CN117744413A - Solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method, equipment and medium - Google Patents
Solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method, equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method, equipment and medium, and relates to the field of solid oxide fuel cells. The method fully considers the heat generation-heat transfer characteristics of the heat and gas transmission process, establishes a pile heat exchange model of the solid oxide fuel cell, performs fine characterization on the heat generation-heat transfer characteristics of the heat and gas transmission process, establishes a dynamic heat flow model of the solid oxide fuel cell pile heat exchange according to the pile heat exchange model, further determines a state space model of the solid oxide fuel cell pile, and determines the dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell pile in real time by utilizing the state space model. The invention realizes the integral modeling and analysis of the solid oxide fuel cell stack from the system level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid oxide fuel cells, in particular to a solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method, equipment and medium.
Background
More and more renewable energy sources are connected in a grid mode, so that the problem of randomness and volatility is solved, and the stable operation of the power system is provided with a serious and urgent challenge.
The establishment of a large-scale energy storage mode is a key for coping with the randomness and fluctuation of renewable energy sources and supporting the grid connection of the renewable energy sources.
Current energy storage technologies include pumped storage, chemical battery storage, and flywheel storage. The solid oxide fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC) stores energy as an advanced energy utilization technology, and chemical energy in fuel is directly converted into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, so that the fuel has the characteristics of high efficiency, cleanness and safety.
However, the solid oxide fuel cell is a complex nonlinear system with multiple dimensions and multiple dimensions, most of the existing researches focus on a dynamic simulation model in a solid oxide fuel cell stack, and more detailed characteristics of temperature, concentration, speed, stress distribution and the like can be obtained. In the process of establishing the dynamic simulation model, the dynamic characteristics of the heat transmission process such as fuel preheating, reactor reaction and the like are ignored or simplified aiming at the self dynamic simulation and parameter analysis in the solid oxide fuel cell reactor. This way of simplifying the process does not fully take into account the refined characterization of the heat, heat-generating and heat-transfer characteristics during the transfer of the fuel gas, resulting in difficulty in overall modeling and analysis at the system level. It is therefore necessary to build a model of the dynamic coupling between the internal multiphysics and the external multipass heat transfer devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method, equipment and medium, which completely consider the heat generation-heat transfer characteristics of heat and fuel gas transmission processes and perform integral modeling and analysis of the solid oxide fuel cell stack from a system level.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following.
A solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method, the method comprising: taking the heat generation-transfer characteristics of fuel and an air supply pipe in a solid oxide fuel cell stack, the heat of the cell and the heat generation-transfer characteristics of a fuel gas transmission process into consideration, and establishing a stack heat exchange model of the solid oxide fuel cell; according to the pile heat exchange model, a dynamic heat flow model of the solid oxide fuel cell pile heat exchange is established; determining a state space model of the solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the dynamic heat flow model; determining dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell stack in real time by utilizing the state space model; the dynamic characteristics include heat exchange capacity and temperature of the fuel, the air supply pipe and the battery.
Optionally, the dynamic heat flow model includes: the first thermal potential equivalent source, the second thermal potential equivalent source, the third thermal potential equivalent source, the first thermal resistance, the second thermal resistance, the third thermal resistance, the fourth thermal resistance, the first capacitor and the second capacitor.
One end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance is connected with the positive electrode of the first thermoelectromotive force equivalent source, and the other end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance is respectively connected with one end of the second heat exchange thermal resistance and one end of the first capacitor; the other end of the first capacitor is grounded; the positive electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source is connected with the other end of the second heat exchange resistance, and the negative electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source is connected with one end of the third heat exchange resistance; the other end of the third heat exchange resistance is connected with one end of the fourth heat exchange resistance and one end of the second capacitor respectively, the other end of the fourth heat exchange resistance is connected with the positive electrode of the third thermoelectromotive force equivalent source, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.
