CN117734527A - Battery heating parameter determining method, controller, system, vehicle and medium - Google Patents
Battery heating parameter determining method, controller, system, vehicle and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a method for determining a battery heating parameter, a method for heating a power battery, a motor controller, a power system, a vehicle, and a storage medium, the method for determining a battery heating parameter including: determining a maximum voltage amplitude and an initial voltage frequency of the target square wave voltage based on the battery terminal voltage and the maximum phase current; determining a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and determining voltage amplitude values corresponding to each voltage adjustment frequency respectively; each voltage adjusting frequency and the corresponding voltage amplitude form a parameter group of the target square wave voltage; for each parameter set, determining the heating energy which can be provided for the power battery by the target square wave voltage corresponding to the parameter set based on the heating current and the maximum motor heating duration; and determining the parameter group corresponding to the maximum heating energy as a target parameter group of the target square wave voltage based on the heating energy corresponding to each parameter group. According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the heating efficiency of the battery can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of power battery heating technology, and in particular, to a method for determining a battery heating parameter, a method for heating a power battery, a motor controller, a power system, a vehicle, and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
The power battery of the electric vehicle has poor discharge performance at low temperature, so the power battery needs to have high-efficiency low-temperature heating measures, and the power battery pack can work in a safe temperature range so as to meet the requirements of charging and discharging of the whole vehicle.
In order to reduce the cost, a pulse heating mode is generally adopted to directly heat the power battery. The square wave voltage is input to the direct shaft of the motor to generate alternating current on the direct current bus of the power battery, and ohmic heat is generated by utilizing the internal resistance of the power battery to heat the battery. However, in this heating method, how to set the amplitude of the square wave voltage to the frequency to increase the heating efficiency of the power battery is a goal of the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide at least a method of determining battery heating parameters, a method of heating a power battery, a motor controller, a power system, a vehicle, and a computer-readable storage medium.
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a method for determining battery heating parameters, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a battery terminal voltage of a power battery and a maximum phase current of a motor, and determining a maximum voltage amplitude value and an initial voltage frequency of a target square wave voltage based on the battery terminal voltage and the maximum phase current; the target square wave voltage is used for generating alternating heating current on a direct current bus of the power battery, and the heating current is used for heating the power battery;
determining a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and determining voltage amplitude values corresponding to the voltage adjustment frequencies respectively based on the corresponding relation among the preset voltage frequency, the voltage amplitude values and the phase currents; wherein each voltage adjustment frequency and corresponding voltage amplitude form a parameter set of the target square wave voltage;
for each parameter set, respectively determining the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating time length of the motor under the parameter set, and determining the heating energy which can be provided for the power battery by the target square wave voltage corresponding to the parameter set based on the heating current and the maximum motor heating time length;
And determining a parameter set corresponding to the maximum heating energy as a target parameter set of the target square wave voltage based on the heating energy corresponding to each parameter set of the target square wave voltage.
In one possible implementation manner, the determining a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule based on the initial voltage frequency includes:
determining the voltage adjustment frequencies in a sequentially increasing manner and/or a sequentially decreasing manner according to preset frequency intervals by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference;
the voltage amplitude of each voltage adjustment frequency which is determined in an incremental manner according to the preset frequency interval is the same; the voltage amplitude of each voltage adjustment frequency determined in a decreasing manner according to the preset frequency interval is sequentially decreased.
In one possible embodiment, the determining the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating time period of the motor under the parameter set respectively includes:
determining the heating current based on a proportional relationship between a square of a voltage amplitude in the parameter set and a product of a voltage frequency and a battery terminal voltage in the parameter set;
And determining the motor loss of the motor based on the parameter set, and determining the maximum motor heating duration based on the motor loss.
In one possible embodiment, the motor losses include stator losses and rotor losses, the determining the motor losses for the motor based on the set of parameters and determining the maximum motor heating duration based on the motor losses includes:
determining a stator loss and a rotor loss of the motor based on the parameter sets, determining a maximum heating duration of a stator based on the stator loss and determining a maximum heating duration of the rotor based on the rotor loss;
and determining the smaller heating duration of the maximum heating duration of the stator and the maximum heating duration of the rotor as the maximum motor heating duration.
In one possible embodiment, the determining the stator loss and the rotor loss of the motor based on the parameter sets respectively includes:
and respectively determining the stator loss and the rotor loss corresponding to the parameter set based on a preset corresponding relation between the parameter and the loss.
In one possible embodiment, the determining the maximum heating duration of the stator based on the stator loss and the determining the maximum heating duration of the rotor based on the rotor loss includes:
And respectively determining the maximum heating duration corresponding to the stator loss and the maximum heating duration corresponding to the rotor loss based on a preset corresponding relation between the loss and the time.
