CN117744148A - Patient health data safe sharing method and system based on blockchain - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a safe sharing method and system for patient health data based on a blockchain, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out data preprocessing on health data of a target patient; the data preprocessing process comprises the following steps: binarizing the picture and cleaning the data; performing data mapping and data conversion on the preprocessed data to obtain standard health data; encrypting and then linking the standard health data to obtain a blockchain; adding the intelligent contract into the blockchain; performing access control on the health data in the blockchain through the key management and the access control list; the block chain is used for providing an interface for an external system and a user to access and share the health data, and the query and sharing of the data are realized by calling the interface; the invention not only fully utilizes the advantages of the blockchain technology and provides an effective solution for safe sharing of medical data, but also improves interoperability among different medical institutions and improves sharing and using efficiency on the blockchain through standard processing of the health data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical health data management, in particular to a block chain-based patient health data safe sharing method and system.
Background
With the widespread use of electronic medical records, the degree of electronization of patient health data is continuously increasing. However, how to secure these data, protect patient privacy, and ensure that the data is not illegally tampered with has become an important issue. The traditional centralized data storage and management has potential safety hazards, is easy to be a target of hacking, and is difficult to ensure the integrity and reliability of information during data sharing.
The prior art discloses a health management data sharing method, a device and a remote medical platform as disclosed in the patent application No. 202110174855.6, wherein the health management data sharing method comprises the steps of uniformly storing health management data generated by users in different medical institutions in a uplink manner by constructing a health management alliance chain, and establishing an intelligent contract so that the different medical institutions access the health management data of the users after being authorized by the intelligent contract. The technology can enable doctors of different medical institutions to see the complete health management data of patients, and can realize safe storage of user data and access control of user authorization.
Different healthcare institutions may use different electronic health record systems, and the data formats and standards between these systems may be incompatible, resulting in interoperability challenges in sharing and using data on the blockchain.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a block chain-based patient health data safe sharing method and system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a blockchain-based patient health data secure sharing method, comprising:
carrying out data preprocessing on the health data of the target patient to obtain preprocessed data; the data preprocessing process comprises the following steps: binarizing the picture and cleaning the data;
performing data mapping and data conversion on the preprocessed data to map the preprocessed data to a preset medical data standard to obtain standard health data;
encrypting and then uploading the standard health data to obtain a blockchain comprising the standard health data; each piece of standard health data is stored in the form of a block, and the standard health data comprises a time stamp and a hash value of a previous block;
constructing an intelligent contract containing data sharing rules and logic, and adding the intelligent contract into the blockchain;
performing access control on the health data in the blockchain through a key management and access control list; the blockchain is used for providing an interface for an external system and a user to access and share health data, and the interface is called through an API (application program interface) so as to realize the inquiry and sharing of the data; and the decentralization network is formed by a plurality of nodes in the blockchain, and each node is stored with a complete blockchain copy so as to ensure the consistency and the durability of data.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and checking standard health data on the blockchain through a user interface, and managing authorization and performing data sharing operation through the user interface.
Preferably, the data preprocessing is performed on the health data of the target patient to obtain preprocessed data, including:
preprocessing the health data of the target patient to obtain a binarized text picture; the health data of the target patient comprises outpatient and inpatient medical data, physical sign monitoring data and historical treatment data in a picture format;
identifying characters in the binarized text picture to obtain electronic health data;
and data cleaning is carried out on the data in the electronic health data to obtain the preprocessing data.
Preferably, preprocessing the health data of the target patient to obtain a binary text picture, including:
carrying out gray scale processing on the health data of the target patient to obtain a target text data gray scale map;
denoising the target text data gray level graph to obtain denoised target text data;
dividing the denoised target text data to obtain a text region gray level map and a background region gray level map;
and carrying out binarization processing on the gray level map of the text region to obtain a binarized text picture.
Preferably, denoising the target text data gray scale map to obtain denoised target text data, including:
denoising the target text data gray level map by using a gray level denoising model to obtain denoised target text data; the gray value denoising model is as follows:
where p (x, y) represents the target text data after denoising, q (x, y) represents a gradation value at a (x, y) position on the gradation map of the target text data,as an intermediate parameter, α represents an adjustable factor.
Preferably, the medical data standard comprises a health information transfer protocol and an observational index identifier logical naming and encoding database.
