CN117738587A - Horizontal well geosteering method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 29
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 21
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Abstract
The application discloses a horizontal well geosteering method, which comprises the steps of obtaining basic data of adjacent wells around a horizontal well to be drilled; comparing the target reservoirs to obtain the top depth and bottom depth values of the adjacent well target reservoirs and the predicted values of the top depth and bottom depth of the horizontal well to be drilled; comparing the X-ray element data, and predicting the sandstone type of the target reservoir and the reaction characteristics of the X-ray element data; obtaining the reservoir thickness of each adjacent well and the reservoir thickness of the horizontal well to be drilled, and establishing a target reservoir thickness model; and when the horizontal well to be drilled is constructed, drilling to a target point, analyzing and judging whether the actual sandstone type of the stratum encountered by drilling is the predicted sandstone type, analyzing whether the actual sandstone type is consistent with the predicted value, and judging that the horizontal well is a correct model when the results are all positive, and continuing to carry out geosteering on the horizontal well. The method can correct the result of the earthquake inversion prediction reservoir in time, provides a basis for track adjustment of horizontal well construction, improves the drilling meeting rate of the reservoir, and improves the success rate of track adjustment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly relates to a horizontal well geosteering method.
Background
Geosteering is an important construction step in horizontal well drilling operations, and in situ geosteering requires the establishment of accurate geologic models to predict the development of horizontal segment formations, two methods are currently in common use: firstly, adopting seismic data, and carrying out geosteering by utilizing an inversion seismic volume model or a three-dimensional geological model based on earthquake; secondly, logging data is adopted, and geosteering is carried out by using logging while drilling data, including but not limited to gamma while drilling, azimuth gamma while drilling, electromagnetic wave resistivity, azimuth gamma imaging logging and the like.
However, there are some problems in using the seismic data to perform geosteering, namely, uncertainty exists in the seismic inversion result, multiple solutions exist when the seismic inversion result is converted into geological knowledge, and meanwhile, in the process of converting the seismic body from a time domain to a depth domain, certain systematic errors exist in time-depth conversion and construction site depth due to factors such as synthetic record and wavelet selection; the disadvantage of using logging data for geosteering is that the depth of return of the logging data is inconsistent with the depth of actual drilling, the lag depth is determined by the difference of logging instruments, and the lag data information cannot provide decision support for geosteering in time when drilling into a non-reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a horizontal well geosteering method which can timely rectify the result of earthquake inversion prediction reservoir stratum, provide a basis for track adjustment of horizontal well construction, and improve the success rate of track adjustment while improving the drilling meeting rate of the reservoir stratum.
The horizontal well geosteering method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
basic data of adjacent wells around the horizontal well to be drilled are acquired, wherein the basic data comprise lithology data, all-hydrocarbon data, X-ray element data and orientation data;
correcting the depth of the adjacent wells from the inclined depth to vertical depth by utilizing the directional data, and comparing the target reservoirs of the adjacent wells to obtain the values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoirs of the adjacent wells and the predicted values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoirs of the horizontal wells to be drilled;
analyzing and comparing the X-ray element data, and predicting the target reservoir sandstone type and the X-ray element data response characteristics of the areas where the horizontal well to be drilled and the surrounding adjacent wells are located;
calculating the difference value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir in the adjacent well and the difference value of the predicted value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled, obtaining the reservoir thickness of each adjacent well and the horizontal well to be drilled, establishing a target reservoir thickness model, and simultaneously establishing a reservoir top construction model and a reservoir bottom construction model according to the values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the adjacent well and the predicted value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled; predicting the reservoir thickness change condition of a horizontal section and the reservoir structure change condition of the horizontal section by utilizing projections of a horizontal well track to be drilled on the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model; setting a target point on a horizontal section at intervals of preset intervals, projecting target point coordinates into the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model, acquiring reservoir top depth, reservoir bottom depth and reservoir lithology parameters at the target point, and obtaining predicted sandstone types and X-ray element data reaction characteristic predicted values of the target point according to the reservoir lithology parameters, the target reservoir sandstone types of the horizontal well to be drilled and surrounding areas where the adjacent wells are located and X-ray element data reaction characteristics;
and when the horizontal well to be drilled is constructed, drilling to the target point to acquire lithology data and all hydrocarbon data of the horizontal well to be drilled, comparing the lithology data and all hydrocarbon data of the adjacent well with the lithology data and all hydrocarbon data of the adjacent well, analyzing and judging whether the actual sandstone type of the drilling stratum is the predicted sandstone type, simultaneously obtaining an X-ray element data response characteristic actual measurement value of the sandstone by using an X-ray element analysis mode, analyzing whether the X-ray element data response characteristic actual measurement value is consistent with the X-ray element data response characteristic prediction value, and judging that the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model are correct models when the results are all positive models, and continuing to conduct horizontal well geosteering.
