CN117749318A

CN117749318A - Encoding/decoding method and device

Info

Publication number: CN117749318A
Application number: CN202211124987.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡建悦; 欧松林; 黄欣; 鹿智萃
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-15
Filing date: 2022-09-15
Publication date: 2024-03-22
Also published as: WO2024055894A1

Abstract

An encoding/decoding method and apparatus, wherein the decoding method comprises: receiving a codeword from a satellite communication device, wherein the codeword is obtained by encoding a polarization code; and decoding the code word according to M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code, wherein M is an integer greater than 1. Under the condition of no priori information auxiliary decoding, the method can realize polarization decoding of the received code word.

Description

Encoding/decoding method and device

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to an encoding/decoding method and device.

Background

In satellite communication systems, turbo codes or low density parity check (low density parity check, LDPC) codes are used for channel coding, and frame structure design has been completed and applied in a large scale. The performance and complexity of Turbo codes or LDPC codes are to be further improved, and how to improve the performance and complexity of channel coding is a problem worthy of research.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides an encoding/decoding method and device, which are used for improving the performance of channel coding and reducing the complexity of coding.

In a first aspect, there is provided a decoding method applied to a decoding scenario without a priori information, the method being performed by a receiving device or a chip or circuit applied to the receiving device, the method comprising: receiving a codeword from a satellite communication device, wherein the codeword is obtained by encoding a polarization code; and decoding the code word according to M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code, wherein M is an integer greater than 1.

By the design, the characteristics of satellite communication service and polarization codes are considered, and when the polarization codes are introduced to perform channel coding, a plurality of coding modes exist. In this embodiment of the present application, the receiving device decodes the received codeword according to M preset candidate code patterns of the polar code (optionally, the M preset candidate code patterns may be all preset candidate code patterns of the polar code), and implements polar decoding of the received codeword in a scenario where decoding is not assisted by the priori information.

In one design, the decoding the codeword according to M preset candidate patterns of the polarization code includes: determining one candidate code pattern in the M preset candidate code patterns; decoding the code word according to the determined candidate code pattern; if the decoding is successful, ending the flow; or decoding fails, and determining another candidate code pattern in the M preset candidate code patterns; and continuing to decode the code word by using the other candidate code pattern until the code word is successfully decoded or until the decoding of the polarization code by the M preset candidate code patterns fails.

Through the design, the receiving equipment traverses M preset candidate code patterns of the polarized codes, performs polarization decoding on the received code words, and decodes the polarized codes on the premise of no prior information auxiliary decoding.

In one design, the method further comprises: sorting the M preset candidate code patterns according to the coding performance of the M preset candidate code patterns; and selecting decoded candidate code patterns from the M ordered preset candidate code patterns in sequence. Optionally, the coding performance of the M preset candidate code patterns includes one or more of the following: the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns or the coding code rates of the M preset candidate code patterns.

Through the design, the M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization codes are ordered according to the coding performance. For example, candidate patterns with good coding performance are ranked in the front, and candidate patterns with poor coding performance are ranked in the rear. And sequentially selecting the candidate code patterns for decoding from the M preset candidate code patterns according to the front-to-back arrangement sequence of the M preset candidate code patterns. When the coding end performs polarization coding on information to be transmitted, the coding end can preferentially select a candidate code pattern with good coding performance from M preset candidate code patterns to perform coding. Therefore, the decoding speed can be increased by adopting the design.

In one design, the method further comprises: sorting the M preset candidate code patterns according to the occurrence probability of the M preset candidate code patterns or the occurrence probability of parameters of the M preset candidate code patterns; among the M ordered preset candidate code patterns, the decoded candidate code patterns are sequentially selected, and parameters of the M preset candidate code patterns include one or more of the following: the information bit length of the M preset candidate code patterns or the code length of the M preset candidate code patterns.

Through the design, the M preset candidate code patterns are ordered according to the occurrence probability of the M preset candidate code patterns or the occurrence probability of parameters in the M preset candidate code patterns. The candidate code pattern with high occurrence probability or the candidate code pattern corresponding to the parameter with high occurrence probability is preferentially selected for decoding, so that the decoding speed can be increased.

In a second aspect, there is provided an encoding method, the execution subject of which is a transmitting apparatus, or a chip or a circuit provided in the transmitting apparatus, the method comprising: determining a first code pattern according to the coding performance of M preset candidate code patterns of a polarization code, wherein M is an integer greater than 1; performing polarization coding on information to be transmitted according to the first code pattern; the encoded codeword is transmitted to a satellite communication device. Optionally, the coding performance of the M preset candidate code patterns includes one or more of the following: the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns or the coding code rates of the M preset candidate code patterns.

Through the design, when the transmitting equipment performs polarization coding on the information to be transmitted, according to the coding performance, the transmitting equipment selects a first code pattern from M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code, and performs polarization coding on the information to be transmitted. For example, the coding performance is a code pattern with the coding gain meeting the condition, and the information to be transmitted is subjected to polarization coding by using the first code pattern with the coding gain meeting the condition, so that the reliability and the anti-interference capability of information transmission are improved.

In one design, after encoding with the polarization code, the method further comprises: and encoding the code word obtained by the polarization encoding by using a low-density parity check LDPC code or a Turbo code.

Through the design, in the satellite communication system, the LDPC code or the Turbo code is originally utilized to carry out channel coding, and the polarization code is nested in the information bit of the original LDPC code or the Turbo code, so that the original system can be compatible as far as possible, the influence on old equipment is small, and the equipment can be ensured to normally work after transformation.

In a third aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising means or modules corresponding to the method described in the first or second aspect, the means or modules being implemented by hardware circuitry, or by software, or by a combination of hardware circuitry and software.

In a fourth aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising a processor and interface circuitry, the processor being for communicating with other apparatus via the interface circuitry and performing the method of the first or second aspect described above. The processor includes one or more.

In a fifth aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising a processor coupled to a memory for executing a program stored in the memory to perform the method described in the first or second aspect above. The memory may be located within the device or may be located external to the device. And the processor may be one or more.

In a sixth aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes a processor and a memory; the memory is for storing computer instructions which, when executed by the apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method described in the first or second aspect above.

In a seventh aspect, there is provided a chip system comprising: a processor or circuitry for performing the method described in the first or second aspect above.

In an eighth aspect, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein which, when run on an apparatus, cause the method described in the first or second aspect above to be performed.

In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the method described in the first or second aspect above to be performed.

