CN117749118A - Gain parameter determining method and device for hybrid optical amplifier and related equipment - Google Patents
Gain parameter determining method and device for hybrid optical amplifier and related equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a gain parameter determining method and device of a hybrid optical amplifier and related equipment. Belongs to the technical field of optical communication. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining first overall gain distribution information of the hybrid optical amplifier, wherein an operating band of the hybrid optical amplifier comprises N sub-bands, and the first overall gain distribution information comprises: a first raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a first lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for each sub-band; obtaining a first transmission performance parameter set, wherein the first transmission performance parameter set comprises N first transmission performance parameters corresponding to N sub-bands; and determining target overall gain distribution information of the hybrid optical amplifier according to the first overall gain distribution information and the first transmission performance parameter set. Is beneficial to improving the transmission performance of the signal light.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of optical communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for determining a gain parameter of a hybrid optical amplifier, and related devices.
Background
In an optical communication system, in order to extend the transmission distance of signal light, signal light may be amplified using a hybrid optical amplifier (hybrid optical amplifier, HOA). The HOA comprises a cascaded distributed raman amplifier and a lumped amplifier. The distributed Raman amplifier is adopted to amplify the signal light, and then the lumped amplifier is adopted to further amplify the signal light.
In the related art, in case that the total gain of the HOA is constant, the Noise Figure (NF) of the hybrid optical amplifier is reduced by adjusting the gain of the distributed raman amplifier and the duty ratio of the gain of the lumped amplifier in the total gain, thereby improving the transmission performance of the signal light.
The gain of the distributed Raman amplifier and the gain of the lumped amplifier are controlled in the mode, the adjusting range of the gain spectrum type of the HOA is limited, and the optimization effect of the transmission performance of the optical communication system is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method and a device for determining a gain parameter of an HOA, and related equipment, which are beneficial to improving the transmission performance of an optical communication system with the HOA.
In a first aspect, a method for determining parameters of an HOA is provided. The HOA includes a cascaded distributed raman amplifier and a lumped amplifier. The method comprises the following steps: first, obtaining first overall gain distribution information of the HOA, where an operating band of the HOA includes N sub-bands, where N is greater than 1 and N is an integer, and the overall gain distribution information includes: a first raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a first lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N subbands; then, a first transmission performance parameter set is obtained, wherein the first transmission performance parameter set comprises N first transmission performance parameters corresponding to the N sub-bands, and the first transmission performance parameters are used for indicating the transmission performance of the signal light of the corresponding sub-bands when the HOA amplifies the signal light according to the first integral gain distribution information; and finally, determining target overall gain distribution information of the HOA according to the first overall gain distribution information and the first transmission performance parameter set, wherein the target overall gain distribution information comprises target Raman average gain of any one of the N sub-bands in the distributed Raman amplifier and target lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier.
In the application, the working band of the HOA is divided into N sub-bands, and corresponding first Raman average gain and first lumped average gain are determined according to each sub-band to obtain first overall gain distribution information of the HOA. And obtaining a first transmission performance parameter set for indicating the transmission performance of the signal light of the corresponding sub-band when the HOA amplifies the signal light according to the first integral gain distribution information, and determining the target Raman average gain and the target lumped average gain of each sub-band according to the first integral gain distribution information and the first transmission performance parameter set so as to realize the respective control of the gain spectrum types of each sub-band. The mode of controlling the gain spectrum type of the HOA by the molecular wave band can enlarge the adjusting range of the gain spectrum type of the HOA and is beneficial to optimizing the transmission performance of an optical communication system.
In this application, the first raman average gain of a sub-band refers to the average of the raman gain of the sub-band in the sub-band. Raman gain refers to the switching gain of a distributed raman amplifier.
In one possible embodiment, the larger the value of the first transmission performance parameter, the better the transmission performance of the signal light of the corresponding sub-band. For example, the first transmission performance parameter includes at least one of an optical signal to noise ratio (optical signal noise ratio, OSNR) margin and a received OSNR.
When the first performance parameter includes an OSNR margin, a received OSNR of an ith sub-band may be obtained first, where the received OSNR of the ith sub-band is an OSNR of signal light of the ith sub-band received by a receiving station, and the receiving station is connected to an optical multiplexing segment where the HOA is located; and then determining the OSNR allowance of the ith sub-band according to the received OSNR of the ith sub-band. Wherein the ith sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands. The receiving OSNR of the ith sub-band may be determined according to the optical fiber related information of the transmission optical fiber and the incoming optical power information of the transmission optical fiber.
When the first performance parameter includes a received OSNR, the received OSNR of the ith sub-band may be determined directly according to the fiber-related information of the transmission fiber and the incoming optical power information of the transmission fiber.
In another possible embodiment, the smaller the value of the first transmission performance parameter, the better the transmission performance of the signal light of the corresponding sub-band. For example, the first transmission performance parameter includes NF of HOA.
When the first performance parameter includes NF of the HOA, for an ith subband of the N subbands, determining a first raman NF corresponding to the ith subband according to a first raman average gain of the ith subband; determining a first lumped NF corresponding to the ith sub-band according to the first lumped average gain of the ith sub-band; and finally, determining the NF of the HOA corresponding to the ith sub-band according to the first Raman NF and the first lumped NF.
In one possible implementation manner, whether the first set of transmission performance parameters meets the transmission performance requirement may be determined according to a preset transmission performance requirement. And if the first transmission performance parameter set meets the transmission performance requirement, taking the first overall gain distribution information as the target overall gain distribution information. If the first transmission performance parameter set does not meet the transmission performance requirement, the first overall gain distribution information needs to be adjusted until second overall gain distribution information meeting the transmission performance requirement is obtained; the second overall gain distribution information is then determined as target overall gain distribution information.
In another possible implementation, the performance of the worst sub-band may be targeted for optimization. The method further comprises the steps of: obtaining a plurality of sets of second overall gain distribution information and a plurality of sets of second transmission performance parameters corresponding to the plurality of sets of second overall gain distribution information, wherein each set of second overall gain distribution information comprises: a second raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a second lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N subbands. The sets of second overall gain profile information and the first overall gain profile information are each preconfigured. The average value of the N second Raman average gains is equal to the average value of the N first Raman average gains. Determining a target transmission performance parameter set from the first transmission performance set and the plurality of second transmission performance parameter sets, wherein the worst transmission performance parameter in the target transmission performance parameter set is better than the worst transmission performance parameter in other transmission performance parameter sets; and taking the overall gain distribution information corresponding to the target transmission performance parameter set as the target overall gain distribution information.
Optionally, the method further comprises: determining target gain gradients of the N sub-bands according to at least one of noise performance parameters and fiber loss performance parameters of the hybrid optical amplifier; and determining the target Raman gain gradient and the target lumped gain gradient of the corresponding sub-bands according to the target gain gradient of any one of the N sub-bands.
Because the noise performance and the optical fiber loss performance of the HOA can affect the gain gradient of each sub-band of the distributed raman amplifier, so that the received OSNR of the signal light with different wavelengths in the sub-band is uneven, the influence of the gain gradient caused by the noise performance and/or the optical fiber loss performance of the HOA can be considered in advance, the gain gradient caused by the noise performance and/or the optical fiber loss performance of the HOA can be compensated, so that the received OSNR of the signal light with different wavelengths in the sub-band is even, and the cost of the system is reduced.
Illustratively, the noise performance parameter comprises NF and the fiber loss performance parameter comprises at least one of stimulated raman scattering (stimulated Raman scattering, SRS) transfer amount and wavelength dependent loss (wavelength dependent loss, WDL).
Determining the target gain tilt for the N subbands may take into account at least one of NF, SRS transfer amount, and WDL. For example, the target gain tilt of the jth sub-band is determined based on at least one of the first flattening value of the jth sub-band, the second flattening value of the jth sub-band, and the third flattening value of the jth sub-band. The j-th sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands, a first flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on SRS transfer quantity of the longest wave and SRS transfer quantity of the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band, a second flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on WDL of the longest wave and WDL of the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band, and a third flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on NF corresponding to the longest wave and NF corresponding to the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band.
The target raman gain slope and the target lumped gain slope for each sub-band may be determined in the following manner: firstly, determining a Raman gain adjusting range of each sub-band according to the target Raman average gain of each sub-band; and then, determining the target Raman gain gradient and the target lumped gain gradient of each sub-band according to the maximum value, the lumped gain gradient default value and the target gain gradient in the Raman gain adjustment range of each sub-band.
In some examples, the distributed raman amplifier comprises a plurality of pump lasers, the N sub-bands respectively corresponding to different ones of the plurality of pump lasers. After determining the target gain profile information, the method further comprises: and controlling the output power of the pump laser corresponding to a third sub-band according to the target Raman average gain of the third sub-band, wherein the third sub-band is any one of the N sub-bands. If the target raman gain gradient is also determined, the output power of the pump laser corresponding to the third sub-band needs to be controlled according to the target raman average gain and the target raman gain gradient of the third sub-band.
In some examples, the HOA includes a plurality of the lumped amplifiers for amplifying signal light of different sub-bands output by the distributed raman amplifier, respectively. The method further comprises the steps of: and controlling the average gain of the lumped amplifier corresponding to the fourth sub-band according to the target lumped average gain of the fourth sub-band, wherein the fourth sub-band is any one of the N sub-bands. If the target lumped gain slope is also determined, the gain slope of the lumped amplifier corresponding to the fourth sub-band needs to be controlled according to the target lumped gain slope of the fourth sub-band.
In a second aspect, a parameter determination apparatus for HOA is provided. The device comprises an information acquisition module, a parameter acquisition module and a gain determination module. The information acquisition module is configured to obtain first overall gain distribution information of the HOA, where a working band of the HOA includes N sub-bands, and the first overall gain distribution information includes: a first raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a first lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N subbands; the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring a first transmission performance parameter set, wherein the first transmission performance parameter set comprises N first transmission performance parameters corresponding to the N sub-bands, and the first transmission performance parameters are used for indicating the transmission performance of the signal light of the corresponding sub-bands when the HOA amplifies the signal light according to the first integral gain distribution information; the gain determining module is configured to determine, according to the first overall gain distribution information and the first transmission performance parameter set, target overall gain distribution information of the HOA, where the target overall gain distribution information includes a target raman average gain of any one of the N sub-bands in the distributed raman amplifier and a target lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier.
In one possible implementation, the first transmission performance parameter includes an OSNR margin; the parameter acquisition module comprises: the OSNR acquisition sub-module and the parameter determination sub-module. The OSNR acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring the received OSNR of the ith sub-band, wherein the received OSNR of the ith sub-band is the OSNR of the signal light of the ith sub-band received by the receiving station, and the receiving station is connected with the optical multiplexing section where the HOA is located. And the parameter determination submodule is used for determining an OSNR allowance of the ith sub-band according to the received OSNR of the ith sub-band. Wherein the ith sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands.
