321, the frequency bandwidth, the axial ratio bandwidth and the VSWR bandwidth can be effectively increased, and the antenna radiation structure 31 can be shared by a plurality of frequency bands.
Specifically, the combining structure includes, but is not limited to, a T power divider or a wilkinson power divider, where two branches of a T-shaped branch in the T power divider structure have a quarter wavelength wave path difference (phase difference), and the two branches respectively excite two orthogonal modes with equal amplitude; the wilkinson power divider is also a microstrip transmission line with quarter wavelength to obtain a phase difference of 90 degrees, and the difference is that the wilkinson power divider needs to use an isolation resistor to ensure that two output ports are isolated from each other, and absorb unbalanced reflected waves.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the limiting bracket 2 is further provided with a second limiting hole structure 23, and the loading structure 33 is disposed through the second limiting hole structure 23 and connects the antenna radiation structure 31 and the substrate 1. By providing the loading structure 33, the size of the antenna radiation structure 31 can be further reduced, and the material cost can be reduced while achieving miniaturization. Specifically, one end of the loading structure 33 is connected to the antenna radiation structure 31, and the other end of the loading structure 33 passes through the second limiting hole structure 23 to be connected to the substrate 1 by direct connection (e.g., welding) or coupling.
The loading structure 33 includes at least one loading unit 331, the second limiting hole structure 23 includes at least one second limiting hole, one end of the loading unit 331 is connected with the radiation outer frame 311, and the other end of the loading unit 331 passes through the second limiting hole to be connected with the substrate 1.
The number of the loading units 331 may be one and connected to one corner portion of the radiation frame 311 or disposed near one corner portion of the radiation frame 311. In the embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of loading units 331 may be respectively connected to the plurality of corner portions of the radiation frame 311 or respectively disposed near the plurality of corner portions of the radiation frame 311.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of antenna bodies 3 is designed according to the frequency band required to be covered by the GNSS antenna, and may not be particularly limited.
As shown in fig. 3 to 6, in some embodiments (e.g., the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, and the fourth embodiment) of the present invention, the number of antenna bodies 3 is one, that is, the number of limiting brackets 2 is one, so that the antenna radiating structure 31 on one antenna body 3 can receive the radio wave signal of the required frequency band, and one antenna body 3 is mounted above the substrate 1 through one limiting bracket 2. The number of the limit clamping grooves is also one, and the antenna radiation structure 31 of one antenna main body 3 is clamped into one limit clamping groove.
As shown in fig. 7 to 14, in other embodiments of the present invention (e.g., the fifth embodiment, the sixth embodiment, the seventh embodiment, the eighth embodiment, and the ninth embodiment), the number of antenna bodies 3 is plural, and signals in different frequency bands are received through the antenna radiation structures 31 of the plurality of antenna bodies 3, so that the GNSS antenna integrates more functions, such as multi-frequency high-precision navigation, single-frequency normal navigation, XM, SDARS, satellite call, and the like. The number of the limiting brackets 2 may be one, and the plurality of antenna radiation structures 31 are supported and limited by arranging a plurality of limiting clamping grooves on one limiting bracket 2, and of course, the number of the limiting brackets 2 may be also plural, and the plurality of antenna main bodies 3 are arranged above the substrate 1 in a one-to-one correspondence manner through the plurality of limiting brackets 2, and the antenna radiation structures 31 of the plurality of antenna main bodies 3 are clamped into the limiting clamping grooves of the plurality of limiting brackets 2 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
As shown in fig. 7 to 14, in order to more reasonably mount the plurality of antenna bodies 3 on the substrate 1, each antenna body 3 can better receive signals of a desired frequency band while being compact in structure and not interfering with each other. In the embodiment of the present invention, the heights of the plurality of antenna bodies 3 are different, and the plurality of antenna bodies 3 are sequentially fixed to the substrate 1 from low to high. Further, the outer dimensions of the plurality of antenna bodies 3 are different, and the plurality of antenna bodies 3 are sequentially arranged above the substrate 1 from outside to inside. In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of antenna bodies 3 is two.
In order to meet the design requirements for the performance such as the center frequency and the axial ratio of the antenna body 3, the size of the antenna body 3 may be adjusted. The center frequency is the middle optimal point in the frequency range covered by the antenna main body 3, the antenna impedance is minimum, the efficiency is highest, and the standing wave ratio is minimum.