In a tenth aspect, there is provided a system comprising means for performing the method of the first aspect, and means for performing the method of the second aspect. Optionally, the system may also include a satellite communication device.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture applied in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of decoding provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of encoding provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of nested encoding provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a coding schematic diagram corresponding to the nested coding provided in the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic decoding diagram corresponding to the nested encoding according to the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8 is another schematic structural diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 is a schematic architecture diagram of a communication system to which embodiments of the present application apply. As shown in fig. 1, the communication system 1000 includes a terminal 110, a satellite communication device 120, and a ground station 130.

The terminal 110 is a device having a wireless transceiving function. For example, the terminal 110 may be referred to as a terminal device, a User Equipment (UE), a mobile station, a mobile terminal, or the like. The terminal may be widely applied to various scenes, for example, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-device (vehicle to everything, V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), internet of things (internet of things, IOT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autopilot, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wear, smart transportation, smart city, and the like. The terminal can be a mobile phone, a tablet personal computer, a computer with a wireless receiving and transmitting function, a wearable device, a vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a helicopter, an airplane, a ship, a robot, a mechanical arm, intelligent household equipment and the like. The embodiment of the application does not limit the specific technology and the specific equipment form adopted by the terminal.

The satellite communication device 120 is mainly used for providing relay and communication functions. The relay function refers to mutual communication between satellites. Referring to fig. 1, a satellite 121 and a satellite 122 are included in a satellite communication device 120. Satellite 121 may provide signal relay functionality, receive signals transmitted by satellite 122, and forward the signals to ground station 130 or terminal 110. Similarly, satellite 122 may provide signal relay functionality, receive signals transmitted by satellite 121, and forward the signals to ground station 130 or terminal 110. The communication function refers to forwarding a signal transmitted from the ground station 130 to the terminal 110, or forwarding a signal transmitted from the terminal 110 to the ground station 130, or the like. In the uplink communication, uplink signals transmitted by terminal 110 may be transmitted to ground station 130 via one or more satellites. During downlink communications, downlink signals transmitted by ground station 130 may be transmitted to terminal 110 via one or more satellites. The satellite communication device 120 may be, without limitation, a geostationary orbit (geostationary earth orbit, GEO) satellite, a medium earth orbit (medium earth orbit, MEO) satellite, an inclined geosynchronous orbit (inclined geosynchronous orbit, IGSO) satellite, a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite, or a satellite in a high altitude communication platform (high altitude platform station, HAPS) system, or the like. The specific technology and specific device configuration adopted by the satellite communication device are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

The ground station 130 is used for connecting the satellite communication device 120 and the core network, and can control the satellite communication device 120 to forward uplink signals or downlink signals and can also control the orbit and attitude adjustment of the satellite communication device 120; on the other hand, the base station can be used as a wireless communication base station. The ground station 130 may be a base station (base station), an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission and reception point (transmission reception point, TRP), a next generation NodeB (gNB) in a fifth generation (5th generation,5G) mobile communication system, a next generation base station in a sixth generation (6th generation,6G) mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, wiFi) system, etc.; the present invention may also be a module or unit that performs a function of a base station part, for example, a Central Unit (CU) or a Distributed Unit (DU). The CU here performs the functions of radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) protocol and packet data convergence layer protocol (packet data convergence protocol, PDCP) of the base station, and may also perform the functions of service data adaptation protocol (service data adaptation protocol, SDAP); the DU performs functions of a radio link control (radio link control, RLC) layer and a medium access control (medium access control, MAC) layer of the base station, and may also perform functions of a part of Physical (PHY) layer or all physical layers, and for a detailed description of the above-mentioned respective protocol layers, reference may be made to related technical specifications of the third generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project,3GPP). The ground station 130 may be a macro base station, a micro base station, an indoor station, a relay node, a donor node, or the like. The specific techniques and specific equipment configurations employed by the ground station 130 are not limited in this embodiment. For ease of description, a base station is described below as an example of the ground station 130.

The terminals and base stations may be fixed locations or mobile, without limitation. Terminals and base stations may be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, hand-held or vehicle-mounted, and the like. Alternatively, it may be deployed on the surface of the water; alternatively, it may be deployed on an aircraft, balloon, satellite, etc. in the air. Satellite communication devices are deployed in space with a specific satellite flight altitude of less than 1000 km (known as low orbit satellite), or a flight altitude between 1000 km and 2000 km (known as medium orbit satellite), or a flight altitude of greater than 2000 km (known as high orbit satellite), etc. The application scenes of the terminal, the satellite communication equipment and the base station are not limited.

Fig. 1 is merely a schematic diagram, and the communication system 1000 may also include other network devices. For example, a core network may also be included, not shown in fig. 1. The terminal is connected with the satellite communication equipment in a wireless mode, the satellite communication equipment is connected with the base station in a wireless mode, and the base station is connected with the core network in a wireless or wired mode. The core network device and the base station may be separate physical devices, or the functions of the core network device and the logic functions of the base station may be integrated on the same physical device, or the functions of part of the core network device and the functions of part of the base station may be integrated on one physical device. The terminals and the ground stations can be connected in a wired or wireless mode.

In the embodiments of the present application, the functions of the base station may be performed by a module (such as a chip) in the base station, or by a control subsystem including the functions of the base station. The subsystem comprising the base station control function can be a control center in the application scenarios of smart power grids, industrial control, intelligent transportation, smart cities and the like. The functions of the terminal may be performed by a module in the terminal, such as a chip or modem, or by a device containing the functions of the terminal, etc.

In the embodiment of the present application, the communication system may be a non-terrestrial network (non-terrestrial network, NTN) communication system, a future evolved public land mobile network (public land mobile network, PLMN) system, a future sixth generation wireless communication system, or a beidou satellite communication system, which is not limited.

In satellite communication systems, the conventional approach is to use low density parity check (low density parity check, LDPC) codes, or Turbo (Turbo) codes for channel coding. For LDPC codes or Turbo codes, the coding pattern is typically fixed. For the receiving device, the above-mentioned fixed code pattern is adopted to decode the received code word. Since the performance and complexity of the LDPC code or Turbo code are to be further improved, it is considered to introduce polarization (polar) codes for channel coding. The polarization code is a good code which can reach shannon limit in theory and has relatively simple decoding complexity, so that the polarization code is adopted for channel coding, the coding performance can be improved, and the coding/decoding complexity can be reduced. Considering the characteristics of satellite service and polarization codes, when the polarization codes are introduced to perform channel coding, a plurality of coding modes exist. The transmitting device may select one of a plurality of coding modes to code the user information. How to decode received codewords is a current research direction for receiving devices. In one design, the receiving device may decode based on a priori information. For example, the receiving device may select one of a plurality of code patterns based on the prior information; the received codeword is decoded according to the selected code pattern. When the receiving device cannot obtain the priori information to assist in decoding, how the receiving device decodes the received codeword is a technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the present application.

