CN117776490A - Method for starting cold crucible - Google Patents
Method for starting cold crucible Download PDFInfo
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- CN117776490A CN117776490A CN202311828520.7A CN202311828520A CN117776490A CN 117776490 A CN117776490 A CN 117776490A CN 202311828520 A CN202311828520 A CN 202311828520A CN 117776490 A CN117776490 A CN 117776490A
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- Prior art keywords
- cold crucible
- starting
- glass
- power supply
- crucible
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of radioactive material treatment, in particular to a starting method of a cold crucible. The starting method for starting the cold crucible to bring it into a stationary operation state includes: step S1, adding glass and calcinations in a preset proportion into a cold crucible; s2, adding a starting material into the cold crucible; step S3, adding glass and calcinations in a preset proportion into the cold crucible again to cover the starting material; step S4, starting a power supply of the cold crucible to generate an electromagnetic field in the cold crucible; and S5, adjusting the power of the power supply to enable the starting material to be heated to burn under the action of an electromagnetic field so as to enable glass and calcine in the cold crucible to be melted to form a melt. By adopting the starting method in the embodiment of the invention, the replacement process of replacing the materials in the cold crucible after the cold crucible is started can be omitted, the cold crucible is directly put into an operating state, the starting process of the cold crucible is simplified, and the material of starting glass beads is not needed.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of radioactive material treatment, in particular to a starting method of a cold crucible.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art. The cold crucible glass solidification technology is to utilize a high-frequency power supply to generate high-frequency current, then convert the high-frequency current into electromagnetic current through a high-frequency induction coil, and penetrate into the material to be treated to form vortex to generate heat, so that the material to be treated is heated, and the material to be treated is melted into glass. The inner wall of the furnace body of the crucible is filled with cooling water, and the melt in the crucible solidifies on the inner wall of the crucible to form a cold wall, and is therefore called a cold crucible. The cold crucible glass solidification technology has the advantages of high treatment temperature, wide waste type, long service life of a melting furnace, easy retirement, high safety and the like, and can be used for carrying out glass solidification treatment on radioactive waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of the application in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the application. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the application. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the application or to delineate the scope of the application. Its purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
The embodiment of the invention provides a starting method of a cold crucible. The cold crucible is used for heating solid calcinations and glass formed by calcinations of the radioactive waste liquid, and melting the calcinations and the glass to form a melt so as to solidify the glass of the radioactive waste liquid. The starting method for starting the cold crucible to bring it into a stationary operation state includes: step S1, adding glass and calcinations in a preset proportion into a cold crucible; s2, adding a starting material into the cold crucible; step S3, adding glass and calcinations in a preset proportion into the cold crucible again to cover the starting material; step S4, starting a power supply of the cold crucible to generate an electromagnetic field in the cold crucible; and S5, adjusting the power of the power supply to enable the starting material to be heated to burn under the action of an electromagnetic field so as to enable glass and calcine in the cold crucible to be melted to form a melt.
By adopting the starting method in the embodiment of the invention, the replacement process of replacing the materials in the cold crucible after the cold crucible is started can be omitted, the cold crucible can directly enter the running state, the success rate of the cold crucible starting can be improved, the starting time is shortened, the operation is simple, and the cold crucible can be quickly brought into the running state.
Drawings
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present invention, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, and may assist in a comprehensive understanding of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the start-up of a cold crucible according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cold crucible start-up according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
10. a cold crucible; 11. a crucible body; 12. an induction coil; 20. a mixture of glass and calcine; 30. a graphite ring.
It should be noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale, but are merely shown in a schematic manner that does not affect the reader's understanding.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the interest of clarity and conciseness, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with system-and business-related constraints, and that these constraints will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
It should be noted here that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only the device structures and/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, while other details not greatly related to the present invention are omitted.
Glass solidification by using a cold crucible is a process of melting and mixing glass and materials to be treated in a certain proportion range. However, because of the poor conductivity of the glass in the molten state, the internationally more common approach is to introduce a higher conductivity start-up glass to effect start-up of the cold crucible. When the cold crucible is started, the starting material is heated by starting the high-frequency power supply, surrounding starting glass is melted to form a molten pool, the molten glass can be heated by an electromagnetic field, and the surrounding starting glass is gradually melted, so that the cold crucible is started. However, the inventors of the present invention found that the starting glass in the cold crucible still needs to be replaced with glass and the material to be treated in a certain proportion range after starting, the replacement process is long, and the starting method needs to introduce starting glass with different formulas, so that the composition of the product glass can be changed.
Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for starting a cold crucible for starting the cold crucible to enter a stationary operation state.
In this embodiment, during normal operation, the cold crucible is used to heat the solid calcinate and glass formed by calcining the radioactive waste liquid, so as to melt the calcinate and glass to form a melt, so as to solidify the glass in the radioactive waste liquid.
