CN117787015B - Green loss reduction control method and system for coal resource exploitation - Google Patents
Green loss reduction control method and system for coal resource exploitation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a green loss reduction control method and system for coal resource exploitation, wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing a rock stratum theoretical control equation, and establishing a theoretical target and an engineering actual target based on the rock stratum theoretical control equation; establishing a control criterion based on the theoretical target and the engineering actual target, and establishing an engineering target for controlling the roof strata based on the control criterion; based on an engineering target controlled by the roof strata, acquiring a movement rule of the roof strata according to model experiments, field measurement and numerical simulation, and determining the time and space size of roof fissures and separation layers; based on the time and space generated by roof cracks and separation layers, corresponding control technology is adopted for controlling roof strata aiming at different places and time, so that earth surface subsidence is realized. The invention can lighten and slow down the movement intensity of the overlying strata and reduce the movement space of the strata, thereby reducing the damage of the strata and the earth surface environment caused by mining, realizing green mining and protecting the ecological environment of mining areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal exploitation, and particularly relates to a green loss reduction control method and system for coal resource exploitation.
Background
At present, the common method for coal mining in China is a longwall mining method, after the longwall mining working face is mined, a rock-covered roof naturally collapses, a collapse zone, a fracture zone and a bending subsidence zone are formed from bottom to top on a rock layer above a coal bed, and finally the rock layer is damaged and broken, the rock layer and the earth surface are subsided, so that various environmental problems such as earth surface subsidence, underground water loss, water and soil loss and the like are generated. In view of the above, the invention provides a green loss reduction control method and system for coal resource exploitation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the green loss reduction control method and system for coal resource exploitation, which can lighten and slow down the movement intensity of overlying strata and reduce the movement space of the strata, thereby reducing the damage to strata and the earth surface environment caused by mining, realizing green exploitation and protecting the ecological environment of mining areas.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the green loss reduction control method for coal resource exploitation comprises the following steps:
establishing a stratum theory control equation, and establishing a theoretical target and an engineering actual target based on the stratum theory control equation;
Establishing control criteria based on the theoretical target and the engineering actual target, and establishing an engineering target for roof strata control based on the control criteria;
Based on the engineering target controlled by the roof strata, acquiring a movement rule of the roof strata according to model experiments, field measurement and numerical simulation, and determining the time and space size generated by roof fissures and separation layers;
based on the time and space generated by the roof fissure and the separation layer, corresponding control technology is adopted for controlling the roof strata aiming at different places and time, so that the earth surface subsidence is realized.
Preferably, the method for establishing a formation theoretical control equation comprises:
Defining a damage coefficient K 1、K2、K3, establishing a relation among a surface subsidence damage variable, a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable and a collapse gangue crushing expansion variable which are caused by mining, and determining a control equation of the relation among the damage coefficients, namely a rock stratum theory control equation:
K1+K2+K3=1，
Wherein K 1=V1/V is a crushing expansion variable of the caving gangue caused by mining; k 2=V2/V is a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable caused by mining; k 3=V3/V is a variable of surface subsidence damage caused by mining; v 1 is the void volume of crushed and expanded rock mass in the subsidence zone, V 2 is the separation layer and fracture volume in the overburden fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone, V 3 is the surface subsidence volume, and V is the volume of coal produced.
Preferably, the theoretical objective is: under ideal conditions, K 1 =1 or K 1+K2 =1, namely, completely filling a goaf after crushing and expanding a caving roof rock mass, or not fully filling but not transmitting a produced roof separation layer to the ground surface, and not sinking the ground surface;
The engineering practical targets are as follows: according to the difference of the positions of the ground surface, the allowable subsidence amount of the ground surface is judged, when the allowable subsidence amount of the ground surface reaches the allowable critical subsidence amount, the roof separation layer or the goaf is processed through a control technology, so that the subsidence control of the ground surface is realized, and the subsidence amount of the ground surface does not exceed the critical value.
Preferably, the engineering goal of roof strata control is: when the earth surface corresponds to a building land, the subsidence X 1 allowed by the earth surface is realized; the allowable surface subsidence amount of the surface is X 2 when the surface corresponds to a field, and the allowable surface subsidence amount of the surface is X 3 when the surface corresponds to a mountain.
Preferably, the method for determining the time and space of roof fracture and separation layer generation comprises the following steps of:
Establishing a coal seam mining physical experiment model based on similar materials, and simulating the caving process of a goaf, the delamination process of a top plate and the movement process of the top plate to obtain a model experiment result;
On-site measurement K 1、K2、K3 is carried out to obtain deformation of roof separation layers, cracks and crushed and expanded caving gangue, namely on-site actual measurement results;
Respectively simulating the influences of the thickness of the coal bed, the burial depth of the coal and the distribution of roof strata on the surface subsidence by a controlled variable method to obtain a numerical simulation result which is the relation between the factors of the thickness of the coal bed, the burial depth of the coal bed and the distribution of roof strata of the goaf and the surface subsidence;
and analyzing the model experiment result, the on-site actual measurement result and the numerical simulation result to obtain the time and space size generated by the separation layer of the goaf caving rock mass, the crack zone separation layer, the crack and the subsidence of the earth surface under certain conditions.