In the embodiment of the application, when receiving a codeword, the receiving device encodes the codeword by using a polarization code. The receiving device may obtain M preset candidate patterns of the polarization code, where M is an integer greater than 1. The receiving device decodes the received codeword according to the M preset candidate patterns. For example, selecting one candidate code pattern from M preset candidate code patterns, decoding the received code word, and ending decoding if the decoding is successful; otherwise, selecting another candidate code pattern from the M preset candidate code patterns to continue decoding the received code word until the direct decoding is successful or until the decoding of the M preset candidate code patterns fails.

The following describes a decoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application with reference to fig. 2, where the method includes:

step 201: the receiving device receives a codeword from the satellite communication device, the codeword being a codeword encoded by a polarization code.

The transmitting device may perform polarization encoding on the information to be transmitted by using the polarization code to obtain a codeword. For example, the transmitting device selects one candidate code pattern from M preset candidate code patterns corresponding to the polarization code; the transmitting device encodes the information to be transmitted by using the selected candidate code pattern to obtain a codeword, and transmits the codeword to the satellite communication device. The satellite communication device may act as a relay forwarding the received codeword to the receiving device. When receiving the code word, the receiving device decodes the received code word by adopting the decoding method shown in fig. 2.

In the coding system, one codeword=information bit+code bit, the information bit refers to an original information bit to be transmitted by the transmitting apparatus, and the code bit refers to a redundancy bit newly added by a channel coding algorithm. For example, the original information bits to be transmitted are subjected to polarization encoding, and the obtained codeword=the original information bits to be transmitted+the newly added redundancy bits after polarization encoding. The code length describes the length of one codeword, generally denoted by N. The information bits describe the length of the original information to be transmitted, generally denoted by k. One pattern is generally denoted (k, N).

In the embodiment of the present application, the transmission apparatus does not limit the manner in which the candidate pattern for polarization encoding is selected from the M candidate patterns. For example, the transmitting apparatus may select a candidate pattern having a length of information bit k greater than or equal to x among M candidate patterns according to a length x of information bits to be transmitted. For the candidate code pattern with the length of the information bit k being greater than x, filling the information to be transmitted by using preset information, and filling the information to be transmitted with the length of x as the length k. Among the above-mentioned candidate code patterns initially screened, a code pattern for polarization coding may be further screened according to a coding rate or reliability of the candidate code pattern, etc.

Step 202: and the receiving equipment decodes the code word according to M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code, wherein M is an integer greater than 1.

For example, the receiving device determines one candidate pattern among M preset candidate patterns of the polarization code; decoding the received code word according to the determined candidate code pattern; if the decoding is successful, ending; if decoding fails, determining another candidate code pattern in M preset candidate code patterns; and continuing to decode the received code word by utilizing the determined other candidate code pattern until the received code word is successfully decoded or until the decoding of the received code word by the M preset candidate code patterns fails. In one implementation, M preset candidate patterns of the polarization code are respectively candidate pattern 1, candidate pattern 2, candidate pattern 3, (the description of other candidate patterns is omitted), and candidate pattern M; the receiving device may first decode the received codeword using candidate pattern 1, and end if the decoding is successful. And the decoding fails, and the receiving equipment continues to decode the received code words by using the candidate code pattern 2 and sequentially loops until the decoding is successful. Or stopping decoding when the decoding of the received code word fails in all the M candidate code patterns. In one design, when the transmitting device encodes information to be transmitted with a polar code, the transmitting device may perform cyclic redundancy check (cyclic redundancy check, CRC) encoding on the bits corresponding to the information to be transmitted. The receiving equipment decodes the received code words by utilizing each candidate code pattern, and judges whether the decoding result passes CRC or not when the decoding result is obtained; if the CRC check is passed, the decoding is considered to be successful; otherwise, the decoding is considered to fail.

Alternatively, the receiving device may decode the received codeword using a decoding algorithm, which may be a belief propagation (belief propagation, BP) decoding algorithm, a list successive cancellation (successive cancellation list, SCL) decoding algorithm, or the like, without limitation.

In the embodiment of the application, the M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code can be considered to be sequenced, so that the decoding speed is increased, and the decoding time delay is reduced. In the embodiment of the application, the scheme for ordering the M preset candidate codes of the polarization codes is not limited. Two ordering schemes are schematically illustrated below.

Scheme 1: the receiving equipment sorts the M preset candidate code patterns according to the coding performance of the M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code; and selecting decoded candidate code patterns from the M ordered preset candidate code patterns in sequence.

The coding performance of the M preset candidate code patterns comprises one or more of the following: the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns or the coding code rates of the M preset candidate code patterns. Regarding the manner of ordering the M preset candidate patterns according to their coding performance, the embodiments of the present application provide the following three designs:

In one design, the receiving device may sort the M preset candidate patterns according to their coding rates. For example, the M candidate patterns include patterns (256, 2048), patterns (512, 2048), and patterns (1024, 2048). The corresponding coding rates are 1/8,1/4 and 1/2 respectively.

Since the lower the code rate, the more redundant information is added when the code is polarization coded, the higher the coding performance and the higher the reliability are in general. In the embodiment of the application, the candidate code patterns can be ordered according to coding and decoding performance, and the code patterns with good coding and decoding performance, namely the code patterns with lower coding rate, are preferentially decoded. In the above example, the arrangement order of the three candidate patterns may be: pattern (256, 2048), pattern (512, 2048), and pattern (1024, 2048). The receiving device may preferentially decode using the code pattern (256, 2048), decode failure, and decode using the code pattern (512, 2048). Similarly, pattern (512, 2048) fails to decode and pattern (1024, 2048) is reused for decoding.

Or, the higher the code rate, the less redundant information is added in polarization coding, and the higher the information transmission efficiency is. In the embodiment of the application, the candidate code patterns can be ordered according to the transmission efficiency of the information, and the code pattern with high transmission efficiency, i.e. the code pattern with higher coding rate, is preferentially decoded. In the above example, the three candidate patterns may be arranged in the following order: pattern (1024, 2048), pattern (512, 2048), pattern (256, 2048). The receiving device may preferentially decode using the pattern (1024, 2048), decode failure, and decode using the pattern (512, 2048). Similarly, pattern (512, 2048) fails to decode and pattern (256, 2048) is reused for decoding.

Through the design, the receiving equipment sorts the M preset candidate code patterns by utilizing the coding performance of the M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code, and additional data statistics and processing algorithms are not needed, so that the implementation is simple, and the power consumption of the receiving equipment is saved.