In another possible implementation, the first transmission performance parameter comprises NF of the HOA. The parameter acquisition module is used for determining a first Raman NF corresponding to an ith sub-band according to a first Raman average gain of the ith sub-band; determining a first lumped NF corresponding to the ith sub-band according to the first lumped average gain of the ith sub-band; and determining the NF of the HOA corresponding to the ith sub-band according to the first Raman and the first lumped NF. Wherein the ith sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands.
In a possible implementation manner, the gain determining module is configured to adjust, when the first set of transmission performance parameters indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of at least a part of the sub-bands does not meet the transmission performance requirement, a first raman average gain of at least a part of the sub-bands in the first overall gain distribution information until second overall gain distribution information is obtained, where the second set of transmission performance parameters corresponding to the second overall gain distribution information indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of the N sub-bands meets the transmission performance requirement; wherein the second overall gain distribution information includes: a second raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a second lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N sub-bands, the average of the N second raman average gains being equal to the average of the N first raman average gains; and taking the second overall gain distribution information as the target overall gain distribution information.
In another possible implementation manner, the gain determining module is configured to use the first overall gain distribution information as the target overall gain distribution information when the first set of transmission performance parameters indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of the N sub-bands all meets the transmission performance requirement.
In yet another possible implementation manner, the information obtaining module is further configured to obtain multiple sets of second global gain distribution information, where any one set of second global gain distribution information includes: a second raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a second lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N sub-bands, and an average of the N second raman average gains is equal to an average of the N first raman average gains. The parameter obtaining module is further configured to obtain a plurality of second transmission performance parameter sets corresponding to the plurality of sets of second overall gain distribution information. The gain determining module is configured to determine a target transmission performance parameter set from the first transmission performance set and the plurality of second transmission performance parameter sets, where a worst transmission performance parameter in the target transmission performance parameter set is better than a worst transmission performance parameter in other transmission performance parameter sets; and taking the overall gain distribution information corresponding to the target transmission performance parameter set as the target overall gain distribution information.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: and the gradient determining module is used for determining target Raman gain gradients of the N sub-wave bands according to at least one of noise performance parameters and fiber loss performance parameters of the optical amplifier.
Illustratively, the inclination determining module is configured to determine a target raman gain inclination of a jth sub-band according to at least one of a first flat value of the jth sub-band, a second flat value of the jth sub-band, and a third flat value of the jth sub-band; the j-th sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands, the first flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on the SRS transfer amount of the longest wave and the SRS transfer amount of the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band, the second flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on the WDL of the longest wave and the WDL of the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band, and the third flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on the corresponding sum of the longest wave and the corresponding shortest wave in the j-th sub-band.
Optionally, the inclination determining module is configured to determine a raman gain adjustment range of each sub-band according to the target raman average gain of each sub-band; determining the target Raman gain gradient and the target lumped gain gradient of each sub-band according to the maximum value, the lumped gain gradient default value and the target gain gradient in the Raman gain adjustment range of each sub-band
Optionally, the distributed raman amplifier comprises a plurality of pump lasers, and the N sub-bands respectively correspond to different pump lasers in the plurality of pump lasers. The apparatus further comprises: the first control module is used for controlling the output power of the pump laser corresponding to a third sub-band according to the target Raman average gain of the third sub-band, and the third sub-band is any one of the N sub-bands.
Optionally, the HOA includes a plurality of lumped amplifiers, and the plurality of lumped amplifiers are respectively used for amplifying signal light of different sub-bands output by the distributed raman amplifier. The apparatus further comprises: and the second control module is used for controlling the output power of the pump laser corresponding to a third sub-band according to the target Raman average gain of the third sub-band, wherein the third sub-band is any one of the N sub-bands.
In a third aspect, there is provided an HOA comprising control means and a cascaded distributed raman amplifier and lumped amplifier, the control means being connected to the distributed raman amplifier and the lumped amplifier, the control means being adapted to perform the method of any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an optical communication system is provided that includes a first station, a second station, and an HOA coupled between the first station and the second station.
In a fifth aspect, a computer device is provided, the computer device comprising a processor and a memory; the memory is used for storing a software program, and the processor is used for enabling the computer device to realize the method of any possible implementation manner of the first aspect by executing the software program stored in the memory.
In a sixth aspect, there is provided a computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a computer device, cause the computer device to perform the method of any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer program product comprising instructions which, when run on a computer device, cause the computer device to perform the method of any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect described above.
In an eighth aspect, there is provided a chip comprising a processor for calling from a memory and executing instructions stored in said memory, to cause a computer device on which said chip is mounted to perform the method of any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
In a ninth aspect, there is provided another chip comprising: the device comprises an input interface, an output interface, a processor and a memory, wherein the input interface, the output interface, the processor and the memory are connected through an internal connection path, the processor is used for executing codes in the memory, and when the codes are executed, the processor is used for executing the method in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an HOA according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for determining a gain parameter of an HOA according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gain spectrum of a distributed Raman amplifier according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another HOA structure provided in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a comparative schematic of simulation results;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining a gain parameter of an HOA according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, some related terms are explained below.
Pumping: the laser working medium is irradiated with light from the light source to effect population inversion, i.e., to excite the example in the ground state to a high energy state (lasing energy state).
Raman Amplifier (RA): the nonlinear effect of stimulated Raman scattering in the optical fiber is utilized to amplify the optical signal, so that the energy of the pump light can be transferred into the signal light in the optical fiber.
Switching gain: the logarithm of the ratio of the output power after the optical amplifier is turned on to the output power before the optical amplifier is turned on, with the input power unchanged.
Gain spectrum: the gain (also known as a gain curve) refers to the gain as a function of photon frequency (wavelength of light).
Average gain: the average value of the gain of an optical amplifier over the entire operating band (also known as the operating wavelength range).
Gain tilt: the gain curve on the whole working band is linearly fitted, and the difference between the linear fitting value of the short wavelength end of the working band minus the linear fitting value of the long wavelength end is the gain gradient.
Gain flatness: the difference between the maximum and minimum gain values over a given bandwidth is measured in decibels (dB). The smaller the gain flatness value, the better the gain flatness. Good gain flatness means that the fluctuation is small and the flattening is smooth in the given bandwidth range.
NF: also called noise figure, is an index for evaluating the noise performance of an amplifier. NF may be equal to the logarithm of the ratio of input OSNR to output OSNR.
OSNR: the ratio of the signal optical power to the noise optical power in the optical transmission link.
OSNR tolerance: the lowest OSNR value of the service signal can be successfully resolved at the service receiving end. When the OSNR value of the received service signal is lower than the OSNR tolerance, the receiving end cannot correctly analyze the service signal, and the service cannot be normally transmitted. It is necessary to add a relay station between two service stations so that the OSNR value of the service receiving end is raised above the OSNR tolerance.
OMS (optical multiplex section, optical multiplexing segment) (also called OMS span segment): and between two service sites, the two ends multiplexing and de-multiplexing single boards are used as paths for starting and stopping the single boards. OMS spans are the start and end points of the composite signal.
The structure of the HOA provided in the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an HOA according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the HOA includes a cascaded distributed raman amplifier 120 and a lumped amplifier 130. The distributed raman amplifier 120 comprises a pump source 121 and a control device 122. The pump source 121 is connected to the transmission fiber 110, and is configured to output pump light into the transmission fiber 110, where the transmission fiber 110 is a gain medium of the distributed raman amplifier 120. The control device 122 is connected to the pump source 121, and is used for controlling the driving current or driving voltage of the pump source 121, so as to control the power of the pump light output by the pump source 121. The control means 122 are further connected to the lumped amplifier 130 (connection not shown in the figure) for controlling the gain parameters of the lumped amplifier 130.
In the embodiment of the present application, the pump source 121 includes at least two pump light sources 1211, and different pump light sources 1211 are used to output pump light with different wavelengths. The pump light source 1211 employs a pump laser of a type such as a semiconductor laser (also called a Laser Diode (LD)), a distributed feedback (distributed feedback, DFB) laser, a distributed bragg reflection (distributed Bragg reflector, DBR) laser, or the like, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of pump laser.
In fig. 1, the distributed raman amplifier 120 is pumped in a backward direction, i.e., the signal light and the pump light have opposite transmission directions. The pumping mode of the distributed raman amplifier can be replaced by forward pumping or mixed pumping as required, and the embodiment of the application does not limit the pumping mode.
The pump source 121 may be connected to the transmission fiber 120 through a wavelength division multiplexing (wavelength division multiplexing, WDM) device 121a to transmit pump light into the transmission fiber 110.
The distributed raman amplifier 120 may also include a gain flattening filter (gain flattening filter, GFF) 123 in order to obtain the desired gain profile. The input of GFF123 is connected to the output of transmission optical fiber 110. GFF123 is a filter with different attenuation rates for different wavelengths of light. GFF123 is used to attenuate signal light according to a loss characteristic curve. The loss characteristic curve is used to indicate the correspondence between the wavelength and the attenuation amount. The loss characteristic curve of GFF123 corresponds to the gain spectrum of distributed raman amplifier 120 and the loss spectrum of transmission optical fiber 110. For a specific transmission route, a proper GFF is selected, so that the wavelength with higher original power is greatly attenuated, and the wavelength with lower original power is less attenuated, so that the power of each wavelength of the optical signal after passing through the filter reaches better balance.
Alternatively, the GFF123 may be a dynamic GFF or a fixed GFF. Dynamic GFF refers to GFF whose loss characteristics can be dynamically adjusted, and fixed GFF refers to GFF whose loss characteristics are fixed.
The operating band of the distributed raman amplifier 120 depends on the wavelength of the pump light, and selection of the pump light of the appropriate wavelength can achieve broadband optical amplification over the entire transmission bandwidth of the transmission fiber 110 (e.g., 1292nm to 1660 nm). When a plurality of signal lights with different wavelengths are simultaneously transmitted in the transmission optical fiber 110 and the wavelengths of the plurality of signal lights are all within the operating band of the distributed raman amplifier 110, if the raman gain spectrum of the distributed raman amplifier 120 is flat, the plurality of signal lights in the transmission optical fiber 110 can be simultaneously amplified.
The raman gain spectrum of the distributed raman amplifier 123 may be adjusted by controlling the pump source of the distributed raman amplifier. For example, the raman average gain of the distributed raman amplifier may be controlled by controlling the total power of the pump light output by the pump source, the larger the raman average gain of the distributed raman amplifier. For another example, when the pump source of the distributed raman amplifier comprises a plurality of pump light sources, the gain profile of the raman amplifier can also be controlled by adjusting the ratio of the output power of the pump lasers of different wavelengths to the total power. Here, the gain spectrum pattern may be represented by at least one parameter of gain inclination and gain flatness.