As shown in fig. 15, in the embodiment of the present invention, the frame width W1 of the radiation frame 311 and the radiation half frame is set according to the axial ratio of the antenna main body 3 and the center frequency of the antenna main body 3. The narrower the rim width W1 of the antenna radiation structure 31 is, the larger the axial ratio is and the center frequency moves toward the low frequency; the wider the rim width W1 of the antenna radiation structure 31 is, the smaller the axial ratio is and the center frequency shifts to a high frequency.
As shown in fig. 16 to 18, in a specific experiment test one, the rim width W1 of the radiation housing 311 was 6mm, the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 was 1.524GHz, the axial ratio was 4.9, the gain was 5.8dB, and the standing wave ratio was 1.148.
As shown in fig. 19 to 21, in a second specific experimental test, the rim width W1 of the radiation housing 311 was 7mm, the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 was 1.558GHz, the axial ratio was 1.18, the gain was 5.93dB, and the standing wave ratio was 1.14.
As shown in fig. 22 to 24, in a third experimental test, the rim width W1 of the radiation housing 311 was 8mm, the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 was 1.589GHz, the axial ratio was 0.52, the gain was 6.08dB, and the standing wave ratio was 1.02.
As shown in fig. 25, in the embodiment of the present invention, the trimming lengths L1 of the internal and external horn structures 5 and 4 are set according to the axial ratio of the antenna main body 3 and the center frequency of the antenna main body 3. The shorter the trimming length L1 of the antenna radiation structure 31 is, the smaller the axial ratio is and the center frequency is shifted toward high frequency; the longer the trimming length L1 of the antenna radiation structure 31 is, the larger the axial ratio is and the center frequency moves toward a low frequency. Specifically, the number of the internal cutting corner structures 5 and the number of the external cutting corner structures 4 are both even, and are arranged in pairs at two corner positions on the diagonal of the radiation outer frame 311.
As shown in fig. 26 to 28, in a specific experimental test one, the trimming length L1 of the external horn structure 4 was 3mm, the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 was 1.521GHz, the axial ratio was 2.53, the gain was 5.71dB, and the standing wave ratio was 1.1.
As shown in fig. 29 to 31, in a specific experimental test two, the trimming length L1 of the external horn structure 4 was 2mm, the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 was 1.584GHz, the axial ratio was 1.7, the gain was 5.99dB, and the standing wave ratio was 1.02.
As shown in fig. 32 to 34, in a specific experimental test three, the trimming length L1 of the external horn structure 4 was 1mm, the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 was 1.643GHz, the axial ratio was 0.52, the gain was 6.13dB, and the standing wave ratio was 1.03.
As shown in fig. 35, in the embodiment of the present invention, the width W2 of the feed structure 32 is set according to the axial ratio of the antenna main body 3. Specifically, the wider the width W2 of the feed structure 32, the larger the axial ratio; the narrower the width W2 of the feed structure 32, the smaller the axial ratio. And the wider the width W2 of the feed structure 32, the larger the amount of change in the axial ratio.
As shown in fig. 36, in a specific experimental test one, the width W2 of the feeding unit 321 of the feeding structure 32 was 1mm, and the axial ratio of the antenna main body 3 was 0.68.
As shown in fig. 37, in the second experimental test, the width W2 of the feeding unit 321 of the feeding structure 32 was 2mm, and the axial ratio of the antenna main body 3 was 0.79.
As shown in fig. 38, in a specific experimental test three, the width W2 of the feeding unit 321 of the feeding structure 32 was 3mm, and the axial ratio of the antenna main body 3 was 2.0.
As shown in fig. 39, in the embodiment of the present invention, the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 is changed by adjusting the area of the loading structure 33; wherein the smaller the area of the loading structure 33, the center frequency moves towards high frequency; the larger the area of the loading structure 33, the lower the center frequency moves. Specifically, the loading unit 331 is substantially in an "L" shape, and includes a supporting portion 3311 and a connecting portion 3312, one end of the supporting portion 3311 is connected to the antenna radiation structure 31, the other end of the supporting portion 3311 is connected to the connecting portion 3312, the connecting portion 3312 is fixed on the substrate 1, and the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 is changed by adjusting the area of the connecting portion 3312. The shape of the second limiting hole is substantially the same as the shape of the connecting portion 3312.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the connecting portion 3312 has a first side edge and a second side edge which are disposed opposite to each other, and two third side edges disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first side edge is connected to the supporting portion 3311, one end of each of the two third side edges is connected to both ends of the first side edge, and the other end of each of the two third side edges is connected to both ends of the second side edge through two oblique edges. The area of the connecting portion 3312 can be adjusted by changing the length of the third side.
