CN117747183A - Communication cable and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Communication cable and method for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN117747183A CN117747183A CN202311760988.7A CN202311760988A CN117747183A CN 117747183 A CN117747183 A CN 117747183A CN 202311760988 A CN202311760988 A CN 202311760988A CN 117747183 A CN117747183 A CN 117747183A
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- tape
- shield
- communication cable
- cores
- shielding
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
- H01B11/08—Screens specially adapted for reducing cross-talk
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
- H01B11/10—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources
- H01B11/1016—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources composed of a longitudinal lapped tape-conductor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
- H01B13/26—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers by winding, braiding or longitudinal lapping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
- H01B11/10—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a communication cable and a manufacturing method thereof, which realizes the improvement of transmission characteristics when transmitting high-speed signals. The communication cable of the present invention includes a plurality of tape shield cores and a metal shield layer, the tape shield core includes: a core wire having insulators covering the circumferences of the one or more conductors respectively or collectively; and a shield tape which is wound longitudinally so as to cover the periphery of the core wire, wherein the metal shield layer covers the periphery of an aggregate formed by twisting a plurality of tape shield core wires, the shield tape has an overlapping portion formed by winding longitudinally, and the plurality of tape shield core wires are arranged so that the overlapping portions face the metal shield layer in the radial direction, and the winding end side end is one end in the width direction of the shield tape and is located outside the longitudinal winding, and the winding end side end is located outside the radial direction of the communication cable.
Description
The invention is a divisional application of China invention application with the application number of 202010437006.0, the application date of 2020, 5 and 21 days and the invention name of 'communication cable and manufacturing method'.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a communication cable such as a LAN cable and a method for manufacturing the same.
Background
Conventionally, as a communication cable, a communication cable is known in which a plurality of shielded cores in which a shield tape is spirally wound around a twisted pair are twisted, and a sheath is provided so as to collectively cover the surroundings thereof. As the shielding tape, a shielding tape having a metal layer formed on one surface of a resin layer is used.
In recent years, communication speeds have been increased, and for example, in LAN (Local Area Network: local area network) cables, there has been a demand for application to communication cables of class 7A, class 8, and the like in accordance with class 7 or more of ISO/IEC 11801. However, in the communication cable described above, since crosstalk occurs by a current flowing through an end portion of the metal layer of the shielding tape wound in a spiral shape, particularly in the case of a high-speed signal, transmission characteristics such as a crosstalk attenuation amount deteriorate, and it is difficult to satisfy the above-described criteria. Accordingly, a structure is proposed in which a shield tape is longitudinally wound in a tape shield core.
Patent document 1 is a prior art document related to the present invention.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: U.S. patent No. 2015/0096783 specification
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
However, sufficient transmission characteristics may not be obtained by merely winding the shielding tape in the longitudinal direction.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a communication cable and a method for manufacturing the same, which realize improvement in transmission characteristics when transmitting a high-speed signal.
Means for solving the problems
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a communication cable including a plurality of tape-shielded cores each having a core and a shield tape wound longitudinally around the core, the core including insulators each covering or collectively covering the periphery of one or more conductors, the plurality of tape-shielded cores being arranged such that winding end side ends, which are one end in a width direction of the shield tape and are located outside in a longitudinal winding, are located radially outward of the communication cable than a center position of the core.
Further, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a communication cable including a plurality of shielded wires each including a wire and a shield tape wound around the wire in a longitudinal direction, the wire including insulators each covering or collectively covering a periphery of one or more conductors, the method including forming an aggregate by rotating a plurality of shielded wires led out from the plurality of molds in a circumferential direction, the molds including a pair of guide grooves for guiding both ends of the shield tape in a width direction, the molds being configured to: the shielding tape is formed by winding the shielding tape around the core wire in the longitudinal direction by deforming the shielding tape into a cylindrical shape by the guide grooves at both ends in the width direction of the shielding tape, and when the assembly is formed by adjusting the mounting angles of the plurality of molds, the winding end side end of the plurality of shielding tape cores, which is one end of the plurality of shielding tape cores in the width direction and is located outside the longitudinal winding, is arranged further toward the radial direction of the communication cable than the center position of the core wire.
Effects of the invention
According to the present invention, a communication cable and a method of manufacturing the same can be provided that achieve improved transmission characteristics when transmitting high-speed signals.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a communication cable according to an embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section of the communication cable perpendicular to a longitudinal direction, and (b) is a perspective view showing an end portion thereof.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a shielding tape.
Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a crosstalk direction of the tape shield core.
Fig. 4 (a) is a schematic configuration diagram of a twisting device used in manufacturing a communication cable, (b) is a schematic diagram of a tape winding portion thereof, and (c) is a perspective view of a mold showing the tape winding portion.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of the mold.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the near-end crosstalk attenuation characteristics of the communication cable of the embodiment.
Fig. 7 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section of the communication cable of the comparative example perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and (b) is a graph showing the near-end crosstalk attenuation characteristic.