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a heating method of a power battery, comprising the following steps:
monitoring the temperature of a power battery, and if the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature threshold value, generating a heating control signal to an inverter; the heating control signal is used for indicating the inverter to input a target square wave voltage to a direct axis of the motor, wherein a target parameter set corresponding to the target square wave voltage is determined based on the method in any possible embodiment;
alternating pulse current is generated on a direct current bus of the power battery through the target square wave voltage so as to heat the power battery.
The disclosed embodiments provide a motor controller including:
the initial parameter determining module is used for obtaining the battery terminal voltage of the power battery and the maximum phase current of the motor, and determining the maximum voltage amplitude and the initial voltage frequency of the target square wave voltage based on the battery terminal voltage and the maximum phase current; the target square wave voltage is used for generating alternating heating current on a direct current bus of the power battery, and the heating current is used for heating the power battery;
The parameter adjustment determining module is used for determining a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and determining the voltage amplitude corresponding to each voltage adjustment frequency respectively based on the corresponding relation among the preset voltage frequency, the voltage amplitude and the phase current; wherein each voltage adjustment frequency and corresponding voltage amplitude form a parameter set of the target square wave voltage;
the heating energy determining module is used for determining the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating duration of the motor under the parameter groups respectively for each parameter group, and determining the heating energy which can be provided for the power battery by the target square wave voltage corresponding to the parameter groups based on the heating current and the maximum motor heating duration;
and the target parameter determining module is used for determining a parameter group corresponding to the maximum heating energy as a target parameter group of the target square wave voltage based on the heating energy corresponding to each parameter group of the target square wave voltage.
In one possible implementation, the parameter adjustment determining module is specifically configured to:
determining the voltage adjustment frequencies in a sequentially increasing manner and/or a sequentially decreasing manner according to preset frequency intervals by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference;
The voltage amplitude of each voltage adjustment frequency which is determined in an incremental manner according to the preset frequency interval is the same; the voltage amplitude of each voltage adjustment frequency determined in a decreasing manner according to the preset frequency interval is sequentially decreased.
In one possible embodiment, the heating energy determination module is specifically configured to:
determining the heating current based on a proportional relationship between a square of a voltage amplitude in the parameter set and a product of a voltage frequency and a battery terminal voltage in the parameter set;
and determining the motor loss of the motor based on the parameter set, and determining the maximum motor heating duration based on the motor loss.
In one possible embodiment, the motor losses include stator losses and rotor losses, and the heating energy determination module is specifically configured to:
determining a stator loss and a rotor loss of the motor based on the parameter sets, determining a maximum heating duration of a stator based on the stator loss and determining a maximum heating duration of the rotor based on the rotor loss;
and determining the smaller heating duration of the maximum heating duration of the stator and the maximum heating duration of the rotor as the maximum motor heating duration.
In one possible embodiment, the heating energy determination module is specifically configured to:
and respectively determining the stator loss and the rotor loss corresponding to the parameter set based on a preset corresponding relation between the parameter and the loss.
In one possible embodiment, the heating energy determination module is specifically configured to:
and respectively determining the maximum heating time length corresponding to the stator loss and the maximum heating time length corresponding to the rotor loss based on a preset corresponding relation between the loss and the time length.
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a power system, which comprises a power battery, an inverter, a motor and the motor controller in the embodiment, wherein the direct current side of the inverter is connected with the power battery, the alternating current side of the inverter is connected with the motor, and the power battery, the inverter and the motor are all connected with the motor controller.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a vehicle including a powertrain according to the above embodiments.
The disclosed embodiments provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method of determining a battery heating parameter or the steps of the method of heating a power battery as described in any of the possible embodiments above.
According to the method for determining the battery heating parameters, the method for heating the power battery, the motor controller, the power system, the vehicle and the computer readable storage medium, the maximum voltage amplitude and the initial voltage frequency of the target square wave voltage injected into the motor direct axis can be determined based on the battery end voltage of the power battery and the maximum phase current of the motor, then the voltage adjustment frequencies are determined based on the initial voltage frequency, the voltage amplitude corresponding to each voltage adjustment frequency is determined, wherein each voltage adjustment frequency and the corresponding voltage amplitude form one parameter set of the target square wave voltage, the parameter set with the maximum heating energy is determined to be the target parameter set of the target square wave voltage, the optimal parameter of the target square wave voltage can be determined, and further after the target square wave voltage of the target parameter set is injected into the motor direct axis, the battery heating efficiency can be maximized, and therefore the battery heating effect is improved.
The foregoing objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings required for the embodiments are briefly described below, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, these drawings showing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description serve to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure. It is to be understood that the following drawings illustrate only certain embodiments of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the person of ordinary skill in the art may admit to other equally relevant drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 illustrates a functional block diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a power system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a power cell provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart of a method of determining battery heating parameters provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of a method of heating a power cell provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 shows a functional block diagram of a motor controller provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present disclosure, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
The term "and/or" is used herein to describe only one relationship, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the term "at least one" herein means any one of a plurality or any combination of at least two of a plurality, for example, including at least one of A, B, C, and may mean including any one or more elements selected from the group consisting of A, B and C.