Preferably, in the horizontal well geosteering method, the method further includes:
and if at least one of lithology data, full hydrocarbon data and X-ray element reaction characteristic actual measurement values of rock fragments of the horizontal well to be drilled does not accord with the predicted results of the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model, analyzing reservoir sandstone change conditions according to the lithology data of the horizontal well to be drilled, updating and correcting the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model until the predicted values are matched with actual drilling results, and continuing geosteering construction according to the corrected target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model.
Preferably, in the horizontal well geosteering method, the method further includes:
when a horizontal well to be drilled is constructed, if drilling meets non-reservoir mudstone, comparing and judging according to mudstone rock scraps and reservoir top and bottom mudstone of an adjacent well, analyzing the drilling meets reservoir rock scraps by utilizing an X-ray element analysis mode, quantitatively comparing analysis results with analysis results of reservoir top and bottom mudstone elements of the adjacent well before drilling, judging whether a track is a non-reservoir mudstone interlayer which is ejected out of or developed inside the drilling meets reservoir, updating and correcting the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model according to the judging results, and continuing geosteering construction.
Preferably, in the horizontal well geosteering method described above, the lithology data includes whether it is sandstone or mudstone.
Preferably, in the horizontal well geosteering method described above, the X-ray elemental data comprises Si, al, fe, K, na, mg, ca elemental data.
Preferably, in the horizontal well geosteering method described above, the orientation data includes well depth, well deviation, and azimuth data.
Preferably, in the horizontal well geosteering method, the predicting the target reservoir sandstone type of the area where the horizontal well to be drilled and the surrounding adjacent wells are located includes:
predicting whether a target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled and surrounding areas where the adjacent wells are located is quartz sandstone, detritus quartz sandstone or feldspar sandstone.
Preferably, in the horizontal well geosteering method, the X-ray elemental data response signature includes:
the conventional Si, al, fe, K, na, mg, ca has 7 types of element reaction characteristics and Si/Al and Fe/Al combined element reaction characteristics.
Preferably, in the horizontal well geosteering method, the predetermined interval is 50 meters, 100 meters, or 150 meters.
As can be seen from the above description, the horizontal well geosteering method provided by the present invention includes acquiring basic data of adjacent wells around a horizontal well to be drilled, including lithology data, all hydrocarbon data, X-ray element data, and orientation data; correcting the depth of the adjacent wells from the inclined depth to vertical depth by utilizing the directional data, and comparing the target reservoirs of the adjacent wells to obtain the values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoirs of the adjacent wells and the predicted values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoirs of the horizontal wells to be drilled; analyzing and comparing the X-ray element data, and predicting the target reservoir sandstone type and the X-ray element data response characteristics of the areas where the horizontal well to be drilled and the surrounding adjacent wells are located; calculating the difference value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir in the adjacent well and the difference value of the predicted value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled, obtaining the reservoir thickness of each adjacent well and the horizontal well to be drilled, establishing a target reservoir thickness model, and simultaneously establishing a reservoir top construction model and a reservoir bottom construction model according to the values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the adjacent well and the predicted value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled; predicting the reservoir thickness change condition of a horizontal section and the reservoir structure change condition of the horizontal section by utilizing projections of a horizontal well track to be drilled on the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model; setting a target point on a horizontal section at intervals of preset intervals, projecting target point coordinates into the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model, acquiring reservoir top depth, reservoir bottom depth and reservoir lithology parameters at the target point, and obtaining predicted sandstone types and X-ray element data reaction characteristic predicted