Symbol description
1 … communication cable, 2 … core wire, 21 … conductor, 22 … insulator, 221 … foamed layer, 222 … non-foamed layer, 23 … insulated wire, 3 … shielding tape, 3a … winding end side end, 31 … resin layer, 32 … metal layer, 4 … tape shielding core wire, 5 … aggregate, 6 … metal shielding layer, 7 … jacket.
Detailed Description
Embodiment(s)
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a communication cable according to the present embodiment, (a) is a sectional view showing a section of the communication cable perpendicular to a longitudinal direction, and (b) is a perspective view showing an end portion thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 (a) and (b), the communication cable 1 includes: a plurality of core wires 2 each having one or more conductors 21 and an insulator 22 covering or covering the periphery of the conductors 21; a shield tape 3 longitudinally wound around the core wire 2; a metal shield layer 6 that collectively covers the aggregate 5 formed by twisting the plurality of tape-shielded core wires 4, which are formed by covering the core wires 2 with the shield tape 3; and a sheath 7 covering the circumference of the metal shielding layer 6.
The communication cable 1 is used as, for example, a LAN cable for railway vehicles, a LAN cable for transmitting and receiving large-capacity data in a data center or the like, or the like.
In the present embodiment, the core wire 2 has a pair of insulated wires 23 formed by coating 1 conductor (twisted conductor formed by twisting a plurality of metal wires 21 a) 21 with an insulator 22, and is formed by twisted pairs formed by twisting the pair of insulated wires 23. However, the core wire 2 is not limited to this, and may be a double-core one-time-coated structure in which a pair of conductors 21 arranged in parallel are collectively coated with an insulator 22, or may have only 1 insulated wire 23.
The conductor 21 is constituted by a stranded conductor formed by stranding a plurality of metal wires 21 a. As the metal wire 21a, a annealed copper wire made of pure copper or a metal wire obtained by plating a annealed copper wire made of pure copper with a metal such as tin or silver can be used. The conductor 21 may be formed of a single wire conductor, but is not limited thereto.
The insulator 22 includes a foamed layer 221 made of a foamed resin covering the periphery of the conductor 21, and a non-foamed layer 222 made of a non-foamed resin covering the periphery of the foamed layer 221. As the foaming resin constituting the foaming layer 221, for example, foamed polyethylene is used. As the non-foaming resin constituting the non-foaming layer 222, for example, non-foaming polyethylene can be used. The insulator 22 is not limited to this, and may be made of a material having a relative dielectric constant of 2.5 or less, for example, a fluororesin such as FEP (tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer).
As shown in fig. 2, the shield tape 3 has a resin layer 31 and a metal layer 32 formed on one face of the resin layer 31. In the present embodiment, the resin layer 31 is made of, for example, polyester such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate). The metal layer 32 is made of lightweight and low-cost aluminum. The shield tape 3 is wound around the metal layer 32 in the longitudinal direction so as to cover the respective circumferences of the plurality of core wires 2. Details of the winding method of the shielding tape 3 and the like will be described later.
The tape shield core 4 is formed by winding a shield tape 3 around the core 2 in the longitudinal direction. Here, the case where 4 tape shield cores 4 are used will be described, but the number of tape shield cores 4 is not limited thereto. In the present embodiment, 4 core wires 2, that is, 4 twisted pairs are used, but the twisting pitches of the 4 twisted pairs are preferably different from each other. This can suppress the crosstalk attenuation.
The 4 tape shield cores 4 are twisted with each other to form an aggregate 5. The aggregate 5 is twisted at a relatively long twisting pitch, and the twisting pitch is 70mm to 140 mm. By setting the lay pitch of the aggregate 5 to 70mm or more, the electrical length of the communication cable 1 can be shortened to shorten the propagation delay time, and the core wires 2 can be suppressed from being fastened to collapse the foam layer 221, so that deterioration of the transmission characteristics can be suppressed. Further, as described in detail later, in the present embodiment, since each of the tape shield cores 4 is twisted in accordance with the twisting of the aggregate 5, if the twisting pitch of the aggregate 5 is short, wrinkles or the like may occur in the shield tape 3, and thus the transmission characteristics may be deteriorated, but by setting the twisting pitch of the aggregate 5 to 70mm or more, the occurrence of wrinkles in the shield tape 3 may be suppressed, and the deterioration of the transmission characteristics may be suppressed. Further, by setting the lay pitch of the aggregate 5 to 140mm or less, concentration of load on one tape shield core 4 at the time of bending the communication cable 1 or the like can be suppressed, and deterioration of transmission characteristics and shortening of cable life can be suppressed. Further, the twisting can easily maintain the orientation and the relative positional relationship of the belt shield cores 4, and can maintain the positional relationship between the winding end side ends 3a described later.