In the following description of the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the term "connected" is to be construed broadly, e.g., the term "connected" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral body; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
Some vehicles may currently be powered by power cells, such as power cars, electric trains, electric bicycles, and the like. However, when the ambient temperature is too low, the performance of the power battery may be affected, for example, the too low ambient temperature may inhibit the discharge capability of the power battery, resulting in a great reduction in the range of the vehicle. Therefore, in order to increase the endurance mileage of the power battery, the power battery needs to be heated when the environmental temperature is too low.
The current power battery heating modes can be divided into indirect heating and direct heating. Indirect heating refers to heating by placing a heat source outside the power battery. The indirect heating method may be air heating, liquid heating, heating film heating, or the like. The heating rate of the battery may also vary from one heating source to another. Since the heat is generated from the heat transfer medium by heating the battery by an external heat source, the efficiency of indirect heating is not high.
Direct heating refers to heating the power cell internally. The common direct heating mode is heating through internal resistance, and specifically comprises the following steps: a pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) signal is input to the control terminal of the inverter to hold the motor stationary, the power cells and stator windings forming a closed loop, the stator windings storing electrical energy. Due to the inductance characteristic of the stator winding, the stator winding provides alternating current to the battery, and the power battery is heated by utilizing the alternating current to flow through the internal resistance of the power battery. Because the internal resistance of the power battery is larger in a low-temperature environment, the heating efficiency of the power battery is higher.
The research shows that compared with the indirect heating mode, the direct heating mode is a more common heating mode due to higher heating efficiency and lower heating cost. For example, the inverter can be controlled to input square wave voltage to the direct shaft of the motor so as to generate alternating current on the direct current bus of the power battery, and ohmic heat is generated by utilizing the internal resistance of the power battery to heat the battery. However, in this heating method, how to set the amplitude of the square wave voltage to the frequency to increase the heating efficiency of the power battery is a goal of the industry.
Based on the above-mentioned study, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for determining a battery heating parameter, firstly, obtaining a battery terminal voltage of a power battery and a maximum phase current of a motor, and determining a maximum voltage amplitude and an initial voltage frequency of a target square wave voltage based on the battery terminal voltage and the maximum phase current; the target square wave voltage is used for generating alternating heating current on a direct current bus of the power battery, and the heating current is used for heating the power battery; then, determining a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and determining the voltage amplitude corresponding to each voltage adjustment frequency respectively based on the corresponding relation among the preset voltage frequency, the voltage amplitude and the phase current; wherein each voltage adjustment frequency and corresponding voltage amplitude form a parameter set of the target square wave voltage; then, for each parameter set, respectively determining the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating duration of the motor corresponding to the parameter set, and determining the heating energy provided by the target square wave voltage corresponding to the parameter set for the power battery based on the heating current and the maximum motor heating duration; and finally, based on the heating energy corresponding to each parameter group of the target square wave voltage, determining the parameter group corresponding to the maximum heating energy as a target parameter group of the target square wave voltage.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the maximum voltage amplitude and the initial voltage frequency of the target square wave voltage injected into the motor direct axis can be determined based on the battery end voltage of the power battery and the maximum phase current of the motor, then a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies are determined based on the initial voltage frequency, and the voltage amplitude corresponding to each voltage adjustment frequency is determined, wherein each voltage adjustment frequency and the corresponding voltage amplitude form a parameter set of the target square wave voltage, and thus the parameter set with the maximum heating energy is determined as the target parameter set of the target square wave voltage, the preferred parameter of the target square wave voltage can be determined, and further after the target square wave voltage of the target parameter set is injected into the direct axis of the motor, the heating efficiency of the battery can be maximized, and the heating efficiency of the battery is improved.
It will be appreciated that the above-mentioned direct axis is exemplified by a permanent magnet motor, and if the motor is an induction motor, the direct axis is corresponding to the M axis, and of course, if the motor is an induction motor, the target square wave voltage may be injected into the T axis, which is not limited specifically and may be determined according to practical requirements.
The following describes in detail a vehicle and a power system applied to the vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a vehicle 1000 includes a power system 100, wherein the power system 100 is configured to provide driving energy for the vehicle 1000. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vehicle 1000 may be an automobile powered by a power battery. Specifically, the vehicle 1000 may include a battery electric vehicle (BEV, battery Electric Vehicle), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV, hybrid Electric Vehicle), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV, plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicle), and the like, without specific limitation.