values of the target point according to the reservoir lithology parameters, the target reservoir sandstone types of the horizontal well to be drilled and surrounding areas where the adjacent wells are located and X-ray element data reaction characteristics; when the horizontal well to be drilled is constructed, lithology data and all hydrocarbon data of the horizontal well to be drilled are obtained from the position where the horizontal well to be drilled is drilled to the target point, the lithology data and the all hydrocarbon data of the adjacent well are compared, whether the actual sandstone type of the drilling stratum is the predicted sandstone type is judged by analysis, meanwhile, an X-ray element data response characteristic actual measurement value of sandstone is obtained by an X-ray element analysis mode, whether the X-ray element data response characteristic actual measurement value is consistent with the X-ray element data response characteristic prediction value is analyzed, when the result is yes, the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model are judged to be correct models, and horizontal well geosteering is continuously carried out by the aid of the lithology data and the all hydrocarbon data, so that the seismic inversion prediction reservoir result can be corrected in time, a basis is provided for track adjustment of horizontal well construction, and meanwhile, the success rate of track adjustment is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a horizontal well geosteering method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a model of the thickness of a JPH-428 well sand;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a sand body construction model of a JPH-428 well target layer;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a JPH-428 well drill geosteering trajectory;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a JPH-428 well A point elemental analysis technique for explaining quartz sandstone;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a JPH-325 well elemental analysis technique for explaining cuttings sandstone;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of sand body curl characteristics;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a deposition phase feature;
FIG. 9 is a graph of a corrected JPH-428 well sand thickness model;
FIG. 10 is a graph of a modified JPH-428 well drill geosteering trajectory;
FIG. 11 is a JPH-428 horizontal segment element log.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide a horizontal well geosteering method, which can timely rectify the result of earthquake inversion prediction reservoir stratum, provide basis for track adjustment of horizontal well construction, improve the drilling meeting rate of the reservoir stratum and improve the success rate of track adjustment.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
An embodiment of a horizontal well geosteering method provided by the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a horizontal well geosteering method provided by the present invention, where the method may include the following steps:
s1: basic data of adjacent wells around the horizontal well to be drilled are acquired, wherein the basic data comprise lithology data, all-hydrocarbon data, X-ray element data and orientation data;
specifically, the lithology data may include sandstone or mudstone, the whole hydrocarbon data is whole hydrocarbon data while drilling, drilling data may be acquired, the X-ray element data may include Si, al, fe, K, na, mg, ca element data, the directional data may include well depth, well deviation and azimuth data, and the acquisition parameters may be adjusted according to actual needs, which is not limited herein.
S2: correcting the depth of the adjacent wells from the inclined depth to the vertical depth by utilizing the directional data, and comparing the target reservoirs of the adjacent wells to obtain the values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoirs of the adjacent wells and the predicted values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoirs of the horizontal wells to be drilled;
it should be noted that, the top depth and bottom depth of the target reservoir of the adjacent well belong to sandstone burial depth data, the true value of the target reservoir of the adjacent well is obtained by comparing, and meanwhile, the predicted value of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled is obtained, and the predicted value is used for increasing the data point of the horizontal well to be drilled when a thickness model and a construction model are built later.
S3: analyzing and comparing the X-ray element data, and predicting the type of the sandstone of the target reservoir in the area where the horizontal well to be drilled and the surrounding adjacent wells are located and the reaction characteristics of the X-ray element data;
specifically, it is possible to analyze which of the quartz sandstone, feldspar sandstone, and cuttings sandstone the sandstone type of the target reservoir is.