Illustratively, in fig. 1, the HOA comprises a plurality of lumped amplifiers 130, and further comprises a demultiplexer 140 and a combiner 150. The demultiplexer 140 has one input and at least two outputs. The input of the demultiplexer 140 is connected to the output of the distributed raman amplifier 120 and each output of the demultiplexer 140 is connected to the input of one of the lumped amplifiers 130. The combiner 150 has at least two inputs and an output, each input of the combiner 150 being connected to an output of a lumped amplifier 130. The demultiplexer 140 demultiplexes the first optical signal output from the distributed raman amplifier 120 to obtain multiple second optical signals, and outputs each second optical signal from one output terminal of the demultiplexer 140 to the corresponding lumped amplifier 130. The lumped amplifier 130 amplifies the received second optical signal and outputs the amplified second optical signal to an input terminal of the combiner 150. The combiner 150 combines the received multiplexed amplified second optical signals and outputs the combined signals. Here, each path of the second optical signal includes a plurality of paths of signal light, and the wavelengths of the signal light included in different paths of the second optical signal are different.
The lumped amplifier 130 may include a semiconductor amplifier, an erbium doped fiber amplifier (Erbium doped fiber amplifier, EDFA), or a lumped raman amplifier, for example.
The HOA is suitable for use in wavelength division multiplexing systems, especially in dense wavelength division multiplexing (dense wavelength division multiplexing, DWDM) systems. In a DWDM system, a plurality of optical channels are included in a single transmission fiber. Each optical channel is used for transmitting signal light with a corresponding wavelength, and the wavelengths of the signal light transmitted by different optical channels are different. Illustratively, one transmission fiber may include 80 optical channels, 96 optical channels, 120 optical channels, or the like. The HOA is capable of amplifying all signal light transmitted in the transmission fiber simultaneously.
As WDM systems have wider bandwidths, the bandwidth of the HOA's operating band has also been wider. The operating band of an HOA may also be referred to as the gain band, meaning that the HOA is capable of amplifying optical signals having wavelengths within the operating band. In the embodiment of the application, the bandwidth of the working band of the HOA may be above 50nm, even above 100 nm. Hereinafter, the operating band of the distributed raman amplifier is equivalent to the operating band of the HOA.
In some examples, the operating band of the HOA includes one communication band or a combination of two adjacent communication bands, the communication bands including an S-band, a C-band, and an L-band. For example, the operating band is a combination of S-band, C-band, and L-band, a combination of S-band and C-band, a combination of C-band and L-band, S-band, C-band, or L-band, etc. In other examples, the operating band includes at least a portion of a first communication band and at least a portion of a second communication band, the first communication band and the second communication band being adjacent two of an S-band, a C-band, and an L-band. For example, the operating band includes the entire C-band and the first half wavelength range of the L-band (i.e., the portion of the L-band near the C-band).
Wherein, the wavelength range of the S wave band is 1460 nm-1530 nm, the wavelength range of the C wave band is 1530 nm-1565 nm, and the wavelength range of the L wave band is 1565 nm-1625 nm.
It should be noted that, since the working band of HOA is wider, and the working band of a single lumped amplifier is generally narrower, for example, about 20nm, one lumped amplifier cannot amplify the signal light of the whole working band at the same time, so in fig. 1, the second optical signals with different wavelengths are amplified by using different lumped amplifiers. In other embodiments, the demultiplexer, at least two lumped amplifiers, and combiner of fig. 1 may be replaced with one lumped amplifier when the operating band of one lumped amplifier covers all wavelengths of the signal light. The lumped amplifier is used for further amplifying the whole first optical signal output by the distributed Raman amplifier.
In the distributed raman amplifier, when the wavelength shift of the pump light and the signal light is about 100nm, the signal light can obtain a large gain. When the working band of the distributed raman amplifier is wider, the difference between the wavelength of the short wavelength signal light of the working band and the wavelength of the pump light corresponding to the long wavelength signal light of the working band is smaller, and even overlaps. In this case, the transmission performance of the signal light in the short wavelength portion of the operating band may be significantly degraded. Only the average gain and/or gain gradient of the distributed raman amplifier in the whole working band are adjusted, so that the improvement of the transmission performance of the signal light of the short wavelength part is limited, and the transmission performance requirement cannot be met.
For this reason, the embodiment of the present application controls the average gain of the distributed raman amplifier and the average gain of the lumped amplifier by dividing the entire operating band of the HOA into a plurality of sub-bands, the molecular band, so as to improve the transmission performance of the optical signal of each sub-band.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for determining a gain parameter of an HOA according to an embodiment of the present application. The method may be performed by a computer device, which may be a control means of the HOA, or a management device in an optical communication system, etc. The method may be performed at the time of an optical communication system deployment or after an optical communication system is upgraded or maintained. As shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
201: the raman average gain of the distributed raman amplifier in the HOA is obtained.
When a plurality of optical amplifiers are cascaded, the total NF of the plurality of optical amplifiers is mainly dependent on the NF of the first stage amplifier. For the HOA in fig. 1, the NF of the HOA is primarily dependent on the raman NF of the distributed raman amplifier. And raman NF is related to the raman average gain of the distributed raman amplifier. Therefore, the conditions such as the pumping capacity of the distributed Raman amplifier can be considered first, and the Raman average gain can be determined under the condition that no extra nonlinear cost is introduced.
The raman average gain may be obtained by an input device. I.e. empirically set by the staff and input to the computer device via the input means.
202: first raman gain profile information for the distributed raman amplifier is determined based on the raman average gain.
In the embodiment of the present application, the operating band of the HOA includes N subbands. Wherein N is an integer and N is greater than 1. For example, when the operating band is a combination of the C-band and the L-band, the operating band is divided into two sub-bands, the C-band and the L-band, respectively. For another example, when the operating band is a combination of S-band, C-band and L-band, the operating band is divided into three sub-bands, S-band, C-band and L-band, respectively.
In the embodiment of the present application, the number and the division manner of the sub-bands included in the working band are not limited, and may be set according to actual needs. Here, the division includes the bandwidth of the sub-band and the start wavelength and the end wavelength of the sub-band, etc. But the pump light corresponding to the signal light in each sub-band needs to be provided by a different pump light source.
The first raman gain distribution information includes a first raman average gain for each sub-band, and an average value of a sum of the first raman average gains for the N sub-bands is equal to a raman average gain of the distributed raman amplifier.
In some examples, when the raman gain profile information of the distributed raman amplifier is first determined, the first raman average gain of each sub-band may be made equal to the raman average gain of the distributed raman amplifier. In other examples, one set of raman gain profile information may be selected according to a selection policy from a plurality of sets of raman gain profile information set in advance. The selection policy is, for example, random selection, sequential selection according to the arrangement order of the multiple sets of raman gain distribution information, and the like, which is not limited in this application.
203: the total gain of each sub-band comprised by the operating band of the HOA is determined.
Illustratively, the total gain of each sub-band may be determined based on the in-fiber optical power information and the fiber-related information of the transmission fiber. As previously described, HOA includes distributed raman amplifiers and lumped amplifiers, and the transmission fiber is the gain medium of the distributed raman amplifier. The optical power information includes single-wave optical power of signal light of each wavelength transmitted in the transmission fiber, i.e., single-wave optical power of each wavelength when the optical combination signal is input to the entrance end of the transmission fiber. Alternatively, the in-fiber optical power information may further include a sum of single-wave in-fiber optical powers of all the wavelength signal lights transmitted in the transmission optical fiber, that is, a combined-wave in-fiber optical power.
In some examples, the in-fiber optical power information may be preconfigured, e.g., stored in the computer device or other storage device. Before executing the method, the computer equipment acquires the preconfigured fiber-in optical power information.
In other examples, the optical communication system is started, and the optical power information of the incoming fiber can be detected by the optical power detection unit. The optical power detection unit may be an optical performance monitor (optical performance monitor, OPM) or a spectrometer or the like arranged at the transmission site of the signal light.
In some examples, the fiber-related information includes fiber type, fiber loss factor, and fiber physical length, among others. The optical fiber related information is used for determining the output optical power of the signal light after being transmitted in a certain length of transmission optical fiber.
The optical fiber types include, but are not limited to, g.652, g.655, g.653, g.654, and the like. Different fiber types have different fiber parameters. Fiber parameters include, but are not limited to, wavelength dependent attenuation coefficient, wavelength dependent raman gain coefficient, wavelength dependent dispersion, and the like.
For example, when the operating band includes N sub-bands, the total gain of the N sub-bands is G 1 ，G 2 ……G N . The total gain of the ith sub-band may be calculated using equation (1).
G i ＝P i (0)-P i (L) (1)
In the formula (1), i represents the number of the sub-band, G i Representing the total gain, P, of the ith sub-band i (0) Representing the input optical power of signal light of the ith sub-band, P i (L) represents the output optical power of the signal light of the ith sub-band after being transmitted in the transmission optical fiber having a length of L. P due to the presence of HOA i (L) is difficult to measure directly, so it can be calculated by using the formula (2).
In the formula (2), i and j each represent the number of a sub-band, P i (L) is the output optical power of the ith sub-band of the distributed Raman amplifier, P s (0) Input optical power of ith sub-band of distributed Raman amplifier, P j (0) For the input optical power of the jth sub-band omega i For the center angular frequency, ω, of the ith band j Center angular frequency g of jth band R For the raman gain coefficient, alpha s Is the loss coefficient of the optical fiber (also called as the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber), L is the physical length of the optical fiber, L eff Is the effective length of the optical fiber.
In the formula (1) and the formula (2), P i (0) And P j (0) Can be determined based on the incoming optical power information of the transmission fiber. For example, P i (0) Equal to the sum of the single-wave-in fiber optical powers of all signal lights contained in the ith sub-band, P j (0) Equal to the sum of the single-wave fiber-in optical powers of all the signal lights contained in the jth sub-band. Omega i And omega j Can be calculated from the center wavelength of the corresponding sub-band. g R Can be determined according to the fiber type of the transmission fiber and the center frequency of the ith sub-band. Alpha s May be determined based on the type of transmission fiber.
In this embodiment of the present application, the numbers of the sub-bands may be numbered from 1 in the order from short to long or from long to short, which is not limited in this application, as long as each sub-wavelength corresponds to one number.
204: and determining first lumped gain distribution information of the lumped amplifier according to the total gain of each sub-band and the first Raman gain distribution information of the distributed Raman amplifier.
The first lumped gain distribution information includes a first lumped average gain of the lumped amplifier corresponding to each sub-band.
Since the total gain of the HOA of the ith sub-band is equal to the sum of the first raman average gain and the first lumped average gain corresponding to the ith sub-band. Therefore, the first lumped average gain of the ith sub-band can be obtained by subtracting the first raman average gain of the ith sub-band from the total gain of the ith sub-band.
In this embodiment of the present application, the combination of the first raman gain distribution information and the first lumped gain distribution information is the first overall gain distribution information of the HOA. The foregoing steps 201 to 204 may be implemented to obtain the first overall gain distribution information of the HOA.