The first thermal potential equivalent source represents the heat exchange thermal potential of the fuel in the battery, the negative electrode of the first thermal potential equivalent source represents the initial temperature of the fuel, and the connection point of the positive electrode of the first thermal potential equivalent source and one end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance represents the transient temperature of the fuel. The other end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance is connected with one end of the second heat exchange thermal resistance and one end of the first capacitor to represent the battery temperature at the same point. The second thermal potential equivalent source represents the thermal potential of air heat exchange in the battery, the connection point of the positive electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source and the other end of the second thermal resistance represents the transient temperature of the air in the battery, and the connection point of the negative electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source and one end of the third thermal resistance represents the initial temperature of the air in the battery. The joint of the other end of the third heat exchange resistance and one end of the fourth heat exchange resistance and one end of the second capacitor represents the temperature of the blast pipe. The third thermal potential equivalent source represents the heat exchange thermal potential of air at the inlet of the air supply pipe, the connection point of the positive electrode of the third thermal potential equivalent source and the other end of the fourth heat exchange thermal resistance represents the transient temperature of the air in the air supply pipe, and the negative electrode of the third thermal potential equivalent source represents the initial temperature of the air in the air supply pipe. The first heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the fuel and the battery, the second heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the air and the battery, the third heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the air outside the air supply pipe, and the fourth heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the air inside the air supply pipe.
Optionally, the state space model is:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein dx/dt=f (x, u, t) represents a state equation, x is a state variable, u is an input vector, t is a time vector, and f represents a state function; y=g (x, u, t) represents the output equation, y is the output variable, and g represents the output function.
Optionally, the process of establishing the state equation includes the following sub-steps.
The construction of the input vector is as follows: u= [ G ] air ,G aircell ,G fuel ] T The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein G is air G is the heat capacity flow of air in the air supply pipe aircell G is the flow of air heat capacity in the battery fuel For the flow of heat capacity of the fuel,，c p,air c is the specific heat capacity of air in the air supply pipe p,aircell C is the specific heat capacity of air in the battery p,fuel For specific heat capacity of fuel, m air For mass flow of air in the blast pipe, m aircell For mass flow of air in the cell, m fuel Is the mass flow of fuel.
The construction state variables are: x= [ T ] ast ,T cell ] T The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein T is ast T is the temperature of the blast pipe cell Is the battery temperature.
According to the input vector, the state variable and the dynamic heat flow model, the state equation is established as follows:
. The dx/dt is used for evaluating the heat storage capacity of the heat exchange working medium and the heat exchange surface of the electric pile; c (C) AST C is the heat capacity of the blast pipe cell For battery heat capacity, Q chem For the release of useful work for chemical reactions, Q rad For radiant heat transfer between battery and tube, Q elec T is the output electric power of the fuel cell air,o T is the initial temperature of the air in the air supply pipe air,i T is the transient temperature of the air in the air supply pipe aircell,o T is the initial temperature of the air in the battery aircell,i T is the transient temperature of the air in the battery fuel,o T is the initial temperature of the fuel fuel,i R is the transient temperature of the fuel con,air R is the heat exchange resistance of air and a battery con,fuel R is heat exchange resistance of fuel and battery AST,inner R is heat exchange resistance of air in the blast pipe AST,outer The heat exchange resistance of the air outside the blast pipe is realized.
. Wherein k is aircell Is the heat transfer coefficient, k, of the air in the battery fuel Is the heat transfer coefficient, k of the fuel air Is the heat transfer coefficient of the blast pipe, A aircell A is the heat transfer area of the air in the battery fuel Is the heat transfer area of the fuel, A air Is the heat transfer area of the blast pipe;
simplifying the state equation into: dx/dt=f (x, u, t).