As shown in fig. 40, in a specific experimental test one, the length L2 of the third side was 3.3mm, and the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 was 1.602GHz.
As shown in fig. 41, in a specific experimental test two, the length L2 of the third side was 3.4mm, and the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 was 1.589GHz.
As shown in fig. 42, in a specific experimental test three, the length L2 of the third side was 3.5mm, and the center frequency of the antenna main body 3 was 1.562GHz.
Embodiment two: the invention provides a manufacturing method of a GNSS antenna, which comprises the following steps: stamping to form at least one antenna body 3; the antenna body 3 includes an antenna radiation structure 31 and a feed structure 32; injection molding at least one limit bracket 2; at least one limiting bracket 2 is fixed on the substrate 1, the feeding structure 32 is fixed on the substrate 1 by limiting the at least one antenna main body 3 through the limiting bracket 2, and the antenna radiation structure 31 is supported on the limiting bracket 2. The specific structure and working principle of the GNSS antenna in this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will not be described here again.
According to the manufacturing method of the GNSS antenna, at least one antenna main body 3 is processed in a stamping mode, at least one limiting bracket 2 is formed in an injection molding mode, and the limiting bracket 2 is fixed on the substrate 1, so that the limiting bracket 2 is used for limiting the antenna main body 3, the feed structure 32 is accurately fixed on the substrate 1, deformation and displacement of the antenna main body 3 in the process of being assembled with the substrate 1 are avoided, the quality is stable, the yield is improved, and the assembly efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the spacing bracket 2 is injection molded separately. The plurality of limiting brackets 2 and the plurality of antenna main bodies 3 are fixed on the plurality of substrates 1, comprising the following steps: fixing a plurality of limit brackets 2 on a plurality of base plates 1; the feed structure 32 of the plurality of antenna bodies 3 is inserted into the first limiting hole structures 22 of the plurality of limiting brackets 2 and fixed on the plurality of substrates 1, and the antenna radiation structures 31 of the plurality of antenna bodies 3 are clamped in the limiting clamping groove structures 21 of the plurality of limiting brackets 2. The limiting support 2 is fixed on the substrate 1, so that the antenna main body 3 is installed and positioned by the limiting support 2, deformation and displacement of the antenna main body 3 in the process of assembling the antenna main body with the substrate 1 are avoided, the quality is more stable, and the improvement of the yield is facilitated.
In other embodiments of the invention, the spacing bracket 2 is injection molded onto the antenna body 3. The plurality of limiting brackets 2 and the plurality of antenna main bodies 3 are fixed on the plurality of substrates 1, comprising the following steps: the antenna main body 3 is placed in the injection mold, so that a plurality of limit brackets 2 are injection molded on the antenna main body 3, the antenna radiation structure 31 of the antenna main body 3 is embedded into the limit brackets 2, and the antenna main body 3 and the limit brackets 2 are combined more firmly.
Wherein the press forming of the at least one antenna body 3 comprises the steps of: stamping at least one metal strip into at least one braid; the braid comprises a plurality of antenna bodies 3 and a connecting band, and the plurality of antenna bodies 3 are connected through the connecting band; the plurality of antenna bodies 3 are separated from the connection band. The metal strips are manufactured into the braid in a stamping mode, the connecting strips are used for connecting the plurality of antenna main bodies 3, the structural stability of the antenna main bodies 3 is improved, and the antenna main bodies 3 are prevented from deforming and shifting before being assembled. Thus facilitating mass production of GNSS antennas.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the antenna radiation structure 31 is a frame-like structure; the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps: adjusting the rim width of the antenna radiation structure 31 to change the axial ratio of the antenna body 3 and the center frequency of the antenna body 3; wherein, the narrower the frame edge width of the antenna radiation structure 31 is, the larger the axial ratio is and the center frequency moves toward low frequency; the wider the frame side width of the antenna radiation structure 31 is, the smaller the axial ratio is and the center frequency shifts to a high frequency.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a corner portion of the antenna radiation structure 31 is provided with a corner cutting structure; the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps: adjusting the trimming length of the corner cutting structure to change the axial ratio of the antenna main body 3 and the center frequency of the antenna main body 3; wherein, the shorter the trimming length of the antenna radiation structure 31 is, the smaller the axial ratio is and the center frequency moves toward high frequency; the longer the length of the cut edge of the antenna radiation structure 31, the larger the axial ratio and the center frequency moves toward a low frequency.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises the steps of: the shorter the trimming length is adjusted to change the axial ratio of the antenna main body 3; wherein the wider the width of the feed structure 32, the greater the axial ratio; the narrower the width of the feed structure 32, the smaller the axial ratio.
