CN117777038A - Organic electroluminescent material, preparation method thereof and organic electroluminescent device - Google Patents
Organic electroluminescent material, preparation method thereof and organic electroluminescent device Download PDFInfo
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- CN117777038A CN117777038A CN202410216773.7A CN202410216773A CN117777038A CN 117777038 A CN117777038 A CN 117777038A CN 202410216773 A CN202410216773 A CN 202410216773A CN 117777038 A CN117777038 A CN 117777038A
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- organic electroluminescent
- electroluminescent material
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
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- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002964 pentacenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FVDOBFPYBSDRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound C=12C3=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=O)O FVDOBFPYBSDRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002987 phenanthrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003220 pyrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940083082 pyrimidine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
The application is applicable to the technical field of materials, and provides an organic electroluminescent material, a preparation method thereof and an organic electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescent material provided by the application consists of 3 main parts: triazine, cyano groups substituted on phenyl and R 1 ,R 2 The above groups are simultaneously connected with 1,2 or 2,3 positions of naphthalene; wherein R is introduced while cyano is substituted on phenyl 1 ,R 2 While maintaining cyano electron withdrawing capability, the rigidity and the planarity of molecules are ensured, the molecules are combined with triazine or pyrimidine on the other side to regulate electron hole distribution, balance electron withdrawing capability at two ends, improve electron mobility, further improve the luminous efficiency of the device and reduce driving voltage; 1 on naphthalene , 2 bits or 2 , The 3-bit substitution can improve the triplet state energy level, so that electron holes are quickly recombined in the light-emitting layer to form excitons, the exciton combination position is in the main body part, a large amount of exciton diffusion and non-radiation loss are avoided, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to an organic electroluminescent material, a preparation method thereof and an organic electroluminescent device.
Background
An organic light-emitting device (OLED) refers to a photovoltaic device that emits light under the excitation of an electric field or current using an organic material. The OLED has the characteristics of active light emission, high contrast ratio, wide viewing angle, high response speed, uniform light emission, high color gamut, no glare, easy realization of flexible display, simple preparation process and the like, and is considered as an ideal next-generation display and illumination technology.
An organic electroluminescent device using an organic light emitting phenomenon generally has a structure including an anode and a cathode and an organic layer therebetween. Such as a Hole Injection Layer (HIL), a Hole Transport Layer (HTL), a light emitting layer, an Electron Transport Layer (ETL), and an Electron Injection Layer (EIL). The hole transport layer is embedded between the anode and the light-emitting layer, and the electron transport layer is embedded between the cathode and the light-emitting layer, so that not only can the injection barrier of carriers be reduced and the transport rate of the carriers be balanced, but also excitons can be limited to the light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting efficiency of the device is improved.
The structure of the electron transport material used as the electron transport layer at present usually contains nitrogen-containing heterocycle such as pyridine, pyrimidine, oxadiazole, triazole, imidazole and the like with electron transport performance as an electron withdrawing group, but the general organic electroluminescent material has low electron mobility and higher hole mobility, so that the electron-hole in the luminescent device is unbalanced, thereby causing the problems of reduced device efficiency, poor stability, short service life and the like.
Therefore, developing an organic electroluminescent device with high mobility electron transport material to make the organic electroluminescent device have low driving voltage, high efficiency and long service life is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an organic electroluminescent material, which is composed of 3 main parts: triazine, cyano groups substituted on phenyl and R 1 ,R 2 The groups are simultaneously connected with 1,2 or 2,3 positions of naphthalene, and the prepared organic electroluminescent device has the technical effects of improving the efficiency of the luminescent device, prolonging the service life and reducing the driving voltage.
The embodiment of the application is realized in such a way that the structure of the organic electroluminescent material is shown as a formula I:;
wherein,
L 1 ,L 2 the substitution positions on naphthalene are 1, 2-position combination or 2, 3-position combination;
L 1 ,L 2 each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, substituted or unsubstituted C6-aryl of C24, heteroaryl of C3-C24, substituted or unsubstituted, the heteroatoms of which are selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur;
Z 1 -Z 3 at least one N and the rest are C;
Ar 1 ,Ar 2 each independently selected from a bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C24 aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C24 heteroaryl;
R 1 ,R 2 each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C24 aryl, and R 1 And R is R 2 Are not hydrogen at the same time;
the 1,2 and 2,3 substitution positions on naphthalene are defined as follows:。
another object of the present application is an organic electroluminescent device comprising an electron transport layer comprising the organic electroluminescent material described above.