In another design, the receiving device may sort the M preset candidate patterns according to their coding gains. The definition of coding gain is: under the condition of a certain error rate, the difference between the input signal-to-noise ratio required by a non-coding system and the input signal-to-noise ratio required by a system adopting error correction coding is provided. The coding gain is a core index for measuring the quality of the coding algorithm, and is influenced by the coding code pattern under the condition that the coding algorithm is the same. In the embodiment of the application, a simulation system can be utilized to pre-simulate and determine the coding gains of M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code. And sequencing the M preset candidate code patterns according to the coding gain, and disposing the sequenced M preset candidate code patterns in the receiving equipment.

For example, the M candidate patterns include five candidate patterns of pattern (256, 2048), pattern (512, 2048), pattern (498, 2048), pattern (525, 2048), pattern (1024, 2048), and the 5 candidate patterns have coding gains of 6 dB (dB), 3.5dB, 4dB, 4.5dB, and 2dB, respectively, and the 5 candidate patterns are coded in the order of pattern (256, 2048), pattern (525, 048), pattern (498, 2048), pattern (512, 2048), and pattern (1024,2048).

In yet another design, the receiving device orders the M preset candidate patterns according to the coding rate and coding gain of the M preset candidate patterns.

For example, the receiving device sorts the M preset candidate patterns according to the coding rates of the M preset candidate patterns. When the coding rates of the plurality of preset candidate code patterns are the same, the candidate code patterns with the same coding rate can be sequenced according to coding gains. Or the receiving device orders the M preset candidate code patterns according to the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns. When the coding gains of the plurality of preset candidate code patterns are the same, the plurality of preset candidate code patterns with the same coding gain are sequenced according to the coding code rate, and the like.

Scheme 2: the receiving device sorts the M preset candidate code patterns according to the occurrence probability of the M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code or the occurrence probability of parameters of the M preset candidate code patterns. And selecting decoded candidate code patterns from the M ordered preset candidate code patterns in sequence.

In one design, the receiving device ranks the M preset candidate patterns according to their probability of occurrence.

For example, the probability of the code pattern, that is, the occurrence probability of the code pattern is selected at the time of polarization encoding by the large data statistics transmission apparatus. And selecting a candidate code pattern with high occurrence probability preferentially, and decoding. For example, the M candidate patterns include a pattern (256, 2048), a pattern (512, 2048), and a pattern (1024, 2048). The transmission apparatus decodes with the code pattern (512, 2048) preferentially, with the highest probability of encoding with the code pattern (512, 2048), that is, with the highest probability of occurrence of the code pattern (512, 2048). The second occurrence probability of the pattern (1024, 2048), the second occurrence probability of the pattern (1024, 2048) is decoded, the lowest occurrence probability of the pattern (256, 2048) is used, and the last occurrence probability of the pattern (256, 2048) is decoded.

Alternatively, the occurrence probability of each of M preset candidate patterns is predicted by means of artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence, AI). For example, an AI model is trained in advance, which is used to predict the occurrence probability of each candidate pattern. The inputs to the AI model include one or more of: information of the transmitting device, information of the receiving device, information of the candidate pattern, or the like, and the output of the AI model is the predicted occurrence probability of the candidate pattern.

In another design, the receiving device ranks the M candidate patterns according to their probability of occurrence. The parameters of the M preset candidate code patterns comprise one or more of the following: the information bit length of the M preset candidate code patterns, or the code length of the M preset candidate code patterns.

In one implementation, a receiving device determines the probability of occurrence of the information bit length in each of M preset candidate patterns. The receiving device sorts the M candidate patterns according to the occurrence probability of the information bit length in the M candidate patterns. The receiving device decodes the received codeword according to the M ordered candidate patterns.

For example, the M candidate patterns include patterns (256, 2048), patterns (512, 2048), and patterns (1024, 2048). And sorting the 3 candidate code patterns according to the occurrence probability of the information bits in the 3 candidate code patterns. The probability of occurrence of information bit 512 is highest, the probability of occurrence of information bit 1024 is next highest, and the probability of occurrence of information bit 256 is lowest, and the 3 candidate patterns are ordered to obtain: pattern (512, 2048), pattern (1024, 2048), pattern (256, 2048). And decoding the received code words according to the 3 ordered candidate code patterns. For example, codes (512, 2048) are preferentially selected for decoding, codes (1024, 2048) are selected for decoding when codes (512, 2048) fail, and codes (256, 2048) are selected for decoding when codes (1024, 2048) fail.

For example, the M preset candidate patterns of the polarization code include a pattern (452, 4096) and a pattern (1808, 4096). The transmitting device converts the chinese characters in the information to be transmitted into binary information using a Unicode (Unicode) code, one chinese character occupying 16 bits. 28 Chinese characters may be loaded for information bits 452 in pattern (452, 4096) and 113 Chinese characters may be loaded for information bits 1808 in pattern (1808, 4096). For example, by counting or predicting the sending device, the probability of occurrence of 28 Chinese characters is higher, i.e. the probability of occurrence of the pattern (452, 4096) is higher, and the receiving device can preferentially decode using the pattern (452, 4096).

Alternatively, the transmitting device may use the big data to count the occurrence probability of the information bit in each of the M candidate patterns. Alternatively, the transmission apparatus predicts the occurrence probability of the information bit in each candidate pattern of the M pre-selected patterns by using the AI scheme, and the like, without limitation.

In another implementation, the receiving device determines the probability of occurrence of a code length in each of the M candidate code patterns. The reception device sorts the M candidate patterns according to the occurrence probabilities of the code lengths in the M candidate patterns. The receiving device decodes the received codeword according to the M ordered candidate patterns.

For example, the reception apparatus determines the occurrence probability of the code length among the M candidate code patterns using the big data or AI scheme. Along the lines of the above example, the M candidate patterns include patterns (452, 4096), patterns (452, 8192), and patterns (1024, 2048). The occurrence probability of the code length 8192 is highest, the occurrence probability of the code length 2048 is second, the occurrence probability of the code length 4096 is lowest, and the M candidate code patterns are ordered according to the occurrence probability of the code length, so that the following is obtained: pattern (452, 8192), pattern (1024, 2048), pattern (452, 4096). The receiving device decodes with priority the pattern (452, 8192), then with the pattern (1024, 2048), and finally with the pattern (452, 4096).

In yet another implementation, the receiving device may determine the probability of occurrence of information bits and the probability of occurrence of a code length in each of the M candidate patterns. The receiving device sorts the M candidate patterns according to the information bit occurrence probability and the code length occurrence probability of each candidate pattern. The receiving device sorts the received code words according to the M sorted candidate code patterns.

