CN117763413A - Single building earthquake damage rapid assessment method based on risk census data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single building earthquake damage rapid assessment method based on risk census data, which comprises the following steps: (1) Obtaining the structure type in the risk screening data, and obtaining norms of the group earthquake damage indexes through fitting calculation; (2) Establishing a fuzzy judgment standard, dividing the earthquake resistance class into 4 classes according to the current situation of the house quality and the information contained in the earthquake resistance of the house, wherein the classes are respectively as follows: the anti-seismic device is favorable for anti-seismic, is unfavorable for anti-seismic and is seriously unfavorable for anti-seismic; (3) Judging the earthquake resistance level of the house according to the current situation of the house quality and the earthquake resistance of the house synthesized by the fuzzy judgment standard; (4) calculating a vibration correction coefficient according to the fuzzy vector; and (5) calculating the closeness and obtaining the damage level of the building. The invention improves the accuracy and reliability of evaluation and provides more scientific support for disaster response and decision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building evaluation, and particularly relates to a single building earthquake damage rapid evaluation method based on risk census data.
Background
The rapid and accurate assessment of the earthquake damage condition of the building after the earthquake occurs is important, is helpful for determining the safety of the building, guiding the post-disaster rescue and recovery work, and provides decision support for disaster coping for governments and related institutions. However, the mechanism of earthquake damage of the building is different from building type to building type, so that the earthquake resistance of the building is difficult to uniformly and accurately evaluate and judge, and the diversity of earthquake damage prediction methods is also determined.
The house risk screening is to survey and record relevant information such as building structures, infrastructures and the like, and is used for evaluating structural conditions and earthquake resistance of the building, and the data comprise information such as building height, area, layer number, building time, structure type, deformation damage, original fortification intensity, present fortification intensity and the like of the building. The data make up the defects of the fuzzy earthquake damage index method, so that the rapid evaluation of the earthquake damage of the single building by taking the wind power data as a data source has great advantages.
At present, at least dozens of methods for evaluating the earthquake damage prediction of the building are shared at home and abroad, and the methods can be roughly divided into historical earthquake damage statistics, expert evaluation, semi-empirical semi-theory, fuzzy analogy, structural calculation and the like. The traditional building earthquake damage assessment method has some problems; if only specific types of buildings can be predicted, the application range of the building can be limited in practical application, and the comprehensive evaluation requirement can not be met. The earthquake damage prediction method of the single building is complex, and detailed physical detection and structural analysis are usually required to obtain physical characteristics and mechanical parameters of the building, and the process involves a large amount of workload and time cost and is not suitable for rapid evaluation in emergency situations. The prediction result in the traditional method is often uncorrected and has a certain deviation, and the deviation can influence the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation result, and uncertainty is brought to disaster response and decision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single building earthquake damage rapid assessment method based on risk census data, which improves the accuracy and reliability of assessment and provides more scientific support for disaster response and decision.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly evaluating earthquake damage of a single building based on risk census data comprises the following steps:
(1) Obtaining the structure type in the risk census data, and obtaining the norm of the group earthquake damage index through fitting calculationi is earthquake intensity, j is building structure type;
(2) Establishing a fuzzy judgment standard, dividing the earthquake resistance into 4 classes according to the information contained in the earthquake resistance and the current condition of the house quality, wherein the classes are respectively as follows: the anti-seismic device is favorable for anti-seismic, is unfavorable for anti-seismic and is seriously unfavorable for anti-seismic;