By setting the lay pitch of the aggregate 5 to 70mm or more and 140mm or less in this way, it is possible to suppress the stress on the tape shield core 4, suppress the collapse of the foam layer 221, and the occurrence of wrinkles in the shield tape 3, suppress the deterioration of the transmission characteristics due to bending, and maintain the orientation and position of the winding end side end portion 3a (described later) of the shield tape 3 of the tape shield core 4. The twisted pitch of the twisted pair used as the core wire 2 is, for example, 14mm to 20 mm. The twisting pitch of the aggregate 5 is 4 times or more the twisting pitch of the twisted pair used as the core wire 2.
The metal shielding layer 6 is formed so as to cover the periphery of the aggregate 5. The metal shield 6 is electrically connected to the metal layer 32 of the shield tape 3 in each tape shield core 4 so as to have the same potential.
In the present embodiment, the metal shielding layer 6 is constituted by a braided shield formed by braiding metal wires. The metal shielding layer 6 is difficult to fasten a member (in this case, the aggregate 5) located radially inward of the metal shielding layer 6, compared to, for example, a transversely wound shield in which metal wires are arranged in a spiral shape. In the present embodiment, the inner diameter of the metal shielding layer 6 is appropriately adjusted, so that the aggregate 5 is not fastened. Thus, even when the insulator 22 includes the foam layer 221, occurrence of breakdown of the foam layer 221 can be suppressed, and deterioration of the transmission characteristics can be suppressed. In addition, the tape shield core 4 can move relatively freely within the metal shield 6, and the communication cable 1 is easily bent. Further, since a gap, that is, an air layer having a low relative dielectric constant is maintained between the belt shielding cores 4, the attenuation amount can be further suppressed. Although not shown in fig. 1 (a), the shield tape 3 does not actually enter the gap between the tape shield cores 4, and the cross-sectional shape of the shield tape 3 does not become a circular shape.
In the present embodiment, the sheath 7 is made of polyolefin. As the sheath 7, a sheath made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or a fluororesin may be used. In the case where flame retardancy is required, it is effective to use a sheath made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as the sheath 7. In addition, a metal hydroxide such as aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide as a flame retardant may be added to the sheath 7 in an amount of 100 parts by mass to 250 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the base resin. Further, an acid-modified polyolefin or the like may be added to the sheath 7. In order to not fasten the aggregate 5, the sheath 7 may be formed by tube extrusion. The outer diameter of the sheath 7, i.e. the outer diameter of the communication cable 1, is for example 8.8mm.
(details of the method of winding the shielding tape 3, etc.)
As a result of the study by the present inventors, when the shield tape 3 is spirally wound around the core wire 2 (twisted pair), the resin layer 31 is periodically arranged in the cable longitudinal direction, and thus crosstalk occurs from the resin layer 31 in all directions in the circumferential direction when a high-speed signal is transmitted. On the other hand, in the case of longitudinally winding the shield tape 3 as in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, it was found that crosstalk occurs from one end portion in the width direction of the shield tape 3 and the end portion on the outer side of the longitudinal winding (hereinafter, referred to as the winding end side end portion 3 a) at the time of transmitting a high-speed signal. Accordingly, the winding end portions 3a of the shield tapes 3 in the respective tape shield cores 4 are sufficiently separated from each other, whereby the crosstalk attenuation can be suppressed.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the plurality of tape shield cores 4 are arranged so that the winding end side end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 is radially outward of the center position (center axis) of the core wire 2. That is, as shown in fig. 1 (a), each of the tape shield cores 4 is disposed so that the winding end side end portion 3a is disposed further outside than the circle a passing through the center positions of the 4 cores 2. As a result, the winding end side end portions 3a, which are crosstalk occurrence positions, can be separated from each other, and the amount of crosstalk attenuation can be suppressed, thereby improving the transmission characteristics, as compared with the case where the winding end side end portions 3a are disposed radially inward of the center position (circle a) of the core wire 2 in each of the tape shield core wires 4. In addition, when actually manufacturing the communication cable 1, the positional displacement of each core wire 2 is also considered. In this case, in a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the winding end side end portion 3a may be disposed further outside than a perfect circle centered on the center position (cable center) of the communication cable 1 and passing through the center position of the core wire 2 closest to the cable center among the 4 core wires 2.
In order to further suppress the amount of crosstalk attenuation, the winding end side end portion 3a is more preferably arranged further radially outward, and the band shield cores 4 are more preferably arranged such that the winding end side end portion 3a is further radially outward than the core 2. That is, the shield tapes 3 are wound around the tape shield cores 4 such that the winding end side end portions 3a are positioned radially outward of the cores 2 (radially outward of the communication cable 1). In the present embodiment, the tape shield cores 4 are arranged such that the winding end side end portion 3a of each shield tape 3 is radially outward of the circle B circumscribing the 4 cores 2. In addition, when actually manufacturing the communication cable 1, the positional displacement of each core wire 2 is also considered. In this case, in a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the winding end side end portion 3a may be disposed further outside than a perfect circle centered on the center position (cable center) of the communication cable 1 and circumscribed by the core wire 2 closest to the cable center among the 4 core wires 2.