205: and acquiring first Raman gain distribution information and a first transmission performance parameter set corresponding to the first lumped gain distribution information.
The first transmission performance parameter set comprises N first transmission performance parameters, and the N first transmission performance parameters are in one-to-one correspondence with the N sub-bands. The first transmission performance parameter is used for indicating the transmission performance of the signal light of the corresponding sub-band when the HOA amplifies the signal light according to the first overall gain distribution information. For example, the N first transmission performance parameters are Q1 to QN, respectively. Q1 indicates the transmission performance of the signal light of the 1 st sub-band, and … … QN indicates the transmission performance of the signal light of the N-th sub-band.
In one possible embodiment, the larger the value of the first transmission performance parameter, the better the transmission performance of the signal light of the corresponding sub-band; the smaller the value of the first transmission performance parameter, the worse the transmission performance of the signal light of the corresponding sub-band. The first transmission performance parameter illustratively includes at least one of an OSNR margin and a received OSNR.
In some examples, when the OSNR margin corresponding to the ith sub-band is greater than 0, it indicates that the optical signal of the ith sub-band may reach the receiving station, and the transmission performance of the signal light of the ith sub-band is considered to satisfy the transmission performance requirement. Or when the OSNR margin corresponding to the ith sub-band is less than or equal to 0, it indicates that the optical signal of the ith sub-band cannot reach the receiving station, and the transmission performance of the signal light of the ith sub-band is considered to not meet the transmission performance requirement.
In other examples, a larger OSNR margin indicates a better transmission quality of the optical signal of the corresponding sub-band. And when the OSNR allowance corresponding to the ith sub-band is larger than a first threshold value, the transmission performance of the signal light of the ith sub-band meets the transmission performance requirement. Or when the OSNR margin corresponding to the ith sub-band is less than or equal to the first threshold, it indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of the ith sub-band does not meet the transmission performance requirement. The value of the first threshold may be determined according to a requirement of transmission performance of the optical communication system, which is not limited in the present application. The larger the value of the first threshold value is, the better the transmission performance of the optical communication system is.
In another possible embodiment, the smaller the value of the first transmission performance parameter, the better the transmission quality of the signal light of the corresponding sub-band; the larger the value of the first transmission performance parameter, the worse the transmission quality of the signal light representing the corresponding sub-band. Illustratively, the first transmission performance parameter comprises NF of the HOA. The NF of the HOA affects the received OSNR of the signal light, and the larger the NF of the HOA, the larger the noise power introduced by the HOA, which may cause the received OSNR of the signal light to decrease, i.e., the transmission quality of the signal light to deteriorate.
In some examples, the transmission performance of the signal light of the i-th sub-band is indicated to satisfy the transmission performance requirement when NF of the HOA corresponding to the i-th sub-band is less than the second threshold value. Or when NF of the HOA corresponding to the ith sub-band is greater than or equal to the second threshold, it indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of the ith sub-band does not meet the transmission performance requirement.
The value of the second threshold may be determined according to a requirement of transmission performance of the optical communication system, which is not limited in the present application. The smaller the value of the second threshold value is, the better the transmission performance of the optical communication system is.
In the following, taking the first transmission performance parameter as an OSNR margin as an example, how to obtain the first transmission performance parameter corresponding to the first overall gain distribution information of the ith sub-band will be described.
Firstly, obtaining a receiving OSNR of an ith sub-band; then, the OSNR margin of the i th sub-band is determined based on the received OSNR of the i th sub-band. For example, the OSNR margin is subtracted from the received OSNR for the i-th sub-band to obtain the i-th sub-band OSNR margin. Here, the received OSNR of the ith sub-band is the OSNR of the signal light of the ith sub-band received by the receiving station, which is connected to the output end of the optical multiplexing section where the HOA is located. The OSNR margin for the i th sub-band may be determined based on the non-linearity cost of the i th sub-band and the back-to-back capability between the transmitting station and the receiving station. For example, the OSNR tolerance of the i th sub-band may be equal to the sum of the non-linearity cost and the back-to-back capability of the i th sub-band.
The nonlinear cost of the ith sub-band is positively correlated with the fiber-entering optical power of the ith sub-band, and the larger the fiber-entering optical power of the ith sub-band is, the larger the nonlinear cost of the ith sub-band is. In some examples, a functional relationship between the nonlinear cost and the optical power of the incoming fiber may be obtained through testing, and the nonlinear cost corresponding to the optical power of the incoming fiber of the ith sub-band may be determined by using the functional relationship. The back-to-back capability can be obtained by testing after the transmitting port of the transmitting station is directly connected with the receiving port of the receiving station, and a back-to-back transmission environment is built.
Illustratively, the received OSNR of the i th sub-band may be determined according to the input optical power of the i th sub-band, the first raman average gain of the i th sub-band, and the first lumped average gain.
For example, determining the received OSNR for the ith sub-band may include the following steps:
and a first step of determining NF of the HOA of the ith sub-band according to the first Raman average gain and the first lumped average gain of the ith sub-band.
In the first step, determining a first Raman NF according to a first Raman average gain of an ith sub-band; determining a first lumped NF corresponding to the first lumped gain according to the first lumped average gain of the ith sub-band; and obtaining the NF of the HOA of the ith sub-band according to the first Raman NF and the first lumped NF.
The memory of the computer equipment is pre-stored with a first corresponding relation between the wavelength of the distributed Raman amplifier and the Raman NF and a second corresponding relation between the wavelength of the lumped amplifier and the lumped NF. The first correspondence and the second correspondence may be obtained through experiments. For example, under the condition that the signal fiber-in power spectrum is fixed, adjusting the pump light power to realize the Raman average gain set by each sub-band, testing the Raman NF spectral line of the whole working band, and storing the Raman NF spectral line, wherein the Raman NF spectral line is the first corresponding relation; and the second corresponding relation can be obtained by the same method.
And determining the maximum Raman NF in the Raman NF corresponding to all the wavelengths in the ith sub-band as the first Raman NF of the ith sub-band according to the first corresponding relation. And according to the second corresponding relation, determining the maximum lumped NF in the lumped NF corresponding to all the wavelengths in the ith sub-band as the first lumped NF of the ith sub-band.
And step two, determining the receiving OSNR of the ith sub-band according to the fiber-entering optical power of the ith sub-band, the total gain of the ith sub-band and the NF of the optical amplifier of the ith sub-band.
In the second step, the received OSNR of the ith sub-band may be calculated according to equation (3).
OSNR Rx_i ＝58+Pout–Gain i –NF i (3)
This equation (3) is an OSNR estimation equation, also called 58.
In formula (3), OSNR Rx_i Represents the received OSNR of the ith sub-band, pout represents the in-fiber optical power of the ith sub-band, gain i Indicating the total gain of the ith sub-band, NF i Indicating NF for HOA of the ith sub-band.
Since the OSNR margin is positively correlated with the received OSNR, the received OSNR may also be directly employed as the first transmission performance parameter, or the OSNR margin and the received OSNR may be employed simultaneously as the first transmission performance parameter. Similarly, from this equation (3), it can be seen that the NF of HOA is inversely related to the received OSNR, and thus, the NF of HOA can also be employed as the first transmission performance parameter.
206: and determining target gain distribution information of the HOA according to the first integral gain distribution information and the first transmission performance parameter set.
In 206, it may be first determined whether the transmission performance of each sub-band meets the transmission performance requirement according to the first set of transmission performance parameters. The transmission performance requirements may be preset before the method is performed. The transmission performance requirements may include at least one of: the OSNR margin for the worst sub-band is greater than a first threshold, NF for the HOA corresponding to the worst sub-band is less than a second threshold, the difference between the OSNR margin for the best sub-band and the OSNR margin for the worst sub-band is not greater than a third threshold, the difference between the received OSNR for the best sub-band and the received OSNR for the worst sub-band is not greater than a fourth threshold, and so on. Here, the third threshold value and the fourth threshold value may be set according to a requirement for system performance.
In one possible implementation, if the first transmission performance parameter indicates that the transmission performance of all sub-bands meets the transmission performance requirement (e.g., the OSNR margin of the worst sub-band is greater than a set first threshold value), the first overall gain distribution information is determined as the target overall gain distribution information.
In another possible implementation manner, if the first transmission performance parameter indicates that the transmission performance of the partial sub-band cannot meet the requirement, for example, the OSNR margin of the worst sub-band is smaller than a set first threshold value, or the difference between the OSNR margin of the best sub-band and the OSNR margin of the worst sub-band is greater than a third threshold value, or the like, the first overall gain distribution information needs to be adjusted until the transmission performance of all sub-bands meets the requirement, and the second overall gain distribution information when the transmission performance of all sub-bands meets the requirement is determined as the target overall gain distribution information.
In some examples, the manner in which the first overall gain profile information is adjusted may include: the Raman average gain of the distributed Raman amplifier is kept unchanged, the first Raman average gain of at least two sub-bands in the N sub-bands is changed, and correspondingly, the first lumped average gain corresponding to the sub-band with the changed first Raman average gain is also changed, so that the adjusted first integral gain distribution information is obtained. And then, obtaining the transmission performance parameters corresponding to the adjusted first integral gain distribution information. And if the transmission performance parameters corresponding to the adjusted first integral gain distribution information indicate that the transmission performance of all sub-bands meets the transmission performance requirement, the adjusted first integral gain distribution information is the target integral gain distribution information. And if the transmission performance parameter corresponding to the adjusted first integral gain distribution information indicates that the transmission performance of the partial sub-band does not have the transmission performance requirement, further adjusting the adjusted first integral gain distribution information.
The raman average gain of the distributed raman amplifier is kept unchanged, and in the process of changing the first raman average gain of at least two sub-bands in the N sub-bands, only the first raman average gains of the two sub-bands can be adjusted at a time. For example, the first raman average gain of the first sub-band is increased by a set value and the first raman average gain of the second sub-band is decreased by a set value. The adjustment mode is simple and easy to realize.
Illustratively, the first sub-band is the worst sub-band and the second sub-band is the best sub-band. When the larger the value of the first transmission performance parameter is, the better the transmission performance is, the worst sub-band is the sub-band corresponding to the minimum value in the first transmission performance parameter set, and the best sub-band is the sub-band corresponding to the maximum value in the first transmission performance parameter set. When the value of the first transmission performance parameter is smaller, the transmission performance is better, the worst sub-band is the sub-band corresponding to the maximum value in the first transmission performance parameter set, and the best sub-band is the sub-band corresponding to the minimum value in the first transmission performance parameter set. And the worst sub-band and the best sub-band are taken as adjustment objects for each adjustment, so that the transmission performance requirement can be met quickly.
The procedure of adjusting the first overall gain distribution information to determine the target overall gain distribution information is exemplified below.