the information contained in the house shock resistance comprises a conceptual design factor R11, a structural design factor R12 and a site design factor R13, the conceptual design factor R11 is judged by adopting the plane shape and the aspect ratio of a building, the structural design factor R12 is judged by adopting the size ratio of the existing fortification intensity to the original fortification intensity, and the site design factor R13 is judged by adopting the position of a house;
the information contained in the house quality status is a house quality status influencing factor R21, and the house quality status influencing factor R21 is judged through the house construction time;
(3) Comprehensively considering a house quality current situation influencing factor R21, a conceptual design factor R11, a structural design factor R12 and a site design factor R13 according to a fuzzy judgment standard to judge the house anti-seismic grade;
identifying the earthquake resistance grades of three influence factors of a conceptual design factor R11, a structural design factor R12 and a site design factor R13 of a building to be evaluated, matching a fuzzy judgment weight vector A1= (0.30.40.3) to form a first-level fuzzy comprehensive judgment matrix R1, and calculating to obtain a fuzzy vector B1=R1×A1;
the earthquake resistance grade of the house quality current situation influence factor R21 of the building to be evaluated is identified, the fuzzy discrimination weight vector A2= (0.380.62) is matched, and the fuzzy discrimination weight vector A2= (0.380.62) is combined with the fuzzy vector B1 to form a secondary fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrixCalculating to obtain a fuzzy vector B (B) 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 )＝R2×A2；
(4) According to the blur vector B (B) 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 ) Calculating a correction coefficient alpha of the earthquake damage,
wherein b is i The element in the fuzzy vector B represents the membership degree of the earthquake resistance grade; alpha vi To correct coefficient parameters, it is beneficial to alpha in building anti-seismic v1 =0.5, which is favorable for building earthquake-proof alpha v2 =1, unfavorable for building earthquake-proof α v3 =1.5, severely detrimental to building earthquake resistance α v4 ＝2；
(5) Calculating norms of fuzzy earthquake damage indexes of single buildingNorms according to the fuzzy earthquake damage index>Obtaining the closeness tau of different earthquake damage grades K under each intensity band; comparing the closeness value of each earthquake damage level under the same intensity, wherein the earthquake damage level corresponding to the maximum closeness value is the damage level of the building under the current intensity;
in the method, in the process of the invention,the system is characterized in that the system is a norm of a fuzzy earthquake damage index of a single building, i is earthquake intensity, and j is a building structure type; k is the earthquake damage grade, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,1 is basically perfect, 2 is slight damage, 3 is medium damage, 4 is serious damage, 5 is collapse,
further, the calculation of the building plan shape of the conceptual design factor R11: the concept of rectangle degree is introduced to judge that the building can be divided into four grades of regular, more regular, irregular and very irregular according to the rectangle degree, and the four grades respectively correspond to the earthquake resistance grades;
the aspect ratio of the conceptual design factor R11 refers to the ratio of the height of a building to the equivalent width, the shortest side of the minimum external rectangle is taken as the equivalent width for calculation, and the height-width ratio can be divided into four grades which are suitable, more suitable, unsuitable and very unsuitable, and respectively correspond to the anti-seismic performance grades;
acquisition of the conceptual design factor R11: comparing the regular value and the height-width ratio of the building, and taking the maximum value of the regular value and the height-width ratio as a judging basis.
Further, the site design factor R13 is obtained: and classifying and superposing the engineering geological rock group and geological disaster dangerous wind power generation data table to generate a site condition diagram, wherein the site condition diagram corresponds to the earthquake resistance grade in the evaluation standard respectively.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The method for rapidly evaluating the earthquake damage of the single building by using the risk census data avoids the time and the cost of field investigation and greatly improves the evaluation efficiency; the risk screening data is subjected to strict investigation and verification, so that the risk screening data has higher accuracy; thus, using these data for evaluation may provide reliable results, reducing subjectivity in the evaluation.
(2) The results of the assessment method using risk screening data can be traced, as both the source of the data and the processing steps are well-defined. The credibility of the evaluation result is increased, and subsequent review and verification are facilitated.