For example, the reception apparatus may determine the occurrence probability of each candidate pattern based on the occurrence probability of the bit of each candidate pattern and the occurrence probability of the code length. In one scheme, the same or different weights are set for the occurrence probability of the information bit and the occurrence probability of the code length in advance, and the occurrence probability of each preset code pattern is determined according to the occurrence probability and the weight of the information bit of each preset code pattern and the occurrence probability and the weight of the code length. For example, the probability of occurrence of the information bit is given by m, the probability of occurrence of the code length is given by n, m and n are the same or different, m and n are integers less than 1, and the sum of m and n is equal to 1, the probability of occurrence of the candidate code pattern satisfies the following: probability of occurrence of information bits m + probability of occurrence of code length n. The receiving device ranks the M candidate patterns according to the probability of occurrence of each of the M candidate patterns.

Alternatively, the reception apparatus sorts the M candidate patterns according to the probability of occurrence of the information bit of each of the M candidate patterns. And when the occurrence probabilities of the information bits of the plurality of candidate code patterns are the same, sequencing the plurality of candidate code patterns by utilizing the occurrence probabilities of the code length. Alternatively, the reception apparatus may sort the M candidate patterns according to the occurrence probability of the code length in each of the M candidate patterns. And when the code length occurrence probabilities of the plurality of candidate code patterns are the same, sequencing the plurality of candidate code patterns by utilizing the information bit occurrence probability.

In the embodiment of the application, the receiving device sorts the M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code, and decodes the received code words in sequence according to the M sorted preset candidate code patterns, so that the decoding speed can be increased, and the decoding time delay can be reduced.

It may be appreciated that in the embodiment of the present application, the receiving device may determine the occurrence probability of each candidate pattern or the occurrence probability of the parameters in the candidate patterns by using big data statistics, or AI prediction, or the like. Or the occurrence probability of each candidate code pattern or the parameters thereof can be determined by other devices through big data statistics, AI prediction and other modes, and the receiving device is notified without limitation. For example, the base station transmits downlink information or a downlink signal to the terminal, and the base station performs polarization encoding on the downlink information or the downlink signal by using a polarization code. The base station determines the occurrence probability of M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code or parameters thereof by using modes such as big data or AI prediction and the like, and informs the terminal. When receiving the code word of the base station, the terminal sorts the M preset candidate code patterns according to the occurrence probability of the M preset candidate code patterns or parameters thereof notified by the base station, and decodes the received code word according to the sorted M preset candidate code patterns.

The encoding method provided in the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to fig. 3, and the method includes:

step 301: the transmitting equipment determines a first code pattern according to the coding performance of M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code;

the coding performance of the M preset candidate code patterns comprises one or more of the following: the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns or the coding code rates of the M preset candidate code patterns. The transmitting device determines the implementation of the first code pattern according to the coding performance of the M preset candidate code patterns, see the description in the following design. The following designs are, of course, merely illustrative and are not intended to limit embodiments of the present application.

In one design, the transmitting device may determine the first pattern based on coding gains of M preset candidate patterns.

For example, it may be determined through simulation that the coding gain of each of M preset candidate patterns is preset, and the coding gain of each of the M preset candidate patterns is preconfigured in the transmitting apparatus. Or the transmitting device determines the coding gain of each preset candidate code pattern according to the self-simulation according to the M preset candidate code patterns. Alternatively, the coding gain of each of the M preset candidate patterns is determined by the other device through simulation and the transmitting device is notified. For example, the transmitting device is a terminal, the receiving device is a base station, the receiving device (base station) obtains the coding gains of M preset candidate code patterns in a simulation manner, and notifies the transmitting device (terminal) of the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns.

And the sending equipment determines candidate code patterns with the coding gain meeting the condition according to the coding gains of the M candidate code patterns, wherein the candidate code patterns with the coding gain meeting the condition are the first code patterns. The conditions that the coding gain satisfies may be: the code pattern of the highest coding gain among the M preset candidate code patterns, or the candidate code pattern of which the value of the coding gain is larger than the first threshold among the M preset candidate code patterns, or the candidate code pattern of which the value of the coding gain is larger than the second threshold and smaller than the third threshold among the M candidate code patterns, and the second threshold is larger than the third threshold. The condition that the coding gain satisfies is preset, or specified by a protocol, or notified by other devices, etc., without limitation. The other device may be a base station, or a core network element, etc.

In another design, the transmitting device determines the first pattern based on the coding rates of the M preset candidate patterns.

For example, the transmitting apparatus determines the coding rates of M preset candidate patterns. The process of determining the coding rate of the candidate pattern may be referred to in the description of coding. The transmitting device selects a candidate code pattern with the coding rate meeting the condition from the M preset candidate code patterns according to the coding rate of the M preset candidate code patterns. The candidate code pattern with the code rate meeting the condition is the first code pattern. The conditions that the coding rate satisfies may be: among the M preset candidate code patterns, the candidate code pattern with the highest coding rate is coded; or, among M preset candidate code patterns, the candidate code pattern with the lowest coding rate is coded; or, among the M preset candidate code patterns, the candidate code pattern with the coding rate smaller than the fourth threshold is coded; or, among the M preset candidate code patterns, the candidate code pattern with the coding rate larger than the fifth threshold is coded; or, among the M preset candidate code patterns, the code rate is greater than a sixth threshold, and is less than a seventh threshold, and the seventh threshold is greater than the sixth threshold. The condition that the code rate of the code meets is preset, or specified by a protocol, or notified by other devices, etc., and is not limited.

The conditions met with the coding rate are: among the M preset candidate patterns, the candidate pattern having the lowest coding rate is exemplified. As described above, the lower the coding rate of the code pattern, the more redundant information is added during coding, and the higher the coding reliability. The design has the advantages that: the transmitting device encodes by using the candidate code pattern with the lowest encoding rate (i.e. the candidate code pattern with the highest reliability), thereby improving the reliability of information transmission.

The conditions met with the coding rate are: among the M preset candidate patterns, the candidate pattern having the highest coding rate is exemplified. The higher the code rate of the code pattern, the higher the efficiency of the representative information transmission, and the less redundant information is added. And adopting the candidate code pattern with the highest coding rate to carry out polarization coding, thereby improving the efficiency of information transmission.

In another design, the transmitting device determines the first pattern based on the coding gains and coding rates of the M preset candidate patterns.

For example, the transmitting apparatus determines, among M preset candidate patterns, a candidate pattern in which both the coding gain and the coding rate satisfy the conditions. When the number of the candidate code patterns of which the coding gain and the coding code rate meet the conditions is one, the one candidate code pattern is the first code pattern. Or, when the number of candidate code patterns satisfying the condition of the coding gain and the coding rate is plural, one candidate code pattern is selected as the first code pattern from the plural candidate code patterns satisfying the condition. The rule for selecting the first pattern is not limited. For example, one candidate pattern is selected as the first pattern among a plurality of candidate patterns each satisfying the condition. Alternatively, among a plurality of candidate patterns each satisfying the condition, the first pattern or the like is selected according to a certain rule, without limitation.