Let the raman average gain of the distributed raman amplifier be G0. Initializing to obtain a first group of integral gain distribution information, wherein the Raman average gains corresponding to N sub-wave bands are G10-GN 0 respectively, G10-GN 0 are equal to G0, and the lumped Raman gains corresponding to N sub-wave bands are calculated according to G10-GN 0.
And obtaining a first transmission performance parameter set { Q10-QN 0} corresponding to the first group of integral gain distribution information, and judging that the transmission performance of at least part of sub-wave bands does not meet the transmission performance requirement according to { Q10-QN 0 }.
And determining the sub-band corresponding to Q20 as the worst sub-band and the sub-band corresponding to Q30 as the best sub-band according to the first transmission performance parameter set. And increasing the Raman average gain of the 2 nd sub-band corresponding to the Q20 to enable the Raman average gain of the 2 nd sub-band to be changed into G21, and decreasing the Raman average gain of the 3 rd sub-band corresponding to the Q30 to enable the Raman average gain of the 2 nd sub-band to be changed into G31, so that the second group of integral gain distribution information is obtained. The raman average gains corresponding to the N sub-bands are G10, G21, and G31, … …, respectively.
And obtaining a second transmission performance parameter set { Q11-QN 1} corresponding to the second group of integral gain distribution information, and judging whether the transmission performance of the sub-band meets the transmission performance requirement according to { Q11-QN 1 }. If the transmission performance of all sub-bands meets the transmission performance requirement, the second set of overall gain distribution information is determined as target gain distribution information. If the transmission performance of the sub-band still exists and cannot meet the transmission performance requirement, the worst sub-band and the best sub-band are redetermined according to { Q11-QN 1}, and adjustment is performed in the same manner as described above until the overall gain distribution information is obtained, wherein the transmission performance of all the sub-bands can meet the transmission performance requirement.
In yet another possible embodiment, multiple sets of raman gain profile information for the distributed raman amplifier may be preconfigured, each set of raman gain profile information comprising: the second raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and the second lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for each sub-band, and the average value of the N second raman average gains in each set of raman gain distribution information is equal. In the different sets of raman gain distribution information, raman average gains of at least one sub-band are different. The first raman gain distribution information is one of the plurality of sets of raman gain distribution information, and the second raman gain distribution information is the other than the first raman gain distribution information.
Traversing each set of Raman gain distribution information to obtain transmission performance parameters corresponding to each set of Raman gain distribution information. A target set of transmission performance parameters is determined from the first set of transmission performance and the plurality of second sets of transmission performance parameters, a worst transmission performance parameter of the target set of transmission performance parameters being better than a worst transmission performance parameter of the other sets of transmission performance parameters. And taking the overall gain distribution information corresponding to the target transmission performance parameter set as target overall gain distribution information. That is, a set of raman gain distribution information having the best transmission performance in the worst sub-band is set as the target raman gain distribution information.
In this embodiment of the present application, each set of raman gain distribution information of the distributed raman amplifier corresponds to a worst sub-band, and the worst sub-bands corresponding to two sets of different raman gain distribution information may be the same sub-band or may be different sub-bands.
Under the condition that the total gain of the ith sub-band is unchanged, when the Raman average gain corresponding to the ith sub-band is changed, the lumped average gain corresponding to the ith sub-band is also changed, and accordingly, the NF of the distributed Raman amplifier and the NF of the lumped amplifier corresponding to the ith sub-band are also changed, so that the total NF corresponding to the ith sub-band is changed. As can be seen from the foregoing equation (3), the received OSNR of the i th sub-band is inversely proportional to the total NF of the i th sub-band. When the total NF of the ith sub-band changes, the received OSNR of the ith sub-band also changes. Therefore, the embodiment of the application can reduce the total NF of the ith sub-band by optimizing the gain of the ith sub-band in the distributed Raman amplifier and the duty ratio of the gain of the lumped Raman amplifier in the total gain, so that the transmission performance of the ith sub-band is improved.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
207: the target gain tilt for each sub-band is determined based on at least one of the noise performance parameter and the fiber loss performance parameter of the HOA.
The noise performance parameter may include NF, and the fiber loss performance parameter may include SRS transfer amount and WDL, among others.
Because the noise performance and the optical fiber loss performance of the HOA can influence the gain gradient of each sub-band in the HOA, so that the received OSNR of the signal light with different wavelengths in each sub-band is uneven, the influence of the gain gradient caused by the noise performance and/or the optical fiber loss performance of the HOA can be considered in advance, the gain gradient caused by the noise performance and/or the optical fiber loss performance of the HOA can be compensated, and the received OSNR of the signal light with different wavelengths in the sub-band is even, thereby reducing the cost of the system.
In some examples, the target gain tilt for each sub-band may be determined based on the noise performance and fiber loss performance of the optical amplifier, and the fiber loss performance includes SRS transfer and WDL. For example, determining a first flattening value of the ith sub-band according to the SRS transition amount of the longest wave and the SRS transition amount of the shortest wave in the ith sub-band; determining a second flat value of the ith sub-band according to the WDL of the longest wave and the WDL of the shortest wave in the ith sub-band; determining a third flat value of the ith sub-band according to NF corresponding to the longest wave and NF corresponding to the shortest wave in the ith sub-band; and determining the target Raman gain gradient of the ith sub-band according to the first flat value, the second flat value and the third flat value of the ith sub-band.
Illustratively, the first flat value of the ith sub-band is equal to the shortest wave SRS transition amount minus the longest wave SRS transition amount in the ith sub-band. The SRS transition amount of any one wavelength is used to indicate the power of the signal light of that wavelength that is transferred to the signal light of another wavelength due to the SRS effect. For example, due to SRS effect, part of the energy of the optical signal with a small wavelength is transferred into the optical signal with a large wavelength, resulting in a decrease in the energy of the optical signal with a small wavelength and an increase in the energy of the optical signal with a large wavelength. When the transfer amount is less than 0, the signal light representing the wavelength obtains a net increase due to SRS transfer energy.
The SRS transition amount at any one wavelength in the ith sub-band can be calculated from the input optical power and the output optical power at that wavelength. For example, the SRS shift amount for each wavelength may be equal to the difference between the input optical power and the output optical power for that wavelength minus the fiber loss amount. Illustratively, the amount of fiber loss is equal to the product of the fiber loss factor and the physical length of the fiber. Wherein the fiber loss factor is related to the fiber type, and the fiber loss factors of different types are generally different.
In some examples, the SRS transition amount for any wavelength in the ith sub-band may be calculated using the following equation (4):
SRS＝P(0)-P(L)-αL (4)
In the formula (4), P (0) represents the input optical power of the signal light with any wavelength in the ith sub-band, P (L) represents the output optical power of the signal light with any wavelength in the ith sub-band after being transmitted in the transmission optical fiber with the length of L, α is the optical fiber loss coefficient, the unit can be dB/km, and L is the physical length of the optical fiber. P (L) may be calculated using equation (2).
Illustratively, the second flat value of the ith sub-band is equal to the shortest wave WDL minus the longest wave WDL in the ith sub-band. The WDL of the longest wave and the WDL of the shortest wave in the i-th sub-band may be determined based on the fiber loss coefficient corresponding to the fiber type of the transmission fiber. Taking the WDL of the longest wave in the ith sub-band as an example, the optical fiber loss coefficient of the longest wave in the ith sub-band may be determined according to the optical fiber type, and then the optical fiber loss coefficient is multiplied by the physical length of the optical fiber to obtain the WDL of the longest wave in the ith sub-band. The manner of determining the shortest wave WDL in the i-th sub-band is the same as above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
Illustratively, the third flat value of the ith sub-band is equal to the NF corresponding to the shortest wave minus the NF corresponding to the longest wave in the ith sub-band. NF corresponding to the longest wave and NF corresponding to the shortest wave in the ith sub-band can be determined according to the first corresponding relation and the second corresponding relation.
In some examples, the target raman gain slope of the ith sub-band may be equal to a sum of the first flat value, the second flat value, and the third flat value. In other examples, the target raman gain tilt for the ith sub-band may be obtained from substituting the sum of the first, second, and third flattening values into a set functional relationship. Alternatively, the functional relationship may be a linear functional relationship or a non-linear functional relationship, or other functional relationship.
In still other examples, the target raman gain slope for each sub-band may be determined based on noise performance parameters or fiber loss performance parameters of the optical amplifier. For example, the first flat value or the second flat value or the third flat value is determined as the target gain gradient of the ith sub-band, or one of the first flat value, the second flat value and the third flat value is substituted into the corresponding functional relation to obtain the target gain gradient of the ith sub-band. When the flatness of the received OSNR in the sub-band can be made within the set flatness range by considering only one of the first flatness value, the second flatness value, and the third flatness value, the target raman gain tilt of the i-th sub-band may be determined based on only one of them.
208: and determining the target Raman gain gradient and the target lumped gain gradient of each sub-band according to the target gain gradient of each sub-band.
Illustratively, this step 208 may include the following two steps.
And a first step of determining a Raman gain adjusting range of each sub-band according to the target Raman average gain of each sub-band.
For a distributed raman amplifier, each raman average gain combination corresponds to an original raman gain spectrum, which refers to the raman gain spectrum in the absence of GFF. The original raman gain spectrum corresponding to all possible raman average gain combinations in the distributed raman amplifier can be obtained through experiments or simulations. Then, according to the original raman gain spectrum corresponding to each raman average gain combination, an adjustable range of gain gradient of each sub-band under the raman average gain combination, that is, the aforementioned raman gain adjustment range is determined. For example, on the premise that the raman average gain of the i-th sub-band is unchanged, the gain of the longest wave of the i-th sub-band minus the gain of the shortest wave is set as the minimum value of the raman gain adjustment range, and the gain of the shortest wave of the i-th sub-band minus the gain of the longest wave is set as the maximum value of the raman gain adjustment range.
And a second step of determining the target Raman gain gradient and the target lumped gain gradient of each sub-band according to the maximum value in the Raman gain adjustment range of each sub-band, the lumped gain gradient default value and the target gain gradient.
In the second step, the sum of the maximum value in the raman gain adjustment range of the ith sub-band and the default value of the lumped gain tilt is compared with the magnitude of the target gain tilt. If the sum of the maximum value in the raman gain adjustment range of the ith sub-band and the lumped gain slope default value is greater than or equal to the target gain slope, determining the difference between the target gain slope and the lumped gain slope default value as the target raman gain slope, and determining the lumped gain slope default value as the target lumped gain slope. If the sum of the maximum value in the raman gain adjustment range of the ith sub-band and the lumped gain inclination default value is smaller than the target gain inclination, determining the maximum value in the raman gain adjustment range of the ith sub-band as the target raman gain inclination, and determining the difference between the target gain inclination and the maximum value in the raman gain adjustment range of the ith sub-band as the target lumped gain inclination.