In the embodiment of the invention, the antenna main body 3 further comprises a loading structure 33, the limiting bracket 2 is provided with a second limiting hole structure 23, and the loading structure 33 is arranged in the second limiting hole structure 23 in a penetrating way and is connected with the antenna radiation structure 31 and the substrate 1; the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps: adjusting the area of the loading structure 33 to change the center frequency of the antenna main body 3; wherein the smaller the area of the loading structure 33, the center frequency moves towards high frequency; the larger the area of the loading structure 33, the lower the center frequency moves.
The foregoing is merely a few embodiments of the present invention and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or alterations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the disclosure herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (18)
1. A method of manufacturing a GNSS antenna, comprising the steps of:
forming at least one antenna body (3) by stamping; the antenna main body (3) comprises an antenna radiation structure (31), a feed structure (32) and a loading structure (33);
injection molding at least one limit bracket (2);
at least one limiting support (2) is fixed on a substrate (1), the feeding structure (32) is fixed on the substrate (1) by limiting at least one antenna main body (3) through the limiting support (2), and the antenna radiation structure (31) is supported on the limiting support (2).
2. The method for manufacturing the GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the limit bracket (2) is provided with a limit clamping groove structure (21) and a first limit hole structure (22); the method for fixing the plurality of limit brackets (2) and the plurality of antenna bodies (3) on the plurality of base plates (1) comprises the following steps:
fixing a plurality of limit brackets (2) on a plurality of base plates (1);
the feed structure (32) of the antenna main body (3) is penetrated in the first limiting hole structure (22) of the limiting brackets (2) and fixed on the base plate (1), and the antenna radiation structure (31) of the antenna main body (3) is clamped in the limiting clamping groove structure (21) of the limiting brackets (2).
3. The method of manufacturing a GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterised in that the antenna radiating structure (31) is a frame-like structure; the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps:
adjusting the frame edge width of the antenna radiation structure (31) to change the axial ratio of the antenna main body (3) and the center frequency of the antenna main body (3);
wherein the narrower the frame edge width of the antenna radiation structure (31), the larger the axial ratio and the lower the center frequency is moved; the wider the frame side width of the antenna radiation structure (31), the smaller the axial ratio and the center frequency is shifted to a high frequency.
4. The method of manufacturing a GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the corner portions of the antenna radiating structure (31) are provided with a chamfer structure; the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps:
adjusting the trimming length of the corner cutting structure to change the axial ratio of the antenna main body (3) and the center frequency of the antenna main body (3);
wherein the shorter the trimming length of the chamfer structure is, the smaller the axial ratio is and the center frequency is shifted to a high frequency; the longer the cut length of the chamfer structure, the greater the axial ratio and the lower the center frequency shift.
5. The method of manufacturing a GNSS antenna of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
-adjusting the width of the feed structure (32) to change the axial ratio of the antenna body (3);
wherein the wider the width of the feed structure (32), the greater the axial ratio; the narrower the width of the feed structure (32), the smaller the axial ratio.
6. The method of manufacturing a GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna body (3) further comprises a loading structure (33), the spacing bracket (2) is provided with a second spacing hole structure (23), the loading structure (33) is arranged in the second spacing hole structure (23) in a penetrating way and connects the antenna radiation structure (31) with the substrate (1); the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps:
-adjusting the area of the loading structure (33) to change the center frequency of the antenna body (3);
wherein the smaller the area of the loading structure (33), the center frequency is shifted to a high frequency; the larger the area of the loading structure (33), the lower the center frequency is shifted.