As shown in fig. 2, the power system 100 includes a power battery 10, an inverter 20, a motor 30, and a motor controller 40. The positive and negative electrodes of the power battery 10 are connected to the dc side of the inverter 20, and the ac side of the inverter 20 is connected to the stator windings of the motor 30. The power battery 10 supplies power to the motor 30 through the inverter 20. The motor controller 40 is provided with a plurality of inputs for receiving operational status data of the motor 30 and control instructions of the motor 30. The motor controller 40 generates a pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) signal according to the control command of the motor 30, the operation state data and the operation state data of the power battery 10, and controls the inverter 20 to supply voltage and current to the motor 30 to control the rotation speed of the motor 30, thereby realizing the control of the running speed of the vehicle 1000.
Referring to fig. 3, the power battery 10 includes a battery module 11 and a battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) 102. The battery module 11 is formed by connecting a plurality of unit batteries (also called battery cells) in series and parallel, and the unit batteries are core components of the power battery 10 and are sources for providing electric energy for the power battery 10. Among them, the unit cells include, but are not limited to, lead-acid cells, lithium iron phosphate cells, nickel hydrogen cells, nickel cadmium cells, and the like.
In practical applications, the number of the plurality of battery cells included in the battery module 11 may be determined according to practical requirements, for example, if a higher voltage (e.g. 800V) is to be output, a larger number of battery cells are required.
The battery management system 12 is primarily functional for charge and discharge management, high voltage control, battery status assessment, battery data collection, battery protection, and battery thermal management. Wherein the thermal management function of the battery management system 12 is used to ensure that the power cell 10 is operating within a suitable temperature range. The thermal management function is mainly to accurately measure and monitor the temperature of the battery, effectively dissipate heat when the temperature of the battery module 11 is too high, rapidly heat the battery module under the low-temperature condition, and ensure the uniform distribution of the temperature field of the battery module 11.
The inverter 20 includes power switching devices, which may be insulated gate bipolar transistors (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBTs), metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor, MOSFETs) or silicon carbide field effect transistors (Silicon Carbide Metal Oxide Semiconductor, siC MOSFETs), and the like, which are not particularly limited in this embodiment.
The electric machine 30 (commonly referred to as a "motor") is an electromagnetic device that converts or transmits electric energy according to the law of electromagnetic induction, and is electrically connected to a motor controller 40. Its main function is to generate a driving torque as a power source of the vehicle 1000. In some embodiments, the electric machine 30 may also convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, i.e., act as a generator.
The motor controller 40 is configured to control the motor 30 to operate according to the set parameters, so as to implement a running state such as a start-up operation, a forward and backward speed, a climbing force, etc. of the vehicle 1000, or assist braking of the vehicle 1000, and store part of braking energy into the power battery. In some implementations, the preset parameters may be related to one or more of a direction, a speed, an angle, a response time, etc. of the motor.
The method for determining the battery heating parameters according to the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and as shown in fig. 4, the method for determining the battery heating parameters includes the following steps S401 to S404:
s401, acquiring a battery end voltage of a power battery and a maximum phase current of a motor, and determining a maximum voltage amplitude and an initial voltage frequency of a target square wave voltage based on the battery end voltage and the maximum phase current; the target square wave voltage is used for generating alternating heating current on a direct current bus of the power battery, and the heating current is used for heating the power battery.
The battery terminal voltage of the power battery can be obtained by a voltage sensor, for example. After the motor is determined, the maximum phase current of the motor is also determined, so that after the battery terminal voltage of the power battery and the maximum phase current of the motor are obtained, the maximum voltage amplitude and the initial voltage frequency of the target square wave voltage can be determined according to the battery terminal voltage and the maximum phase current.
In some embodiments, the maximum voltage amplitude of the target square wave voltage and the initial voltage frequency may be determined based on a limitation of the injection current of the motor direct shaft and a limitation of the voltage amplitude of the target square wave voltage. For example, the constraints may be: id Is less than or equal to Is,
Where Id Is the motor direct current, is the maximum phase current of the motor, ud Is the voltage amplitude of the target square wave voltage, and Udc Is the battery terminal voltage.
In addition, since the motor direct-axis current Id, the voltage amplitude Ud of the target square-wave voltage, and the frequency f of the target square-wave voltage also satisfy the following formula (1):
Id＝Ud/(4*f*Ld) (1)
wherein Ld is the inductance of the motor, and therefore, the maximum voltage amplitude and the initial voltage frequency of the target square wave voltage can be determined according to the formula (1) and the above-mentioned limiting conditions. The initial voltage frequency is the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the motor direct-axis current Id and the maximum value of the voltage amplitude Ud of the target square wave voltage.
According to the above-mentioned direct battery heating principle, after the target square wave voltage is injected into the direct axis of the motor, alternating heating current can be generated on the direct current bus of the power battery, so that the power battery can be heated by the heat generated by the ohmic internal resistance of the battery.