That is, the raman gain tilt of the distributed raman amplifier is preferentially adjusted so that the gain tilt of the HOA reaches the target gain tilt. If the raman gain tilt of the distributed raman amplifier is adjusted only, the gain tilt of the HOA cannot be made to reach the target gain tilt, the raman gain tilt is adjusted to the maximum, and then the difference between the target gain tilt and the raman gain tilt is complemented by the lumped amplifier.
After the target raman gain slope of each sub-band is determined, the loss characteristic curve of the GFF can be determined from the original raman gain spectrum corresponding to the target gain slope and the target average gain combination.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gain spectrum of a distributed raman amplifier determined by the gain parameter determining method according to an embodiment of the present application. The working wave band is the combination of C wave band and L wave band, and two sub-wave bands are C wave band and L wave band respectively. The left side of the broken line in fig. 3 is the C-band, and the right side of the broken line is the L-band. The average gain of the C-band is greater than the average gain of the L-band, and the gain tilt of the C-band is greater than the gain tilt of the L-band.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and controlling the output power of the pump laser corresponding to the third sub-band according to the target Raman average gain and the target Raman gain gradient of the third sub-band, wherein the third sub-band is any one of N sub-bands.
For example, the driving signal corresponding to the third sub-band may be generated according to the target raman average gain and the target raman gain gradient of the third sub-band, where the driving signal corresponding to the third sub-band is used to control the output power of the pump laser corresponding to the third sub-band. The drive signal may be a voltage signal or a current signal.
In one possible embodiment, the correspondence relationship of the average gain combination, the signal light power, and the driving current (or driving voltage) of the pump laser may be preconfigured. The output power of each pump light source can be determined corresponding to the specific type of optical fiber, and under the condition of determining the signal light power, the requirements of the working gain and the average gain slope required by the system are met. And for pump lasers, the output power value has a correspondence with its driving voltage or driving current. Therefore, when the output power of the pump laser is determined, the corresponding driving voltage or driving current can be obtained.
Illustratively, the correspondence relationship of the average gain combination, the signal light power, and the driving current of the pump laser may be represented by table one.
List one
| P1 | P2 | …… | Px | |
| Average gain combination 1 | I111,I211,……Iv11 | I111,I211,……Iv11 | …… | I111,I211,……Iv11 |
| Average gain combination 2 | I111,I211,……Iv11 | I111,I211,……Iv11 | …… | I111,I211,……Iv11 |
| …… | …… | …… | …… | …… |
| Average gain combination m | I111,I211,……Iv11 | I111,I211,……Iv11 | …… | I111,I211,……Iv11 |
In table one, px represents the x-th signal optical power, which refers to the combined input optical power of all the signal lights that are not amplified, the average gain combination m represents the m-th average gain combination of the N sub-bands, v represents the v-th pump laser in the distributed raman amplifier, and Ivmx represents the driving current of the v-th pump laser corresponding to the m-th average gain combination at the x-th power.
When a certain signal light power is between two adjacent power values, the driving current of the corresponding pump laser can be searched according to the power value closest to the signal light power.
Since the signal light is affected by various nonlinear effects and other uncertain factors in the actual transmission process, after power distribution is performed according to the corresponding relationship between the average gain combination, the signal light power and the driving current of the pump laser, the raman average gain of the distributed raman amplifier may not reach the target average gain and/or the target raman gain gradient. Therefore, the pump source of the distributed raman amplifier can be further adjusted by adopting a feedback adjustment mode, so that the raman average gain of each sub-band in the distributed raman amplifier reaches the target raman average gain of each sub-band, and the gain gradient of each sub-band reaches the target raman gain gradient.
In one feedback adjustment method, a target ASE noise power corresponding to the target average gain combination and the target power value may be determined according to a correspondence between the average gain combination, the power value of the signal light amplified by the HOA, and the ASE noise power of the amplifier spontaneous emission (amplifier spontaneousemissio). And then comparing the detected actual ASE noise power with the target ASE noise power, and adjusting the driving current of the pumping laser according to the comparison result.
In the embodiment of the application, the actual ASE noise power may include a short-band out-of-band ASE noise power and a long-band out-of-band ASE noise power. Accordingly, the target ASE noise power includes a short band target value and a long band target value.
Here, the long band and the short band are with respect to the operation band of the raman amplifier. For example, the long wavelength band refers to a wavelength band longer than the longest wavelength of the operation band of the raman amplifier; short wavelength band refers to a wavelength band shorter than the shortest wavelength of the operating band of the raman amplifier. For example, if the wavelength range of the raman amplifier is 1530nm to 1625nm, the wavelength range of the long wavelength band may be 1625nm to 1645nm, and the wavelength range of the short wavelength band may be 1510nm to 1530nm.
The correspondence among the average gain combination, the power value of the signal light amplified by HOA, and the ASE noise power can be seen from table two.
Watch II
In table two, py represents the power value of the y-th signal light power, here, the combined light power of all the signal lights amplified by the distributed raman amplifier, the average gain combination m represents the m-th average gain combination of the N sub-bands, ase_ Lmy represents the short band target value corresponding to the m-th average gain combination at the y-th power value, and ase_hmy represents the long band target value corresponding to the m-th average gain combination at the y-th power value.
When a certain signal light power is between two adjacent power values, the corresponding target ASE noise power can be searched according to the power value closest to the signal light power.
When detecting the actual ASE noise power, a beam splitter can be adopted first to acquire a small part of signal light in the signal light; then, the small part of signal light is incident to a wavelength selector to acquire out-of-band ASE noise of the distributed Raman amplifier; and finally, receiving the external ASE noise by a photoelectric detector, and converting to obtain the actual out-of-band ASE noise power. The wavelength selector may be a filter or a wavelength division multiplexing device (wavelength division multiplexing, WDM) or the like, for example.
The driving current of the pump laser is adjusted according to the comparison result, and the following method can be adopted: firstly, determining a first difference value between short-band out-of-band ASE noise power and a short-band target value and a second difference value between long-band out-of-band ASE noise power and a long-band target value; the current adjustment of each pump laser is determined based on the first and second differences.
In the embodiment of the application, the corresponding relation among the long-band out-of-band ASE noise power deviation amount, the long-band out-of-band ASE noise power deviation amount and the current adjustment amount of each pump laser can be determined through experiments in advance. The present application does not limit the manner of the test.
Optionally, when the HOA includes a plurality of lumped amplifiers, the plurality of lumped amplifiers are respectively used to amplify signal light of different sub-bands output by the distributed raman amplifier, the method further includes: and controlling the average gain of the lumped amplifier corresponding to the fourth sub-band according to the target lumped average gain of the fourth sub-band, wherein the fourth sub-band is any one of N sub-bands.
In the embodiment of the present application, the raman average gain of the distributed raman amplifier refers to an average value of the raman gain of the operating band in the operating band. The first raman average gain for a sub-band refers to the average of the raman gain for that sub-band over that sub-band. Raman gain refers to the switching gain of a distributed raman amplifier.
In the embodiment of the present application, the working band of the HOA is divided into N sub-bands, and a corresponding first raman average gain and a first lumped average gain are determined according to each sub-band, so as to obtain first overall gain distribution information of the HOA. And obtaining a first transmission performance parameter set for indicating the transmission performance of the signal light of the corresponding sub-band when the HOA amplifies the signal light according to the first integral gain distribution information, and determining the target Raman average gain and the target lumped average gain of each sub-band according to the first integral gain distribution information and the first transmission performance parameter set so as to realize the respective control of the gain spectrum types of each sub-band. The mode of controlling the gain spectrum type of the HOA by the molecular wave band can enlarge the adjusting range of the gain spectrum type of the HOA and is beneficial to optimizing the transmission performance of an optical communication system.
The embodiment of the application also provides an HOA, which comprises a distributed Raman amplifier, a control device and at least one lumped amplifier. The control device may perform at least part of the steps of the method shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another HOA according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, the HOA includes a distributed raman amplifier 120 and a lumped amplifier 130.
The control device 122 of the distributed raman amplifier 120 comprises a power detection unit 1221 and a control unit 1223. The power detection unit 1221 is configured to detect the optical power of the signal light of each sub-band. The control unit 1223 is configured to determine the output power of the pump laser corresponding to each sub-band according to the optical power, the target average gain, and the target gain inclination of the signal light of each sub-band. The way in which the control unit 123 determines the output power of the pump laser is referred to the method embodiments described above and will not be described in detail here.
The power detection unit 1221 is connected to the transmission optical fiber 110 through a first spectroscopic device 1221a, and the first spectroscopic device 1221a is configured to separate a small portion of the signal light from the transmission optical fiber 110, which is used as the signal light for detection. The power monitoring unit 1221 includes a photoelectric conversion device 12211 for photoelectrically converting a small portion of the signal light split by the first spectroscopic device 1221a to obtain the optical power of the signal light for detection. The control unit 1223 may obtain the optical powers of all the signal lights in the transmission optical fiber according to the splitting ratio of the first light splitting device 1221 a. The splitting ratio of the first light splitting device 1221a may be 99:1 or 99:3, and may be set according to actual needs, which is not limited in this application.
The control device 122 further includes a gain detection unit 1222. The gain detection unit 1222 is used to obtain the noise power of out-of-band ASE noise. The control unit 123 is further configured to determine whether the raman average gain of each sub-band reaches a target raman average gain and/or whether the raman gain slope of each sub-band reaches a target raman gain slope according to the noise power of the out-of-band ASE noise. The determination of the control unit 123 is referred to the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be described in detail here.
The gain detection unit 1222 is connected to the transmission fiber 110 through a second light splitting device 1222a, and the second light splitting device 1222a is used to split a small portion of the signal light from the transmission fiber 110, and the small portion of the signal light is used for monitoring. The gain detection unit 1222 includes two wavelength selectors 12221 and 2 photoelectric conversion devices 12222, and two branching devices 12221 are used to branch out-of-band ASE noise from a small portion of the signal light branched out by the first branching device 1221 a. One wavelength selector 12221 is used to drop out short band out-of-band ASE noise and the other wavelength selector 12221 is used to drop out long band ASE noise. And then photoelectric conversion is performed by a corresponding photoelectric conversion device 12222 to obtain noise power of short-band out-of-band ASE noise and long-band out-of-band ASE noise. The control unit 1223 may obtain the overall out-of-band ASE noise power according to the splitting ratio of the second splitting device 1222 a. The splitting ratio of the second light splitting device 1222a may be 99:1 or 99:3, and may be set according to actual needs, which is not limited in this application.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first optical splitter 1221a may be a coupler (coupler) or a WDM device, or the like. The second optical splitter 1221a may be a coupler (coupler) or a WDM device, or the like. The photoelectric conversion device may be a Photodetector (PD) or the like.
The embodiment of the application also provides an optical communication system, which is also called an optical transmission system. The optical communication system comprises a first station and a second station, wherein the first station and the second station are connected through an OMS span. The HOA is arranged in the OMS span.