Or the sending equipment primarily filters the candidate code patterns with the code rates meeting the conditions according to the code rates of the M preset candidate code patterns. And then, according to the coding gain of the candidate code patterns, the candidate code patterns with the coding gain meeting the condition are screened again in the preliminarily screened candidate code patterns, and the final screening result is taken as a first code pattern. For example, the transmitting apparatus determines a candidate code pattern whose code rate satisfies a condition according to the code rates of the M preset candidate code patterns. When the number of candidate code patterns whose coding rate satisfies the condition is plural, the transmitting apparatus determines a first code pattern based on the coding gain of the candidate code pattern whose coding rate satisfies the condition. For example, among a plurality of candidate code patterns whose coding rates satisfy the condition, a candidate code pattern having the highest coding gain is determined as the first code pattern.

Or, the sending device primarily filters the candidate code patterns with the coding gains meeting the conditions according to the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns. And then, according to the coding rate of the candidate code patterns, screening the candidate code patterns with the coding rate meeting the condition again in the preliminarily screened candidate code patterns, and taking the final screening result as a first code pattern. For example, the transmitting apparatus determines a candidate code pattern whose coding gain satisfies a condition based on coding gains of M preset candidate code patterns. When the number of candidate code patterns whose coding gain satisfies the condition is plural, the transmission apparatus determines a first code pattern based on the coding rates of the plural candidate code patterns whose coding gain satisfies the condition. For example, among a plurality of candidate code patterns whose coding gains satisfy the condition, a candidate code pattern having the highest coding rate is determined as the first code pattern.

Step 302: the transmitting equipment performs polarization coding on information to be transmitted according to a first code pattern;

step 303: the transmitting device transmits the encoded codeword to the satellite communication device.

The satellite communication device receives the code word and forwards the code word to the receiving device.

In the downlink communication process, the transmitting device is a base station, and the receiving device is a terminal. The base station sends downlink signals or downlink information to the terminal, and the downlink signals or the downlink information are borne on a downlink channel. The downlink channel may be a physical downlink shared channel (physical downlink shared channel, PDSCH), or a physical downlink control channel (physical downlink control channel, PDCCH). The base station performs channel coding on the downlink signal or downlink information by using polarization (polar) codes to obtain a codeword, and transmits the codeword to the satellite communication device, which forwards the codeword to the terminal. And the terminal decodes the received code word to obtain a downlink signal or downlink information.

In the uplink communication process, the transmitting device is a terminal, the receiving device is a base station, and the terminal transmits uplink signals or uplink information to the base station, wherein the uplink signals or the uplink information are borne on an uplink channel. The uplink channel may be a physical uplink shared channel (physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH) or a physical uplink control channel (physical uplink control channel, PUCCH). And the terminal performs channel coding on the uplink signal or the uplink channel by using the polarization code to obtain a codeword. The terminal transmits the codeword to the satellite communication device, which forwards the codeword to the base station. And the base station decodes the received code word to obtain uplink signals or uplink information.

The process by which the transmitting device encodes information to be transmitted may refer to the description in fig. 3. The process by which the receiving device decodes the received codeword may be described with reference to fig. 2. The decoding method shown in fig. 2 and the encoding method shown in fig. 3 may be used in combination or each alone, without limitation.

In the embodiment of the application, in a satellite communication system, a polarization code is used for channel coding. Since the polarization code is a good code that has proved to reach shannon's limit theoretically and the decoding complexity is relatively simple. Therefore, in the satellite communication system, the polarization code is adopted for encoding, so that the anti-interference capability of the whole satellite communication system is improved, and the communication performance of the satellite communication system is improved. In a satellite communication system, a scheme for channel coding using polarization codes provides two kinds of:

the first scheme is as follows: and reconstructing the whole system, and directly using polarization coding to replace the original LDPC coding or Turbo coding.

For example, the transmitting apparatus encodes information to be transmitted using polarization encoding, resulting in a polarization codeword. The transmitting device transmits the polarized codeword to the receiving device via the forwarding of the satellite communication device. And the receiving equipment performs polarization decoding on the received code word to obtain information sent by the sending equipment.

In the second scheme, the original system is upgraded, and the information bits of the original Turbo code or LDPC code are used for loading polarized code words.

The codeword includes information bits and encoded bits. The information bits are binary bit information corresponding to information to be transmitted, and the coding bits are redundant bits added in the coding process. The code words obtained by LDPC, turbo or polarization code coding are respectively abbreviated as LDPC code words, turbo code words or polarization code words. Referring to fig. 4, in the second scheme, a polarized codeword is loaded in information bits of an LDPC codeword or a Turbo codeword, and the original information bits of the LDPC code or the Turbo code are replaced with the polarized codeword.

For example, the transmitting device performs polarization encoding on the information to be transmitted to obtain a polarization codeword; and then, encoding the code word after polarization encoding by using an LDPC code or a Turbo code. The transmitting device transmits the code words obtained by nested coding to the receiving device through the forwarding of the satellite communication device. The receiving device decodes the received codeword by LDCP or Turbo. And carrying out polarization decoding on the information bits obtained by LDPC or Turbo decoding to obtain information sent by the sending equipment.

In the second scheme, the nested coding is adopted, the polarization code is nested in the information bit of the original LDPC or Turbo code, so that the method can be compatible with the original system as much as possible, the influence on old equipment is small, and the equipment can be ensured to normally operate after modification.

Taking nested coding as an example, the coding method and the decoding method provided by the embodiment of the application are described.

The following describes a nested coding method provided in an embodiment of the present application with reference to fig. 5, where the method includes:

step 501: the transmitting device acquires information to be transmitted and encodes the information to be transmitted into binary bit information.

For example, the transmitting device converts information such as chinese characters, symbols, or english in the information to be transmitted into binary bit information using the first encoding method. The first coding scheme includes, but is not limited to: unified code (Unicode) coding, chinese character code character set (chinese internal code specification, GBK) coding, and the like.

Step 502: the transmitting apparatus determines a candidate pattern satisfying the condition, which may be referred to as a first pattern, among M preset candidate patterns of the polarization code according to the coding performance. For an explanation of determining the first pattern, see fig. 3.

Step 503: the sending device preprocesses binary bit information corresponding to the information to be sent.