Preferably, the method for controlling the roof strata by adopting corresponding control technology aiming at different places and time comprises the following steps:
Controlling the collapse height and the crushing expansion degree of the rock mass in a certain area by a roof directional cutting method, so that the mining space is fully filled;
The hydraulic support is regulated and controlled, so that the crushing expansion coefficient of the roof after the roof collapses is increased, and the crushing expansion characteristic of roof rock after the roof collapses fills the mining space;
grouting the goaf through ground drilling holes, and filling gaps among broken rock bodies;
grouting is carried out on the roof separation layer position through the ground drilling hole, and the roof separation layer movement is blocked.
The invention also discloses a green loss reduction control system for coal resource exploitation, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a control equation construction module, a control criterion construction module, an engineering data acquisition module and a control measure taking module;
The control equation construction module is used for establishing a stratum theory control equation, and establishing a theoretical target and an engineering actual target based on the stratum theory control equation;
The control criterion construction module is used for establishing a control criterion based on the theoretical target and the engineering actual target, and establishing an engineering target for controlling the roof strata based on the control criterion;
the engineering data acquisition module is used for acquiring the movement rule of the roof strata based on the engineering target controlled by the roof strata according to model experiments, field measurement and numerical simulation, and determining the time and space size of roof fissures and separation layers;
The control measure taking module is used for controlling the roof strata according to the time and space generated by the roof fissures and the separation layers and adopting corresponding control technologies aiming at different places and time so as to realize earth surface subsidence reduction.
Preferably, the process of establishing a formation theoretical control equation includes:
Defining a damage coefficient K 1、K2、K3, establishing a relation among a surface subsidence damage variable, a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable and a collapse gangue crushing expansion variable which are caused by mining, and determining a control equation of the relation among the damage coefficients, namely a rock stratum theory control equation:
K1+K2+K3=1，
Wherein K 1=V1/V is a crushing expansion variable of the caving gangue caused by mining; k 2=V2/V is a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable caused by mining; k 3=V3/V is a variable of surface subsidence damage caused by mining; v 1 is the void volume of crushed and expanded rock mass in the subsidence zone, V 2 is the separation layer and fracture volume in the overburden fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone, V 3 is the surface subsidence volume, and V is the volume of coal produced.
Preferably, the theoretical objective is: under ideal conditions, K 1 =1 or K 1+K2 =1, namely, completely filling a goaf after crushing and expanding a caving roof rock mass, or not fully filling but not transmitting a produced roof separation layer to the ground surface, and not sinking the ground surface;
The engineering practical targets are as follows: according to the difference of the positions of the ground surface, the allowable subsidence amount of the ground surface is judged, when the allowable subsidence amount of the ground surface reaches the allowable critical subsidence amount, the roof separation layer or the goaf is processed through a control technology, so that the subsidence control of the ground surface is realized, and the subsidence amount of the ground surface does not exceed the critical value.
Preferably, the engineering goal of roof strata control is: when the earth surface corresponds to a building land, the subsidence X 1 allowed by the earth surface is realized; the allowable surface subsidence amount of the surface is X 2 when the surface corresponds to a field, and the allowable surface subsidence amount of the surface is X 3 when the surface corresponds to a mountain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention provides a green loss reduction control method and a system for coal resource exploitation, which are used for establishing a theoretical target and an engineering actual target based on a rock stratum theoretical control equation by establishing the rock stratum theoretical control equation; establishing control criteria based on the theoretical target and the engineering actual target, and establishing an engineering target for roof strata control based on the control criteria; based on the engineering target controlled by the roof strata, acquiring a movement rule of the roof strata according to model experiments, field measurement and numerical simulation, and determining the time and space size generated by roof fissures and separation layers; based on the time and space generated by the roof fissure and the separation layer, corresponding control technology is adopted for controlling the roof strata aiming at different places and time, so that the earth surface subsidence is realized. The invention can lighten and slow down the movement intensity of the overlying strata and reduce the movement space of the strata, thereby reducing the damage of the strata and the earth surface environment caused by mining, realizing green mining and protecting the ecological environment of mining areas.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main steps of a green abatement control method for coal resource exploitation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a formation structure before coal seam mining;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of subsidence of the earth caused by incomplete filling of the mined-out area with a caving rock mass after mining of the coal seam;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the damage volume of a subsidence zone, a fracture zone, and a bending subsidence zone;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the top panel lancing technique impact area;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a stent conditioning technique impact zone;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of complete filling of a goaf after crushing and expanding of a collapsed rock mass;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of goaf grouting to subside the earth;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of roof delamination grouting to subside the earth surface;