Optionally, the establishing process of the output equation includes: the construction output vector is: y= [ Q ] con,air ,Q con,fuel ,Q AST,inner ,Q AST,outer ] T The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Q is con,air For heat exchange of air and battery, Q con,fuel For exchanging heat between fuel and battery, Q AST,inner Heat exchange of air in the air supply pipe is carried out, Q AST,outer Heat exchange is carried out on the air outside the air supply pipe; according to the output vector, an output equation is established as follows: y=cx+d; wherein,
D=[T aircell,i /R con,air , T fuel,i /R con,fuel , T air,i /R AST,inner , T aircell,o /R AST,outer ] T c represents a coefficient vector, D represents a constant term vector; the output equation is reduced to: y=g (x, u, t).
Optionally, determining the dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell stack in real time by using the state space model further comprises: and comparing the dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell determined in real time with the dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell stack physical model, and correcting the state space model according to the comparison result.
A computer device, comprising: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the computer program to perform the steps of the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method described above.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method described above.
According to the specific embodiments provided by the invention, the following technical effects are disclosed.
The equivalent heat exchange method, equipment and medium of the solid oxide fuel cell stack fully consider the heat generation and heat transfer characteristics of the heat and gas transmission process, establish a heat exchange model of the solid oxide fuel cell stack, perform fine characterization on the heat generation and heat transfer characteristics of the heat and gas transmission process, establish a dynamic heat flow model of the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange according to the heat exchange model of the stack, further determine a state space model of the solid oxide fuel cell, and utilize the state space model to determine the dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell stack in real time, thereby realizing the overall modeling and analysis of the solid oxide fuel cell stack from the system level.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an equivalent heat exchange method of a solid oxide fuel cell stack according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a physical model of a solid oxide fuel cell system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange model of a solid oxide fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic heat flow model for heat exchange of a solid oxide fuel cell stack according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an internal structural view of the computer device.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1.
As shown in fig. 1, a solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method in this embodiment includes the following steps.
Step 1: and (3) establishing a pile heat exchange model of the solid oxide fuel cell by considering the heat generation-heat transfer characteristics of fuel and an air supply pipe in the pile of the solid oxide fuel cell, the heat of the cell and the heat generation-heat transfer characteristics of the fuel gas in the transmission process.
Fig. 2 shows a solid oxide fuel cell system physical model. The solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange module is segmented, and the heat exchange surface is combined with the heat exchange links of air and fuel to establish the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange module shown in fig. 3 so as to establish an energy flow model for the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange module. Q in FIG. 3 gen The amount of heat released in the chemical reaction in the cell is expressed in J.
Step 2: and establishing a dynamic heat flow model of the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange according to the stack heat exchange model.
Simplifying each segmented heat exchange part model into a linear dynamic heat flow model; when evaluating the heat storage performance and the air and fuel heat exchange capability of the solid oxide fuel cell, the heat exchange fluid in the electric pile, the air supply pipe and the energy stored on the heat exchange wall of the cell play a crucial role in the process, so that the electric pile heat exchange model can be subjected to the following assumption.
1) The content, flow and temperature of the gas-filled working medium in the solid oxide fuel cell stack are kept unchanged in a short time scale.
2) The energy stored in the solid oxide fuel cell stack is mainly the cell and the blast pipe components, and other components can be omitted.
3) It is assumed that the outside continuously supplies air and fuel with a certain pressure, temperature and flow rate to the stack.
A dynamic heat flow model of the heat exchange of the solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the heat flow theory method is shown in fig. 4. The dynamic heat flow model includes: the first thermal potential equivalent source, the second thermal potential equivalent source, the third thermal potential equivalent source, the first thermal resistance, the second thermal resistance, the third thermal resistance, the fourth thermal resistance, the first capacitor and the second capacitor.
One end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance is connected with the positive electrode of the first thermoelectromotive force equivalent source, and the other end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance is respectively connected with one end of the second heat exchange thermal resistance and one end of the first capacitor; the other end of the first capacitor is grounded; the positive electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source is connected with the other end of the second heat exchange resistance, and the negative electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source is connected with one end of the third heat exchange resistance; the other end of the third heat exchange resistance is connected with one end of the fourth heat exchange resistance and one end of the second capacitor respectively, the other end of the fourth heat exchange resistance is connected with the positive electrode of the third thermoelectromotive force equivalent source, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.