The beneficial effects of this application: the organic electroluminescent material provided by the application consists of 3 main parts: triazine, cyano groups substituted on phenyl and R 1 ,R 2 The groups are simultaneously connected with 1,2 or 2,3 positions of naphthalene, and the organic electroluminescent device prepared by the groups has the technical effects of improving the efficiency of the luminescent device, prolonging the service life and reducing the driving voltage. In one aspect, the present application introduces R simultaneously with the substitution of cyano on phenyl 1 ,R 2 The method has the advantages that the strong electron withdrawing capability of the cyanide base is maintained, meanwhile, the rigidity and the flatness of molecules are ensured, the molecules and triazine or pyrimidine on the other side are combined to act together, the electron hole distribution is regulated, the electron withdrawing capability at two ends is balanced, the cyanide base has a large electron distribution characteristic, the electron mobility is improved, the luminous efficiency is further improved, and the driving voltage is reduced; on the other hand, 1 on naphthalene of the present application , 2 bits or 2 , The 3-bit substitution can improve the triplet state energy level, so that electron holes can be quickly combined in the light-emitting layer to form excitons, and meanwhile, the exciton combination position is in the main body part, so that a large amount of exciton diffusion and non-radiation loss are avoided, and the service life of the OLED device is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of compound 1 provided in example 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
The structure of the organic electroluminescent material provided by the application is shown as the following formula I:;
wherein,
L 1 ,L 2 the substitution positions on naphthalene are 1, 2-position combination or 2, 3-position combination;
L 1 ,L 2 each independently selected from a bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C24 aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C24 heteroaryl, and a heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;
Z 1 -Z 3 at least one N and the rest are C;
Ar 1 ,Ar 2 each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C24 aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C24 heteroaryl;
R 1 ,R 2 each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C24 aryl, and R 1 And R is R 2 Not both hydrogen.
Further, the formula I has a structure shown in formulas I-a to I-c:
;
wherein,
Z 1 -Z 3 2 or 3N;
L 1 、L 2 each independently selected from a bond or a group substituted at a substitutable position:
。
Ar 1 ,Ar 2 independently selected from the group consisting of substitution at a substitutable position:
。
R 1 ,R 2 selected from hydrogen or a group R 1 -R 2 Not both hydrogen, substitution at substitutable positions:
。
further, L 1 ,L 2 Selected from the group consisting of a bond, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenanthryl, phenyl-substituted naphthyl.
Further, ar 1 ,Ar 2 Selected from phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenyl-substituted naphthyl, methylphenyl, cyanophenyl, dimethylfluorenyl, dibenzofuranyl.
Further, R 1 ,R 2 Selected from phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenyl-substituted naphthyl, phenanthryl.
The number of carbon atoms of a substituent in the term "substituted or unsubstituted" means the number of carbon atoms constituting the substituent when unsubstituted, irrespective of the number of carbon atoms in the substituent.
The term "substituted or unsubstituted" means substituted with one, two or more substituents selected from the group consisting of: cyano, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, dimethylfluorenyl, phenanthryl, triphenylenyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, isobenzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, or a substituent attached by two or more of the substituents shown above, or not having a substituent.
Aryl refers to monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups and polycyclic aromatic ring systems, a polycyclic ring may have two or more rings in which two carbons are common to two adjoining rings (the rings being "fused").
Heteroaryl groups include monocyclic aromatic groups and polycyclic aromatic ring systems of at least one heteroatom including, but not limited to O, S, N, P, B, si and Se.
The 1,2 and 2,3 substitution positions on naphthalene are defined as follows:。
the compound represented by formula I may be specifically exemplified by, but not limited to, the following compounds.