Description of the drawings: v 1 -void volume of crushed and expanded rock mass in a collapse zone, V 2 -separation layer and crack volume in a cover rock crack zone and a bending subsidence zone, V 3 -ground subsidence volume, V-volume of coal produced, D-roof lancing control area and E-bracket adjustment control area.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
The invention provides a green loss reduction control method for coal resource exploitation, which adopts the following principle: based on the principle that the volume of mined coal and the total volume of rock stratum damage space caused by mining are equal, when coal mining is carried out, roof rock mass collapses and fills a goaf after crushing and expanding are generated, the rock stratum in a certain range of the roof generates separation layers and cracks, and the earth surface can sink. Regardless of the mining conditions, various damages are caused by the coal seam mining, so that the sum of the void volume among the caving rock bodies of the goaf, the roof separation layer, the fracture volume and the subsurface subsidence volume is a fixed value, namely the volume of the mined coal. Based on this, an equivalent equation for the volumes of the mining space and the formation damage space can be established: v 1+V2+V3 = V. Wherein V 1 is the void volume of crushed and expanded rock mass in a collapse zone, V 2 is the separation layer and crack volume in a cover rock crack zone and a bending subsidence zone, V 3 is the surface subsidence volume, and V is the volume of coal produced. Further converting the obtained product to obtain K 1+K2+K3 =1, wherein K 1 is a crushed gangue expansion variable caused by mining, K 2 is a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable caused by mining, and K 3 is a surface subsidence damage variable caused by mining. When K 1 =1 or K 1+K2 =1, K 3 =0, the surface subsidence amount is 0, which means that the damage to the surface caused by the mining space is nearly eliminated, which is the theoretical target followed by the method.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating main steps of a green loss control method for coal resource exploitation, and fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating damage volumes of a collapse zone, a fracture zone and a bending subsidence zone. As shown in fig. 1, the overall thought of the green loss reduction control method for coal resource exploitation provided by the invention is as follows:
Based on the mining volume invariant equation: v 1+V2+V3 = V, defining a damage coefficient K 1、K2、K3, establishing a relation between a ground subsidence damage variable caused by mining and a fracture damage variable of a fracture zone rock layer caused by mining and a collapse and expansion damage variable caused by mining, and establishing a ground subsidence optimization calculation formula, wherein the calculation formula for determining the relation between the damage coefficients is as follows:
K1+K2+K3=1
Wherein K 1=V1/V is a crushing expansion variable of the caving gangue caused by mining; k 2=V2/V is a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable caused by mining; k 3=V3/V is a variable of surface subsidence damage caused by mining; v 1 is the void volume of crushed and expanded rock mass in the subsidence zone, V 2 is the separation layer and fracture volume in the overburden fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone, V 3 is the surface subsidence volume, and V is the volume of coal produced.
And establishing a theoretical target and an engineering actual target based on a calculation equation between the damage relations. The theoretical goal is that under ideal conditions, K 1+K2 =1, namely, the roof separation layer generated by cutting roof caving waste rock crushed and expanded fully filling the goaf or insufficient filling is not transmitted to the ground surface any more, and the ground surface is not sunk. The actual target of the engineering is different according to the position of the earth surface, the permitted subsidence amount of the earth surface is different, and when the permitted subsidence amount of the earth surface is required to be reached, the roof separation layer and the goaf can be processed by the control technology, so that the subsidence of the earth surface is reduced.
S1, establishing a control equation, determining a theoretical target of roof strata control, and providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent steps. Through the relation equation between K 1 and K 2, K 3 and K 1, when K 2 is the sum of the fracture damage variable of the fracture zone rock stratum caused by mining and K 1 is 1, the ground surface subsidence amount is zero, namely, the ground surface subsidence amount V 3 =0 is enabled by adjusting the gap V 1、V2 generated by the gap between the fracture expansion of the gangue and the roof separation caused by mining. The top plate can have a dual-purpose state: one is that the roof board does not sink, and the goaf is fully filled by utilizing the crushing expansion of the caving gangue; the other is that the roof generates a separation layer, and the goaf gap and the roof separation layer gap are treated by adopting a control technology, so that the earth surface is not sunk, and the green balance exploitation is realized.
S2, determining engineering targets for roof strata control according to control criteria established by local conditions according to different requirements of the corresponding earth surfaces of different mining positions. When the earth surface corresponds to a building land, the allowable subsidence amount of the earth surface is X 1; when the land surface corresponds to a field, the allowable surface subsidence amount of the land surface is X 2, and when the land surface corresponds to a mountain land, the allowable surface subsidence amount of the land surface is X 3. Classifying the soil according to different sinking parameter indexes, wherein the classifying indexes are respectively the ground sinking range, ground sinking amount, sinking speed, tangential angle and tangential angle change rate.