The first thermal potential equivalent source represents the fuel heat exchange thermal potential in the battery, the second thermal potential equivalent source represents the air heat exchange thermal potential in the battery, and the third thermal potential equivalent source represents the air heat exchange thermal potential at the inlet of the air supply pipe. The cathode of the first thermodynamic equivalent source represents the initial temperature of the fuel, and the connection point of the anode of the first thermodynamic equivalent source and one end of the first heat exchange resistance represents the transient temperature of the fuel; the joint of the other end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance, one end of the second heat exchange thermal resistance and one end of the first capacitor represents the temperature of the battery; the connection point of the positive electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source and the other end of the second heat exchange resistance represents the transient temperature of air in the battery, and the connection point of the negative electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source and one end of the third heat exchange resistance represents the initial temperature of air in the battery; the joint of the other end of the third heat exchange resistance and one end of the fourth heat exchange resistance and one end of the second capacitor represents the temperature of the blast pipe; the connection point of the positive electrode of the third thermal potential equivalent source and the other end of the fourth heat exchange resistance represents the transient temperature of the air in the air supply pipe, and the negative electrode of the third thermal potential equivalent source represents the initial temperature of the air in the air supply pipe; the first heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the fuel and the battery, the second heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the air and the battery, the third heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the air outside the air supply pipe, and the fourth heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the air inside the air supply pipe. Still referring to fig. 4, the thermal electromotive force indicates a decrease in temperature from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, and otherwise indicates a increase in temperature.
Step 3: and determining a state space model of the solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the dynamic heat flow model.
Early preparation of solid oxide fuel cell stack parameters: determining the initial temperature T of fuel according to a solid oxide fuel cell stack physical simulation model fuel,o Initial temperature T of air in air supply pipe air,o And initial temperature T of air in the battery aircell,o And determining an initial mass flow m of air in,air And an initial mass flow m of fuel in,fuel 。
And determining the specific heat capacity and the mass flow of the air and the fuel according to the solid oxide fuel cell stack physical model, and obtaining the heat capacity as shown in the formula (1).
(1)。
Wherein m is in,air And m in,fuel Calculating m as the trailing edge air 、m fuel Initial value of the process. c p,air C is the specific heat capacity of air in the air supply pipe p,aircell C is the specific heat capacity of air in the battery p,fuel For specific heat capacity of fuel, m air Mass flow of air in air supply duct, m aircell For mass flow of air in the cell, m fuel Is the mass flow of fuel. G air G is the heat capacity flow of air in the air supply pipe aircell G is the flow of air heat capacity in the battery fuel Is the fuel heat capacity stream. G air And G aircell The units of (C) are J/K.s. G fuel Is expressed in kJ/Ks.
And determining parameters such as the heat transfer coefficient k and the heat transfer area A of air and fuel according to the solid oxide fuel cell stack physical model, and calculating the thermal resistance of each heat exchange module as shown in formula (2).
(2)。
Wherein k is aircell Is a batteryHeat transfer coefficient, k, of internal air fuel Is the heat transfer coefficient, k of the fuel air Is the heat transfer coefficient of the blast pipe, A aircell A is the heat transfer area of the air in the battery fuel Is the heat transfer area of the fuel, A air Is the heat transfer area of the blast pipe.
According to a dynamic heat flow model of heat exchange of the solid oxide fuel cell stack, a state space is established as follows.
3.1 The vector u is input.
u=[G air ,G aircell ,G fuel ] T The input vector u is calculated by the specific heat capacity and mass flow of air and fuel in each heat exchange stage through the formula (1).
3.2 The state variable x, the value of which is obtained from solid oxide fuel cell physical model.
x=[T ast ,T cell ] T (3)。
Wherein T is ast The unit is K, which is the temperature of the blast pipe. T (T) cell The battery temperature is given in K.