The preprocessing process comprises the following two aspects: firstly, binary information CRC codes corresponding to information to be transmitted; second, the CRC encoded information is mapped to information bits in the first pattern. For example, the first pattern is (252, 2048), but the CRC encoded information is only 240 bits. Padding is required for the CRC encoded information, the length of the padded information being equal to 252 bits. The filling scheme is not limited. For example, a specified sequence may be filled, or zeros may be filled, etc. The purpose of binary information CRC coding corresponding to the information to be transmitted mainly comprises: first, the receiving device has a means to decide whether the decoding result is correct or not when decoding. Secondly, in order to accelerate the decoding speed and the decoding performance, a CRC auxiliary continuous elimination list (CRC-aided successive cancellation list, CA-SCL) can be used for decoding, binary information corresponding to the information to be transmitted is subjected to CRC encoding, and the decoding of receiving equipment can be assisted, so that better decoding performance is obtained.

Step 504: the transmitting device performs polarization encoding on the information obtained by the preprocessing.

Specifically, the transmitting device performs polarization encoding on the information obtained by the preprocessing according to the determined first code pattern.

Step 505: the transmitting device performs rate matching to match the specified code length.

Since the basic requirement of a polar code for coding is that the code length must satisfy a power of 2, i.e. n=2 ⁿ . In practical applications, however, it is necessary to implement a polarization code of an arbitrary code length by rate matching. There are three main rate matching schemes of polarization code, namely puncturing (puncturing), shortening (shortening) and repetition (repetition). As an example illustration: for example, the mother code length is (252,2048), but the true demand pattern in the system is (252,2000), where the code length 2048 needs to be rate matched to 2000. The final true pattern is (252,2000), where the information bits are 252, the code length is 2000, and the code rate is 252/2000.

Step 506: the transmitting device performs secondary encoding, and performs Turbo or LDPC encoding on the information after the polarization encoding.

For example, the transmitting apparatus loads the polarization codeword obtained after polarization encoding in the information bit of the Turbo codeword or the LDCP codeword, etc., see fig. 4.

Step 507: the transmitting device modulates the Turbo codeword or the LDPC codeword on a transmission carrier.

Step 508: the transmitting device transmits the modulated Turbo codeword or LDPC codeword.

Specifically, the transmitting device transmits the modulated Turbo codeword or LDPC codeword to the satellite communication device. And forwarding the Turbo code word or the LDPC code word to a receiving device by a satellite communication device.

Through the design, the transmitting equipment selects the first code pattern according to the coding performance of M candidate code patterns corresponding to the polarization codes, and performs polarization coding on information to be transmitted by using the first code pattern. For example, the performance of the code pattern may include the coding gain of the candidate code pattern, and the transmitting device selects the candidate code pattern with higher coding gain for polarization coding. The higher the coding gain, the greater the ability to cope with channel random errors and the higher the accuracy of decoding by the receiving device.

The following describes a decoding method corresponding to nested encoding provided in an embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in fig. 6, where the method includes:

step 601: the receiving device receives the information sent by the satellite communication device and performs frame synchronization.

Step 602: the receiving equipment judges whether frame synchronization is successful or not; if the frame synchronization is successful, successfully finding out a frame header, and receiving a Turbo codeword or an LDPC codeword with the code length of N; otherwise the receiving device continues to look for the frame header.

It will be appreciated that the information transmitted by the transmitting device includes a specific sequence in addition to the nested codeword shown in fig. 4. The specific sequence and the nested codewords form frames, the specific sequence is called a frame header, and the nested codewords are called payload (payload) of the frames. The receiving device looks for the specific sequence in the received information. If the specific sequence is found, determining that the position of the specific sequence is a frame header, and the information with the preset length from the position of the frame header is a nested codeword, wherein the nested codeword can refer to a Turbo codeword or an LDPC codeword which is subjected to nested coding.

Step 603: the receiving equipment decodes the received Turbo code word or LDPC code word, and determines the information obtained after decoding.

Step 604: the receiving device takes the information obtained after decoding as the input of the polar code decoding.

Step 605: and the receiving equipment decodes the information input by the polarization code decoding according to M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code.

Step 606: the receiving device judges whether the information bits obtained after the polarization decoding pass the CRC check. Outputting a decoding result if the CRC check is enabled; otherwise, continuing to decode by using the next candidate code pattern until the polarization decoding is successful.

The receiving device decodes according to M preset candidate patterns, see the description in fig. 2. In the embodiment of the present application, the receiving device may sort the M preset candidate patterns according to the coding performance of the M preset candidate patterns, or the occurrence probability of parameters in the M preset candidate patterns, or the like. And sequentially selecting decoded candidate code patterns according to the arrangement sequence of the M preset candidate code patterns, thereby accelerating the decoding speed.

It will be appreciated that, in order to implement the functions in the above embodiments, the transmitting device, the receiving device, etc. include corresponding hardware structures and/or software modules that perform the respective functions. Those of skill in the art will readily appreciate that the elements and method steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is implemented as hardware or computer software driven hardware depends upon the particular application scenario and design constraints imposed on the solution.

Fig. 7 and 8 are schematic structural views of possible devices provided in embodiments of the present application. These means may be adapted to carry out one or more functions of the above-described method embodiments, such as the functions of the above-described transmitting device or receiving device, and thus may realize the advantages provided by the above-described method embodiments.

As shown in fig. 7, the apparatus 700 includes a processing unit 710 and a transceiving unit 720. The apparatus 700 is configured to implement one or more of the functions of the method embodiments described above.

For example, when the apparatus 700 is used to implement the decoding method shown in fig. 2 described above: a transceiver 720, configured to receive a codeword from a satellite communication device, where the codeword is a codeword obtained by encoding with a polarization code; and a processing unit 710, configured to decode the codeword according to M preset candidate patterns of the polarization code, where M is an integer greater than 1. The apparatus 700 used to implement the decoding method may be referred to as a decoding apparatus.

For example, when the apparatus 700 is used to implement the encoding method shown in fig. 3 described above: a processing unit 710, configured to determine a first code pattern according to coding performances of M preset candidate code patterns of a polarization code, where M is an integer greater than 1; performing polarization coding on information to be transmitted according to the first code pattern; and a transceiver unit 720, configured to send the encoded codeword to the satellite communication device. When the apparatus 700 is used to implement an encoding method, it may be referred to as an encoding apparatus.

The more detailed descriptions of the processing unit 710 and the transceiver unit 720 may be directly obtained by referring to the related descriptions in the above method embodiments, which are not described herein.

As shown in fig. 8, the apparatus 800 includes a processor 810 and an interface circuit 820. Processor 810 and interface circuit 820 are coupled to each other. It is understood that the interface circuit 820 may be a transceiver or an input-output interface. Optionally, the apparatus 800 may further comprise a memory 830 for storing instructions to be executed by the processor 810 or for storing input data required by the processor 810 to execute instructions or for storing data generated after the processor 810 executes instructions.