S21, establishing control criteria according to local conditions due to different requirements of the geographical position where mining is located. When the earth surface corresponds to a building land, the allowable subsidence amount of the earth surface is X 1; when the land surface corresponds to a field, the allowable surface subsidence amount of the land surface is X 2, and when the land surface corresponds to a mountain area, the allowable surface subsidence amount of the land surface is X 3, and according to a calculation equation of the damage coefficient, K 2 and K 3 in three land surface states can be adjusted to enable K 2＋K1 =Ks. When the surface deformation allowed by the surface is V', ks= (V-Vx)/V. Wherein K 2 is a fracture damage variable of a fracture zone rock stratum caused by mining, K 1 is a collapse gangue crushing expansion damage variable caused by mining, ks is a damage deformation caused by underground mining, V is a total deformation caused by mining, and Vx is a damage deformation allowed by the ground surface.
S22, classifying the ground surface according to different parameter indexes based on different ground surface requirements, wherein the classification indexes are respectively the ground surface subsidence range, the ground surface subsidence amount, the subsidence speed, the tangential angle and the tangential angle change rate. The amount of subsurface subsidence is the subsurface subsidence caused by mining; the sinking speed is that the sinking speed of the ground surface is high, the sinking speed of the ground surface is related to factors such as the burial depth of a mineral deposit and the lithology of an upper roof, and when the burial depth of a coal seam is high and the lithology of the upper roof is high, the sinking speed of the ground surface is relatively low; the tangential angle is the included angle between the tangential line of the slope and the horizontal direction caused by the subsidence of the earth surface; the tangential angle change rate is the speed of the tangential angle change speed. And limiting various indexes based on different surface requirements. When the earth surface corresponds to a building land, the allowable subsidence amount of the earth surface is X 1; when the land surface corresponds to a field, the allowable surface subsidence amount of the land surface is X 2, and when the land surface corresponds to a mountain land, the allowable surface subsidence amount of the land surface is X 3.
The limits on the amount of variation in the subsurface subsidence are as follows:
When the earth surface corresponds to a building land, the allowable sinking range of the earth surface is M 1; when the land surface corresponds to a field, the allowable surface subsidence range of the land surface is M 2, and when the land surface corresponds to a mountain land, the allowable surface subsidence range of the land surface is M 3.
The limits on the subsurface subsidence range are as follows:
when the earth surface corresponds to a building land, the allowed earth surface subsidence damage variable is K 31; when the land corresponds to the field, the allowable surface subsidence damage variable is K 32, and when the land corresponds to the mountain, the allowable surface subsidence damage variable is K 33.
The limits on the amount of variation in the subsurface subsidence are as follows:
S3, acquiring a movement rule of the roof strata according to model experiments, field measurement and numerical simulation, and determining the time and space size generated by roof cracks, separation layers and the like to provide basic data for subsequent roof strata control. The key to making the subsurface subsidence amount 0 is to make K 1+K2 =1, i.e. V 1+V2 =v, where V 3 =0, and the engineering data acquisition method is as follows: ① Through a model experiment, the caving process of the goaf, the separation process of the top plate and the movement process thereof are simulated by establishing a model. ② Through on-site measurement, K 1 is a variable of crushing, expanding and damaging of the caving gangue caused by mining, belongs to the field surface measurement, and can be used for measuring the ground surface subsidence y by adopting a level gauge, a total station, an indium steel ruler and the like, and meanwhile, the ground surface subsidence range M is also measured at any time. K 2 is a fracture damage variable of a fracture zone rock stratum caused by mining, K 3 is a subsidence damage variable of the earth surface caused by mining, and for measuring the crushing expansion deformation of the roof separation layer and the caving gangue, a plurality of groups of drill holes can be drilled on the earth surface corresponding to the goaf, and the deformation of the roof separation layer and the crushing expansion deformation of the caving gangue can be obtained by adopting optical fiber drill holes, magnetic ring dynamic sensing technology and the like. ③ The numerical simulation experiment is to simulate the influence of the thickness of coal, the burial depth of coal and the distribution of the goaf roof strata on the surface subsidence through a controlled variable method, and further obtain the relation between the thickness of coal, the burial depth of coal and the distribution of the goaf roof strata and the surface subsidence. Simulating different coal thicknesses, mining area burial depths and distribution of rock formations above the goaf, obtaining the value of V 1、V2、V3 under different conditions, and further obtaining K 1、K2、K3.
S31, a model experiment mainly comprises that after roof cutting, a roof is collapsed to fill a goaf, roof separation is sunk, the separation is transferred to the ground surface, and finally the ground surface is sunk to cause environmental damage, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rock stratum structure before coal seam mining, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of ground surface sunk caused by incomplete filling of a goaf by a collapsed rock body after coal seam mining, and fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of damage volumes of a collapse zone, a fracture zone and a bending subsidence zone. The three process diagrams show the full simulation process of subsidence to the ground surface under the condition that the roof cutting collapses the gangue to fully fill the goaf.