In the embodiment of the present application, any one of the following stations may be adopted for both the first station and the second station: optical termination multiplexers (optical terminal multiplexer, OTM), optical amplification (optical link amplifier, OLA) stations, and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADM), etc. The types of the first station and the second station are not limited, so long as the HOA is arranged on the OMS span between the first station and the second station.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of simulation results. In fig. 5, the abscissa represents the stride, i.e., the stride loss of each stride; the ordinate represents the received OSNR value for the system worst sub-band for the last receiving station after 20 span concatenation.
Line a represents the relationship between the received OSNR and the span obtained by controlling the gain spectrum of HOA according to the method in the related art. Line B shows the relationship between the received OSNR and the span obtained by controlling the gain spectrum of HOA according to the method shown in fig. 2. The related art method is equal to the distributed raman amplifier in the method shown in fig. 2 in the raman average gain and the lumped raman amplifier average gain, and the method shown in fig. 2 determines the target overall gain distribution information by traversing multiple sets of overall gain distribution information.
As can be seen from fig. 5, when the span loss of each span is between 26 dB and 30dB, the received OSNR corresponding to line B is 0.7dB greater than the received OSNR corresponding to line a, which can significantly improve the transmission performance of the worst sub-band of the optical communication system.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a gain parameter determining apparatus of an optical amplifier according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The apparatus may be implemented as part or all of an apparatus by software, hardware, or a combination of both. The apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement the flow of fig. 2 in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 6, the apparatus 500 includes: an information acquisition module 501, a parameter acquisition module 502, and a gain determination module 503. The information obtaining module 501 is configured to obtain first overall gain distribution information of the HOA, where an operating band of the HOA includes N sub-bands, and the first overall gain distribution information includes: a first raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a first lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N subbands. The parameter obtaining module 502 is configured to obtain a first transmission performance parameter set, where the first transmission performance parameter set includes N first transmission performance parameters corresponding to the N sub-bands, and the first transmission performance parameter is used to indicate transmission performance of signal light of a corresponding sub-band when the HOA amplifies the signal light according to the first overall gain distribution information. The gain determining module 503 is configured to determine, according to the first overall gain distribution information and the first set of transmission performance parameters, target overall gain distribution information of the HOA, where the target overall gain distribution information includes a target raman average gain of any one of the N sub-bands in the distributed raman amplifier and a target lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier.
In one possible implementation, the first transmission performance parameter includes an OSNR margin; the parameter obtaining module 502 includes: an OSNR acquisition submodule 5021 and a parameter determination submodule 5022. The OSNR obtaining submodule 5021 is configured to obtain a received OSNR of an ith sub-band, where the received OSNR of the ith sub-band is an OSNR of signal light of the ith sub-band received by a receiving station, and the receiving station is connected to an optical multiplexing segment where the HOA is located. And a parameter determining submodule 5022, configured to determine an OSNR margin of the ith sub-band according to the received OSNR of the ith sub-band. Wherein the ith sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands.
In another possible implementation, the first transmission performance parameter comprises NF of the HOA. The parameter obtaining module 502 is configured to determine a first raman NF corresponding to an ith sub-band according to a first raman average gain of the ith sub-band; determining a first lumped NF corresponding to the ith sub-band according to the first lumped average gain of the ith sub-band; and determining the NF of the HOA corresponding to the ith sub-band according to the first Raman NF and the first lumped NF. Wherein the ith sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands.
In a possible implementation manner, the gain determining module 503 is configured to adjust, when the first set of transmission performance parameters indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of at least a part of the sub-bands does not meet the transmission performance requirement, a first raman average gain of at least a part of the sub-bands in the first overall gain distribution information until second overall gain distribution information is obtained, where the second set of transmission performance parameters corresponding to the second overall gain distribution information indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of the N sub-bands meets the transmission performance requirement; wherein the second overall gain distribution information includes: a second raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a second lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N sub-bands, the average of the N second raman average gains being equal to the average of the N first raman average gains; and taking the second overall gain distribution information as the target overall gain distribution information.
In another possible implementation manner, the gain determining module 503 is configured to take the first overall gain distribution information as the target overall gain distribution information when the first set of transmission performance parameters indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of the N sub-bands all meets the transmission performance requirement.
In yet another possible implementation manner, the information obtaining module 501 is further configured to obtain multiple sets of second global gain distribution information, where any one set of second global gain distribution information includes: a second raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a second lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N sub-bands, and an average of the N second raman average gains is equal to an average of the N first raman average gains. The parameter obtaining module 502 is further configured to obtain a plurality of second transmission performance parameter sets corresponding to the plurality of sets of second overall gain distribution information. The gain determining module 503 is configured to determine a target set of transmission performance parameters from the first set of transmission performance parameters and the plurality of second sets of transmission performance parameters, where a worst transmission performance parameter in the target set of transmission performance parameters is better than a worst transmission performance parameter in other sets of transmission performance parameters; and taking the overall gain distribution information corresponding to the target transmission performance parameter set as the target overall gain distribution information.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: and the inclination determining module 504 is configured to determine target raman gain inclinations of the N sub-bands according to at least one of a noise performance parameter and a fiber loss performance parameter of the optical amplifier.
Illustratively, the inclination determining module 504 is configured to determine the target raman gain inclination of the jth sub-band according to at least one of the first flattening value of the jth sub-band, the second flattening value of the jth sub-band, and the third flattening value of the jth sub-band; the j-th sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands, the first flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on the SRS transfer amount of the longest wave and the SRS transfer amount of the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band, the second flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on the WDL of the longest wave and the WDL of the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band, and the third flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on the corresponding sum of the longest wave and the corresponding shortest wave in the j-th sub-band.
Optionally, the distributed raman amplifier comprises a plurality of pump lasers, and the N sub-bands respectively correspond to different pump lasers in the plurality of pump lasers. The apparatus further comprises: the first control module 505 is configured to control output power of a pump laser corresponding to a third sub-band according to a target raman average gain of the third sub-band, where the third sub-band is any one of the N sub-bands.
Optionally, the HOA includes a plurality of lumped amplifiers, and the plurality of lumped amplifiers are respectively used for amplifying signal light of different sub-bands output by the distributed raman amplifier. The apparatus further comprises: and a second control module 506, configured to control output power of the pump laser corresponding to a third sub-band according to a target raman average gain of the third sub-band, where the third sub-band is any one of the N sub-bands.
It should be noted that: when the gain parameter determining device of the optical amplifier provided in the above embodiment performs gain parameter determination, only the division of the above functional modules is used for illustration, in practical application, the above functional allocation may be performed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules, so as to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the gain parameter determining device and the gain parameter determining method embodiment of the optical amplifier provided in the foregoing embodiments belong to the same concept, and detailed implementation processes of the gain parameter determining device and the gain parameter determining method embodiment are detailed in the method embodiment, and are not repeated herein.
In the embodiments of the present application, the division of the modules is schematically only one logic function division, and other division manners may be adopted in actual implementation, and in addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processor, may exist alone physically, or may be integrated into one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules.
The embodiment of the application also provides a computer device, which can be the parameter determining device in fig. 6. Fig. 7 provides an exemplary diagram of one possible architecture for a computer device 600.
As shown in fig. 6, the computer device 600 includes a memory 601, a processor 602, a communication interface 603, and a bus 604. Wherein the memory 601, the processor 602 and the communication interface 603 realize a communication connection with each other via a bus 604.
The memory 601 may be a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (random access memory, RAM). The memory 601 may store a program, and the processor 602 and the communication interface 603 are configured to execute a device access method when the program stored in the memory 601 is executed by the processor 602. The memory 601 may also store data sets, such as: a part of the storage resources in the memory 601 is divided into a data storage module for storing a plurality of sets of overall gain distribution information, a first correspondence relationship, a second correspondence relationship, and the like.
The processor 602 may employ a general purpose CPU, microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), graphics processor (graphics processing unit, GPU) or one or more integrated circuits.
The processor 602 may also be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, some or all of the functions of the signal processing apparatus of the present application may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in the processor 602 or by instructions in the form of software. The processor 602 described above may also be a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (digital signal drocessing, DSP), an ASIC, an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware components. The methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be embodied directly in hardware, in a decoded processor, or in a combination of hardware and software modules in a decoded processor. The software module may be located in the memory 601, and the processor 602 reads the information in the memory 601 and combines the hardware thereof to perform part of the functions of the parameter determining apparatus according to the embodiments of the present application.
The communication interface 603 enables communication between the computer device 600 and other devices or communication networks using a transceiver module such as, but not limited to, a transceiver. For example, a reception signal or the like can be acquired through the communication interface 603.
Bus 604 may include a path for transferring information between components of computer device 600 (e.g., memory 601, processor 602, communication interface 603).
The descriptions of the processes corresponding to the drawings have emphasis, and the descriptions of other processes may be referred to for the parts of a certain process that are not described in detail.
In an embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a computer device, cause the computer device to perform the above-provided parameter determination method.
In an embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a computer program product comprising instructions which, when run on a computer device, cause the computer device to perform the above provided parameter determination method.
In the embodiment of the application, a chip is further provided for executing the parameter determining method shown in fig. 2.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in the description and in the claims, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. Likewise, the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprising" and the like means that elements or items appearing before "comprising" are encompassed by the element or item listed after "comprising" and equivalents thereof, and that other elements or items are not excluded. "A and/or B" means that there are three cases: first, A; second, B; and third, a and B.