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。
The organic electroluminescent materials of the present application can be prepared by synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, the present application also provides a synthetic route of the organic electroluminescent material shown in formula I, as follows:
in the above, L 1 、L 2 、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Z 1 -Z 3 、R 1 、R 2 Hal as defined in formula I above 1 Independently selected from bromine or iodine; r ', rr ' ' are independently selected fromOr->Wherein is the attachment site.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: n (N) 2 Under protection, adding reactant A-I (1.0 eq), reactant F-I (1.1-1.4 eq), palladium catalyst (0.01-0.05 eq), alkali (2.1-2.4 eq), phosphorus ligand (0.02-0.15 eq) or palladium catalyst (0.01-0.05 eq), alkali (2.1-2.4 eq) into a mixed solvent of toluene, ethanol and water (volume ratio of 2-4:1:1), heating to 85-95 ℃, reacting for 8-12h, extracting the obtained product by introducing distilled water and DCM into the obtained product at room temperature after the reaction is completed, and using MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. Purifying by column chromatography to obtain intermediate C-I;
step 2: after adding intermediate C-I (1.0 eq) and reactant D-I (1.1-1.3 eq) to a reaction vessel and dissolving in xylene, adding palladium catalyst (0.01-0.05 eq), phosphorus ligand (0.02-0.15 eq), alkali (2.0-2.4 eq) or palladium catalyst (0.01-0.05 eq) and alkali (2.1-2.4 eq) under the protection of nitrogen; after the addition, the reaction temperature is slowly increased to 130-140 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 8-12h; the resultant was extracted by introducing distilled water and ethyl acetate thereto at room temperature, and then treated with MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator and purified by column chromatography to obtain compound formula I.
Wherein the palladium catalyst may be: tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium: pd (Pd) 2 (dba) 3 Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium: pd (PPh) 3 ) 4 Palladium dichloride: pdCl 2 1,1' -bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene palladium dichloride: pdCl 2 (dppf), palladium acetate: pd (OAc) 2 Bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride: pd (PPh) 3 ) 2 Cl 2 Any one or a combination of at least two of these.
The phosphine ligand may be: tri-tert-butylphosphine: p (t-Bu) 3 2-cyclohexyl-2, 4, 6-triisopropylbiphenyl: x-phos, triethylphosphine: PET (polyethylene terephthalate) 3 Trimethylphosphine: PMe 3 Triphenylphosphine: PPh (PPh) 3 Potassium diphenylphosphonate: KPPh (Key performance improvement) 2 。
The base may be: potassium acetate: acOK, K 2 CO 3 、K 3 PO 4 、Na 2 CO 3 、CsF、Cs 2 CO 3 Or sodium tert-butoxide: any one or a combination of at least two of t-BuONa.
For complex raw materials not disclosed, the complex raw materials are synthesized by adopting a classical Suzuki coupling reaction, a Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction and a lithiation reaction, and are applied to the application.
The series of palladium catalytic coupling reactions performed in the application utilize the difference that the activity of I and Br is larger than that of Cl on one hand, control reaction sites by controlling reaction conditions on the other hand, and purify the reaction by using column chromatography or a silica gel funnel to remove byproducts so as to obtain the target compound. The following are referred to in the common general knowledge:
transition metal organic chemistry (original sixth edition), robert H-Crabtree (Robert H. Crabtree), press: publication time of Shanghai Shandong university Press: 2017-09-00, ISBN:978-7-5628-5111-0, page 388.
Organic chemistry and photoelectric Material Experimental Instructions, chen Runfeng, press: university of east south Press, publication time: 2019-11-00, ISBN:9787564184230, page 174.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the organic electroluminescent material of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments.
In addition, it should be noted that the numerical values set forth in the following examples are as precise as possible, but those skilled in the art will understand that each numerical value should be construed as a divisor rather than an absolute precise numerical value due to measurement errors and experimental operation problems that cannot be avoided.