A blockchain-based patient health data secure sharing system, comprising:
the data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the health data of the target patient to obtain preprocessed data; the data preprocessing process comprises the following steps: binarizing the picture and cleaning the data;
the standard conversion module is used for carrying out data mapping and data conversion on the preprocessed data so as to map the preprocessed data to a preset medical data standard and obtain standard health data;
the uplink module is used for encrypting the standard health data and then uplink to obtain a block chain comprising the standard health data; each piece of standard health data is stored in the form of a block, and the standard health data comprises a time stamp and a hash value of a previous block;
the intelligent contract module is used for constructing intelligent contracts containing rules and logic for data sharing and adding the intelligent contracts into the blockchain;
the sharing module is used for carrying out access control on the health data in the block chain through the key management and access control list; the blockchain is used for providing an interface for an external system and a user to access and share health data, and the interface is called through an API (application program interface) so as to realize the inquiry and sharing of the data; and the decentralization network is formed by a plurality of nodes in the blockchain, and each node is stored with a complete blockchain copy so as to ensure the consistency and the durability of data.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and the authorization module is used for viewing the standard health data on the blockchain through a user interface, managing authorization and executing data sharing operation through the user interface.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a safe sharing method and system for patient health data based on a blockchain, comprising the following steps: carrying out data preprocessing on the health data of the target patient to obtain preprocessed data; the data preprocessing process comprises the following steps: binarizing the picture and cleaning the data; performing data mapping and data conversion on the preprocessed data to map the preprocessed data to a preset medical data standard to obtain standard health data; encrypting and then uploading the standard health data to obtain a blockchain comprising the standard health data; each piece of standard health data is stored in the form of a block, and the standard health data comprises a time stamp and a hash value of a previous block; constructing an intelligent contract containing data sharing rules and logic, and adding the intelligent contract into the blockchain; performing access control on the health data in the blockchain through a key management and access control list; the blockchain is used for providing an interface for an external system and a user to access and share health data, and the interface is called through an API (application program interface) so as to realize the inquiry and sharing of the data; and the decentralization network is formed by a plurality of nodes in the blockchain, and each node is stored with a complete blockchain copy so as to ensure the consistency and the durability of data. The invention not only fully utilizes the advantages of the blockchain technology and provides an effective solution for safe sharing of medical data, but also improves interoperability among different medical institutions and improves sharing and using efficiency on the blockchain through standard processing of the health data.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a safe sharing method and system for patient health data based on a blockchain, which can improve the sharing and using efficiency of medical data on the blockchain.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for safely sharing patient health data based on blockchain, including:
step 100: carrying out data preprocessing on the health data of the target patient to obtain preprocessed data; the data preprocessing process comprises the following steps: binarizing the picture and cleaning the data;
step 200: performing data mapping and data conversion on the preprocessed data to map the preprocessed data to a preset medical data standard to obtain standard health data;
step 300: encrypting and then uploading the standard health data to obtain a blockchain comprising the standard health data; each piece of standard health data is stored in the form of a block, and the standard health data comprises a time stamp and a hash value of a previous block;
step 400: constructing an intelligent contract containing data sharing rules and logic, and adding the intelligent contract into the blockchain;
step 500: performing access control on the health data in the blockchain through a key management and access control list; the blockchain is used for providing an interface for an external system and a user to access and share health data, and the interface is called through an API (application program interface) so as to realize the inquiry and sharing of the data; and the decentralization network is formed by a plurality of nodes in the blockchain, and each node is stored with a complete blockchain copy so as to ensure the consistency and the durability of data.
The processing flow of the embodiment includes:
1. firstly, carrying out data preprocessing and data standardization processing on the collected data of each medical institution to obtain standard health data;
2. and encrypting and then uploading standard health data of a patient by using data uplink software, wherein each piece of data is stored in a block form and comprises a time stamp and a hash value of a previous block, so that the non-tamper property of the data is ensured.
3. Rules and logic for data sharing are defined, and the intelligent method is automatically executed on a blockchain, so that the process of data sharing is ensured to follow preset rules, such as patient authorization, data access authority verification and the like.
4. Access control to the health data is achieved through key management and access control lists, and only medical institutions or individuals who obtain patient authorization can access the relevant data.
5. And setting a data sharing interface, providing an interface for an external system and a user to access and share health data, and realizing data query and sharing through API call.
Optionally, the blockchain network in this embodiment is a decentralized network formed by a plurality of nodes, and each node stores a complete blockchain copy, so as to ensure consistency and durability of data.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and checking standard health data on the blockchain through a user interface, and managing authorization and performing data sharing operation through the user interface.
The user interface in this embodiment is used by patients and medical institutions for viewing health data, managing authorizations, and performing data sharing operations.
Preferably, the data preprocessing is performed on the health data of the target patient to obtain preprocessed data, including:
preprocessing the health data of the target patient to obtain a binarized text picture; the health data of the target patient comprises outpatient and inpatient medical data, physical sign monitoring data and historical treatment data in a picture format;
identifying characters in the binarized text picture to obtain electronic health data;
and data cleaning is carried out on the data in the electronic health data to obtain the preprocessing data.