S402, determining a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and determining voltage amplitude values corresponding to the voltage adjustment frequencies respectively based on the corresponding relation among the preset voltage frequency, the voltage amplitude values and the phase currents; wherein each of the voltage adjustment frequencies and corresponding voltage magnitudes form a set of parameters of the target square wave voltage.
For example, since the initial voltage frequency is a frequency corresponding to when the motor direct-axis current Id is a maximum value and the voltage amplitude Ud is a maximum value, the frequency may be adjusted according to a preset rule. Specifically, the plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies may be determined in a sequentially increasing manner and/or a sequentially decreasing manner at preset frequency intervals, respectively, with the initial voltage frequency as a reference. For example, the preset frequency interval may be 50HZ, so that a plurality of adjustment voltage frequencies may be obtained in an increasing and/or decreasing manner with reference to the initial voltage frequency, respectively. In other embodiments, the preset frequency interval may also be other values, which may be specifically determined according to actual requirements, and is not specifically limited herein.
In the specific implementation, a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies can be obtained in a mode of sequentially increasing by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and each obtained voltage adjustment frequency is larger than the initial voltage frequency; the initial voltage frequency is used as a reference to be sequentially reduced to obtain a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies, and each obtained voltage adjustment frequency is smaller than the initial voltage frequency; a part of the voltage adjustment frequency may be obtained by increasing the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and another part of the voltage adjustment frequency may be obtained by decreasing the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and is not particularly limited.
According to the relation expressed by the above formula (1), if each voltage adjustment frequency is determined in an incremental manner according to the preset frequency interval, since the voltage amplitude Ud cannot be increased any more, at this time, the voltage amplitudes of each voltage adjustment frequency are the same and Ud (maximum amplitude), and the motor direct current Id corresponding to different voltage adjustment frequencies is different, and as the voltage frequency f increases, the motor direct current Id gradually decreases; if the voltage adjustment frequencies are determined in a decreasing manner according to the preset frequency interval, the voltage amplitude can only be correspondingly reduced because the motor direct-axis current Id will not be increased continuously.
Accordingly, in some embodiments, when determining a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule with reference to the initial voltage frequency, it may include: and determining the voltage adjustment frequencies according to preset frequency intervals in a sequentially increasing mode and/or a sequentially decreasing mode by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference. The voltage amplitude of each voltage adjustment frequency which is determined in an incremental manner according to the preset frequency interval is the same; the voltage amplitude of each voltage adjustment frequency determined in a decreasing manner according to the preset frequency interval is sequentially decreased.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, since the voltage amplitude corresponding to each voltage adjustment frequency is determined according to the correspondence between the voltage frequency, the voltage amplitude and the phase current which are preset, the determined voltage adjustment frequencies and the voltage amplitudes corresponding to each voltage adjustment frequency can meet the preset requirements, and the occurrence of the condition that the determined data are not applicable can be avoided.
S403, for each parameter set, determining the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating time of the motor under the parameter set, and determining the heating energy provided by the power battery for the target square wave voltage corresponding to the parameter set based on the heating current and the maximum motor heating time.
It will be appreciated that in the above steps, each voltage adjustment frequency and corresponding voltage amplitude form a set of parameter sets, such that the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating duration of the motor under the parameter sets may be determined separately for each parameter set.
In some embodiments, when determining the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating period of the motor under the parameter set, respectively, the following (a) to (b) may be included:
(a) Determining the heating current based on a proportional relationship between a square of a voltage amplitude in the parameter set and a product of a voltage frequency and a battery terminal voltage in the parameter set;
(b) And determining the motor loss of the motor based on the parameter set, and determining the maximum motor heating duration based on the motor loss.
For example, the heating current of the power cell may be determined according to the following formula (2).
Idc＝Ud 2 /(4*f*Ld*Udc) (2)
Where Idc is the heating current of the power battery, ud is the voltage amplitude of the target square wave voltage, f is the voltage frequency of the target square wave voltage, ld is the inductance of the motor, and Udc is the battery terminal voltage of the power battery.
It will be appreciated that after the motor is determined, the inductance Ld of the motor is determined (as a constant value), and the voltage amplitude Ud, the battery terminal voltage Udc, and the voltage adjustment frequency f are all known, and then the parameters are substituted into the formula (2), so that the heating current Idc of the power battery can be determined.
In addition, when the power battery is pulsed, the stator and the rotor generate heat due to loss caused by the high-frequency alternating current passing through the three-phase inductance of the motor, and the temperature of the stator and the rotor increases. For example, since the rotor is kept stationary, a large amount of eddy currents are induced in the rotor, eddy current loss of the rotor causes the temperature of the rotor to increase, and when the temperature of the permanent magnets of the rotor exceeds a critical temperature, the permanent magnets of the rotor undergo irreversible demagnetization, which affects normal use of the motor. Therefore, it is necessary to control the heating time period of the motor so as not to damage the stator or the rotor due to over-temperature.