3.3 From the dynamic heat flow model of fig. 4, a state space equation is built as follows.
(4)。
The dx/dt is used for evaluating the heat storage capacity of the heat exchange working medium and the heat exchange surface of the electric pile; c (C) AST C is the heat capacity of the blast pipe cell For battery heat capacity, Q chem For the release of useful work for chemical reactions, Q rad For radiant heat transfer between battery and tube, Q elec T is the output electric power of the fuel cell air,o T is the initial temperature of the air in the air supply pipe air,i T is the transient temperature of the air in the air supply pipe aircell,o T is the initial temperature of the air in the battery aircell,i T is the transient temperature of the air in the battery fuel,o T is the initial temperature of the fuel fuel,i R is the transient temperature of the fuel con,air R is the heat exchange resistance of air and a battery con,fuel R is heat exchange resistance of fuel and battery AST,inner R is heat exchange resistance of air in the blast pipe AST,outer The heat exchange resistance of the air outside the blast pipe is realized. T (T) air,o 、T air,i 、T aircell,o 、T aircell,i 、T fuel,o And T fuel,i The units of (a) are K. R is R AST,inner 、R AST,outer 、R con,air And R is con,fuel The units of (C) are K.s/J. C (C) AST And C cell The unit of (C) is J/Kg.K. Q (Q) chem And Q rad Is given in units of J.
3.4 And (5) calculating an output variable.
To evaluate the heat transfer process, the heat exchange amount Q of each module is selected as an output variable of the solid oxide fuel cell system to form an output vector y.
y= [Q con,air ,Q con,fuel ,Q AST,inner ,Q AST,outer ] T 。
Wherein Q is con,air For heat exchange of air and battery, Q con,fuel For exchanging heat between fuel and battery, Q AST,inner Heat exchange of air in the air supply pipe is carried out, Q AST,outer Heat is exchanged for air outside the blast pipe. Q (Q) con,air 、Q con,fuel 、Q AST,inner And Q AST,outer All are the ratios of the corresponding thermal potential differences and the heat exchange resistance. Q (Q) con,air 、Q con,fuel 、Q AST,inner And Q AST,outer The units of (a) are J.
The above equation is written as the output equation as follows.
y= Cx+D (5)。
Wherein d= [ T aircell,i /R con,air , T fuel,i /R con,fuel , T air,i /R AST,inner , T aircell,o /R AST,outer ] T ，. C represents a coefficient vector, D represents a constant term vector, C and D describe a vector of inputs and state variablesVariation in the output variable caused by the variation. Thus, the heat transfer system is described by the state equation and the output equation, and can be simplified as follows.
(6)。
The method can be used for equivalent heat exchange process of the complex solid oxide fuel cell stack, and can be subsequently applied to exploring dynamic characteristics, influence of input quantity on output quantity and the like, so that the design of a control system is carried out, and stable output is realized.
Step 4: determining dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell stack in real time by utilizing the state space model; the dynamic characteristics include heat exchange capacity and temperature of the fuel, the air supply pipe and the battery.
And comparing the dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell stack determined in real time with the dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell stack physical model, and correcting the state space model according to the comparison result. Therefore, correction is carried out according to historical data, an accurate control system model capable of evaluating heat exchange capacity of the solid oxide fuel cell is obtained, and accurate heat exchange is obtained in real time. That is, a control system technology based on a solid oxide fuel cell stack heat flow model can be further provided on the basis of the method.
The invention carries out cross-scale modeling on the heat exchange process of the solid oxide fuel cell stack based on the heat flow theory, and establishes a state space model based on the cross-scale model so as to design a control strategy of the solid oxide fuel cell stack system.
The invention aims at the dynamic simulation and parameter analysis of the fuel cell pile, based on the dynamic characteristics of the heat transmission process such as fuel preheating, pile reaction and the like, fully considers the fine characterization of the heat generation-heat transmission characteristics in the heat and gas transmission process, carries out integral modeling and analysis from the system level, and establishes a dynamic coupling model between an internal multi-physical process and an external multi-heat transmission device.