S32, when in-situ measurement is carried out, the in-situ measurement target is K 1、K2、K3,K3, which belongs to the field measurement, and a level gauge, a total station, an indium steel ruler and the like can be adopted to measure the ground subsidence y, and meanwhile, the ground subsidence range M is also measured at any time. The underground measurement comprises measurement of a roof separation layer and measurement of crushing expansion deformation of the caving gangue, and for the measurement of the crushing expansion deformation of the roof separation layer and the caving gangue, a plurality of groups of holes are drilled on the ground surface corresponding to the goaf, and the deformation of the roof separation layer and the crushing expansion deformation of the caving gangue are obtained by adopting optical fiber drilling, magnetic ring dynamic sensing technology and the like, and are uniformly distributed in the subsidence range of the ground surface when the holes are drilled.
S33, the thickness of the coal, the burial depth of the coal and the distribution of roof strata in a mining area have important influence on whether the surface subsidence amount can be influenced finally, when the depth and the distribution of the roof strata are fixed, the influence of the thickness of the coal layer on the damage deformation amount in each place can be simulated numerically, and similarly, when the distribution of the thickness and the distribution of the coal strata is fixed, the mining area in different burial depths can be simulated, and the influence of the coal layers in different thicknesses, different burial depths and different strata on the damage deformation amount can be obtained.
And simulating the distribution of certain fixed burial depth and roof strata, the filling degree of the caving gangue under different coal thickness conditions, the deformation of the roof separation layer of the coal seam and the subsidence of the earth surface by using numerical simulation software. And similarly, simulating the influence of the depth of burial of the coal and the distribution of the goaf roof strata on the surface subsidence amount respectively to further obtain the relation between the thickness of the coal, the depth of burial of the coal and the distribution of the goaf roof strata and the surface subsidence amount.
When the goaf collapses and the gangue is crushed and expanded and is not fully filled in the goaf, the deeper the coal seam is buried, the larger the ground pressure born by the top plate is, the more separation layer is easily generated on the top plate, and the more objective factors are born on the earth surface.
The distribution of the roof strata in the goaf can have a great influence on the surface subsidence. Firstly, the crushed and expanded characteristics of the caving gangue with different lithologies are different after roof cutting, and the filling degree of the goaf can be influenced. Secondly, the situations of roof boards with different lithologies generating separation layers are different, and when the integrity and strength of roof strata are high, the deformation of the roof boards generated by the roof boards can be relatively small, and the subsidence of the earth surface can be changed.
And S4, based on the obtained basic data, adopting corresponding control technology for controlling the roof strata aiming at different places and time so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the earth surface subsidence. In order to make the ground subsidence amount be 0, the void volume of the roof separation layer and the goaf caving gangue can be controlled so as to meet the requirement of K 1＋K2=1,K3 =0, namely V 1+V2=V,V3 =0, and the control technology is as follows: ① By controlling the height and the angle of the cutting roof, the goaf can be completely filled after the crushed and expanded caving gangue, at the moment, the roof does not generate a separation layer, and the ground surface subsidence is 0. ② By regulating and controlling the support, the crushing and expanding characteristics of the roof after the roof collapses are increased, and the crushing and expanding characteristics of roof rocks after the roof collapses are fully exerted to fill the goaf. ③ When the roof is separated, the roof separation is blocked by grouting the roof separation part separation layer, so that the roof separation movement cannot influence the ground surface. ④ And grouting goaf cracks after the goaf roof rock stratum collapses to fill the goaf, wherein at the moment, K 2 and K 3 are both 0, the roof does not generate separation layers, and the earth surface does not generate subsidence.
The roof strata separation grouting and the goaf grouting are both through drilling holes in the ground surface, and the roof strata separation grouting is through cutting off the separation transmission process, so that the ground surface is reduced. Goaf grouting is to control the source to adjust the deformation of the earth surface.
In the control process, the key point and time of control are definitely controlled; for the control of cutting roof and crushing expansion, the control emphasis is on the adjustment of cutting roof height and angle; when the support is regulated and controlled, the key position is positioned on the middle top plate, so that the crushed and expanded gangue in the middle is fully crushed and expanded, and the top plate is prevented from sinking to generate a separation layer. The key points of the separation layer grouting and goaf grouting are the drilling of holes in the ground surface.
S41, determining the roof cutting heights according to the lithology of roof rock layers and roof cutting caving gangue and the volume of the goaf to be filled, wherein the filling conditions of the goaf are different, and the goaf is completely filled by the caving gangue of the goaf through the crushing expansibility. The reasonable roof cutting height design can fully utilize the crushing and expanding characteristics of the rock, so that the crushed rock completely fills the goaf, at the moment, K 1=1,K2+K3 =0, namely V 1=V,V2=V3 =0, as shown in fig. 5, the earth surface does not sink, and the environmental protection is realized.
S42, when the support is located at different positions and the strength of the support is different, the crushing and expanding characteristics of roof rocks after the roof rocks collapse are also different, in order to enable the roof to be crushed fully and fill the goaf fully, the strength of the roof at the middle part of the goaf is increased after the roof is crushed fully, rock strata at the middle part of the goaf after the roof collapses are crushed fully, and the utilization of the crushing and expanding characteristics of the roof is increased, wherein K 1=1,K2+K3 =0, namely V 1=V,V2=V3 =0, is shown in fig. 5, so that the purposes of environmental protection and earth surface subsidence reduction are achieved, and the aim of achieving the purposes of protecting the environment and reducing the earth surface subsidence is fulfilled, as shown in fig. 6.
