CN117761575A - Magnetic modulation technology-based leakage electric safety detection device and method for energy storage system - Google Patents

Magnetic modulation technology-based leakage electric safety detection device and method for energy storage system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117761575A
CN117761575A CN202311764356.8A CN202311764356A CN117761575A CN 117761575 A CN117761575 A CN 117761575A CN 202311764356 A CN202311764356 A CN 202311764356A CN 117761575 A CN117761575 A CN 117761575A
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current
magnetic modulation
leakage
energy storage
signal
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CN202311764356.8A
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王兴刚
黄欢
程金希
王志文
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Changshu Ruite Intelligent Ship Equipment Research Institute Co ltd
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Changshu Ruite Intelligent Ship Equipment Research Institute Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage system leakage electric safety detection device based on a magnetic modulation technology, which comprises: an energy storage battery; the high-voltage distribution box is electrically connected with the energy storage battery, a direct current leakage detection assembly is arranged in the high-voltage distribution box, the direct current leakage detection assembly comprises a magnetic modulation type current transformer and a controller, a direct current side positive and negative electrode cable simultaneously penetrates through a center hole of the magnetic modulation type current transformer, the magnetic modulation type current transformer is connected with the controller, and the controller is used for sending an excitation signal to a coil of the magnetic modulation type current transformer; the alternating current side of the converter is connected with the power grid in a hanging mode, and the direct current side of the converter is electrically connected with the high-voltage distribution box. The invention also discloses a detection method of the leakage electric safety detection device of the energy storage system based on the magnetic modulation technology. Compared with the prior art, the invention realizes the electric leakage detection on the direct current side of the energy storage battery and prevents the electric fire in advance.

Description

Magnetic modulation technology-based leakage electric safety detection device and method for energy storage system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage electrical safety, in particular to an energy storage system leakage electrical safety detection device and method based on a magnetic modulation technology.
Background
The characteristic of unstable power generation of new energy is that the impact on the power grid is large, and the development of energy storage is promoted. The energy storage can play a role in peak clipping and valley filling and stabilizing the regulation of a power grid, wherein the electrochemical battery is flexible in energy storage, high in energy density, high in charge and discharge speed and low in cost, and is widely used in the current medium-small energy storage system. The energy storage system provides energy support for dispatching of the whole power network, and participates in supply and demand management of the power system, so that the energy storage system is an important component of a plurality of links for transmission and distribution of the power system.
There are two main types of fire hazards that initiate the combustion of energy storage power stations: firstly, the battery is in thermal runaway or the battery is impacted by external stress to cause fire disaster in the charging and discharging process; secondly, the problems of insulation aging and the like of the electric circuit on the edge cause local heating or ignition initiation. In order to prevent an electrical fire, it is necessary to effectively detect the occurrence of residual current (commonly known as leakage).
The conventional leakage monitoring and protection are only effective on an alternating current power system, and an energy storage battery is measured as a direct current system, so that the leakage monitoring cannot be performed in a traditional mode, and the whole energy storage industry cannot perform leakage monitoring and protection on the battery direct current system at present.
When the existing energy storage system detects insulation resistance, the insulation resistance detection method (bridge method) of the power battery of the electric automobile is generally directly used for measurement. The energy storage PCS direct current measurement is connected with an energy storage battery, and the alternating current side is connected with the mains supply in a hanging mode.
At present, many energy storage PCS are non-isolated, a certain impedance exists from a direct current end to an alternating current end, and direct current internal resistance measurement is connected in parallel from the PCS internal resistance to the alternating current end, so that an impedance parallel effect is achieved, and a plurality of machines are connected in parallel. The utility power side can also be connected with various loads in a hanging mode, the impedance of an alternating current inlet wire of the utility power relative to PE is smaller, in a non-isolation system, except for a charging and discharging loop in direct current side detection, once a PCS is closed, compared with the PCS before starting up, the method of measuring insulation impedance by adopting a bridge method can be lower, a detection loop of the direct current side can be connected in parallel through the non-isolation system, insulation impedance detection value is reduced, and therefore measurement is inaccurate and normal system interference is caused. The insulation resistance monitoring mode also requires high voltage to be connected to the circuit to be tested, resulting in unsafe conditions.