As shown in fig. 1, the starting method provided by the embodiment of the invention includes the following steps S1 to S5.
Step S1, adding glass and calcinations in a preset proportion into a cold crucible.
And S2, adding a starting material into the cold crucible.
And S3, adding glass and calcinations in a preset proportion into the cold crucible again to cover the starting material.
Step S4, starting a power supply of the cold crucible to generate an electromagnetic field in the cold crucible.
And S5, adjusting the power of the power supply to enable the starting material to be heated to burn under the action of an electromagnetic field so as to enable glass and calcine in the cold crucible to be melted to form a melt.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the calcined material can improve the conductivity of the material in the cold crucible, and the starting material is buried in the glass and the calcined material by adding the glass and the calcined material in the cold crucible, so that the success rate of starting the cold crucible can be improved, the starting time is shortened, the operation is simple, and the cold crucible can be quickly brought into a running state. And the replacement process of materials in the cold crucible after starting can be omitted, so that the cold crucible directly enters the running state.
In some embodiments, the glass used in step S1 and step S3 is glass beads comprising the following components: silica, boron oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, and titanium oxide. Compared with the starting glass using a plurality of different components during starting in the related art, the embodiment only uses one glass, so that the composition of materials in the cold crucible is simplified. In addition, the glass in the embodiment is different from the starting glass in the related art in components, the starting glass generally contains zirconia and other components, and the glass in the embodiment is composed of silicon oxide, boron oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide and titanium oxide, so that materials are simplified, and cost is saved.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the height of the added glass and calcine reaches a predetermined height, such that after the starting material is added to the cold crucible, the starting material may be located at the predetermined height so that it is in a region of the cold crucible where the electromagnetic field is stronger, so that it is rapidly inductively heated by the electromagnetic field.
As shown in fig. 2, the cold crucible 10 includes a body 11 and an induction coil 12 surrounding the body 11, and a power source may supply power to the induction coil 12 such that the induction coil 12 generates an electromagnetic field within the body 11 to heat a starting material. Specifically, the predetermined height of the glass and the calcined material may be 3/10 to 8/10 of the height of the induction coil 12 of the cold crucible so that the starting material is located within the height range so as to be rapidly induction-heated by the electromagnetic field.
In some embodiments, the predetermined ratio of glass to calcine in step S1 and step S3 is 1:1 to 10:1. The ratio of the glass to the calcinated material is set in the range, so that the starting time of the cold crucible can be shortened, the cold crucible can quickly enter a normal running state, and the success rate of starting the cold crucible can be improved.
In some embodiments, in step S2, the starting material is a graphite ring. Under the electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil, eddy currents are formed inside the graphite ring and heat is generated, so that the temperature of the graphite ring gradually rises until combustion. A large amount of heat can be generated during the combustion of the graphite ring to heat the glass and the calcine, thereby melting the glass and the calcine to form a glass melting zone. The glass melting zone is gradually enlarged under the induction heating of the electromagnetic field until the glass and the calcinated matters in the cold crucible are completely melted. Specifically, the graphite ring may be annular, pie-shaped or square-frame-shaped.
In some embodiments, the amount of glass and calcine added in step S3 is 10-100 kg, which is covered on the starting material, so that the starting time of the cold crucible can be shortened.
As shown in fig. 2, at the time of starting, first, a mixture 20 of glass and calcined material is added to the cold crucible 10, and then, a graphite ring 30 is added to the cold crucible 10; next, the mixture 20 of glass and calcined material was again added to the cold crucible 10 so as to cover the graphite ring 30. After the addition of the materials is completed, the following step S4 can be performed, the power supply of the cold crucible 10 is started, the induction coil 12 is electrified, and the materials in the cold crucible are heated and melted.
In some embodiments, in step S4, the power source of the cold crucible is a high frequency power source, thereby providing a high frequency current to the cold crucible. A high frequency power source for starting the cold crucible can supply a high frequency current to the induction coil 12 to cause the induction coil 12 to generate an electromagnetic field in the crucible body 11, thereby causing eddy currents to be generated in the starting material in the crucible body 11 and generating heat.
After the power supply of the cold crucible is started, the power of the power supply is increased. In step S5, when the power of the power supply is increased, the power of the power supply may be increased stepwise or the power of the power supply may be increased linearly.
In some embodiments, in step S5, comprising: and (3) increasing the power of the power supply until the power of the power supply reaches the maximum set power so as to provide a stronger electromagnetic field for the graphite ring and enable the graphite ring to burn.
In step S5, further comprising: after the power supply reaches the maximum set power, the voltage of the power supply is maintained unchanged, so that the strongest electromagnetic heating power input is provided for the graphite ring in the cold crucible and a glass melting pool formed later, and the molten glass can be successfully expanded.
In some embodiments, the current of the power supply may also be monitored in real time after the power supply to the cold crucible is started; and judging whether the cold crucible is started successfully or not according to the current of the power supply.