Example 1: synthesis of Compound 1
CAS: reactant a-1:1345345-08-5
CAS: reactant B-1:2378552-11-3
CAS: reactant D-1:2173320-52-8
Step 1: n (N) 2 Under protection, the reaction vessel was charged with reactant A-1 (1.0 eq), reactant B-1 (1.2 eq), pd (PPh) 4 (0.02 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (2.2 eq) in a mixed solvent of toluene, ethanol, water (volume ratio 3:1:1), heating to 90 ℃, reacting for 8h, after the reaction was completed, extracting the resultant by introducing distilled water and DCM into the resultant at room temperature, and after using MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. Purification by column chromatography gave intermediate C-1 (yield: 76.6%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+= 470.15);
Step 2: after adding intermediate C-1 (1.0 eq) and reactant D-1 (1.1 eq) to the reaction vessel and dissolving in xylene, pd (OAc) was added under nitrogen protection 2 (0.02 eq) and X-Phos (0.04 eq), cs 2 CO 3 (2.3 eq); after the addition, the reaction temperature was slowly raised to 130 ℃, and the mixture was stirred for 10h; the resultant was extracted by introducing distilled water and ethyl acetate thereto at room temperature, and then treated with MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator, and purified by column chromatography to obtain compound 1 (yield: 60.3%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+= 689.27)。
Characterization:
the nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the compound 1 is shown in fig. 1.
HPLC purity: > 99.7%.
Elemental analysis:
theoretical value: c, 87.18, H, 4.68, N, 8.13;
test value: c, 86.98, H, 4:86, N, 8.24.
Example 2: synthesis of Compound 76
CAS: reactant B-76:1421694-50-9
CAS: reactant D-76:2977291-71-5
Step 1: n (N) 2 Under protection, the reaction vessel was charged with reactant A-76 (1.0 eq), reactant B-76 (1.2 eq), pd (PPh) 4 (0.02 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (2.2 eq) in a mixed solvent of toluene, ethanol, water (volume ratio 3:1:1), heating to 90 ℃, reacting for 8h, after the reaction was completed, extracting the resultant by introducing distilled water and DCM into the resultant at room temperature, and after using MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. Purification by column chromatography gave intermediate C-76 (yield: 80.3%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+= 470.16);
Step 2: after adding intermediate C-76 (1.0 eq) and reactant D-76 (1.1 eq) to the reaction vessel and dissolving in xylene, pd (OAc) was added under nitrogen protection 2 (0.02 eq) and X-Phos (0.04 eq), cs 2 CO 3 (2.3 eq); after the addition, the reaction temperature was slowly raised to 130 ℃, and the mixture was stirred for 10h; the resultant was extracted by introducing distilled water and ethyl acetate thereto at room temperature, and then treated with MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator, and purified by column chromatography to obtain compound 76 (yield: 65.6%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+= 729.30)。
Characterization:
HPLC purity: > 99.8%.
Elemental analysis:
theoretical value: c, 87.33, H, 4.98, N, 7.69;
test value: c, 87.06, H, 5.20, N, 7.78.
Example 3: synthesis of Compound 201
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CAS: reactant a-201:1821675-79-9
CAS: reactant B-201:71436-66-3
Step 1: n (N) 2 Under protection, the reaction vessel was charged with reactant A-201 (1.0 eq), reactant B-201 (1.2 eq), pd (PPh) 4 (0.02 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (2.2 eq) in a mixed solvent of toluene, ethanol, water (volume ratio 3:1:1), heating to 90 ℃, reacting for 8h, after the reaction was completed, extracting the resultant by introducing distilled water and DCM into the resultant at room temperature, and after using MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. Purification by column chromatography gave intermediate C-201 (yield: 59.5%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+= 622.23);
Step 2: n (N) 2 Under protection, intermediate c-201 (1.0 eq), reactant d-201 (1.1 eq), pdCl 2 (dppf) (0.02 eq) and potassium acetate (2.5 eq) were dissolved in DMF and heated to 90℃for 8h. The solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator, the residue was stirred with methylene chloride, filtered, and the remaining material was purified by column chromatography to give reactant B-201 (yield: 88.1%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+= 714.34)。
Step 3: n (N) 2 Under protection, the reaction vessel was charged with reactant A-201 (1.0 eq), reactant B-201 (1.2 eq), pd (PPh) 4 (0.02 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (2.2 eq) in a mixed solvent of toluene, ethanol, water (volume ratio 3:1:1), heating to 90 ℃, reacting for 8h, after the reaction was completed, extracting the resultant by introducing distilled water and DCM into the resultant at room temperature, and after using MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. Purification by column chromatography gave intermediate C-201 (yield: 86.5%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+= 774.27);
Step 4: after adding intermediate C-201 (1.0 eq) and reactant D-201 (1.1 eq) to the reaction vessel and dissolving in xylene, pd (OAc) was added under nitrogen protection 2 (0.02 eq) and X-Phos (0.04 eq), cs 2 CO 3 (2.3 eq); after the addition, the reaction temperature was slowly raised to 130 ℃, and the mixture was stirred for 10h; the resultant was extracted by introducing distilled water and ethyl acetate thereto at room temperature, and then treated with MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator, and purified by column chromatography to obtain compound 201 (yield: 73.8%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+=993.41)。
Characterization:
HPLC purity: > 99.7%.