The motor loss generally comprises stator loss and rotor loss, and the stator loss specifically comprises stator winding copper loss and stator iron loss; the rotor loss specifically includes rotor core loss and magnetic steel eddy current loss.
Specifically, when determining the motor loss of the motor based on the parameter set and determining the maximum motor heating period based on the motor loss, the following (I) to (II) may be included:
(I) Determining a stator loss and a rotor loss of the motor based on the parameter sets, determining a maximum heating duration of a stator based on the stator loss and determining a maximum heating duration of the rotor based on the rotor loss;
(II) determining the smaller of the maximum heating period of the stator and the maximum heating period of the rotor as the maximum motor heating period.
It will be appreciated that for each set of parameters of the target square wave voltage, the stator loss and rotor loss for each set of parameters may be determined separately. For the motor, for example, square wave voltages with different parameters can be injected into a direct axis of the motor in advance, stator loss and rotor loss corresponding to the different parameters can be recorded, and then a corresponding relation between the parameters and the losses can be obtained.
For example, the stator winding copper loss comprises stator winding direct current copper loss and stator winding additional copper loss, and simulation experiments can prove that when the power battery is subjected to pulse heating, the lower the frequency of the injected square wave voltage is under the condition that the current of the motor phase is determined, the stator winding direct current copper loss of the motor is unchanged, and the stator winding additional copper loss is reduced to a certain extent. The stator core loss comprises hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and additional loss, the magnetic field strength is basically kept unchanged under the condition of determining the phase current, and the lower the injection frequency is, the stator core loss is reduced to a certain extent.
Similarly, the iron loss of the rotor is reduced along with the reduction of the injection frequency, the loss of the magnetic steel is in direct proportion to the square of the injection frequency, and the loss of the magnetic steel is obviously reduced along with the reduction of the injection frequency.
In addition, the loss of the motor is represented by the temperature rise of the stator and the rotor of the motor, and after the stator loss and the rotor loss are determined, the maximum heating time periods corresponding to the stator and the rotor respectively under different losses can be determined according to the temperature thresholds corresponding to the stator and the rotor respectively. Therefore, the heating time length relation corresponding to different loss can be obtained through simulation experiments, and therefore, in actual application, the maximum heating time length corresponding to the stator loss and the maximum heating time length corresponding to the rotor loss can be respectively determined based on the preset corresponding relation between the loss and the time length, and further, the determination efficiency of the heating time length can be improved, and meanwhile, the performance requirement on hardware calculation force can be reduced.
It will be appreciated that since the stator and rotor of the motor are co-operating, rather than independently operating, the motor will need to be deactivated whenever one of them reaches a preset temperature threshold, so as to avoid damage to either the stator or rotor which would affect the service life of the motor, and therefore the smaller of the maximum heating duration of the stator and the maximum heating duration of the rotor will need to be determined as the maximum motor heating duration.
After the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating time are determined, the target square wave voltage corresponding to the parameter set can be determined to be the heating energy provided for the power battery. For example, the heating energy may be determined based on the following formula (3):
Q＝Idc 2 *t (3)
wherein Q is heating energy, idc is heating current of the power battery, and t is maximum motor heating time.
S404, determining a parameter set corresponding to the maximum heating energy as a target parameter set of the target square wave voltage based on the heating energy corresponding to each parameter set of the target square wave voltage.
After the heating energy corresponding to each parameter group of the target square wave voltage is obtained, the parameter group corresponding to the maximum heating energy can be determined to be the target parameter group of the target square wave voltage, so that pulse heating of the power battery can be realized after the target square wave voltage of the target parameter group is injected into the d axis of the motor, and the heating efficiency of the power battery can be improved.
Referring to fig. 5, a flowchart of a heating method of a power battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided, and as shown in fig. 5, the method includes:
s501, monitoring the temperature of a power battery, and if the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature threshold value, generating a heating control signal to an inverter; the heating control signal is used for indicating the inverter to input a target square wave voltage to the direct axis of the motor, wherein a target parameter set corresponding to the target square wave voltage is determined based on the method for determining the battery heating parameters described in the above embodiment.
S502, alternating pulse current is generated on a direct current bus of the power battery through the target square wave voltage so as to heat the power battery.
In an actual application process, the temperature of the power battery may be monitored by the temperature sensor, if the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature threshold, a heating control signal is generated to the inverter to instruct the inverter to input a target square wave voltage to the direct axis of the motor, and a target parameter set (voltage amplitude and voltage frequency) corresponding to the target square wave voltage is determined based on the method for determining the battery heating parameter described in the above embodiment, so that the heating effect of the power battery can be improved while the heating of the power battery is achieved.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the above-described method of the specific embodiments, the written order of steps is not meant to imply a strict order of execution but rather should be construed according to the function and possibly inherent logic of the steps.