The winding end portions 3a of the shield tapes 3 of the respective tape shield cores 4 may be spaced apart from each other by 2.5mm or more. This is because if the distance between the winding end side ends 3a of the shield tapes 3 of the respective tape shield cores 4 (the straight line distance in the sectional view perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is smaller than 2.5mm, the crosstalk attenuation amount becomes large, and there is a possibility that the transmission characteristics are deteriorated.
In the present embodiment, the plurality of tape shield cores 4 are arranged such that the winding end side end portions 3a of the shield tape 3 face the gaps C formed between the tape shield cores 4 and the metal shield layer 6 adjacent in the circumferential direction. In the communication cable 1, since 4 tape shield cores 4 are arranged in the circumferential direction, there are 4 gaps C, but the winding end side end portions 3a of the shield tapes 3 of the respective tape shield cores 4 are arranged so as to face the different gaps C, respectively.
In addition, not limited to this, the winding end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 of each tape shield core 4 may face the metal shield layer 6. Further, from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of crosstalk attenuation, it is more preferable that the winding end side end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 of each of the tape shield cores 4 not face the winding end side end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 of the other tape shield core 4 (the winding end side end portion 3a does not face the winding end side end portion 3a side of the shield tape 3 of the other tape shield core 4). In the present embodiment, the winding end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 of each of the tape shield cores 4 is directed toward the metal shield layer 6 side located between the adjacent tape shield cores 4.
The winding end portions 3a of the shield tapes 3 of the respective tape shield cores 4 are preferably spaced apart as much as possible, and are preferably arranged at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction. In other words, the winding end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 of each tape shield core 4 is preferably disposed at a position rotationally symmetrical by approximately 90 degrees with respect to the center of the cable.
The respective tape shield cores 4 are twisted in accordance with the twisting of the aggregate 5, and the relative positional relationship of the winding end side end portions 3a of the shield tapes 3 of the respective tape shield cores 4 becomes a substantially constant relationship irrespective of the position in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, when the aggregate 5 is visually inspected in a state where the sheath 7 and the metal shielding layer 6 are removed, the winding end side end portions 3a of the 4 tape shielding cores 4 are exposed to the outside. That is, each of the tape shield cores 4 is disposed such that the winding end portion 3a thereof is a position visible from the outside.
It is preferable that the winding direction of the shield tape 3 of each of the plurality of tape shield cores 4 is the same direction. This is because, since crosstalk enters the core wire 2 from the winding end side end portion 3a, if the tape shield core wire 4 in which the winding direction of the shield tape 3 is the reverse direction is included, the winding end side end portions 3a of the shield tape 3 of the tape shield core wires 4 adjacent in the circumferential direction face each other in the circumferential direction, and there is a possibility that the amount of crosstalk attenuation becomes large. The winding direction of the shield tape 3 is a direction in which the shield tape 3 rotates around the core wire 2 from an end portion opposite to the winding end portion 3a in the width direction of the shield tape 3 to the winding end portion 3a when viewed from one end portion of the tape shield core wire 4.
The shield tape 3 is wound around the core wire 2 so that the circumference of the core wire 2 is 1.3 to 1.5 weeks. If the winding of the shield tape 3 is insufficient for 1.3 weeks around the core wire 2, the overlapping portion length becomes too short, and the overlapping portion may open for some reason, and crosstalk may increase. Further, the shield tape 3 is wound around the core wire 2 in the longitudinal direction over 1.5 weeks, which makes it difficult to manufacture, and the cost increases, and the communication cable 1 becomes heavy. In addition, when the shield tape 3 is wound around the core wire 2 for 1.3 weeks, the overlapping portion length is about 23% of the width of the shield tape 3. Further, when the shield tape 3 is wound around the core wire 2 for 1.5 weeks, the overlapping portion length is about 33% of the width of the shield tape 3. Accordingly, the overlapping portion length of the shielding tape 3 may be 23% to 33% of the width of the shielding tape 3. In the present embodiment, the plurality of tape shield cores 4 are arranged so that the overlapping portions where the shield tapes 3 overlap (portions where the shield tapes 3 are double-layered) and the metal shield layer 6 face each other in the radial direction. That is, the overlapping portion of the shield tape 3 with the shield core 4 is located on the metal shield 6 side rather than the center side of the communication cable 1.
Further, the thickness of the metal layer 32 of the shield tape 3 may be 30 μm or more. This is because if the thickness of the metal layer 32 is less than 30 μm, there is a possibility that the metal layer may be broken at the time of manufacture, and in addition, the shape of the shield tape 3 may not be maintained in a state where the core wire 2 is wound (the winding end side end portion 3a may be opened after winding). In the present embodiment, the thickness of the metal layer 32 is 38 μm, and the thickness of the resin layer 31 is 12 μm.