(3) The earthquake resistance of the building is represented by the rectangle degree and the aspect ratio of the graph, and a large number of earthquake damages at home and abroad show that the structure is asymmetric and irregular, the structure is easy to damage, the serious condition can occur the damage collapse of the structure, the greater the aspect ratio is, namely the thinner and higher the building is, the greater the lateral movement under the earthquake action is, and the serious overturning effect caused by the earthquake load is. Therefore, whether the building body is regular or not and the height-width ratio can be used as important indexes for measuring the earthquake resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the method for rapidly evaluating earthquake damage of a single building based on risk census data provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) Counting the structure types in the risk census data, and obtaining norms of group earthquake damage indexes through fitting calculation on the basis of collecting earthquake damage investigation data of historical earthquake and urban earthquake damage prediction result datai is earthquake intensity, j is building structure type, as shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 norms of the earthquake hazard indices of populations
(2) Establishing a fuzzy judgment standard, and grading the earthquake resistance level according to the information contained in the current situation of the earthquake resistance and the house quality, wherein the embodiment is divided into four earthquake resistance levels, namely: is favorable for earthquake resistance, is unfavorable for earthquake resistance and is seriously unfavorable for earthquake resistance.
The information contained in the earthquake resistance of the house comprises a concept design factor R11, a structural design factor R12 and a site design factor R13, the concept design factor R11 is judged by adopting the plane shape and the aspect ratio of the building, the structural design factor R12 is judged by adopting the size ratio of the existing fortification intensity to the original fortification intensity, and the site design factor R13 is judged by adopting the position of the house.
The structural design factor R12 is derived from wind power generation data.
Building plan shape of the conceptual design factor R11: in the embodiment, the concept of the rectangle degree is introduced to judge the regular degree of the plane shape of the building, and the rectangle degree refers to the ratio of the geometric area to the minimum circumscribed rectangle area. The embodiment can be divided into four grades of rule (0.9-1), more rule (0.9-0.7), irregularity (0.7-0.5) and very irregularity (less than or equal to 0.5) according to the rectangle degree, and the four grades are respectively assigned as '1, 2, 3 and 4' corresponding to the four anti-seismic grades.
The aspect ratio of the concept design factor R11 is the ratio of the height of a building to the equivalent width, the shortest side of the minimum external rectangle can be used as the equivalent width for calculation, and the four classes of suitability (less than or equal to 2), suitability (2-4), unsuitable (4-6) and unsuitable (more than 6) are classified according to the aspect ratio, and the four classes of suitability (more than 6) are respectively assigned as '1, 2, 3 and 4' corresponding to the four anti-seismic classes.
Acquisition of the concept design factor R11: comparing the rule value and the height-width ratio of the building, taking the maximum value of the rule value and the height-width ratio as a judging basis, for example, the rectangular degree of the building A is 0.6, the height-width ratio is 1.5, the rule value is 3, the height-width ratio is 1, max (3, 1) =3, and the building A is relatively unfavorable for earthquake resistance of the building.
The site design factor R13 is obtained: the embodiment classifies the earthquake-resistant vehicle into 4 categories according to geology, topography and landform, and the four earthquake-resistant grades are respectively corresponding to the four earthquake-resistant grades. Specifically, the engineering geological rock group and geological disaster dangerous wind power generation data are classified and overlapped according to table 2 to generate a site condition diagram, and the site condition diagram corresponds to the earthquake resistance grade in the evaluation standard respectively.
TABLE 2 section definition
The information contained in the house quality current situation is a house quality current situation influencing factor R21, and the house quality current situation influencing factor R21 is judged through the house construction time, and the house construction time is obtained through wind spectrum data.
Comprehensively considering a concept design factor R11, a structural design factor R12, a site design factor R13 and a house quality current situation influence factor R21 according to a fuzzy judgment standard to judge the house anti-seismic grade, wherein the judgment is shown in a table 3;
table 3 criteria for evaluation
In order to facilitate the judgment, the fuzzy judgment vectors corresponding to the four-grade judgment sentences are unified, namely the fuzzy judgment vectors are respectively: is beneficial to building earthquake resistance (0.85,0.15,0,0), is beneficial to building earthquake resistance (0.10,0.80,0.10,0), is less beneficial to building earthquake resistance (0,0.10,0.80,0.10), and is seriously unfavorable to building earthquake resistance (0,0,0.15,0.85).
(3) And identifying the earthquake resistance grades of three influencing factors of a conceptual design factor R11, a structural design factor R12 and a site design factor R13 of a certain building, matching fuzzy discrimination vectors to form a first-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix R1, and calculating to obtain a fuzzy vector B1=R1×A1 according to the fuzzy evaluation weight vector A1= (0.30.40.3).