The foregoing description is provided for the purpose of illustration only and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (23)
1. A method of determining gain parameters of a hybrid optical amplifier, the hybrid optical amplifier comprising a cascaded distributed raman amplifier and a collective amplifier, the method comprising:
Obtaining first overall gain distribution information of the hybrid optical amplifier, wherein an operating band of the hybrid optical amplifier comprises N sub-bands, and the first overall gain distribution information comprises: a first raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a first lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N subbands, where N is greater than 1 and N is an integer;
obtaining a first transmission performance parameter set, wherein the first transmission performance parameter set comprises N first transmission performance parameters corresponding to the N sub-bands, and the first transmission performance parameters are used for indicating the transmission performance of signal light of the corresponding sub-bands when the hybrid optical amplifier amplifies the signal light according to the first integral gain distribution information;
and determining target overall gain distribution information of the hybrid optical amplifier according to the first overall gain distribution information and the first transmission performance parameter set, wherein the target overall gain distribution information comprises target Raman average gain of any one of the N sub-bands in the distributed Raman amplifier and target lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transmission performance parameter comprises an OSNR margin;
the obtaining a first set of transmission performance parameters includes:
obtaining a receiving OSNR of an ith sub-band, wherein the receiving OSNR of the ith sub-band is the OSNR of the signal light of the ith sub-band received by a receiving station, and the receiving station is connected with an optical multiplexing section where the mixed optical amplifier is positioned;
according to the received OSNR of the ith sub-band, determining an OSNR allowance of the ith sub-band;
wherein the ith sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transmission performance parameter comprises a noise figure of the hybrid optical amplifier;
the obtaining a first set of transmission performance parameters includes:
determining a first Raman noise coefficient corresponding to an ith sub-band according to a first Raman average gain of the ith sub-band;
determining a first lumped noise coefficient corresponding to the ith sub-band according to the first lumped average gain of the ith sub-band;
determining the noise coefficient of the hybrid optical amplifier corresponding to the ith sub-band according to the first Raman noise coefficient and the first lumped noise coefficient;
Wherein the ith sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said determining target overall gain profile information for the hybrid optical amplifier from the first overall gain profile information and the first set of transmission performance parameters comprises:
when the first transmission performance parameter set indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of at least part of the sub-bands does not meet the transmission performance requirement, the first Raman average gain of at least part of the sub-bands in the first overall gain distribution information is adjusted until second overall gain distribution information is obtained, and the second transmission performance parameter set corresponding to the second overall gain distribution information indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of the N sub-bands meets the transmission performance requirement; wherein the second overall gain distribution information includes: a second raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a second lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N sub-bands, the average of the N second raman average gains being equal to the average of the N first raman average gains;
Taking the second integral gain distribution information as the target integral gain distribution information;
or,
the determining the target overall gain distribution information of the hybrid optical amplifier according to the first overall gain distribution information and the first transmission performance parameter set includes:
and when the first transmission performance parameter set indicates that the transmission performance of the signal lights of the N sub-bands all meet the transmission performance requirement, the first overall gain distribution information is used as the target overall gain distribution information.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
obtaining a plurality of sets of second overall gain distribution information and a plurality of second transmission performance parameter sets corresponding to the plurality of sets of second overall gain distribution information, wherein any one set of second overall gain distribution information in the plurality of sets of second overall gain distribution information comprises: a second raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a second lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N sub-bands, and an average of the N second raman average gains is equal to an average of the N first raman average gains;
The determining the target overall gain distribution information of the hybrid optical amplifier according to the first overall gain distribution information and the first transmission performance parameter set includes:
determining a target transmission performance parameter set from the first transmission performance set and the plurality of second transmission performance parameter sets, wherein the worst transmission performance parameter in the target transmission performance parameter set is better than the worst transmission performance parameter in other transmission performance parameter sets;
and taking the overall gain distribution information corresponding to the target transmission performance parameter set as the target overall gain distribution information.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:
determining target gain gradients of the N sub-bands according to at least one of noise performance parameters and fiber loss performance parameters of the hybrid optical amplifier;
and determining the target Raman gain gradient and the target lumped gain gradient of the corresponding sub-bands according to the target gain gradient of any one of the N sub-bands.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the noise performance parameter comprises a noise figure and the fiber loss performance parameter comprises at least one of stimulated raman scattering SRS transfer amount and wavelength dependent loss;
The determining the target gain gradient of the N sub-bands according to at least one of the noise performance parameter and the fiber loss performance parameter of the hybrid optical amplifier includes:
determining a target gain gradient of a jth sub-band according to at least one of a first flat value of the jth sub-band, a second flat value of the jth sub-band and a third flat value of the jth sub-band;
the j-th sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands, a first flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on SRS transfer quantity of the longest wave and SRS transfer quantity of the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band, a second flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on wavelength correlation loss of the longest wave and wavelength correlation loss of the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band, and a third flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on noise coefficient corresponding to the longest wave and noise coefficient corresponding to the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein determining the target raman gain slope and the target lumped gain slope for the corresponding sub-band from the target gain slope for any one of the N sub-bands comprises:
Determining a Raman gain adjusting range of each sub-band according to the target Raman average gain of each sub-band in the N sub-bands;
and determining the target Raman gain gradient and the target lumped gain gradient of each sub-band according to the maximum value, the lumped gain gradient default value and the target gain gradient in the Raman gain adjusting range of each sub-band.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the distributed raman amplifier comprises a plurality of pump lasers, the N sub-bands corresponding to different ones of the plurality of pump lasers, respectively;
the method further comprises the steps of:
and controlling the output power of the pump laser corresponding to a third sub-band according to the target Raman average gain of the third sub-band, wherein the third sub-band is any one of the N sub-bands.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hybrid optical amplifier includes a plurality of the lumped amplifiers for amplifying signal lights of different sub-bands outputted from the distributed raman amplifier, respectively;
The method further comprises the steps of:
and controlling the average gain of the lumped amplifier corresponding to the fourth sub-band according to the target lumped average gain of the fourth sub-band, wherein the fourth sub-band is any one of the N sub-bands.
11. A gain parameter determining apparatus for a hybrid optical amplifier, the hybrid optical amplifier comprising a cascaded distributed raman amplifier and a collective amplifier, the apparatus comprising:
the information acquisition module is configured to obtain first overall gain distribution information of the hybrid optical amplifier, where an operating band of the hybrid optical amplifier includes N sub-bands, and the first overall gain distribution information includes: a first raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a first lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N subbands, where N is greater than 1 and N is an integer;
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring a first transmission performance parameter set, wherein the first transmission performance parameter set comprises N first transmission performance parameters corresponding to the N sub-bands, and the first transmission performance parameters are used for indicating the transmission performance of the signal light of the corresponding sub-bands when the signal light is amplified by the hybrid optical amplifier according to the first integral gain distribution information;
And the gain determining module is used for determining target overall gain distribution information of the hybrid optical amplifier according to the first overall gain distribution information and the first transmission performance parameter set, wherein the target overall gain distribution information comprises target Raman average gain of any one of the N sub-bands in the distributed Raman amplifier and target lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first transmission performance parameter comprises an OSNR margin;
the parameter acquisition module comprises:
the optical signal to noise ratio acquisition sub-module is used for acquiring the received OSNR of the ith sub-band, wherein the received OSNR of the ith sub-band is the OSNR of the signal light of the ith sub-band received by a receiving station, and the receiving station is connected with an optical multiplexing section where the mixed optical amplifier is positioned;
a parameter determining submodule, configured to determine an OSNR margin of the ith subband according to the received OSNR of the ith subband;
wherein the ith sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first transmission performance parameter comprises a noise figure of the hybrid optical amplifier;
The parameter acquisition module is used for determining a first Raman noise coefficient corresponding to an ith sub-band according to a first Raman average gain of the ith sub-band; determining a first lumped noise coefficient corresponding to the ith sub-band according to the first lumped average gain of the ith sub-band; determining the noise coefficient of the hybrid optical amplifier corresponding to the ith sub-band according to the first Raman noise coefficient and the first lumped noise coefficient;
wherein the ith sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands.
14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the gain determining module is configured to, when the first set of transmission performance parameters indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of at least a part of the sub-bands does not meet the transmission performance requirement, adjust a first raman average gain of at least a part of the sub-bands in the first overall gain distribution information until second overall gain distribution information is obtained, where the second set of transmission performance parameters corresponding to the second overall gain distribution information indicates that the transmission performance of the signal light of the N sub-bands meets the transmission performance requirement; wherein the second overall gain distribution information includes: a second raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a second lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N sub-bands, the average of the N second raman average gains being equal to the average of the N first raman average gains; and taking the second overall gain distribution information as the target overall gain distribution information;
Or the gain determining module is configured to take the first overall gain distribution information as the target overall gain distribution information when the first transmission performance parameter set indicates that the transmission performance of the signal lights in the N sub-bands all meet the transmission performance requirement.
15. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the information obtaining module is further configured to obtain a plurality of sets of second overall gain distribution information, and wherein any one of the plurality of sets of second overall gain distribution information includes: a second raman average gain in the distributed raman amplifier and a second lumped average gain in the lumped amplifier for any one of the N sub-bands, and an average of the N second raman average gains is equal to an average of the N first raman average gains;
the parameter acquisition module is further configured to acquire a plurality of second transmission performance parameter sets corresponding to the plurality of sets of second overall gain distribution information;
the gain determining module is configured to determine a target transmission performance parameter set from the first transmission performance set and the plurality of second transmission performance parameter sets, where a worst transmission performance parameter in the target transmission performance parameter set is better than a worst transmission performance parameter in other transmission performance parameter sets; and taking the overall gain distribution information corresponding to the target transmission performance parameter set as the target overall gain distribution information.
16. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 15, further comprising:
the gradient determining module is used for determining target gain gradients of the N sub-bands according to at least one of noise performance parameters and fiber loss performance parameters of the hybrid optical amplifier; and determining the target Raman gain gradient and the target lumped gain gradient of the corresponding sub-bands according to the target gain gradient of any one of the N sub-bands.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the noise performance parameter comprises a noise figure and the fiber loss performance parameter comprises at least one of stimulated raman scattering SRS transfer amount and wavelength dependent loss;
the inclination determining module is configured to determine a target gain inclination of a jth sub-band according to at least one of a first flattening value of the jth sub-band, a second flattening value of the jth sub-band, and a third flattening value of the jth sub-band;
the j-th sub-band belongs to the N sub-bands, a first flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on SRS transfer quantity of the longest wave and SRS transfer quantity of the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band, a second flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on wavelength correlation loss of the longest wave and wavelength correlation loss of the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band, and a third flat value of the j-th sub-band is obtained based on noise coefficient corresponding to the longest wave and noise coefficient corresponding to the shortest wave in the j-th sub-band.
18. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the inclination determining module is configured to determine the raman gain adjustment range of each of the N sub-bands according to the target raman average gain of each sub-band; and determining the target Raman gain gradient and the target lumped gain gradient of each sub-band according to the maximum value, the lumped gain gradient default value and the target gain gradient in the Raman gain adjusting range of each sub-band.
19. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the distributed raman amplifier comprises a plurality of pump lasers, the N sub-bands corresponding to different ones of the plurality of pump lasers, respectively;
the apparatus further comprises:
the first control module is used for controlling the output power of the pump laser corresponding to a third sub-band according to the target Raman average gain of the third sub-band, and the third sub-band is any one of the N sub-bands.
20. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the hybrid optical amplifier includes a plurality of the lumped amplifiers for amplifying signal lights of different sub-bands outputted from the distributed raman amplifier, respectively;
The apparatus further comprises:
and the second control module is used for controlling the output power of the pump laser corresponding to a third sub-band according to the target Raman average gain of the third sub-band, wherein the third sub-band is any one of the N sub-bands.
21. A computer device, the computer device comprising a processor and a memory; the memory is used for storing a software program, and the processor is used for enabling the computer device to realize the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 by executing the software program stored in the memory.
22. A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when executed by a computer device, cause the computer device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10.
23. A hybrid optical amplifier comprising a cascaded distributed raman amplifier and lumped amplifier, characterized in that the hybrid optical amplifier further comprises control means connected to the distributed raman amplifier and the lumped amplifier, the control means being adapted to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10.
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