(method for manufacturing communication Cable 1)
In manufacturing the communication cable 1, first, the insulating wire 23 is formed by simultaneously coating the foamed layer 221 and the non-foamed layer 222 around the conductor 21. Thereafter, the assembly 5 is formed using the twisting device 40 shown in fig. 4 (a). Specifically, a pair of drums 41 around which the insulated wires 23 are wound are provided in the output section 42, and the insulated wires 23 are output from the two drums 41 while rotating the pair of drums 41, thereby forming the core wire 2 made of twisted pair wires. Here, 4 output units 42 are provided. The 4 core wires 2 output from the 4 output units 42 are led to the winding unit 43.
As shown in fig. 4 (b), in the winding section 43, the shield tape 3 output from the spool 43a is fed to the die 44 together with the core wire 2 output from the output section 42 while tension is applied thereto via the plurality of rollers 43 b. In fig. 4 (b), the core wire 2 is indicated by a broken line. In fig. 4 (b), although only the paths of 1 spool 43a and 1 shielding tape 3 are representatively shown, in practice, 4 spools 43a are provided so as to correspond to 4 core wires 2, and the shielding tape 3 is fed from each spool 43a to the corresponding mold 44 via a plurality of rollers 43 b.
As shown in fig. 4 (c), the die 44 includes a cylindrical main body 441 and a tape guide 442 provided on an inlet side (an introduction side of the shield tape 3 and the core wire 2) of the main body 441. The tape guide 442 has a pair of guide grooves 442a that guide both ends of the shield tape 3 in the width direction, and the tape guide 442 is configured to: both ends of the shield tape 3 in the width direction gradually deform the shield tape 3 into a cylindrical shape by the guide grooves 442a, thereby winding the shield tape 3 around the core wire 2 in the longitudinal direction. By properly adjusting the installation angle of the tape guide 442, the entry angle of the shield tape 3 into the main body 441 can be kept constant at a desired angle, and the position of the winding end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 can be adjusted to a desired position. The mounting angle of the tape guide 442 herein refers to the mounting angle in the circumferential direction of the body portion 441.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the belt guides 442 of the respective molds 44 are arranged so as to be rotationally symmetrical by 90 degrees. In fig. 5, each mold 44 is shown by a C-C line section in fig. 4 (C). In the present embodiment, the core wire 2 is introduced into the mold 44 in a state of being opposed to the widthwise central portion of the shield tape 3. In the present embodiment, since the winding end portion 3a is disposed on the opposite side with respect to the position of the introduced shield tape 3 with the core wire 2 interposed therebetween, the installation angle of the tape guide 442 is adjusted so that the shield tape 3 is positioned inside and the core wire 2 is positioned outside. The molds 44 are arranged in close proximity and fixed by a fixing ring, not shown, in a state where the mounting angle of the tape guide 442 is appropriately adjusted.
The 4 tape-shielded cores 4 led out from the respective molds 44 are led into a cylindrical collection guide 46 to be in a bundled state (a collected state), and are sent to the winding portion 45. More specifically, the 4 tape-shielded cores 4 passing through the collecting guide 46 are rotated in the circumferential direction by the winding portion 45 to be twisted to form the aggregate 5, and the formed aggregate 5 is conveyed to the winding portion 45. Further, if 4 tape shield cores 4 are twisted without using the collecting guide 46, it is difficult to control the position of the winding end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 of each tape shield core 4, and therefore, in the present embodiment, 4 tape shield cores 4 are collected by the collecting guide 46 and then twisted to form the collection body 5. The collection guide 46 also serves to avoid the influence of the rotation of the winding portion 45 from being transmitted to the die 44.
Returning to fig. 4 (a), the winding portion 45 includes a drum 45a for winding the aggregate 5, and a rotation mechanism 45b for rotating the 4 tape-shielding cores 4 in the circumferential direction and winding the tape-shielding cores around the drum 45 a. The 4 tape shield cores 4 bundled by the collecting guide 46 of the tape winding portion 43 are rotated (twisted) in the circumferential direction by the rotating mechanism 45b, thereby forming the aggregate 5. As described above, the assembly guide 46 is used, so that the shielding tapes 3 of the respective tape shielding cores 4 can be twisted while maintaining the relative positional relationship of the winding end side end portions 3 a. The formed aggregate 5 is wound around the drum 45a by rotation of the rotation mechanism 45b.
Then, a metal shield layer 6 made of a braided shield is formed around the aggregate 5 wound around the drum 45a, and a sheath 7 is formed around the metal shield layer 6 by tube extrusion, thereby obtaining the communication cable 1.
(crosstalk attenuation characteristics of communication Cable 1)
As an example, the near-end crosstalk attenuation characteristics of the communication cable 1 according to the present embodiment were obtained by simulation. The obtained near-end crosstalk attenuation characteristics are shown in fig. 6. In fig. 6, the standard values required for category 7 LAN cables are also shown together. As shown in fig. 6, the communication cable 1 according to the embodiment is a near-end crosstalk attenuation amount having a likelihood with respect to a standard value even for a high-speed signal of 100MHz or more, and excellent crosstalk attenuation characteristics are obtained.