Example 2.
A computer device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the computer program to perform the steps of the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method of embodiment 1.
A computer device may be internally structured as shown in fig. 5. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an Input/Output interface (I/O) and a communication interface. The processor, the memory and the input/output interface are connected through a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus through the input/output interface. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The database of the computer device is used to store the pending transactions. The input/output interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and the external device. The communication interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method in embodiment 1.
The object information (including, but not limited to, object device information, object personal information, etc.) and the data (including, but not limited to, data for analysis, stored data, presented data, etc.) according to the present invention are information and data authorized by the object or sufficiently authorized by each party.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory may include Read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high density embedded nonvolatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory, MRAM), ferroelectric memory (Ferroelectric Random Access Memory, FRAM), phase change memory (Phase Change Memory, PCM), graphene memory, and the like. Volatile memory can include random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) or external cache memory, and the like. By way of illustration, and not limitation, RAM can be in the form of a variety of forms, such as Static Random access memory (Static Random access memory AccessMemory, SRAM) or dynamic Random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory, DRAM), and the like. The databases referred to in the embodiments provided herein may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database may include, but is not limited to, a blockchain-based distributed database, and the like. The processor referred to in the embodiments provided in the present invention may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic unit, a data processing logic unit based on quantum computing, or the like, but is not limited thereto.
Example 3.
A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method in embodiment 1.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method, the method comprising:
taking the heat generation-transfer characteristics of fuel and an air supply pipe in a solid oxide fuel cell stack, the heat of the cell and the heat generation-transfer characteristics of a fuel gas transmission process into consideration, and establishing a stack heat exchange model of the solid oxide fuel cell;
according to the pile heat exchange model, a dynamic heat flow model of the solid oxide fuel cell pile heat exchange is established;
determining a state space model of the solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the dynamic heat flow model;
determining dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell stack in real time by utilizing the state space model; the dynamic characteristics include heat exchange capacity and temperature of the fuel, the air supply pipe and the battery.
2. The solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic heat flow model comprises: the first thermal potential equivalent source, the second thermal potential equivalent source, the third thermal potential equivalent source, the first thermal resistance, the second thermal resistance, the third thermal resistance, the fourth thermal resistance, the first capacitor and the second capacitor;
one end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance is connected with the positive electrode of the first thermoelectromotive force equivalent source, and the other end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance is respectively connected with one end of the second heat exchange thermal resistance and one end of the first capacitor; the other end of the first capacitor is grounded; the positive electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source is connected with the other end of the second heat exchange resistance, and the negative electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source is connected with one end of the third heat exchange resistance; the other end of the third heat exchange resistance is connected with one end of a fourth heat exchange resistance and one end of a second capacitor respectively, the other end of the fourth heat exchange resistance is connected with the positive electrode of a third thermoelectromotive force equivalent source, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded;
the first thermal potential equivalent source represents the heat exchange thermal potential of the fuel in the battery, the negative electrode of the first thermal potential equivalent source represents the initial temperature of the fuel, and the connection point of the positive electrode of the first thermal potential equivalent source and one end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance represents the transient temperature of the fuel;
the joint of the other end of the first heat exchange thermal resistance, one end of the second heat exchange thermal resistance and one end of the first capacitor represents the temperature of the battery;
the second thermal potential equivalent source represents the thermal potential of air heat exchange in the battery, the connection point of the positive electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source and the other end of the second thermal resistance represents the transient temperature of the air in the battery, and the connection point of the negative electrode of the second thermal potential equivalent source and one end of the third thermal resistance represents the initial temperature of the air in the battery;
the joint of the other end of the third heat exchange resistance and one end of the fourth heat exchange resistance and one end of the second capacitor represents the temperature of the blast pipe;
the third thermal potential equivalent source represents the heat exchange thermal potential of air at the inlet of the air supply pipe, the connection point of the positive electrode of the third thermal potential equivalent source and the other end of the fourth heat exchange thermal resistance represents the transient temperature of the air in the air supply pipe, and the negative electrode of the third thermal potential equivalent source represents the initial temperature of the air in the air supply pipe;
the first heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the fuel and the battery, the second heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the air and the battery, the third heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the air outside the air supply pipe, and the fourth heat exchange resistance is the heat exchange resistance of the air inside the air supply pipe.