Therefore, in the energy storage system, the mode of monitoring insulation resistance is adopted on the direct current side to achieve unreliable electrical safety prevention of the system. At present, no mode for monitoring electric leakage of a battery direct current system exists in the energy storage industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: the utility model provides an energy storage system electric leakage electrical safety detection device and method based on magnetism modulation technique to solve insulation monitoring unreliable, mutual interference problem, realize the electric leakage detection to energy storage battery direct current side, prevent electric fire in advance.
In order to achieve the above objective, in one aspect, the present invention discloses an electrical safety detection device for electric leakage of an energy storage system based on a magnetic modulation technology, comprising:
an energy storage battery for storing electric energy;
the high-voltage distribution box is electrically connected with the energy storage battery, a direct current leakage detection assembly is arranged in the high-voltage distribution box, the direct current leakage detection assembly comprises a magnetic modulation type current transformer and a controller, a direct current side positive and negative electrode cable simultaneously penetrates through a center hole of the magnetic modulation type current transformer, a protection switch for cutting off a positive and negative electrode loop is arranged on the direct current side close to the battery side, the magnetic modulation type current transformer is connected with the controller, and the controller is used for sending an excitation signal to a coil of the magnetic modulation type current transformer and processing a signal fed back by the magnetic modulation type current transformer;
the alternating current side of the converter is connected with the power grid in a hanging mode, and the direct current side of the converter is electrically connected with the high-voltage distribution box.
On the other hand, the invention also discloses a detection method of the leakage electric safety detection device of the energy storage system based on the magnetic modulation technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1, a controller sends an excitation signal which continuously oscillates to a coil of a magnetic modulation type current transformer;
s2, under the action of a periodic alternating excitation field of an excitation signal, a coil of the magnetic modulation type current transformer enables a magnetic core to be in a periodic supersaturation state, and a magnetic modulation waveform is generated;
s3, the current sampling unit outputs the demodulated leakage current signal to the signal conditioning unit;
s4, the signal conditioning unit converts the output demodulation signal into an effective analog signal and inputs the effective analog signal into the core processing unit;
and S5, the core processing unit calculates the effective value of the leakage current, and when the effective value of the leakage current reaches a preset action threshold value, an output action signal drives a trigger protection switch to trip, so that the main loop of the energy storage system is disconnected.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. in the invention, the leakage monitoring on the direct current side of the energy storage battery is realized by adding the direct current leakage detection component in the high-voltage distribution box PDU in the energy storage system, thereby preventing the occurrence of electric fire caused by leakage. When the direct current leakage detection device with the magnetic modulation type current transformer is adopted, positive and negative cables on the direct current side directly penetrate through the transformer, the collection of leakage signals is electrically isolated from a main loop circuit, the impedance change of the main loop is not influenced, and the direct current leakage detection device is safe and reliable.
2. In the invention, when the electric leakage condition occurs at any point on the DC side of the battery, the current flowing through the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the magnetic modulation type current transformer is unbalanced, the transformer performs early warning by detecting the unbalanced current, and the loop switch can be directly driven to be disconnected when the unbalanced current is severe, so that the protection is realized.
3. Compared with the prevention of electric fire through insulation monitoring, the invention realizes detection through a magnetic modulation and induction mode, has no direct contact with a high-voltage main loop, and is safe, reliable, high in testing precision, stable, low in cost and simple to realize.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system in an electrical safety detection device for electric leakage of the energy storage system based on a magnetic modulation technology.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of leakage monitoring of an electrical safety detection device for energy storage system leakage based on magnetic modulation technique
Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of exciting square wave voltage and exciting current when no leakage current exists in the leakage electric safety detection device of the energy storage system based on the magnetic modulation technology.
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of output voltage of a magnetic core flowing through a forward leakage current in an energy storage system leakage electrical safety detection device based on magnetic modulation technique
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of output voltage of a magnetic core flowing through a reverse leakage current in an energy storage system leakage electrical safety detection device based on magnetic modulation technique
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of output voltage of leakage signal in an energy storage system leakage electrical safety detection device based on magnetic modulation technique
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of calculating leakage current by a core processing unit in the leakage electrical safety detection device of the energy storage system based on the magnetic modulation technology.
Fig. 8 is a flow chart of a voltage interruption procedure of a controller in the leakage electrical safety detection device of the energy storage system based on the magnetic modulation technology.