Elemental analysis:
theoretical value: c, 89.49, H, 4.87, N, 5.64;
test value: c, 89.50, H, 4.98, N, 5.72.
Example 4: synthesis of Compound 276
CAS: reactants a-276:872041-85-5
CAS: reactants b-276:13214-70-5
Step 1: n (N) 2 Under protection, the reaction vessel was charged with reactants a-276 (1.0 eq), b-276 (1.1 eq), pd (PPh) 4 (0.02 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (2.2 eq) in a mixed solvent of toluene, ethanol, water (volume ratio 3:1:1), heating to 85 ℃, reacting for 8h, after the reaction was completed, extracting the resultant by introducing distilled water and DCM into the resultant at room temperature, and after using MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. Purification by column chromatography gave reactant B-276 (yield: 77.7%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+= 317.12);
Step 2: n (N) 2 Under protection, the reaction vessel was charged with reactant A-276 (1.0 eq), reactant B-276 (1.1 eq), pd (PPh) 4 (0.02 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (2.2 eq) in a mixed solvent of toluene, ethanol, water (volume ratio 3:1:1), heating to 90 ℃, reacting for 8h, after the reaction was completed, extracting the resultant by introducing distilled water and DCM into the resultant at room temperature, and after using MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. Purification by column chromatography gave intermediate C-276 (yield: 69.3%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+=471.16);
Step 3: after adding intermediate C-276 (1.0 eq) and reactant D-276 (1.3 eq) to xylene in a reaction vessel, pd (OAc) was added under nitrogen protection 2 (0.02 eq) and X-Phos (0.04 eq), cs 2 CO 3 (2.3 eq); after the addition, the reaction temperature was slowly raised to 135 ℃ and the mixture was stirred for 8h; the resultant was extracted by introducing distilled water and ethyl acetate thereto at room temperature, and then treated with MgSO 4 After drying the organic layer, the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator, and purified by column chromatography to obtain compound 276 (yield: 75.4%, test value MS (ESI, M/Z): [ M+H ]]+= 690.28)。
Characterization:
HPLC purity: > 99.6%.
Elemental analysis:
theoretical value: c, 85.32, H, 4.53, N, 10.15;
test value: c, 85.10, H, 4.75, N, 10.23.
Examples 5 to 65: the synthesis of the following compounds, the molecular formulas and mass spectra of which are shown in table 1 below, was accomplished with reference to the synthesis methods of the examples of the present application. The mass spectrometer model adopted in the mass spectrum test is Waters XEVO TQD, and the ESI source test is low-precision.
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Further, since other compounds of the present application can be obtained by referring to the synthetic methods of the examples listed above, they are not exemplified herein.
The present application provides an organic electroluminescent device that may have a structure including a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a light emitting auxiliary layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a capping layer, and the like as an organic layer. However, the structure of the organic light emitting element is not limited thereto, and may include a smaller or larger number of organic layers.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the organic layer has an electron transport layer, and the compound of formula I prepared herein is used as a material for the electron transport layer.
In the case of producing an organic light-emitting device, the compound represented by the formula I may be formed by vacuum vapor deposition or solution coating. The solution coating method is, but not limited to, spin coating, dip coating, blade coating, ink jet printing, screen printing, spray coating, roll coating, and the like.
The organic light emitting element of the present application may be of a top emission type, a bottom emission type, or a bi-directional emission type, depending on the materials used.
The device described herein may be used in organic light emitting devices, organic solar cells, electronic paper, organic photoreceptors, or organic thin film transistors.