For comparison with the present embodiment, the near-end crosstalk attenuation characteristics of the communication cable 60 of the comparative example shown in fig. 7 (a) were obtained by simulation in the same manner as in the example. The communication cable 60 of the comparative example adopts the same configuration as the communication cable 1 of the embodiment except that the winding end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 of each tape shield core 4 is disposed on the cable center side (radially inward of the communication cable 1 than the center position of the core 2). The obtained near-end crosstalk attenuation characteristics are shown in fig. 7 (b).
As is clear from comparison between fig. 7 (b) and fig. 6, in the communication cable 60 of the comparative example, the near-end crosstalk attenuation amount increases for a high-speed signal of 100MHz or more, and the likelihood with respect to the standard value decreases although the standard value is satisfied, as compared with the communication cable 1 of the example.
(action and Effect of the embodiment)
As described above, in the communication cable 1 according to the present embodiment, the plurality of tape shield cores 4 are arranged such that the winding end side end 3a is one end in the width direction of the shield tape 3 wound in the longitudinal direction and is located outside the longitudinal winding, and the winding end side end 3a is located further toward the outside in the radial direction of the communication cable 1 than the center position of the core 2.
As a result, compared to the case where the winding end side end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 is disposed further toward the inside in the radial direction of the communication cable 1 than the center position of the core wire 2, it is possible to ensure a large distance between the winding end side end portions 3a of the shield tape 3 of the respective tape shield cores 4, and it is possible to improve transmission characteristics such as the crosstalk attenuation amount when transmitting a high-speed signal of 100MHz or more. As a result, according to the communication cable 1, the characteristics required for the LAN cable of type 7 or more (for example, type 7A, type 8) can be satisfied.
(summary of embodiments)
Next, the technical ideas grasped by the above-described embodiments will be described by referring to the symbols and the like in the embodiments. However, the symbols and the like in the following description do not limit the constituent elements in the claims to the members and the like specifically shown in the embodiments.
[1] A communication cable 1 is provided with a plurality of tape shield cores 4, wherein the tape shield cores 4 are provided with: a core wire 2 having insulators 22 covering the circumferences of the one or more conductors 21, respectively or collectively; and a shield tape 3 longitudinally wound so as to cover the circumference of the core wire 2, wherein in the communication cable 1, the plurality of tape shield cores 4 are arranged such that a winding end side end 3a is one end in the width direction of the shield tape 3 and is located outside the longitudinal winding, and the winding end side end 3a is located radially outward of the center position of the core wire 2 of the communication cable 1.
[2] The communication cable 1 according to [1], wherein the winding end side ends 3a of the shielding tapes 3 of the plurality of tape shielding cores 4 are spaced apart from each other by 2.5mm or more.
[3] The communication cable 1 according to [1] or [2], wherein a winding direction of the shielding tape 3 of each of the plurality of tape shielding cores 4 is the same.
[4] The communication cable 1 according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the plurality of tape shield cores 4 are arranged so that a winding end side end portion 3a of the shield tape 3 is located radially outward of the core 2.
[5] The communication cable 1 according to any one of [1] to [4], which is provided with a metal shield layer 6 that collectively covers the periphery of the plurality of tape shield cores 4, wherein the plurality of tape shield cores 4 are arranged such that the winding end side end portions 3a of the shield tapes 3 face the gaps C between the tape shield cores 4 and the metal shield layer 6 that are adjacent in the circumferential direction, respectively.
[6] The communication cable 1 according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein a lay pitch of the aggregate 5 is 70mm to 140 mm.
[7] The communication cable 1 according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the shield tape 3 has a resin layer 31 and a metal layer 32 formed on one surface of the resin layer 31, the metal layer 32 of the shield tape 3 is made of aluminum, and a thickness of the metal layer 32 is 30 μm or more.
[8] The communication cable 1 according to any one of [1] to [7], which includes a metal shield layer 6 covering all around the plurality of tape shield cores 4, wherein the metal shield layer 6 is a braided shield formed by braiding metal wires, and the insulator 22 of the core 2 includes a foamed layer 221 made of a foamed resin.
[9] A method for manufacturing a communication cable 1 provided with a plurality of tape shield cores 4, wherein the tape shield cores 4 are provided with: a core wire 2 having insulators 22 covering the circumferences of the one or more conductors 21, respectively or collectively; and a shielding tape 3 wound longitudinally so as to cover the circumference of the core wire 2, wherein the manufacturing method is configured such that a plurality of molds 44 are used to rotate a plurality of the tape shielding core wires 4 led out from the plurality of molds 44 together in the circumferential direction to form an aggregate 5, the molds 44 have a pair of guide grooves 442a for guiding both ends of the shielding tape 3 in the width direction, and the molds 44 are configured such that: the both end portions of the shield tape 3 in the width direction are formed by winding the shield tape 3 around the core wire 2 in the longitudinal direction by gradually deforming the shield tape 3 into a cylindrical shape through the guide grooves 442a to form the tape shield core wire 4; by adjusting the mounting angles of the plurality of molds 44, the winding end portion 3a of the plurality of tape shielding cores 4 is disposed radially outward of the communication cable 1 from the center position of the core wire 2 when the aggregate 5 is formed, and the winding end portion 3a is one end portion of the shielding tape 3 in the width direction and is located outside the longitudinal winding.