S4: calculating the difference value of the top depth and the bottom depth of a target reservoir in an adjacent well and the difference value of the predicted value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled, obtaining the reservoir thicknesses of each adjacent well and the horizontal well to be drilled, establishing a target reservoir thickness model, and simultaneously establishing a reservoir top construction model and a reservoir bottom construction model according to the values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the adjacent well and the predicted value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled; predicting the reservoir thickness change condition of the horizontal section and the reservoir structure change condition of the horizontal section by utilizing the projection of the track of the horizontal well to be drilled on the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model; setting a target point on the horizontal section at intervals of preset intervals, projecting target point coordinates into a target reservoir thickness model, a reservoir top construction model and a reservoir bottom construction model, acquiring reservoir top depth, reservoir bottom depth and reservoir lithology parameters at the target point, and obtaining predicted sandstone types and X-ray element data response characteristic predicted values of the target point according to the reservoir lithology parameters and target reservoir sandstone types and X-ray element data response characteristics of areas where horizontal wells to be drilled and surrounding adjacent wells are located;
the preset interval can be, but is not limited to, 50 meters, 100 meters or 150 meters, taking 100 meters as an example, a horizontal section is named as A0, A1 and A2 … … according to a target point of every 100 meters, wellhead coordinates of the target point are put into a model, top depth, bottom depth and lithology parameters of a target layer at the target points of A0, A1 and A2 are obtained, and X-ray element characteristics T0, T1 and T2 … … of the position are deduced according to lithology.
S5: and when the result is yes, judging that the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model are correct models, and continuing to conduct horizontal well geosteering.
Specifically, in the horizontal section drilling construction process, reservoir sandstone rock chips obtained according to logging real drilling are firstly judged from conventional lithology, wherein the conventional lithology comprises color, granularity and full hydrocarbon data while drilling, whether the drilling stratum rock chips are reservoir sandstone rock chips predicted before drilling or not is judged, then an X-ray element analysis technology is applied to realize lithology characteristics of the drilling stratum rock chips, whether the drilling stratum rock chips are quartz sandstone, rock chip quartz sandstone or feldspar sandstone or not is judged, if the conventional rock chip judgment and rock chip element analysis judgment characteristics accord with a model prediction result before drilling, an original model is considered to be correct, and the next horizontal section geosteering construction can be continuously guided.
As can be seen from the above description, in the embodiments of the horizontal well geosteering method provided by the present invention, the basic data of adjacent wells around the horizontal well to be drilled, including lithology data, all hydrocarbon data, X-ray element data, and orientation data, are acquired; correcting the depth of the adjacent wells from the inclined depth to the vertical depth by utilizing the directional data, and comparing the target reservoirs of the adjacent wells to obtain the values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoirs of the adjacent wells and the predicted values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoirs of the horizontal wells to be drilled; analyzing and comparing the X-ray element data, and predicting the type of the sandstone of the target reservoir in the area where the horizontal well to be drilled and the surrounding adjacent wells are located and the reaction characteristics of the X-ray element data; calculating the difference value of the top depth and the bottom depth of a target reservoir in an adjacent well and the difference value of the predicted value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled, obtaining the reservoir thicknesses of each adjacent well and the horizontal well to be drilled, establishing a target reservoir thickness model, and simultaneously establishing a reservoir top construction model and a reservoir bottom construction model according to the values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the adjacent well and the predicted value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled; predicting the reservoir thickness change condition of the horizontal section and the reservoir structure change condition of the horizontal section by utilizing the projection of the track of the horizontal well to be drilled on the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model; setting a target point on the horizontal section at intervals of preset intervals, projecting target point coordinates into a target reservoir thickness model, a reservoir top construction model and a reservoir bottom construction model, acquiring reservoir top depth, reservoir bottom depth and reservoir lithology parameters at the target point, and obtaining predicted sandstone types and X-ray element data response characteristic predicted values of the target point according to the reservoir lithology parameters and target reservoir sandstone types and X-ray element data response characteristics of areas where horizontal wells to be drilled and surrounding adjacent wells are located; when the horizontal well to be drilled is constructed, lithology data and all hydrocarbon data of the horizontal well to be drilled are obtained from the drilling position to the target point, the lithology data and the all hydrocarbon data of the adjacent well are compared, whether the actual sandstone type of the drilling stratum is the predicted sandstone type is analyzed and judged, meanwhile, the actually measured value of the X-ray element data response characteristic of the sandstone is obtained by utilizing an X-ray element analysis mode, whether the actually measured value of the X-ray element data response characteristic of the sandstone is consistent with the predicted value of the X-ray element data response characteristic is analyzed, when the result is yes, the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model are judged to be correct models, and the horizontal well geosteering is continuously carried out according to the model, so that the result of predicting the reservoir layer by seismic inversion can be corrected in time, the basis is provided for track adjustment of the horizontal well construction, and the success rate of track adjustment is improved while the drilling meeting rate of the reservoir is improved.