7. A GNSS antenna, comprising:
a substrate (1);
at least one limit bracket (2) fixed on the base plate (1);
at least one antenna main body (3), including antenna radiation structure (31), feed structure (32) and loading structure (33), antenna radiation structure (31) be supported in on spacing support (2), feed structure (32) with loading structure (33) all connect base plate (1) with antenna radiation structure (31), spacing support (2) can be right antenna main body (3) are spacing.
8. The GNSS antenna of claim 7,
the limiting support (2) is provided with a limiting clamping groove structure (21) and a first limiting hole structure (22), the antenna radiation structure (31) is clamped in the limiting clamping groove structure (21), and the feed structure (32) is arranged in the first limiting hole structure (22) in a penetrating mode.
9. The GNSS antenna of claim 8,
the antenna radiation structure (31) comprises a radiation outer frame (311) and a radiation half frame (312), wherein two ends of the radiation half frame (312) are connected with the inner edges of two adjacent side edges of the radiation outer frame (311) and are enclosed to form a radiation inner frame;
wherein the frame side widths of the radiation outer frame (311) and the radiation half frame (312) are set according to the axial ratio of the antenna main body (3) and the center frequency of the antenna main body (3).
10. The GNSS antenna of claim 9,
the inner edge of at least one corner part of the radiation outer frame (311) is provided with a corresponding internally tangent angle structure (5); and/or the outer edge of at least one corner part of the radiation outer frame (311) is provided with a corresponding external corner structure (4);
wherein the trimming lengths of the internal cutting angle structure (5) and the external cutting angle structure (4) are set according to the axial ratio of the antenna main body (3) and the center frequency of the antenna main body (3).
11. The GNSS antenna of claim 9,
the feed structure (32) comprises at least one feed unit (321), the first limiting hole structure (22) comprises at least one first limiting hole, the feed unit (321) is arranged close to the corner part of the half frame, one end of the feed unit (321) is connected with the radiation half frame (312), and the other end of the feed unit (321) penetrates through the first limiting hole to be connected with the substrate (1).
12. The GNSS antenna of claim 11,
the number of the feed units (321) and the number of the first limit holes are one; or alternatively
The number of the feed units (321) and the number of the first limiting holes are even, the even number of the feed units (321) are arranged in the even number of the first limiting holes in a penetrating mode, a combining structure is mounted on the substrate (1), and the combining structure is connected with the even number of the feed units (321).
13. The GNSS antenna of claim 9,
the limiting support (2) is further provided with a second limiting hole structure (23), and the loading structure (33) penetrates through the second limiting hole structure (23) and is connected with the antenna radiation structure (31) and the substrate (1).
14. The GNSS antenna of claim 13,
the loading structure (33) comprises at least one loading unit (331), the second limiting hole structure (23) comprises at least one second limiting hole, one end of the loading unit (331) is connected with the radiation outer frame (311), and the other end of the loading unit (331) penetrates through the second limiting hole to be connected with the substrate (1).
15. The GNSS antenna of claim 14,
the loading unit (331) is connected with the corner part of the radiation outer frame (311) or is arranged close to the corner part of the radiation outer frame (311).
16. The GNSS antenna of claim 7,
the limit bracket (2) is formed through an injection molding process; the antenna body (3) is integrally formed by metal strips in a stamping mode.
17. The GNSS antenna of any of the claims 7 to 16, wherein,
the number of the antenna main bodies (3) is multiple, the heights of the antenna main bodies (3) are different, and the antenna radiation structures (31) of the antenna main bodies (3) are sequentially fixed on the substrate (1) from low to high.
18. The GNSS antenna of claim 17,
the antenna radiation structures (31) of the plurality of antenna bodies (3) are different in outer outline size, and the antenna radiation structures (31) of the plurality of antenna bodies (3) are sequentially arranged above the substrate (1) from outside to inside.
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| CN202410208755.4A CN117791087A (en) | 2024-02-26 | 2024-02-26 | GNSS antenna and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN202410208755.4A CN117791087A (en) | 2024-02-26 | 2024-02-26 | GNSS antenna and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN117477213A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-01-30 | 中国铁塔股份有限公司 | Wall-attached antenna |
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| CN107464999A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-12 | 江苏骅盛车用电子股份有限公司 | The broadband monopole antenna and its signal coupling process of double coupled multiple frequency sections |
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| CN110676561A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2020-01-10 | 江苏亨鑫科技有限公司 | Radiating element and antenna of ultra-wideband dual-polarized LTE antenna |
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