As the anode material, a material having a large work function is generally preferable in order to allow holes to be smoothly injected into the organic layer. Specific examples of the anode material that can be used in the present application include metals such as vanadium, chromium, copper, zinc, and gold, and alloys thereof; metal oxides such as zinc oxide, indium Tin Oxide (ITO), and Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO); znO A1 or SnO 2 A combination of metals such as Sb and the like and oxides; and conductive polymers such as polypyrrole and polyaniline.
The hole injection layer is preferably a p-doped hole injection layer, by which is meant a hole injection layer doped with a p-dopant. A p-dopant is a material capable of imparting p-type semiconductor characteristics. The p-type semiconductor property means a property of injecting holes or transporting holes at the HOMO level, that is, a property of a material having high hole conductivity.
The hole transporting material is a material capable of receiving holes from the anode or the hole injecting layer and transporting the holes to the light emitting layer, and has high hole mobility. The hole transporting material may be selected from arylamine derivatives, conductive polymers, block copolymers having both conjugated and non-conjugated portions, and the like.
A light-emitting auxiliary layer (multilayer hole-transporting layer) is interposed between the hole-transporting layer and the light-emitting layer. The light-emitting auxiliary layer mainly functions as an auxiliary hole transport layer, and is therefore sometimes also referred to as a second hole transport layer. The light emitting auxiliary layer enables holes transferred from the anode to smoothly move to the light emitting layer, and can block electrons transferred from the cathode to confine electrons in the light emitting layer, reduce potential barrier between the hole transporting layer and the light emitting layer, reduce driving voltage of the organic electroluminescent device, further increase utilization ratio of holes, thereby improving luminous efficiency and lifetime of the device.
The light-emitting substance of the light-emitting layer is a substance capable of receiving and binding holes and electrons from the hole-transporting layer and the electron-transporting layer, respectively, to emit light in the visible light region, and is preferably a substance having high quantum efficiency for fluorescence or phosphorescence.
The light emitting layer may include a host material and a dopant material.
The mass ratio of the host material to the doping material is 90-99.5:0.5-10.
The host material includes aromatic condensed ring derivatives, heterocyclic compounds, and the like. Specifically, examples of the aromatic condensed ring derivative include anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, naphthalene derivatives, pentacene derivatives, phenanthrene compounds, fluoranthene compounds, and the like, and examples of the heterocyclic compound include carbazole derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, and the like.
The dopant materials herein include fluorescent doping and phosphorescent doping. May be selected from aromatic amine derivatives, styrylamine compounds, boron complexes, fluoranthene compounds, metal complexes, and the like.
The electron transport layer may function to facilitate electron transport. The electron transporting material is a material that advantageously receives electrons from the cathode and transports the electrons to the light emitting layer, preferably a material having high electron mobility. The electron transport layer may include at least one of an electron buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, and preferably at least one of an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer. The electron transport layer material is a compound shown in a formula I.
The electron injection layer may function to promote electron injection. Has an ability to transport electrons, and prevents excitons generated in the light emitting layer from migrating to the hole injection layer. The material of the electron injection layer includes, but is not limited to, metal such as oxazole, oxadiazole, triazole, imidazole, perylene tetracarboxylic acid, fluorenylmethane, anthrone, their derivatives, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, titanium, indium, yttrium, lithium, gadolinium, aluminum, silver, tin, ytterbium, or their alloys, metal complexes, nitrogen-containing 5-membered ring derivatives, and the like.
The cathode is generally preferably of a material having a small work function so that electrons are smoothly injected into the organic material layer, which layer preferably has a layer thickness of between 0.5 and 5 nm. The cathode material is generally preferably a material having a small work function in order to facilitate injection of electrons into the organic layer. Specific examples of the cathode material include metals such as magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, titanium, indium, yttrium, lithium, gadolinium, aluminum, silver, tin, and lead, and alloys thereof: liF/A1 or LiO 2 And (3) multilayer structural materials such as (A1) and Mg/Ag.
There are no particular restrictions on the other layer materials in an OLED device, except that the electron transport layer disclosed herein comprises formula I. Existing hole injection materials, hole transport auxiliary materials, dopant materials, hole blocking layer materials, electron transport layer materials, and electron injection materials may be used.