In a specific embodiment of the horizontal well geosteering method, the method may further include the steps of:
if at least one of lithology data, full hydrocarbon data and X-ray element reaction characteristic actual measurement values of rock fragments of the horizontal well to be drilled does not accord with the prediction results of the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model, the reservoir sandstone change condition is analyzed according to the lithology data of the horizontal well to be drilled, the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model are updated and corrected until the prediction values are consistent with the actual drilling results, and geosteering construction is continued according to the corrected target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model.
That is, if the conventional reservoir sandstone rock fragment judgment and the rock fragment element analysis judgment feature are not or one is not in accordance with the pre-drilling model prediction result, the reservoir sandstone change condition needs to be analyzed according to the logging rock fragments of the actual drilling in time, the reservoir sandstone thickness model and the construction model are updated and corrected in time until the reservoir sandstone thickness model and the construction model are matched with the actual drilling result, and then the next geosteering construction is continuously guided according to the corrected reservoir sandstone guiding model and the reservoir sandstone construction.
In another specific embodiment of the horizontal well geosteering method, the method may further include the steps of:
when the horizontal well to be drilled is constructed, if drilling meets non-reservoir mudstone, comparing and judging the mud rock cuttings with the reservoir top and bottom mudstone of the adjacent well, analyzing the drilling met reservoir cuttings by utilizing an X-ray element analysis mode, quantitatively comparing the analysis result with the reservoir top and bottom mudstone element analysis result of the adjacent well before drilling, judging whether the track is ejection, bottom outlet or non-reservoir mudstone interlayer developing in the drilling met reservoir, updating and correcting the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model according to the judgment result, and continuing geosteering construction.
Specifically, in the horizontal drilling construction process, if drilling is performed on non-reservoir mudstones, according to logging mudstone cuttings, firstly, qualitative comparison and judgment are performed on the drilling-performed reservoir cuttings and the drilling-performed reservoir cuttings from the aspects of color, brittleness, water absorption, plasticity, whole hydrocarbon while drilling and the like, secondly, an X-ray elemental analysis technology is utilized to analyze the drilling-performed reservoir cuttings, an analysis result of the analysis and an element analysis result of the pre-drilling analysis surrounding rock are utilized to quantitatively compare and judge, and both qualitative and quantitative directions are utilized to judge whether a track is ejection, bottom-out reservoir or non-reservoir mudstone interlayer developing inside the drilling-performed reservoir, and a reservoir sandstone thickness model and a structural model are updated and corrected in time according to the judgment result so as to guide the horizontal geosteering construction.
In yet another specific embodiment of the above horizontal well geosteering method, predicting a target reservoir sandstone type for an area where a horizontal well to be drilled and surrounding adjacent wells are located may include:
the target reservoir in the area where the horizontal well to be drilled and surrounding adjacent wells are located is predicted to be quartz sandstone, cuttings quartz sandstone or feldspar sandstone. Specifically, sandstone is classified according to the content of the components: quartz content > feldspar content and rock dust content, sandstone is defined as quartz sandstone; feldspar content > quartz content and rock chip content, sandstone is defined as feldspar sandstone; rock chip content > feldspar content and quartz content, sandstone is defined as rock chip sandstone.
In a preferred embodiment of the horizontal well geosteering method described above, the X-ray elemental data reaction characteristics may include: the conventional Si, al, fe, K, na, mg, ca has 7 types of element reaction characteristics and Si/Al and Fe/Al combined element reaction characteristics. Specifically, the X-ray element characteristics of three sandstones can be summarized according to sandstone classification and element data of a drilled well in a work area.