And S43, after the goaf roof is collapsed, in order to prevent the goaf from being fully filled and influencing the ground surface, a drilling hole is drilled at a position corresponding to the ground surface above the goaf to prevent the goaf from collapsing the gangue, and grouting is carried out at a gap in the goaf by utilizing the fluidity of fluid, wherein at the moment, K 1=1,K2=K3 =0, namely V 1=V,V2=V3 =0, as shown in fig. 7, the ground surface subsidence is realized from the root, and the environment is protected as shown in fig. 8.
And S44, after the roof rock stratum of the goaf collapses stably, the roof is separated from the goaf due to insufficient filling of the goaf, at the moment, drilling holes are drilled in the subsidence range of the earth surface, grouting is carried out on the roof separation to realize the blocking of the path of the separation layer transmitted to the earth surface, and at the moment, K 3=0,K1+K2 =1, namely V 1+V2=V,V3 =0, achieves the aims of earth surface subsidence and environmental protection, as shown in fig. 9.
S41, S42 and S43 are all formed by adjusting the goaf, and S31 and S32 are formed by improving the crushing and expanding characteristics of the caving gangue, so that the graph is finally shown in the seventh figure. S43, grouting is carried out on the goaf so as to reduce or eliminate the generation of roof separation layers, and therefore earth surface subsidence is reduced. S44 is to block the transmission of the delamination movement by grouting the delamination.
Example two
The invention also discloses a green loss reduction control system for coal resource exploitation, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a control equation construction module, a control criterion construction module, an engineering data acquisition module and a control measure taking module;
The control equation construction module is used for establishing a stratum theoretical control equation, and establishing a theoretical target and an engineering actual target based on the stratum theoretical control equation;
The control criterion construction module is used for establishing a control criterion based on the theoretical target and the engineering actual target and establishing an engineering target for controlling the roof strata based on the control criterion;
The engineering data acquisition module is used for acquiring the movement rule of the roof strata based on the engineering target controlled by the roof strata according to model experiments, field measurement and numerical simulation, and determining the time and space size of roof fissures and separation layers;
The control measure taking module is used for controlling the roof strata according to the time and space generated by the roof fissures and the separation layers and by adopting corresponding control technology according to different places and time, so that the earth surface subsidence reduction is realized.
In this embodiment, the process of establishing a formation theoretical control equation includes:
Defining a damage coefficient K 1、K2、K3, establishing a relation among a surface subsidence damage variable, a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable and a collapse gangue crushing expansion variable which are caused by mining, and determining a control equation of the relation among the damage coefficients, namely a rock stratum theory control equation:
K1+K2+K3=1，
Wherein K 1=V1/V is a crushing expansion variable of the caving gangue caused by mining; k 2=V2/V is a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable caused by mining; k 3=V3/V is a variable of surface subsidence damage caused by mining; v 1 is the void volume of crushed and expanded rock mass in the subsidence zone, V 2 is the separation layer and fracture volume in the overburden fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone, V 3 is the surface subsidence volume, and V is the volume of coal produced.
In this embodiment, the theoretical targets are: under ideal conditions, K 1 =1 or K 1+K2 =1, namely, completely filling a goaf after crushing and expanding a caving roof rock mass, or not fully filling but not transmitting a produced roof separation layer to the ground surface, and not sinking the ground surface;
The engineering practical targets are as follows: according to the difference of the positions of the ground surface, the allowable subsidence amount of the ground surface is judged, when the allowable subsidence amount of the ground surface reaches the allowable critical subsidence amount, the roof separation layer or the goaf is processed through a control technology, so that the subsidence control of the ground surface is realized, and the subsidence amount of the ground surface does not exceed the critical value.
In this embodiment, the engineering targets of the roof strata control are: when the earth surface corresponds to a building land, the subsidence X 1 allowed by the earth surface is realized; the allowable surface subsidence amount of the surface is X 2 when the surface corresponds to a field, and the allowable surface subsidence amount of the surface is X 3 when the surface corresponds to a mountain.