Preferably, preprocessing the health data of the target patient to obtain a binary text picture, including:
carrying out gray scale processing on the health data of the target patient to obtain a target text data gray scale map;
denoising the target text data gray level graph to obtain denoised target text data;
dividing the denoised target text data to obtain a text region gray level map and a background region gray level map;
and carrying out binarization processing on the gray level map of the text region to obtain a binarized text picture.
Preferably, denoising the target text data gray scale map to obtain denoised target text data, including:
denoising the target text data gray level map by using a gray level denoising model to obtain denoised target text data; the gray value denoising model is as follows:
where p (x, y) represents the target text data after denoising, q (x, y) represents a gradation value at a (x, y) position on the gradation map of the target text data,as an intermediate parameter, α represents an adjustable factor.
Specifically, the invention carries out smooth denoising treatment on the image by utilizing the gray value denoising model, so that the noise in the image can be filtered under the condition of retaining the original information of the image as much as possible, the image is clearer, and the identification of characters and numerical data in healthy data is facilitated.
Optionally, the specific steps for sharing data in this embodiment are as follows:
1. the patient or collector inputs standard health data into the system, and the data uplink module encrypts the data and generates blocks.
2. The intelligent contract module automatically processes the data sharing request according to preset rules.
3. When there is a data sharing request, the data access control module verifies the access rights of the requester.
4. If the requester has legal access rights, the data sharing interface provides the encrypted data to the requester.
5. After decryption by the corresponding key, the requester obtains the required health data.
Further, the present embodiment may be implemented by combining an existing blockchain platform with a medical information system. For example, an intelligent contract module is built by using an Ethernet platform, and the logic of data sharing is written by using a programming language provided by the intelligent contract module. The data-chaining module may encrypt the data using an encryption algorithm such as RSA or AES. The user interface may be provided by a Web application or a mobile application, facilitating user interaction.
Preferably, the medical data standard comprises a health information transfer protocol and an observational index identifier logical naming and encoding database.
Specifically, the specific steps for determining the medical data standard in this embodiment are as follows:
1. determining a common standard, selecting or developing a set of common medical data standards, such as HL7 (Health Level Seven), FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) or LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes), ensures that all participants follow these standards.
2. Data mapping: existing data formats are analyzed and mapped to a common criteria of choice. This typically involves creating a data dictionary or mapping table to convert data elements of one format into another format.
3. A data conversion tool: data conversion tools are developed or employed that are capable of automatically converting raw data from its original format to a standard format. This may include using ETL (extract, transform, load) tools or middleware.
4. Data cleaning: the data is cleaned to ensure its accuracy and consistency. This may include deleting duplicate records, correcting error values, and filling in missing data.
5. Verification and testing: before practical application, the converted data is subjected to strict verification and test to ensure that the integrity and accuracy of the data are not compromised.
6. Implementing data management: a data governance framework is established to govern the quality, security and use of data. Ensuring that all data manipulation meets legal and industry standards for medical care.
7. Continuously monitoring and updating: with the development and change of the standard, the data conversion process is continuously monitored, and the mapping and conversion rules are updated as required.
8. Education and training: healthcare providers and technicians are educated and trained to ensure that they learn the importance and methods of operation of data standardization.
9. Using middle layers or APIs: an intermediate layer or Application Programming Interface (API) is used between the different systems to facilitate the transfer and conversion of data while maintaining system independence.
10. Cooperation and coordination: in cooperation with all interested parties, including medical institutions, software providers, and standardization bodies, to ensure consistent implementation and maintenance of data standardization.
Corresponding to the above method, the embodiment further provides a patient health data secure sharing system based on blockchain, including:
the data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the health data of the target patient to obtain preprocessed data; the data preprocessing process comprises the following steps: binarizing the picture and cleaning the data;
the standard conversion module is used for carrying out data mapping and data conversion on the preprocessed data so as to map the preprocessed data to a preset medical data standard and obtain standard health data;
the uplink module is used for encrypting the standard health data and then uplink to obtain a block chain comprising the standard health data; each piece of standard health data is stored in the form of a block, and the standard health data comprises a time stamp and a hash value of a previous block;
the intelligent contract module is used for constructing intelligent contracts containing rules and logic for data sharing and adding the intelligent contracts into the blockchain;
the sharing module is used for carrying out access control on the health data in the block chain through the key management and access control list; the blockchain is used for providing an interface for an external system and a user to access and share health data, and the interface is called through an API (application program interface) so as to realize the inquiry and sharing of the data; and the decentralization network is formed by a plurality of nodes in the blockchain, and each node is stored with a complete blockchain copy so as to ensure the consistency and the durability of data.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and the authorization module is used for viewing the standard health data on the blockchain through a user interface, managing authorization and executing data sharing operation through the user interface.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Non-tamperable: the chain structure of the blockchain ensures that once data is written, it cannot be tampered with.