The above method is described below with a specific example:
(1) Taking a JPH-428 well as an example, collecting and researching logging sandstone, mudstone, drilling time and drilling while-drilling all hydrocarbon data of adjacent wells (a Jing 112 well, a JPH-325 well, a JPH-381 well, a JPH-435 well and the like) before drilling;
(2) Meanwhile, collecting the element data of adjacent wells (such as jin 112 well, JPH-325 well, JPH-381 well, JPH-435 well and the like) of the JPH-428 well;
(3) The horizontal section target layer reservoir sandstone of the well is rock debris quartz sandstone-quartz sandstone by utilizing an X-ray elemental analysis technology, and in 7 types of conventional element data, the content of element Si in the target layer is higher, the values of Fe element and Al element are lower, the combined elements Si/Al and Fe/Al are larger in change in the reservoir, and smaller in change in unfavorable reservoirs and non-reservoir.
(4) And (3) carrying out conventional analysis on the collected data to predict that the target reservoir is light gray medium-coarse sandstone, and the reservoir has better homogeneity and higher total hydrocarbon while drilling after the predicted reservoir is encountered.
(5) According to the collected buried depth data of the reservoir sandstone of the adjacent well target layer, analyzing and comparing the buried depth data of the reservoir sandstone of the target layer, determining the buried depth range of the reservoir sandstone of the target layer, correcting the buried depth of the reservoir sandstone of the target layer by combining the collected directional data, obtaining the vertical buried depth and the elevation buried depth data of the reservoir sandstone, and establishing a reservoir sandstone thickness model and a reservoir sandstone construction model of a well zone where the target well is positioned according to the vertical buried depth and the elevation buried depth data, wherein the reservoir sandstone thickness model and the reservoir sandstone construction model are respectively shown in fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a JPH-428 well sand thickness model diagram, and fig. 3 is a JPH-428 well target layer sand construction model section diagram. And according to the reservoir sand thickness model, predicting that the thickness of the horizontal section target reservoir sandstone from the point A to the point B is stable, and predicting that the horizontal section reservoir structural characteristics are low-amplitude declining trend from the point A to the point B according to the reservoir structural model.
(6) In the horizontal section drilling construction process, according to real drilling logging cuttings of 0-500 m in the horizontal section, conventionally analyzing that real drilling meets a reservoir layer to be light gray middle sandstone, wherein the sandstone strength is thicker, and the whole hydrocarbon value while drilling is higher; the method utilizes an X-ray elemental analysis technology to analyze sandstone in a drilling and encountering reservoir, has higher Si element, lower Fe and Al element values and high combined element Si/Al value, and is used for analyzing and judging that a well track is positioned at a favorable position in the reservoir, the characteristics of the sandstone in the drilling and producing reservoir are consistent with a sand thickness model, the model is judged to be correct, and the geological guiding construction of a later horizontal section can be guided.
(7) In the horizontal section drilling construction process, when the horizontal section drills to 550 meters, the real drilling logging cuttings are non-reservoir gray mudstones, as shown in fig. 4, and fig. 4 is a JPH-428 well real drilling geosteering trajectory diagram, which does not accord with a sand thickness model and needs to be corrected. The analysis is carried out from both qualitative and quantitative aspects, and the correction and rechecking of the reservoir sandstone thickness and the structural model are carried out:
(1) the horizontal section while drilling full hydrocarbon data is between 0 and 500 meters, and the while drilling full hydrocarbon value gradually decreases, which is considered to be the transition from the favorable region to the unfavorable region of the reservoir;
(2) the sand granularity of the horizontal section real drilling reservoir is gradually reduced in the horizontal section with the sand strength of 0-500 m, the granularity is gradually changed from medium sand to fine sand, and the lithology is gradually changed from medium sand to fine sand;
(3) x-ray elemental analysis: the method comprises the steps that (1) a point A real drilling reservoir sandstone of a JPH-428 well is light gray middle sandstone, lithology element analysis and evaluation are quartz sandstone, as shown in fig. 5, a diagram of quartz sandstone is explained by a point A element analysis technology of the JPH-428 well, a point B corresponding to a target reservoir sandstone of a JPH-325 well is light gray middle sandstone, lithology element analysis data are rock debris sandstone, as shown in fig. 6, and a diagram of rock debris sandstone is explained by a point B corresponding to a target reservoir sandstone of the JPH-325 well, as shown in fig. 6;
(4) drilling mud rock and surrounding rock analysis: the top surrounding rock of the reservoir is brown mud rock, which is hard and brittle, has poor water absorption and plasticity, and the corresponding top surrounding rock of the reservoir is brown mud rock, which is hard, and has poor water absorption and plasticity, corresponding to the JPH-435 well; the JPH-428 well drills non-reservoir mudstones at the horizontal section 550m, the color is gray, the mudstones are softer, the water absorption and the plasticity are better, and the conventional analysis considers that the track does not drill through the top of the reservoir. The surrounding rock at the bottom of the corresponding reservoir of the target point B direction reference well JPH-435 is gray mudstone, the mudstone is softer, the water absorption and the plasticity are better, and the conventional analysis considers that the mudstone encountered by the bottom hole drilling of the horizontal section can be the mudstone at the bottom of the reservoir, and the well track is already in the reservoir;
(5) deposited phase rotation feature: the reverse rotation deposition characteristic of the target layer sandstone of the adjacent well brocade 112 well in the horizontal section A direction from thin to thick is changed from thin to thick, the forward rotation deposition characteristic of the target layer sandstone of the adjacent well JPH-325 well in the horizontal section B direction from thin to thick is changed from thin to thick, as shown in fig. 7, and fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the sand rotation characteristic.