Processor 810 may be used to implement one or more of the functions of the method embodiments described above. In particular, processor 810 may execute instructions in memory 830 to cause apparatus 800 to perform one or more functions in the method embodiments described above, such as the functions performed by a transmitting device or a receiving device.

When the apparatus 800 is used to implement the functions shown in fig. 7, the processor 810 is used to implement the functions of the processing unit 710, and the interface circuit 820 is used to implement the functions of the transceiver unit 720.

The above apparatus may implement the functions of a receiving device or a transmitting device. The receiving equipment is a terminal, and the transmitting equipment is a base station. Or the receiving device is a base station, and the transmitting device is a terminal.

When the device is a chip applied to the terminal, the terminal chip realizes the functions of the terminal in the embodiment of the method. The terminal chip receives information from other modules (such as a radio frequency module or an antenna) in the terminal, and the information is sent to the terminal by the base station; alternatively, the terminal chip sends information to other modules in the terminal (e.g., radio frequency modules or antennas) that the terminal sends to the base station.

When the above device is a module applied to a base station, the base station module implements the functions of the base station in the above method embodiment. The base station module receives information from other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the base station, the information being transmitted by the terminal to the base station; alternatively, the base station module transmits information to other modules in the base station (e.g., radio frequency modules or antennas) that the base station transmits to the terminal. The base station module may be a baseband chip of a base station, or may be a DU or other module, where the DU may be a DU under an open radio access network (open radio access network, O-RAN) architecture.

It is to be appreciated that the processor in embodiments of the present application may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), but may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, it may be any conventional processor.

The method steps in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions may be comprised of corresponding software modules that may be stored in random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, erasable programmable read only memory, electrically erasable programmable read only memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC may reside in a base station or terminal. The processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a base station or terminal.

In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are performed in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user device, or other programmable apparatus. The computer program or instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer program or instructions may be transmitted from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wired or wireless means. The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that integrates one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium, e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, tape; but also optical media such as digital video discs; but also semiconductor media such as solid state disks. The computer readable storage medium may be volatile or nonvolatile storage medium, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile types of storage medium.

In the various embodiments of the application, if there is no specific description or logical conflict, terms and/or descriptions between the various embodiments are consistent and may reference each other, and features of the various embodiments may be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

In the present application, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: a alone, a and B together, and B alone, wherein a, B may be singular or plural. In the text description of the present application, the character "/", generally indicates that the associated object is an or relationship; in the formulas of the present application, the character "/" indicates that the front and rear associated objects are a "division" relationship. "including at least one of A, B and C" may mean: comprises A; comprises B; comprising C; comprises A and B; comprises A and C; comprises B and C; including A, B and C.

It will be appreciated that the various numerical numbers referred to in the embodiments of the present application are merely for ease of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The sequence number of each process does not mean the sequence of the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined according to the function and the internal logic.

Claims

1. A coding method, the method being applied to a coding scene without a priori information, the method comprising:

receiving a codeword from a satellite communication device, wherein the codeword is obtained by encoding a polarization code;

and decoding the code word according to M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code, wherein M is an integer greater than 1.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein decoding the codeword according to M preset candidate patterns for a polar code comprises:

determining one candidate code pattern in the M preset candidate code patterns;

decoding the code word according to the determined candidate code pattern;

if the decoding is successful, ending the flow; or,

decoding fails, and another candidate code pattern is determined in the M preset candidate code patterns; and continuing to decode the code word by using the other candidate code pattern until the code word is successfully decoded.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

sorting the M preset candidate code patterns according to the coding performance of the M preset candidate code patterns; and selecting decoded candidate code patterns from the M ordered preset candidate code patterns in sequence.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the coding performance of the M preset candidate patterns comprises one or more of: the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns or the coding code rates of the M preset candidate code patterns.

5. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

sorting the M preset candidate code patterns according to the occurrence probability of the M preset candidate code patterns or the occurrence probability of parameters of the M preset candidate code patterns; among the M ordered preset candidate code patterns, the decoded candidate code patterns are sequentially selected, and parameters of the M preset candidate code patterns include one or more of the following: the information bit length of the M preset candidate code patterns or the code length of the M preset candidate code patterns.

6. A method of encoding, comprising:

determining a first code pattern according to the coding performance of M preset candidate code patterns of a polarization code, wherein M is an integer greater than 1;

performing polarization coding on information to be transmitted according to the first code pattern;

the encoded codeword is transmitted to a satellite communication device.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the coding performance of the M preset candidate patterns comprises one or more of: the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns or the coding code rates of the M preset candidate code patterns.

8. The method of claim 6 or 7, further comprising, after encoding with the polarization code:

and encoding the code word obtained by the polarization encoding by using a low-density parity check LDPC code or a Turbo code.

9. A coding apparatus for use in a coding scene without prior information, the apparatus comprising:

the receiving and transmitting unit is used for receiving the code words from the satellite communication equipment, wherein the code words are code words obtained through polarization code encoding;

and the processing unit is used for decoding the code word according to M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code, wherein M is an integer greater than 1.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processing unit is configured to, when decoding the codeword according to M preset candidate patterns of the polarization code:

determining one candidate code pattern in the M preset candidate code patterns;

decoding the code word according to the determined candidate code pattern;

if the decoding is successful, ending the flow; or,

11. The apparatus of claim 9 or 10, wherein the processing unit is further configured to:

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the coding performance of the M preset candidate patterns comprises one or more of: the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns or the coding code rates of the M preset candidate code patterns.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 or 10, wherein the processing unit is further configured to:

14. An encoding device, comprising:

The processing unit is used for determining a first code pattern according to the coding performance of M preset candidate code patterns of the polarization code, wherein M is an integer greater than 1; and performing polarization coding on the information to be transmitted according to the first code pattern;

and the receiving and transmitting unit is used for transmitting the code words obtained through encoding to the satellite communication equipment.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the coding performance of the M preset candidate patterns comprises one or more of: the coding gains of the M preset candidate code patterns or the coding code rates of the M preset candidate code patterns.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 or 15, wherein the processing unit, after encoding with a polarization code, is further configured to:

17. A decoding device comprising a processor and interface circuitry for receiving signals from other devices than the device and transmitting signals from the processor to the processor or sending signals from the processor to other devices than the device, the processor being configured to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 by logic circuitry or executing code instructions.

18. An encoding apparatus comprising a processor and interface circuitry for receiving signals from other apparatus than the apparatus and transmitting signals from the processor to the processor or sending signals from the processor to other apparatus than the apparatus, the processor being operable to implement the method of any one of claims 6 to 8 by logic circuitry or executing code instructions.

19. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium has stored therein a computer program or instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 or the method of any one of claims 6 to 8.