Fig. 9 is a frequency detection flow chart of a controller in the electric safety detection device for the leakage of the energy storage system based on the magnetic modulation technology.
Legend description:
1. a magnetically modulated current transformer; 2. and a controller.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention discloses an energy storage system leakage electric safety detection device based on a magnetic modulation technology, which comprises:
an energy storage battery for storing electric energy;
the high-voltage distribution box (PDU) is electrically connected with the energy storage battery, a direct current leakage detection assembly is arranged in the high-voltage distribution box, the direct current leakage detection assembly comprises a magnetic modulation type current transformer 1 and a controller 2, a direct current side positive and negative electrode cable simultaneously passes through a center hole of the magnetic modulation type current transformer 1, a protection switch for cutting off a positive and negative electrode loop is arranged on the direct current side close to the battery side, the magnetic modulation type current transformer 1 is connected with the controller 2, and the controller 2 is used for sending an excitation signal to a coil of the magnetic modulation type current transformer 1 and processing a signal fed back by the magnetic modulation type current transformer 1;
and the alternating current side of the converter (PCS) is connected with the power grid in a hanging mode, and the direct current side of the converter (PCS) is electrically connected with the high-voltage distribution box.
Referring to fig. 1, in the case that the PCS of the converter is non-isolated, the dc side of the battery is electrically connected to the ac side of the power grid, so that the dc side is connected to the dc side of other places and other loads, for example, insulation monitoring is adopted in the place, and the dc side cannot cooperate with insulation monitoring of other points, so that mutual interference is generated. When the direct current leakage detection device with the magnetic modulation type current transformer is adopted, positive and negative cables on the direct current side directly penetrate through the transformer, the collection of leakage signals is electrically isolated from a main loop circuit, the impedance change of the main loop is not influenced, and the direct current leakage detection device is safe and reliable.
The conventional leakage current transformer cannot detect the dc leakage current because the dc has no alternating electric field. The leakage current is a vector difference value caused by current unbalance, and is smaller and is in the milliamp level. The magnetic modulation type current transformer is different from the traditional leakage current transformer. In the invention, when the electric leakage condition occurs at any point on the DC side of the battery, the current flowing through the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the magnetic modulation type current transformer is unbalanced, the transformer performs early warning by detecting the unbalanced current (i.e. the vector sum is not zero), and the loop switch can be directly driven to be disconnected when the unbalanced current is serious, thereby realizing protection.
The insulation monitoring needs to be connected into a high-voltage main loop, the test is realized by means of high voltage or active injection of high voltage, dependence or influence is caused on a tested circuit, the impedance of the loop can be influenced by a technical mode of an electric bridge, and multiple paths of insulation monitoring can be mutually influenced, so that the insulation monitoring is not beneficial to being used in a non-isolated power system. Compared with the prevention of electric fire through insulation monitoring, the invention realizes detection through a magnetic modulation and induction mode, has no direct contact with a high-voltage main loop, and is safe, reliable, high in testing precision, stable, low in cost and simple to realize.
The detection method of the leakage electric safety detection device of the energy storage system comprises the following steps:
s1, a controller 2 sends an excitation signal which continuously oscillates to a coil of a magnetic modulation type current transformer 1;
s2, under the action of a periodic alternating excitation field of an excitation signal, a coil of the magnetic modulation type current transformer 1 enables a magnetic core to be in a periodic supersaturation state, and a magnetic modulation waveform is generated;
s3, the current sampling unit outputs the demodulated leakage current signal to the signal conditioning unit;
s4, the signal conditioning unit converts the output demodulation signal into an effective analog signal and inputs the effective analog signal into the core processing unit;
and S5, the core processing unit calculates the effective value of the leakage current, and when the effective value of the leakage current reaches a preset action threshold value, an output action signal drives a trigger protection switch to trip, so that the main loop of the energy storage system is disconnected.