(6) Rock phase characteristics: the east-west thickness of sandstone of the target layer of the adjacent well J58-5-2 well, the JPH-325 guide well and the JPH-435A well is stable, the lithology of the logging is light gray sandstone, the evaluation of all hydrocarbon while drilling is gas bearing layer, and the logging characteristics of the sandstone are similar. However, the lithology of the target layer of the JPH-435A well at the same well site is light gray middle sandstone, but the mudstone interlayer in the target layer sandstone of the JPH-435 guide well is very developed, and the granularity of the cut sandstone is finer, as shown in fig. 8, and fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the sedimentary facies characteristics.
Therefore, the same-period beach deposition along the near-east direction J58-5-2-JPH-435D-JPH-435A is judged, and the same-period beach deposition does not belong to the same-period beach deposition with the jin 112 well and the JPH-435 pilot well, so that the point A sandstone and the point B of the well JPH-428 are considered to be discontinuous sandstones, and the section of the well which is drilled at 550m in the horizontal section of the well is considered to be a lateral baffle surrounding rock after the sandstone is acuminate during drilling. The situation of the real drilling is not consistent with the geological awareness and the structural model before drilling, the target layer sandstone thickness model is timely corrected according to the new geological awareness, and the geosteering model is respectively shown in fig. 9 and 10, fig. 9 is a corrected JPH-428 well sand thickness model diagram, and fig. 10 is a corrected JPH-428 well real drilling geosteering track diagram, so that the geosteering construction of the horizontal well is guided.
(6) 600 meters to 800 meters of horizontal section, according to the sandstone thickness after correction and geosteering model, guide the geosteering construction of horizontal section, the real drilling meets sandstone, the thickness model of sand body after correction is correct, and according to the sandstone element data analysis while drilling, 600 meters to 800 meters of horizontal section bores meets sandstone and is the sandstone in light gray, but the element evaluation is the rock debris quartz sandstone, refer to FIG. 11, FIG. 11 is a JPH-428 well horizontal section element logging map, with this well A target quartz sandstone and 600 meters drilling meets quartz sandstone before the horizontal section inconsistent, further verifies the accuracy of earlier geological recognition.