In this embodiment, the motion rule of the roof strata is obtained according to model experiments, field measurements and numerical simulation, so that the time and space sizes generated by roof cracks, separation layers and the like are defined, and basic data are provided for subsequent roof strata control. The key to making the subsurface subsidence amount 0 is to make K 1+K2 =1, i.e., V 1+V2 =v, thereby achieving V 3 =0. The engineering data acquisition method comprises the following steps: ① And establishing a physical model through a model experiment, and simulating the caving process of the goaf, the separation process of the top plate and the motion process of the top plate. ② Through on-site measurement, the measurement K 3 is a ground surface subsidence damage variable caused by mining, belongs to ground surface measurement, can adopt a level gauge, a total station, an indium steel ruler and the like to measure the ground surface subsidence y, and simultaneously, the ground surface subsidence range M is also measured at any time. K 2 is a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable caused by mining, K 1 is a crushed and expanded gangue damage variable caused by mining, and for the measurement of K 2、K3, multiple groups of drilling holes can be drilled on the ground surface corresponding to the goaf position, and deformation of roof separation layers, fractures and crushed and expanded gangue can be obtained by adopting optical fiber drilling, magnetic ring dynamic sensing technology and the like. ③ And (3) adopting a numerical simulation experiment, and respectively simulating the influences of the thickness of the coal bed, the burial depth of the coal and the distribution of roof strata on the surface subsidence by a controlled variable method to further obtain the relation between the factors such as the thickness of the coal bed, the burial depth of the coal bed, the distribution of roof strata in the goaf and the like and the surface subsidence. And analyzing the model experiment, the on-site actual measurement and the numerical simulation result to obtain the time and space rules generated by the void of the goaf caving rock mass, the crack zone separation layer, the crack, the ground surface subsidence and the like under certain conditions, thereby providing basic data for the follow-up control technology.
In this embodiment, based on the obtained basic data, corresponding control techniques are adopted for different locations and times to control the roof strata so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the earth surface subsidence. In order to make the ground subsidence amount be 0, the void volume of the roof separation layer and the goaf caving gangue can be controlled so as to meet the requirement of K 1＋K2=1,K3 =0, namely V 1+V2=V,V3 =0, and the control technology is as follows: ① The roof directional lancing method specifically comprises the control of roof cutting height, angle and roof cutting rate, and the control of rock mass collapse height and crushing expansion degree in a certain area, so that the mining space can be completely filled, as in the area D in fig. 5. ② By regulating and controlling the hydraulic support, the crushing expansion coefficient of the roof after collapse is increased, and the crushing expansion characteristic of roof rock after collapse is fully exerted to fill a mining space, such as space F in fig. 6. ③ In the initial stage of mining, the two methods can basically support the overlying strata by utilizing the crushed rock mass and the self-expansion characteristic thereof and slow down the movement of the overlying strata. However, the collapsed rock mass is in a loose state and has limited supporting force, so that the compression still occurs under the action of the pressure of the top plate, meaning that the rock stratum still moves slowly until the movement expands to the ground surface to generate ground subsidence. In order to reduce the movement space of the overlying strata, grouting is carried out on the goaf through ground drilling (as shown in figure 8), gaps between broken rock bodies are filled, the self-bearing capacity of the broken rock bodies is improved, and the movement space of the strata is reduced. ④ After the method is adopted, if roof strata still move, when separation layers can be generated between strata, grouting can be carried out on roof separation layer positions through ground drilling at the moment, and roof separation layer movement is blocked, so that the roof separation layer cannot influence the ground surface, as shown in fig. 9.
The implementation of the control technology needs to be based on the model experiment, the field actual measurement and the numerical simulation result, and parameters such as the cutting top height and angle, the grouting position, the grouting time, the grouting amount, the grouting strength and the like can be determined.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains are made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The green loss reduction control method for coal resource exploitation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a stratum theory control equation, and establishing a theoretical target and an engineering actual target based on the stratum theory control equation;
Establishing control criteria based on the theoretical target and the engineering actual target, and establishing an engineering target for roof strata control based on the control criteria;
Based on the engineering target controlled by the roof strata, acquiring a movement rule of the roof strata according to model experiments, field measurement and numerical simulation, and determining the time and space size generated by roof fissures and separation layers;
based on the time and space generated by the roof fissure and the separation layer, corresponding control technology is adopted for controlling the roof strata aiming at different places and time, so that the earth surface subsidence is realized;
The method for establishing the formation theoretical control equation comprises the following steps:
Defining a damage coefficient K 1、K2、K3, establishing a relation among a surface subsidence damage variable, a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable and a collapse gangue crushing expansion variable which are caused by mining, and determining a control equation of the relation among the damage coefficients, namely a rock stratum theory control equation:
K1+K2+K3=1，
Wherein K 1=V1/V is a crushing expansion variable of the caving gangue caused by mining; k 2=V2/V is a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable caused by mining; k 3=V3/V is a variable of surface subsidence damage caused by mining; v 1 is the void volume of crushed and expanded rock mass in a subsidence zone, V 2 is the separation layer and the fracture volume in a cover rock fracture zone and a bending subsidence zone, V 3 is the surface subsidence volume, and V is the volume of coal produced;
The theoretical targets are: under ideal conditions, K 1 =1 or K 1+K2 =1, namely, completely filling a goaf after crushing and expanding a caving roof rock mass, or not fully filling but not transmitting a produced roof separation layer to the ground surface, and not sinking the ground surface;
The engineering practical targets are as follows: judging the allowable subsidence amount of the earth surface according to different positions of the earth surface, and when the allowable subsidence amount of the earth surface reaches the allowable critical subsidence amount, processing a roof separation layer or a goaf through a control technology to realize subsidence control of the earth surface so that the subsidence amount of the earth surface does not exceed a critical value;
The engineering targets of roof strata control are as follows: when the earth surface corresponds to a building land, the subsidence X 1 allowed by the earth surface is realized; the allowable surface subsidence amount of the surface is X 2 when the surface corresponds to a field, and the allowable surface subsidence amount of the surface is X 3 when the surface corresponds to a mountain.