Referring to fig. 2 of the specification, the controller 2 includes a current sampling unit, a signal conditioning unit, a core processing unit and a power supply, where the current sampling unit is connected with the power supply, and the current sampling unit is configured to send an continuously oscillating excitation signal to a coil of the magnetic modulation current transformer 1, so that the coil of the magnetic modulation current transformer 1 generates a magnetic modulation waveform, outputs a demodulated leakage current signal, and the signal conditioning unit is configured to convert the output demodulation signal into an effective analog signal and input the effective analog signal to the core processing unit, and the core processing unit is configured to calculate an effective value of the leakage current, and when the effective value of the leakage current reaches a preset action threshold, the core processing unit outputs the action signal to trigger the protection switch to trip, and disconnect the main loop. The signal conditioning unit is a high-speed high-precision ADC, and the core processing unit is a microprocessor chip MCU. The current sampling unit comprises a sampling resistor R2 and a voltage comparator, wherein secondary side coil current of the magnetic modulation type current transformer 1 flows through the sampling resistor R2, i=uth/R2 when the secondary side coil current reaches a threshold current, the voltage of the sampling resistor R2 reaches the threshold voltage +Ur set by the voltage comparator, and the output level of the voltage comparator is inverted.
Referring to fig. 2-6 of the specification, the detection principle of the direct current leakage detection component is as follows:
the basic principle of detection is shown in fig. 2, wherein R1 is the internal resistance of a transformer coil, and R2 is a sampling resistor. When the secondary coil current of the transformer reaches the threshold current, i=uth/R2, the voltage of the sampling resistor reaches the threshold voltage +ur set by the voltage comparator, the output level of the voltage comparator is turned over, the exciting voltage is driven, and finally a high-frequency square wave exciting voltage U with equal positive and negative amplitudes is generated OH And U OL ApplyingAnd on the secondary side winding of the transformer, forward and reverse excitation of the magnetic core is realized.
Exciting square wave voltage is U OH And U OL The current change range of the secondary side coil is-I TH To +I TH Between, I TH =U TH R2, the voltage variation range across the sampling resistor R2 is thus in the threshold voltage-U TH And +U TH Between them.
Referring to fig. 3, when leakage current ip=0, the square wave voltage and exciting current waveform are excited, and the voltage U is excited in the forward direction OH Under the action, when the exciting magnetic field is continuously increased to make the magnetic core saturated, the flux linkage change of the secondary side winding is smaller, the inductance L is also smaller, the inductance of the exciting winding is smaller, and the exciting winding is almost negligible, namely at t 0 ~t 1 And t 2 ~t 3 The excitation current rising rate is high during the period; when the magnetic core works in an unsaturated region, the flux linkage of the secondary side winding is changed greatly, the inductance L value is also large, and the inductance reactance of the exciting winding is large, so that when the magnetic core works in an unsaturated period, namely t 1 ~t 2 The internal exciting current changes slowly. When the sampling voltage of the sampling resistor R2 exceeds the threshold voltage +U TH When the output level of the voltage comparator inverts to drive the exciting voltage, the voltage begins to be U OL Reverse excitation and positive and negative excitation are alternately performed under the voltage.
When the leakage current Ip is not equal to 0, a weak direct current signal I is introduced into the magnetic core, the magnetic core forms a bias magnetic field under the action of a magnetic field generated by the direct current signal I, and the symmetry of alternating magnetic flux in the magnetic core is destroyed, so that the excitation current is not symmetric in positive and negative directions, namely, the excitation current corresponding to the positive and negative saturation of the magnetic core is not equal in size. In an oscillation period, when a positive leakage current flows through the magnetic core, the average voltage across the sampling resistor is negative, i.e. the whole moves downwards relative to the output voltage when ip=0, see fig. 4.
When a reverse residual current flows through the magnetic core, the average voltage across the sampling resistor is positive, i.e. moves up as a whole with respect to the output voltage of the sampling resistor when ip=0, see in particular fig. 5.
The direct current leakage detection component detects the leakage current by detecting the variation of the exciting current.
The controller 2 generates an excitation signal to stimulate the coil of the transformer, and then uses the singlechip to analyze the signal, so that the circuit is simplified, the hardware cost is reduced, the control is flexible, and the advantages of small volume, low cost and high reliability are achieved. The controller 2 adopts a software magnetic modulation demodulation algorithm model to decompose and analyze the leakage signal of the direct current side of the energy storage battery. The software program in the controller 2 mainly comprises a main program and an interrupt service program, wherein the interrupt service program is mainly used for processing events such as A/D interrupt, leakage current test, communication and the like. See fig. 7-9.