Further, judging whether the cold crucible is started successfully according to the current of the power supply, comprising: and when the current of the power supply is larger than the preset current, determining that the cold crucible is started successfully. Wherein the predetermined current may be 800A.
In some embodiments, further comprising: after the current of the power supply remains stable, it is determined that the start-up of the cold crucible is completed.
In some embodiments, after the current of the power supply is monitored to be kept stable, the completion of starting the cold crucible is determined, at this time, a calcined material and glass beads formed by calcining the radioactive waste liquid can be added into the cold crucible to fuse the calcined material and glass beads, so that the cold crucible enters a normal running state, and glass solidification of the radioactive waste liquid is realized.
By adopting the starting method in the embodiment of the invention, the starting speed is higher, the average time for the current of the high-frequency power supply to reach 800A is 141min, and compared with the starting time using the starting glass, the starting time is shortened by 68min. In addition, the starting method in the embodiment of the invention only uses one glass, so that the material use is simplified. In addition, by adopting the starting method in the embodiment of the invention, the replacement process between starting and running can be omitted, and the operation is simple and easy.
The method for starting the cold crucible according to the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Firstly, starting a rotary calciner, starting feeding after the rotary calciner reaches a set temperature, enabling simulated waste liquid to enter the rotary calciner at a speed of 80L/h for calcination, and enabling formed solid calcinate to continuously enter a cold crucible. 5kg of glass is added into the cold crucible in proportion after 15min of feeding of the rotary calciner, the total mass of the calcine and the glass in the cold crucible is 200kg after 8h of operation, at the moment, a graphite ring is added into the cold crucible, and 50kg of glass and the calcine are added into the cold crucible in an accumulated mode.
Starting the high-frequency power supply, and increasing the power of the high-frequency power supply according to a cold crucible starting program until the maximum set power is reached. When the current of the high-frequency power supply is more than 800A, the molten pool formed in the crucible body can be continuously heated by the induction coil and is continuously expanded, and the starting is considered to be successful.
In this example, 7 times of start-up experiments of the cold crucible were performed at different times, and different start-up materials were added, respectively, and the start-up time in each start-up experiment, i.e., the time required for the current from starting the high-frequency power supply to rise to 800A, was shown in table 1. As can be seen from the table, when the starting glass is used for starting, the starting time is 196-218 min, the average starting time is 209min, when the starting glass and the calcined material are used for starting, the starting time is 122-161 min, the average starting time is 141min, and compared with the starting method using the starting glass, the starting time is shortened by 68min on average.
Table 1 start-up time statistics for multiple start-up experiments
It should also be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the features of the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments without conflict.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for starting a cold crucible, characterized in that the cold crucible is used for heating solid calcinations and glass formed by calcinations of radioactive waste liquid, and melting the calcinations and the glass to form a melt so as to solidify the glass of the radioactive waste liquid; the starting method is used for starting the cold crucible to make the cold crucible enter a stable running state, and comprises the following steps of:
step S1, adding glass and the calcinated objects in a preset proportion into the cold crucible;
s2, adding a starting material into the cold crucible;
step S3, adding the glass and the calcine in the preset proportion into the cold crucible again so as to cover the starting material;
step S4, starting a power supply of the cold crucible to generate an electromagnetic field in the cold crucible;
and S5, adjusting the power of the power supply to enable the starting material to be heated to burn under the action of the electromagnetic field so as to enable the glass and the calcine in the cold crucible to be melted to form a molten body.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the glass comprises the following components: silica, boron oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, and titanium oxide.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the height of the added glass and the calcine reaches a predetermined height.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step S5, it comprises:
and increasing the power of the power supply until the power of the power supply reaches the maximum set power.
5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising, in the step S5:
and after the power supply reaches the maximum set power, maintaining the voltage of the power supply unchanged.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
after the power supply is started, current of the power supply is monitored in real time;
and judging whether the cold crucible is started successfully or not according to the current of the power supply.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining whether the cold crucible was successfully started based on the current of the power source comprises:
and when the current of the power supply is larger than the preset current, determining that the cold crucible is started successfully.
8. The method as recited in claim 6, further comprising:
and after the current of the power supply is kept stable, determining that the start-up of the cold crucible is completed.
9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the starting material is a graphite ring.
10. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the predetermined ratio of the glass to the calcine is 1:1 to 10:1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311828520.7A CN117776490A (en) | 2023-12-27 | 2023-12-27 | Method for starting cold crucible |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311828520.7A CN117776490A (en) | 2023-12-27 | 2023-12-27 | Method for starting cold crucible |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117776490A true CN117776490A (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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ID=90399865
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311828520.7A Pending CN117776490A (en) | 2023-12-27 | 2023-12-27 | Method for starting cold crucible |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117776490A (en) |
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- 2023-12-27 CN CN202311828520.7A patent/CN117776490A/en active Pending
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