An organic electroluminescent composition and an organic electroluminescent device provided in the present application are specifically described below with reference to specific application examples.
Application example 1: preparation of organic electroluminescent device
a. ITO anode: washing ITO (indium tin oxide) -Ag-ITO (indium tin oxide) glass substrate with the coating thickness of 150nm in distilled water for 2 times, washing with ultrasonic waves for 30min, washing with distilled water for 2 times repeatedly, washing with ultrasonic waves for 10min, baking with a vacuum oven at 220 ℃ for 2 hours after washing, and cooling after baking is finished, so that the glass substrate can be used. The substrate is used as an anode, a vapor deposition device process is performed by using a vapor deposition machine, and other functional layers are sequentially vapor deposited on the substrate.
b. HIL (hole injection layer): the hole injection layer materials HT and P-dopant were vacuum evaporated at an evaporation rate of 1 Å/s, the chemical formulas of which are shown below. The evaporation rate ratio of HT to P-dock is 95:5, the thickness is 10nm;
c. HTL (hole transport layer): vacuum evaporating 135nm HT as a hole transport layer on the hole injection layer at an evaporation rate of 1.5 Å/s;
d. prime (light-emitting auxiliary layer): vacuum evaporating prime of 5nm on the hole transmission layer as light-emitting auxiliary layer at evaporating rate of 0.5 Å/s;
e. EML (light emitting layer): then, a Host material (Host) and a Dopant material (Dopant) having a thickness of 30nm were vacuum-deposited as light-emitting layers on the above light-emitting auxiliary layer at a deposition rate of 1 Å/s, and the chemical formulas of Host and Dopant are as follows. Wherein the evaporation rate ratio of Host to Dopant is 95:5.
f. HB (hole blocking layer): a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 5.0nm was vacuum deposited at a deposition rate of 0.5. 0.5 Å/s.
g. ETL (electron transport layer): compound 1 and Liq having a thickness of 30nm were vacuum-deposited as electron transport layers at a deposition rate of 1 Å/s. Wherein the evaporation rate ratio of the compound 1 to the Liq is 50:50.
h. EIL (electron injection layer): an electron injection layer was formed by vapor deposition of 1.0nm on a Yb film layer at a vapor deposition rate of 0.5. 0.5 Å/s.
i. And (3) cathode: and evaporating magnesium and silver at a deposition rate ratio of 1 Å/s of 13nm, wherein the deposition rate ratio is 1:9, so as to obtain the OLED device.
j. Light extraction layer: CPL with a thickness of 60nm was vacuum deposited on the cathode at a deposition rate of 1 Å/s as a light extraction layer.
k. And packaging the substrate subjected to evaporation. Firstly, a gluing device is adopted to carry out a coating process on a cleaned cover plate by UV glue, then the coated cover plate is moved to a lamination working section, a substrate subjected to vapor deposition is placed at the upper end of the cover plate, and finally the substrate and the cover plate are bonded under the action of a bonding device, and meanwhile, the UV glue is cured by illumination.
Application examples 2-72: the organic electroluminescent devices of application examples 2 to 72 were prepared according to the above-described preparation method of the organic electroluminescent device, except that the compound 1 of application example 1 was replaced with the corresponding compound (as shown in table 2) to form an electron transport layer.
Comparative example 1-comparative example 9: an organic electroluminescent device was prepared according to the above-described preparation method of an organic electroluminescent device, except that compound 1 in application example 1 was replaced with comparative compound 1, comparative compound 2, comparative compound 3, comparative compound 4, comparative compound 5, comparative compound 6, comparative compound 7, comparative compound 8, and comparative compound 9, respectively, wherein the structural formulae of comparative compound 1-comparative compound 9 are as follows:
the organic electroluminescent devices obtained in the above device application examples 1 to 72 and device comparative examples 1 to 9 were characterized in terms of driving voltage, luminous efficiency, BI value and lifetime at a luminance of 1000 (nits), and the test results are shown in table 2 below:
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as known to those skilled in the art, the blue-light organic electroluminescent device is affected by the microcavity effect, and the luminous efficiency is greatly affected by chromaticity, so that a BI value is introduced as the basis of the efficiency of the blue-light luminescent material, bi=luminous efficiency/CIEy. And the problems of short lifetime and low efficiency of blue light devices have been one of the problems that those skilled in the art are urgent to solve in the art. In general, the improvement of luminous efficiency is relatively difficult for those skilled in the art.