In summary, the method provided by the embodiment of the application uses logging data including lithology and X-ray element logging while drilling to timely verify and correct the result of the earthquake inversion prediction reservoir target layer before drilling and during drilling, uses lithology information and X-ray element logging during drilling to analyze and evaluate the condition of the underground drilling reservoir layer in real time, and carries out timely rechecks and correction on the target layer spreading characteristics and the geosteering model according to real-time drilling condition analysis and judgment to guide the geosteering construction of a horizontal segment.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A method of geosteering a horizontal well, comprising:
basic data of adjacent wells around the horizontal well to be drilled are acquired, wherein the basic data comprise lithology data, all-hydrocarbon data, X-ray element data and orientation data;
correcting the depth of the adjacent wells from the inclined depth to vertical depth by utilizing the directional data, and comparing the target reservoirs of the adjacent wells to obtain the values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoirs of the adjacent wells and the predicted values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoirs of the horizontal wells to be drilled;
analyzing and comparing the X-ray element data, and predicting the target reservoir sandstone type and the X-ray element data response characteristics of the areas where the horizontal well to be drilled and the surrounding adjacent wells are located;
calculating the difference value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir in the adjacent well and the difference value of the predicted value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled, obtaining the reservoir thickness of each adjacent well and the horizontal well to be drilled, establishing a target reservoir thickness model, and simultaneously establishing a reservoir top construction model and a reservoir bottom construction model according to the values of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the adjacent well and the predicted value of the top depth and the bottom depth of the target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled; predicting the reservoir thickness change condition of a horizontal section and the reservoir structure change condition of the horizontal section by utilizing projections of a horizontal well track to be drilled on the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model; setting a target point on a horizontal section at intervals of preset intervals, projecting target point coordinates into the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model, acquiring reservoir top depth, reservoir bottom depth and reservoir lithology parameters at the target point, and obtaining predicted sandstone types and X-ray element data reaction characteristic predicted values of the target point according to the reservoir lithology parameters, the target reservoir sandstone types of the horizontal well to be drilled and surrounding areas where the adjacent wells are located and X-ray element data reaction characteristics;
and when the horizontal well to be drilled is constructed, drilling to the target point to acquire lithology data and all hydrocarbon data of the horizontal well to be drilled, comparing the lithology data and all hydrocarbon data of the adjacent well with the lithology data and all hydrocarbon data of the adjacent well, analyzing and judging whether the actual sandstone type of the drilling stratum is the predicted sandstone type, simultaneously obtaining an X-ray element data response characteristic actual measurement value of the sandstone by using an X-ray element analysis mode, analyzing whether the X-ray element data response characteristic actual measurement value is consistent with the X-ray element data response characteristic prediction value, and judging that the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model are correct models when the results are all positive models, and continuing to conduct horizontal well geosteering.
2. The horizontal well geosteering method of claim 1, further comprising:
and if at least one of lithology data, full hydrocarbon data and X-ray element reaction characteristic actual measurement values of rock fragments of the horizontal well to be drilled does not accord with the predicted results of the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model, analyzing reservoir sandstone change conditions according to the lithology data of the horizontal well to be drilled, updating and correcting the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model until the predicted values are matched with actual drilling results, and continuing geosteering construction according to the corrected target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top construction model and the reservoir bottom construction model.
3. The horizontal well geosteering method of claim 1, further comprising:
when a horizontal well to be drilled is constructed, if drilling meets non-reservoir mudstone, comparing and judging according to mudstone rock scraps and reservoir top and bottom mudstone of an adjacent well, analyzing the drilling meets reservoir rock scraps by utilizing an X-ray element analysis mode, quantitatively comparing analysis results with analysis results of reservoir top and bottom mudstone elements of the adjacent well before drilling, judging whether a track is a non-reservoir mudstone interlayer which is ejected out of or developed inside the drilling meets reservoir, updating and correcting the target reservoir thickness model, the reservoir top structure model and the reservoir bottom structure model according to the judging results, and continuing geosteering construction.
4. A horizontal well geosteering method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the lithology data comprises sandstone or mudstone.
5. A horizontal well geosteering method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the X-ray elemental data comprises Si, al, fe, K, na, mg, ca elemental data.
6. A horizontal well geosteering method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the orientation data comprises well depth, well deviation and azimuth data.
7. A horizontal well geosteering method as defined in any one of claims 1-3, wherein predicting a target reservoir sandstone type for an area where the horizontal well to be drilled and surrounding adjacent wells are located comprises:
predicting whether a target reservoir of the horizontal well to be drilled and surrounding areas where the adjacent wells are located is quartz sandstone, detritus quartz sandstone or feldspar sandstone.
8. A horizontal well geosteering method as defined in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the X-ray elemental data response signature comprises:
the conventional Si, al, fe, K, na, mg, ca has 7 types of element reaction characteristics and Si/Al and Fe/Al combined element reaction characteristics.
9. A horizontal well geosteering method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the predetermined interval is 50 meters, 100 meters or 150 meters.
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