2. The method for controlling green loss of coal resource exploitation according to claim 1, wherein the method for determining the time and space of roof fracture and delamination generation by obtaining the movement rule of roof strata according to model experiments, field measurements and numerical simulation comprises the following steps:
Establishing a coal seam mining physical experiment model based on similar materials, and simulating the caving process of a goaf, the delamination process of a top plate and the movement process of the top plate to obtain a model experiment result;
On-site measurement K 1、K2、K3 is carried out to obtain deformation of roof separation layers, cracks and crushed and expanded caving gangue, namely on-site actual measurement results;
Respectively simulating the influences of the thickness of the coal bed, the burial depth of the coal and the distribution of roof strata on the surface subsidence by a controlled variable method to obtain a numerical simulation result which is the relation between the factors of the thickness of the coal bed, the burial depth of the coal bed and the distribution of roof strata of the goaf and the surface subsidence;
and analyzing the model experiment result, the on-site actual measurement result and the numerical simulation result to obtain the time and space size generated by the separation layer of the goaf caving rock mass, the crack zone separation layer, the crack and the subsidence of the earth surface under certain conditions.
3. The method for controlling green loss of coal resource exploitation according to claim 1, wherein the method for controlling the roof strata by adopting corresponding control technology according to different places and time comprises the following steps:
Controlling the collapse height and the crushing expansion degree of the rock mass in a certain area by a roof directional cutting method, so that the mining space is fully filled;
The hydraulic support is regulated and controlled, so that the crushing expansion coefficient of the roof after the roof collapses is increased, and the crushing expansion characteristic of roof rock after the roof collapses fills the mining space;
grouting the goaf through ground drilling holes, and filling gaps among broken rock bodies;
grouting is carried out on the roof separation layer position through the ground drilling hole, and the roof separation layer movement is blocked.
4. The utility model provides a coal resource exploitation green subtracts and loses control system which characterized in that includes: the system comprises a control equation construction module, a control criterion construction module, an engineering data acquisition module and a control measure taking module;
The control equation construction module is used for establishing a stratum theory control equation, and establishing a theoretical target and an engineering actual target based on the stratum theory control equation;
The control criterion construction module is used for establishing a control criterion based on the theoretical target and the engineering actual target, and establishing an engineering target for controlling the roof strata based on the control criterion;
the engineering data acquisition module is used for acquiring the movement rule of the roof strata based on the engineering target controlled by the roof strata according to model experiments, field measurement and numerical simulation, and determining the time and space size of roof fissures and separation layers;
The control measure taking module is used for controlling the roof strata according to the time and space generated by the roof fissures and the separation layers and adopting corresponding control technologies aiming at different places and time so as to realize earth surface subsidence reduction;
the process of establishing the formation theoretical control equation includes:
Defining a damage coefficient K 1、K2、K3, establishing a relation among a surface subsidence damage variable, a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable and a collapse gangue crushing expansion variable which are caused by mining, and determining a control equation of the relation among the damage coefficients, namely a rock stratum theory control equation:
K1+K2+K3=1，
Wherein K 1=V1/V is a crushing expansion variable of the caving gangue caused by mining; k 2=V2/V is a fracture zone rock stratum damage variable caused by mining; k 3=V3/V is a variable of surface subsidence damage caused by mining; v 1 is the void volume of crushed and expanded rock mass in a subsidence zone, V 2 is the separation layer and the fracture volume in a cover rock fracture zone and a bending subsidence zone, V 3 is the surface subsidence volume, and V is the volume of coal produced;
The theoretical targets are: under ideal conditions, K 1 =1 or K 1+K2 =1, namely, completely filling a goaf after crushing and expanding a caving roof rock mass, or not fully filling but not transmitting a produced roof separation layer to the ground surface, and not sinking the ground surface;
The engineering practical targets are as follows: judging the allowable subsidence amount of the earth surface according to different positions of the earth surface, and when the allowable subsidence amount of the earth surface reaches the allowable critical subsidence amount, processing a roof separation layer or a goaf through a control technology to realize subsidence control of the earth surface so that the subsidence amount of the earth surface does not exceed a critical value;
The engineering targets of roof strata control are as follows: when the earth surface corresponds to a building land, the subsidence X 1 allowed by the earth surface is realized; the allowable surface subsidence amount of the surface is X 2 when the surface corresponds to a field, and the allowable surface subsidence amount of the surface is X 3 when the surface corresponds to a mountain.
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