(2) Privacy protection: encryption and access control ensure that only authorized users can access the data.
(3) And (5) decentralizing storage: each node in the blockchain network stores a data copy, so that the safety and reliability of data are enhanced.
(4) Easy to trace back: blockchains have natural traceability and all data sharing operations can be tracked.
(5) Standardization: the standard processing of health data improves interoperability between different medical institutions and efficiency of sharing and use on a blockchain, and the different medical institutions can realize compatibility of data formats and standards through data processing despite the use of different electronic health record systems.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A blockchain-based patient health data secure sharing method, comprising:
carrying out data preprocessing on the health data of the target patient to obtain preprocessed data; the data preprocessing process comprises the following steps: binarizing the picture and cleaning the data;
performing data mapping and data conversion on the preprocessed data to map the preprocessed data to a preset medical data standard to obtain standard health data;
encrypting and then uploading the standard health data to obtain a blockchain comprising the standard health data; each piece of standard health data is stored in the form of a block, and the standard health data comprises a time stamp and a hash value of a previous block;
constructing an intelligent contract containing data sharing rules and logic, and adding the intelligent contract into the blockchain;
performing access control on the health data in the blockchain through a key management and access control list; the blockchain is used for providing an interface for an external system and a user to access and share health data, and the interface is called through an API (application program interface) so as to realize the inquiry and sharing of the data; and the decentralization network is formed by a plurality of nodes in the blockchain, and each node is stored with a complete blockchain copy so as to ensure the consistency and the durability of data.
2. The blockchain-based patient health data secure sharing method of claim 1, further comprising:
and checking standard health data on the blockchain through a user interface, and managing authorization and performing data sharing operation through the user interface.
3. The blockchain-based patient health data secure sharing method of claim 1, wherein the data preprocessing is performed on the health data of the target patient to obtain preprocessed data, comprising:
preprocessing the health data of the target patient to obtain a binarized text picture; the health data of the target patient comprises outpatient and inpatient medical data, physical sign monitoring data and historical treatment data in a picture format;
identifying characters in the binarized text picture to obtain electronic health data;
and data cleaning is carried out on the data in the electronic health data to obtain the preprocessing data.
4. The blockchain-based patient health data secure sharing method according to claim 3, wherein preprocessing the health data of the target patient to obtain a binary text picture comprises:
carrying out gray scale processing on the health data of the target patient to obtain a target text data gray scale map;
denoising the target text data gray level graph to obtain denoised target text data;
dividing the denoised target text data to obtain a text region gray level map and a background region gray level map;
and carrying out binarization processing on the gray level map of the text region to obtain a binarized text picture.
5. The blockchain-based patient health data secure sharing method of claim 4, wherein denoising the target text data gray scale map to obtain denoised target text data, comprising:
denoising the target text data gray level map by using a gray level denoising model to obtain denoised target text data; the gray value denoising model is as follows:
where p (x, y) represents the target text data after denoising, q (x, y) represents a gradation value at a (x, y) position on the gradation map of the target text data,as an intermediate parameter, α represents an adjustable factor.
6. The blockchain-based patient health data secure sharing method of claim 1, wherein the medical data standard includes a health information transfer protocol and an observational index identifier logical naming and encoding database.
7. A blockchain-based patient health data secure sharing system, comprising:
the data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the health data of the target patient to obtain preprocessed data; the data preprocessing process comprises the following steps: binarizing the picture and cleaning the data;
the standard conversion module is used for carrying out data mapping and data conversion on the preprocessed data so as to map the preprocessed data to a preset medical data standard and obtain standard health data;
the uplink module is used for encrypting the standard health data and then uplink to obtain a block chain comprising the standard health data; each piece of standard health data is stored in the form of a block, and the standard health data comprises a time stamp and a hash value of a previous block;
the intelligent contract module is used for constructing intelligent contracts containing rules and logic for data sharing and adding the intelligent contracts into the blockchain;
the sharing module is used for carrying out access control on the health data in the block chain through the key management and access control list; the blockchain is used for providing an interface for an external system and a user to access and share health data, and the interface is called through an API (application program interface) so as to realize the inquiry and sharing of the data; and the decentralization network is formed by a plurality of nodes in the blockchain, and each node is stored with a complete blockchain copy so as to ensure the consistency and the durability of data.
8. The blockchain-based patient health data secure sharing system of claim 7, further comprising:
and the authorization module is used for viewing the standard health data on the blockchain through a user interface, managing authorization and executing data sharing operation through the user interface.
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