Referring to fig. 6, a functional block diagram of a motor controller 40 is provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure. The motor controller 40 includes:
an initial parameter determining module 41, configured to obtain a battery terminal voltage of a power battery and a maximum phase current of a motor, and determine a maximum voltage amplitude and an initial voltage frequency of a target square wave voltage based on the battery terminal voltage and the maximum phase current; the target square wave voltage is used for generating alternating heating current on a direct current bus of the power battery, and the heating current is used for heating the power battery;
a parameter adjustment determining module 42, configured to determine a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule with the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and determine a voltage amplitude corresponding to each of the voltage adjustment frequencies based on a corresponding relationship among the preset voltage frequency, the voltage amplitude, and the phase current; wherein each voltage adjustment frequency and corresponding voltage amplitude form a parameter set of the target square wave voltage;
A heating energy determining module 43, configured to determine, for each parameter set, a heating current of the power battery and a maximum motor heating duration of the motor under the parameter set, and determine, based on the heating current and the maximum motor heating duration, heating energy that can be provided for the power battery by a target square wave voltage corresponding to the parameter set;
the target parameter determining module 44 is configured to determine, based on the heating energies corresponding to the respective parameters of the target square wave voltage, a parameter set corresponding to the maximum heating energy as a target parameter set of the target square wave voltage.
In one possible implementation, the parameter adjustment determination module 42 is specifically configured to:
determining the voltage adjustment frequencies in a sequentially increasing manner and/or a sequentially decreasing manner according to preset frequency intervals by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference;
the voltage amplitude of each voltage adjustment frequency which is determined in an incremental manner according to the preset frequency interval is the same; the voltage amplitude of each voltage adjustment frequency determined in a decreasing manner according to the preset frequency interval is sequentially decreased.
In one possible embodiment, the heating energy determining module 43 is specifically configured to:
Determining the heating current based on a proportional relationship between a square of a voltage amplitude in the parameter set and a product of a voltage frequency and a battery terminal voltage in the parameter set;
and determining the motor loss of the motor based on the parameter set, and determining the maximum motor heating duration based on the motor loss.
In one possible embodiment, the motor loss includes a stator loss and a rotor loss, and the heating energy determining module 43 is specifically configured to:
determining a stator loss and a rotor loss of the motor based on the parameter sets, determining a maximum heating duration of a stator based on the stator loss and determining a maximum heating duration of the rotor based on the rotor loss;
and determining the smaller heating duration of the maximum heating duration of the stator and the maximum heating duration of the rotor as the maximum motor heating duration.
In one possible embodiment, the heating energy determining module 43 is specifically configured to:
and respectively determining the stator loss and the rotor loss corresponding to the parameter set based on a preset corresponding relation between the parameter and the loss.
In one possible embodiment, the heating energy determining module 43 is specifically configured to:
And respectively determining the maximum heating time length corresponding to the stator loss and the maximum heating time length corresponding to the rotor loss based on a preset corresponding relation between the loss and the time length.
The process flow of each module in the apparatus and the interaction flow between the modules may be described with reference to the related descriptions in the above method embodiments, which are not described in detail herein.
The disclosed embodiments also provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the power cell heating method in the method embodiments described above.
The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program/instruction, and when the computer program/instruction processor is executed, implements a method for heating a power battery provided in each embodiment of the present disclosure, and specifically, reference may be made to the foregoing method embodiments, which are not described herein again.
Wherein the above-mentioned computer program product may be realized in particular by means of hardware, software or a combination thereof. In an alternative embodiment, the computer program product is embodied as a computer storage medium, and in another alternative embodiment, the computer program product is embodied as a software product, such as a software development kit (Software Development Kit, SDK), or the like.
The methods in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are downloaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described herein is performed, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user device, a core network device, an OAM, or other programmable apparatus.