3. The solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method of claim 1, wherein the state space model is:
；
wherein dx/dt=f (x, u, t) represents a state equation, x is a state variable, u is an input vector, t is a time vector, and f represents a state function; y=g (x, u, t) represents the output equation, y is the output variable, and g represents the output function.
4. A solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method according to claim 3, wherein the process of establishing the state equation comprises:
the construction of the input vector is as follows: u= [ G ] air ,G aircell ,G fuel ] T The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein G is air G is the heat capacity flow of air in the air supply pipe aircell G is the flow of air heat capacity in the battery fuel For the flow of heat capacity of the fuel,，c p,air c is the specific heat capacity of air in the air supply pipe p,aircell C is the specific heat capacity of air in the battery p,fuel For specific heat capacity of fuel, m air For mass flow of air in the blast pipe, m aircell For mass flow of air in the cell, m fuel Is the mass flow of fuel;
the construction state variables are: x= [ T ] ast ,T cell ] T The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein T is ast T is the temperature of the blast pipe cell Is the battery temperature;
according to the input vector, the state variable and the dynamic heat flow model, the state equation is established as follows:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dx/dt is used for evaluating the heat storage capacity of the heat exchange working medium and the heat exchange surface of the electric pile; c (C) AST C is the heat capacity of the blast pipe cell For battery heat capacity, Q chem For the release of useful work for chemical reactions, Q rad For radiant heat transfer between battery and tube, Q elec T is the output electric power of the fuel cell air,o T is the initial temperature of the air in the air supply pipe air,i T is the transient temperature of the air in the air supply pipe aircell,o T is the initial temperature of the air in the battery aircell,i T is the transient temperature of the air in the battery fuel,o T is the initial temperature of the fuel fuel,i R is the transient temperature of the fuel con,air R is the heat exchange resistance of air and a battery con,fuel R is heat exchange resistance of fuel and battery AST,inner R is heat exchange resistance of air in the blast pipe AST,outer The heat exchange resistance of the air outside the air supply pipe is shown;
；
wherein k is aircell Is the heat transfer coefficient, k, of the air in the battery fuel Is the heat transfer coefficient, k of the fuel air Is the heat transfer coefficient of the blast pipe, A aircell A is the heat transfer area of the air in the battery fuel Is the heat transfer area of the fuel, A air Is the heat transfer area of the blast pipe;
simplifying the state equation into: dx/dt=f (x, u, t).
5. The solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method of claim 4, wherein the process of establishing the output equation comprises:
the construction output vector is: y= [ Q ] con,air ,Q con,fuel ,Q AST,inner ,Q AST,outer ] T The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Q is con,air For heat exchange of air and battery, Q con,fuel For exchanging heat between fuel and battery, Q AST,inner Heat exchange of air in the air supply pipe is carried out, Q AST,outer Heat exchange is carried out on the air outside the air supply pipe;
according to the output vector, an output equation is established as follows: y=cx+d; wherein,，D=[T aircell,i /R con,air , T fuel,i /R con,fuel , T air,i /R AST,inner , T aircell,o /R AST,outer ] T c represents a coefficient vector, D represents a constant term vector;
the output equation is reduced to: y=g (x, u, t).
6. The solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell stack are determined in real time by using the state space model, and further comprising:
and comparing the dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell determined in real time with the dynamic characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell stack physical model, and correcting the state space model according to the comparison result.
7. A computer device, comprising: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method of any one of claims 1-6.
8. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the solid oxide fuel cell stack heat exchange equivalent method of any one of claims 1-6.
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