Calculating the earthquake resistance grade of a building house quality current situation influence factor R21, and combining the earthquake resistance grade with a fuzzy vector B1 to form a secondary fuzzy comprehensive judgment matrixAccording to the fuzzy discrimination weight vector A2= (0.380.62), calculating to obtain a fuzzy vector B (B) 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 )＝A2×R2；
(4) According to the blur vector B (B) 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 ) Calculating a correction coefficient alpha of the earthquake damage,
wherein b is i Representing the membership degree of the earthquake resistance grade as the element in the fuzzy vector; alpha vi Correction coefficient parameters considered by expert analysis are favorable for building earthquake resistance alpha v1 =0.5, which is favorable for building earthquake-proof alpha v2 =1, unfavorable for building earthquake-proof α v3 =1.5, severely detrimental to building earthquake resistance α v4 ＝2。
(5) Calculating norms of fuzzy earthquake damage indexes of single buildingNorms according to the fuzzy earthquake damage index>Obtaining the closeness of each shock damage grade of basically perfect, slight damage, medium damage, serious damage and collapse under each intensity zone +.>The earthquake damage grades are respectively corresponding to the earthquake damage grades, namely 1 is basically perfect, 2 is slightly damaged, 3 is moderately damaged, 4 is severely damaged, and 5 is collapsed; and comparing the closeness value of each earthquake damage level under the same intensity, wherein the earthquake damage level corresponding to the maximum closeness value is the damage level of the building under the current intensity.
The method of this embodiment is used to evaluate a building with a brick-concrete structure, for example.
Building with a brick-concrete structure is known, and is built in 2009, and the planar shape of the building is regular and the aspect ratio is suitable; the existing fortification intensity is equal to the original fortification intensity; the building foundation is located in a more favorable earthquake-resistant zone. The earthquake damage of the building is predicted when the earthquake intensity is 6 degrees, 7 degrees, 8 degrees, 9 degrees and 10 degrees respectively.
According to the information, the grades of R11, R12 and R13 are respectively judged, fuzzy vectors are matched, and the fuzzy vectors are synthesized to obtain a first-level fuzzy comprehensive judgment matrix of the building
From the fuzzy evaluation weight vector a1= (0.3.0.4.0.3), b1=r1×a1= (0.625 0.345 0.030 0) is calculated.
The building is built in 1989-2010, and can be judged as being favorable for building earthquake resistance, so that R21= (0.10,0.80,0.10,0) and a two-level fuzzy comprehensive judgment matrix can be obtained by integrating R21 and B1
From the fuzzy evaluation weight vector a2= (0.38,0.62), b=a2×r2= (0.426 0.518 0.057 0) is calculated.
The value of B is brought to the correction coefficient α=0.426×0.5+0.518×1+0.057×1.5+0×2= 0.817.
Calculating norm of fuzzy earthquake damage index of brick-concrete structure building
And calculating the closeness, and carrying out fuzzy recognition, wherein the closeness and the recognition result are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 proximity computation and recognition results
When the earthquake intensity is 6 and the maximum value of tau is 0.981, the earthquake damage grade of the building can be considered to be basically perfect.
When the earthquake intensity is 7 and the maximum value of tau is 0.940, the earthquake damage grade of the building can be considered as slight damage.
When the earthquake intensity is 8 and the maximum value of tau is 0.954, the earthquake damage grade of the building can be considered as slight damage.
When the earthquake intensity is 9 and the maximum value of tau is 0.995, the earthquake damage grade of the building can be regarded as medium damage.