[10] The method of manufacturing a communication cable according to [9], wherein the plurality of tape shielded cores 4 guided out from the plurality of molds 44 are guided to a collection guide 46 and collected, and the plurality of tape shielded cores 4 collected by the collection guide 46 are collectively rotated in the circumferential direction, thereby forming the collection 5.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the embodiments described above do not limit the invention according to the claims. Note that all combinations of the features described in the embodiments are not necessarily essential to means for solving the problems of the invention.
The present invention can be implemented by appropriately modifying the present invention within a range not departing from the gist thereof. For example, although not mentioned in the above embodiment, in the tape shield core 4, the multilayer shield tape 3 may be wound by longitudinal winding. For example, in the case of winding the 2-layer shield tape 3, the crosstalk attenuation amount can be further suppressed by setting the winding directions of the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer to the opposite directions. In this case, the winding end-side end portion 3a of the outermost shield tape 3 may be located further radially outward of the communication cable 1 than the center position of the core wire 2.
Claims (17)
1. A communication cable is provided with a plurality of belt shielding core wires and a metal shielding layer, wherein the belt shielding core wires are provided with: a core wire having insulators covering the circumferences of the one or more conductors respectively or collectively; and a shielding tape longitudinally wound so as to cover the circumference of the core wire,
the metal shielding layer covers the periphery of an aggregate obtained by twisting the plurality of belt shielding core wires,
the shielding tape has an overlap formed by the longitudinal winding,
in the communication cable, the plurality of tape shield cores are arranged so that the overlapping portions face the metal shield layer in the radial direction, and are arranged so that a winding end side end portion, which is one end portion of the shield tape in the width direction and is located outside the longitudinal winding, is located further toward the radial direction of the communication cable than the center position of the core.
2. The communication cable according to claim 1, wherein winding end side ends of the shielding tapes of the plurality of tape shielding cores are spaced apart from each other by 2.5mm or more.
3. The communication cable according to claim 1 or 2, the winding direction of the shield tape of each of the plurality of tape shield cores being the same direction.
4. The communication cable according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of tape shield cores are arranged such that winding end-side ends of the shield tapes are radially outward of the cores, respectively.
5. The communication cable according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a metal shield layer covering all around the plurality of shielded cores,
the plurality of tape shield cores are disposed so that winding end-side end portions of the shield tape face gaps between the plurality of tape shield cores adjacent in the circumferential direction and the metal shield layer, respectively.
6. The communication cable according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a lay pitch of an aggregate formed by twisting the plurality of tape shield cores is 70mm to 140 mm.
7. The communication cable according to claim 1 or 2, said shielding tape having a resin layer and a metal layer formed on one face of the resin layer,
the metal layer of the shielding tape is composed of aluminum,
the thickness of the metal layer is 30 μm or more.
8. The communication cable according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a metal shield layer covering all around the plurality of shielded cores, wherein the metal shield layer is a braided shield formed by braiding metal wires,
the insulator of the core wire includes a foamed layer composed of a foamed resin.
9. A method for manufacturing a communication cable comprising a plurality of shielded cores, the shielded cores comprising: a core wire having insulators covering the circumferences of the one or more conductors respectively or collectively; and a shielding tape longitudinally wound so as to cover the circumference of the core wire,
the manufacturing method uses a plurality of molds to rotate a plurality of the belt shielding core wires guided out from the plurality of molds together in the circumferential direction to form an aggregate,
the mold has a pair of guide grooves that guide both ends of the shielding tape in a width direction, and is configured to: the both end portions of the shield tape in the width direction are deformed gradually into a cylindrical shape by the guide grooves, so that the shield tape is wound longitudinally around the core wire to form the tape shield core wire having the overlapping portion,
a metal shielding layer formed of a braided shield is formed around the aggregate,
the metal shield layer is disposed so that the overlapping portion and the metal shield layer are opposed to each other in the radial direction by adjusting the mounting angles of the plurality of molds, and when the aggregate is formed, a winding end side end portion of the plurality of tape shield cores, which is one end portion in the width direction of the shield tape and is located outside the longitudinal winding, is disposed further toward the radial direction of the communication cable than the center position of the core.
10. The method for manufacturing a communication cable according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of said tape-shielded cores led out from said plurality of molds are led into a collective guide to be collected,
the assembly is formed by rotating the plurality of tape shield cores assembled by the assembly guide in the circumferential direction at a time.