The compounds of the present application are composed of 3 major parts: triazine, cyano groups substituted on phenyl and R 1 ,R 2 The test results of Table 2 show that the organic electroluminescent device prepared by the above groups simultaneously connects 1,2 or 2,3 sites of naphthalene has a luminous efficiency of about 183.1-197.9cd/A, a driving voltage of about 3.6-3.74V, a lifetime of about 453-511h, a luminous efficiency of about 175.8-179.7cd/A, a driving voltage of about 3.84-3.9V, a lifetime of about 391-425h, and improved performance compared with the conventional organic electroluminescent device provided by comparative examples 1-9.
Compound 1 of the present application differs from comparative compound 1, compound 349 from comparative compound 2 mainly in that R is introduced simultaneously with the substitution of cyano group on the phenyl group of the present application 1 ,R 2 The method has the advantages that the strong electron withdrawing capability of the cyanide base is maintained, meanwhile, the rigidity and the flatness of molecules are guaranteed, the molecules and triazine or pyrimidine on the other side are combined to act together, the electron hole distribution is regulated, the electron withdrawing capability at two ends is balanced, the cyanide base has larger electron distribution characteristics, the electron mobility is improved, the luminous efficiency is further improved, and the driving voltage is reduced.
Compound 111 of the present application differs from comparative compound 3, compound 398 from comparative compound 5 in that benzene of the present applicationSubstituted cyano and R on the radical 1 ,R 2 And the positions of the connection on naphthalene are different, 1 on naphthalene , 2 bits or 2 , The 3-bit substitution can improve the triplet state energy level, so that electron holes can be quickly combined in the light-emitting layer to form excitons, and meanwhile, the exciton combination position is in the main body part, so that a large amount of exciton diffusion and non-radiation loss are avoided, and the service life of the OLED device is prolonged.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. The organic electroluminescent material is characterized in that the structure of the organic electroluminescent material is shown as a formula I:
;
wherein,
L 1 ,L 2 the substitution positions on naphthalene are 1, 2-position combination or 2, 3-position combination;
L 1 ,L 2 each independently selected from a bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C24 aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C24 heteroaryl, wherein the heteroatoms are selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur;
Z 1 -Z 3 at least one N and the rest are C;
Ar 1 ,Ar 2 each independently selected from a bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C24 aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C24 heteroaryl;
R 1 ,R 2 each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C24 aryl, and R 1 And R is R 2 Are not hydrogen at the same time;
the 1,2 and 2,3 substitution positions on naphthalene are defined as follows:
。
2. the organic electroluminescent material according to claim 1, wherein the structure of the organic electroluminescent material is as shown in formulas I-a to I-c:
。
3. the organic electroluminescent material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein,
Z 1 -Z 3 2 or 3N;
L 1 、L 2 each independently selected from a bond or a group substituted at a substitutable position:
。
4. the organic electroluminescent material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein,
Ar 1 ,Ar 2 independently selected from the group consisting of substitution at a substitutable position:
。
5. the organic electroluminescent material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein,
R 1 ,R 2 selected from hydrogen or a group R 1 -R 2 Not both hydrogen, substitution at substitutable positions:
。
6. the organic electroluminescent material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the L 1 ,L 2 Selected from the group consisting of a bond, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenanthryl, phenyl-substituted naphthyl.
7. The organic electroluminescent material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Ar 1 ,Ar 2 Selected from phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenyl-substituted naphthyl, methylphenyl, cyanophenyl, dimethylfluorenyl, dibenzofuranyl.
8. The organic electroluminescent material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R 1 ,R 2 Selected from phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenyl-substituted naphthyl, phenanthryl.
9. The organic electroluminescent material according to claim 1, wherein the structure of the organic electroluminescent material is any one of the following structures:
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。
10. an organic electroluminescent device, characterized in that the organic electroluminescent device comprises an electron transport layer comprising the organic electroluminescent material according to any one of claims 1-7.
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