When the earthquake intensity is 10 and the maximum value of tau is 0.970, the earthquake damage grade of the building can be considered as serious damage.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification and substitution based on the technical scheme and the inventive concept provided by the present invention should be covered in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for rapidly evaluating earthquake damage of a single building based on risk census data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Obtaining the structure type in the risk census data, and obtaining the norm of the group earthquake damage index through fitting calculationi is earthquake intensity, j is building structure type;
(2) Establishing a fuzzy judgment standard, dividing the earthquake resistance into 4 classes according to the information contained in the earthquake resistance and the current condition of the house quality, wherein the classes are respectively as follows: the anti-seismic device is favorable for anti-seismic, is unfavorable for anti-seismic and is seriously unfavorable for anti-seismic;
the information contained in the house shock resistance comprises a conceptual design factor R11, a structural design factor R12 and a site design factor R13, the conceptual design factor R11 is judged by adopting the plane shape and the aspect ratio of a building, the structural design factor R12 is judged by adopting the size ratio of the existing fortification intensity to the original fortification intensity, and the site design factor R13 is judged by adopting the position of a house;
the information contained in the house quality status is a house quality status influencing factor R21, and the house quality status influencing factor R21 is judged through the house construction time;
(3) Comprehensively considering a house quality current situation influencing factor R21, a conceptual design factor R11, a structural design factor R12 and a site design factor R13 according to a fuzzy judgment standard to judge the house anti-seismic grade;
identifying the earthquake resistance grades of three influence factors of a conceptual design factor R11, a structural design factor R12 and a site design factor R13 of a building to be evaluated, matching fuzzy judgment weight vectors A1= (0.3.4.0.3) to form a first-level fuzzy comprehensive judgment matrix R1, and calculating to obtain fuzzy vectors B1=R1×A1;
the earthquake resistance grade of the house quality current situation influence factor R21 of the building to be evaluated is identified, a fuzzy discrimination weight vector A2= (0.38.0.62) is matched, and a secondary fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix is formed by combining the fuzzy weight vector A2= (0.38.62) with a fuzzy vector B1Calculating to obtain a fuzzy vector B (B) 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 )＝R2×A2；
(4) According to the blur vector B (B) 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 ) Calculating a correction coefficient alpha of the earthquake damage,
wherein b is i The element in the fuzzy vector B represents the membership degree of the earthquake resistance grade; alpha vi To correct coefficient parameters, it is beneficial to alpha in building anti-seismic v1 =0.5, which is favorable for building earthquake-proof alpha v2 =1, unfavorable for building earthquake-proof α v3 =1.5, severely detrimental to building earthquake resistance α v4 ＝2；
(5) Calculating norms of fuzzy earthquake damage indexes of single buildingAccording to norms of fuzzy earthquake damage indexesObtaining the closeness tau of different earthquake damage grades K under each intensity band; comparing the closeness value of each earthquake damage level under the same intensity, and the maximum closeness valueThe corresponding earthquake damage grade is the damage grade of the building under the current intensity;
in the method, in the process of the invention,the system is characterized in that the system is a norm of a fuzzy earthquake damage index of a single building, i is earthquake intensity, and j is a building structure type; k is the earthquake damage grade, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 respectively, 1 is basically perfect, 2 is slight damage, 3 is moderate damage, 4 is severe damage, 5 is collapse.
2. The method for rapidly evaluating earthquake damage to a single building based on risk census data according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the building plane shape of the conceptual design factor R11: the concept of rectangle degree is introduced to judge that the building can be divided into four grades of regular, more regular, irregular and very irregular according to the rectangle degree, and the four grades respectively correspond to the earthquake resistance grades;
the aspect ratio of the conceptual design factor R11 refers to the ratio of the height of a building to the equivalent width, the shortest side of the minimum external rectangle is taken as the equivalent width for calculation, and the height-width ratio can be divided into four grades which are suitable, more suitable, unsuitable and very unsuitable, and respectively correspond to the anti-seismic performance grades;
acquisition of the conceptual design factor R11: comparing the regular value and the height-width ratio of the building, and taking the maximum value of the regular value and the height-width ratio as a judging basis.
3. The method for rapidly evaluating earthquake damage of a single building based on risk census data according to claim 1, wherein the site design factor R13 is obtained by: and classifying and superposing the engineering geological rock group and geological disaster dangerous wind power generation data table to generate a site condition diagram, wherein the site condition diagram corresponds to the earthquake resistance grade in the evaluation standard respectively.
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