11. A communication cable is provided with a plurality of belt shielding core wires and a metal shielding layer, wherein the belt shielding core wires are provided with: a core wire having insulators covering the circumferences of the one or more conductors respectively or collectively; and a shielding tape longitudinally wound so as to cover the circumference of the core wire,
the metal shielding layer covers the periphery of an aggregate obtained by twisting the plurality of belt shielding core wires,
the communication cable has a plurality of gaps between the plurality of belt shielding cores and the metal shielding layer adjacent in the circumferential direction,
in the communication cable, the plurality of tape shield core wires are arranged such that winding end side end portions, which are one end portion in the width direction of the shield tape and are located outside the longitudinal winding, are located further toward the outside in the radial direction of the communication cable than the center position of the core wires, respectively, and the other end portion in the width direction of the shield tape is located inside the longitudinal winding,
the shield tape is wound so that the winding end side end of the shield tape faces a gap different from one of the gaps after facing the metal shield layer, from the other end to the winding end side end in the width direction of the shield tape.
12. The communication cable according to claim 11, wherein winding end side ends of the shielding tapes of the plurality of tape shielding cores are spaced apart from each other by 2.5mm or more.
13. The communication cable according to claim 11 or 12, the winding direction of the shield tape of each of the plurality of tape shield cores being the same direction.
14. The communication cable according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the plurality of tape shield cores are arranged such that winding end-side ends of the shield tapes are radially outward of the cores, respectively.
15. The communication cable according to claim 11 or 12, wherein a lay pitch of an aggregate formed by twisting the plurality of tape shield cores is 70mm to 140 mm.
16. The communication cable of claim 11 or 12, said shielding tape having a resin layer and a metal layer formed on one face of the resin layer,
the metal layer of the shielding tape is composed of aluminum,
the thickness of the metal layer is 30 μm or more.
17. The communication cable according to claim 11 or 12, comprising a metal shield layer covering all around the plurality of shielded cores, the metal shield layer being a braided shield formed by braiding metal wires,
the insulator of the core wire includes a foamed layer composed of a foamed resin.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019108968A JP6870705B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 | 2019-06-11 | Communication cable and its manufacturing method |
| JP2019-108968 | 2019-06-11 | ||
| CN202010437006.0A CN112071499A (en) | 2019-06-11 | 2020-05-21 | Communication cable and method for manufacturing the same |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010437006.0A Division CN112071499A (en) | 2019-06-11 | 2020-05-21 | Communication cable and method for manufacturing the same |
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| CN117747183A true CN117747183A (en) | 2024-03-22 |
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| CN202311760988.7A Pending CN117747183A (en) | 2019-06-11 | 2020-05-21 | Communication cable and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN202010437006.0A Pending CN112071499A (en) | 2019-06-11 | 2020-05-21 | Communication cable and method for manufacturing the same |
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| CN202010437006.0A Pending CN112071499A (en) | 2019-06-11 | 2020-05-21 | Communication cable and method for manufacturing the same |
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| JP (2) | JP6870705B2 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN117747183A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102020115427A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014038802A (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-02-27 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Cable for differential signal transmission and cable for multicore differential signal transmission |
| CN104810093A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-29 | 日立金属株式会社 | Cable for signal transmission |
| JP2016110960A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-20 | 日立金属株式会社 | Shielded cable and multi-pair cable |
| CN205451935U (en) * | 2015-12-26 | 2016-08-10 | 惠州乐庭电子线缆有限公司 | Shielding band cladding tool |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000328476A (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2000-11-28 | Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd | Jig for longitudinal lapping, and method for twisting wire using the same |
| JP2011222262A (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-11-04 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Shield cable |
| US20140299349A1 (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2014-10-09 | Totoku Electric Co., Ltd. | High-speed signal transmission cable |
| JP2016081824A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-16 | 日立金属株式会社 | Differential signal cable and multicore differential signal cable |
| US10170220B2 (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2019-01-01 | Hitachi Cable America, Inc. | Extended frequency range balanced twisted pair transmission line or communication cable |
-
2019
- 2019-06-11 JP JP2019108968A patent/JP6870705B2/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-05-21 CN CN202311760988.7A patent/CN117747183A/en active Pending
- 2020-05-21 CN CN202010437006.0A patent/CN112071499A/en active Pending
- 2020-06-10 DE DE102020115427.5A patent/DE102020115427A1/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014038802A (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-02-27 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Cable for differential signal transmission and cable for multicore differential signal transmission |
| CN104810093A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-29 | 日立金属株式会社 | Cable for signal transmission |
| JP2016110960A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-20 | 日立金属株式会社 | Shielded cable and multi-pair cable |
| CN205451935U (en) * | 2015-12-26 | 2016-08-10 | 惠州乐庭电子线缆有限公司 | Shielding band cladding tool |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112071499A (en) | 2020-12-11 |
| JP6941286B2 (en) | 2021-09-29 |
| JP2021103693A (en) | 2021-07-15 |
| JP6870705B2 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
| JP2020202106A (en) | 2020-12-17 |
| DE102020115427A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 |
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