The computer program or instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer program or instructions may be transmitted from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wired or wireless means. The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that integrates one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium, e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, tape; but also optical media such as digital video discs; but also semiconductor media such as solid state disks. The computer readable storage medium may be volatile or nonvolatile storage medium, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile types of storage medium.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described system and apparatus may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not described herein again. In the several embodiments provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners. The above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be other manners of division in actual implementation, and for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some communication interface, device or unit indirect coupling or communication connection, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present disclosure may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium executable by a processor. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present disclosure may be embodied in essence or a part contributing to the prior art or a part of the technical solution, or in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, etc.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing examples are merely specific embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that while the foregoing examples are described in detail, it is not limited to the disclosure: any person skilled in the art, within the technical scope of the disclosure of the present disclosure, may modify or easily conceive changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features thereof; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the disclosure, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (11)
1. A method for determining a heating parameter of a battery, comprising:
acquiring a battery terminal voltage of a power battery and a maximum phase current of a motor, and determining a maximum voltage amplitude value and an initial voltage frequency of a target square wave voltage based on the battery terminal voltage and the maximum phase current; the target square wave voltage is used for generating alternating heating current on a direct current bus of the power battery, and the heating current is used for heating the power battery;
determining a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and determining voltage amplitude values corresponding to the voltage adjustment frequencies respectively based on the corresponding relation among the preset voltage frequency, the voltage amplitude values and the phase currents; wherein each voltage adjustment frequency and corresponding voltage amplitude form a parameter set of the target square wave voltage;
for each parameter set, respectively determining the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating time length of the motor under the parameter set, and determining the heating energy which can be provided for the power battery by the target square wave voltage corresponding to the parameter set based on the heating current and the maximum motor heating time length;
And determining a parameter set corresponding to the maximum heating energy as a target parameter set of the target square wave voltage based on the heating energy corresponding to each parameter set of the target square wave voltage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule with reference to the initial voltage frequency comprises:
determining the voltage adjustment frequencies in a sequentially increasing manner and/or a sequentially decreasing manner according to preset frequency intervals by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference;
the voltage amplitude of each voltage adjustment frequency which is determined in an incremental manner according to the preset frequency interval is the same; the voltage amplitude of each voltage adjustment frequency determined in a decreasing manner according to the preset frequency interval is sequentially decreased.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating duration of the motor at the parameter set, respectively, comprises:
determining the heating current based on a proportional relationship between a square of a voltage amplitude in the parameter set and a product of a voltage frequency and a battery terminal voltage in the parameter set;
And determining the motor loss of the motor based on the parameter set, and determining the maximum motor heating duration based on the motor loss.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the motor losses include stator losses and rotor losses, the determining the motor losses for the motor based on the set of parameters, and the determining the maximum motor heating duration based on the motor losses, comprises:
determining a stator loss and a rotor loss of the motor based on the parameter sets, determining a maximum heating duration of a stator based on the stator loss and determining a maximum heating duration of the rotor based on the rotor loss;
and determining the smaller heating duration of the maximum heating duration of the stator and the maximum heating duration of the rotor as the maximum motor heating duration.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining stator losses and rotor losses of the electric machine based on the parameter sets, respectively, comprises:
and respectively determining the stator loss and the rotor loss corresponding to the parameter set based on a preset corresponding relation between the parameter and the loss.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining a maximum heating duration of a stator based on the stator losses and determining a maximum heating duration of the rotor based on the rotor losses comprises:
And respectively determining the maximum heating time length corresponding to the stator loss and the maximum heating time length corresponding to the rotor loss based on a preset corresponding relation between the loss and the time length.
7. A method of heating a power cell, comprising:
monitoring the temperature of a power battery, and if the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature threshold value, generating a heating control signal to an inverter; the heating control signal is used for indicating the inverter to input a target square wave voltage to a direct axis of the motor, wherein a target parameter set corresponding to the target square wave voltage is determined based on the method of any one of claims 1-6;
alternating pulse current is generated on a direct current bus of the power battery through the target square wave voltage so as to heat the power battery.
8. A motor controller, comprising:
the initial parameter determining module is used for obtaining the battery terminal voltage of the power battery and the maximum phase current of the motor, and determining the maximum voltage amplitude and the initial voltage frequency of the target square wave voltage based on the battery terminal voltage and the maximum phase current; the target square wave voltage is used for generating alternating heating current on a direct current bus of the power battery, and the heating current is used for heating the power battery;
The parameter adjustment determining module is used for determining a plurality of voltage adjustment frequencies according to a preset rule by taking the initial voltage frequency as a reference, and determining the voltage amplitude corresponding to each voltage adjustment frequency respectively based on the corresponding relation among the preset voltage frequency, the voltage amplitude and the phase current; wherein each voltage adjustment frequency and corresponding voltage amplitude form a parameter set of the target square wave voltage;
the heating energy determining module is used for determining the heating current of the power battery and the maximum motor heating duration of the motor under the parameter groups respectively for each parameter group, and determining the heating energy which can be provided for the power battery by the target square wave voltage corresponding to the parameter groups based on the heating current and the maximum motor heating duration;
and the target parameter determining module is used for determining a parameter group corresponding to the maximum heating energy as a target parameter group of the target square wave voltage based on the heating energy corresponding to each parameter group of the target square wave voltage.
9. A power system, comprising a power battery, an inverter, a motor and the motor controller of claim 8, wherein the dc side of the inverter is connected to the power battery, the ac side of the inverter is connected to the motor, and the power battery, the inverter and the motor are all connected to the motor controller.
10. A vehicle comprising the power system according to claim 9.
11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the method of determining the battery heating parameter according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the method of heating the power battery according to claim 7.
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