Working principle: the direct current leakage detection device realizes reliable collection of energy storage direct current side leakage signals, adopts a current transformer based on a magnetic modulation technology, adopts a material with high magnetic conductivity as a magnetic core of the transformer, sends an continuously oscillating excitation signal to a coil on the transformer through an electronic circuit, and the transformer with the high magnetic conductivity material enables the soft magnetic core to be in a periodic supersaturation state under the action of a periodic alternating excitation field of the excitation signal, modulates an axial detected magnetic field by utilizing the change of magnetic flux, then converts a detected target magnetic field into a voltage signal to be output, thereby realizing the magnetic measurement technology of the energy storage direct current side leakage signals.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. An energy storage system electric leakage electrical safety detection device based on magnetic modulation technology, which is characterized by comprising:
an energy storage battery for storing electric energy;
the high-voltage distribution box is electrically connected with the energy storage battery, a direct current leakage detection assembly is arranged in the high-voltage distribution box, the direct current leakage detection assembly comprises a magnetic modulation type current transformer and a controller, a direct current side positive and negative electrode cable simultaneously penetrates through a center hole of the magnetic modulation type current transformer, a protection switch for cutting off a positive and negative electrode loop is arranged on the direct current side close to the battery side, the magnetic modulation type current transformer is connected with the controller, and the controller is used for sending an excitation signal to a coil of the magnetic modulation type current transformer and processing a signal fed back by the magnetic modulation type current transformer;
and the alternating current side of the converter is connected with the power grid in a hanging way, and the direct current side of the converter is electrically connected with the high-voltage distribution box.
2. The leakage electrical safety detection device of the energy storage system based on the magnetic modulation technology according to claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a current sampling unit, a signal conditioning unit, a core processing unit and a power supply, the current sampling unit is connected with the power supply, the current sampling unit is simultaneously used for sending an excitation signal which continuously oscillates to a coil of the magnetic modulation current transformer, so that the coil of the magnetic modulation current transformer generates a magnetic modulation waveform and outputs a demodulated leakage current signal, the signal conditioning unit is used for converting the outputted demodulation signal into an effective analog signal and inputting the effective value of the leakage current into the core processing unit, and the core processing unit is used for calculating the effective value of the leakage current, and when the effective value of the leakage current reaches a preset action threshold, the core processing unit outputs the action signal to drive a trigger protection switch to trip and disconnect a main loop.
3. The leakage electrical safety detection device for the energy storage system based on the magnetic modulation technology according to claim 2, wherein the current sampling unit comprises a sampling resistor R2 and a voltage comparator, the secondary side coil current of the magnetic modulation current transformer flows through the sampling resistor R2, when the secondary side coil current reaches a threshold current, i=uth/R2, the voltage of the sampling resistor R2 reaches a threshold voltage +ur set by the voltage comparator, and the output level of the voltage comparator is inverted.
4. A detection method of an electrical leakage safety detection device for an energy storage system based on a magnetic modulation technique according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, a controller sends an excitation signal which continuously oscillates to a coil of a magnetic modulation type current transformer;
s2, under the action of a periodic alternating excitation field of an excitation signal, a coil of the magnetic modulation type current transformer enables a magnetic core to be in a periodic supersaturation state, and a magnetic modulation waveform is generated;
s3, the current sampling unit outputs the demodulated leakage current signal to the signal conditioning unit;
s4, the signal conditioning unit converts the output demodulation signal into an effective analog signal and inputs the effective analog signal into the core processing unit;
and S5, the core processing unit calculates the effective value of the leakage current, and when the effective value of the leakage current reaches a preset action threshold value, an output action signal drives a trigger protection switch to trip, so that the main loop of the energy storage system is disconnected.
CN202311764356.8A 2023-12-20 2023-12-20 Magnetic modulation technology-based leakage electric safety detection device and method for energy storage system Pending CN117761575A (en)

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CN202311764356.8A CN117761575A (en) 2023-12-20 2023-12-20 Magnetic modulation technology-based leakage electric safety detection device and method for energy storage system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311764356.8A CN117761575A (en) 2023-12-20 2023-12-20 Magnetic modulation technology-based leakage electric safety detection device and method for energy storage system

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CN117761575A true CN117761575A (en) 2024-03-26

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