CN117733747A - Grinding wheel applied to ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate and preparation method - Google Patents
Grinding wheel applied to ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grinding wheel applied to a ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the grinding wheel comprises 3-5% of diamond powder, 10-15% of copper powder, 3-5% of tin powder and 65-85% of framework material powder; the mass ratio of the diamond powder to the framework material powder is 1 (15-22); the framework material powder comprises high-entropy alloy powder, electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder; the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing high-entropy alloy powder, preparing framework material powder, preparing mixed powder, prepressing and forming, and performing plasma sintering; the invention optimizes the component proportion of the diamond-impregnated wheel, introduces high-entropy alloy powder as a main framework material, combines the optimization of the preparation process, and ensures that the performance of the prepared diamond-impregnated wheel product can reach 120HRB in terms of hardness, bending strength and compactness; the highest bending strength can reach 1800MPa, the compactness can reach 98.5g/ml, and the performance of the diamond grinding wheel is far superior to that of a diamond grinding wheel prepared from common iron-based prealloy powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic tile processing, in particular to a grinding wheel applied to a ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Ceramic middle plate, typically refers to a ceramic plate with a product thickness of 7.3mm-8mm, between the thin plate and the conventional product, in a specification of 300 x 600mm or 400 x 800 mm. The water absorption is between the low-absorption polished tile and the high-absorption ceramic tile. The ceramic middle plate has the greatest advantages that the ceramic middle plate can be put on the wall for paving, the integrity of the space effect is more obvious, and the ceramic middle plate is put on the wall. In the aspect of decoration, the moderate thickness of the ceramic middle plate not only has the whole decoration effect, but also can be laid on the wall, thereby greatly enhancing the integrity of the space effect and being easier to show brand individuality. Compared with the ceramic thin plate, the ceramic middle plate has harder hardness, can adapt to the traditional cement mortar paving mode, can avoid the defect that the thin plate is too soft and is paved by tile glue in the common master paving process, and has excellent performance in the aspects of coping with abrasion, scraping and pressure.
The existing ceramic middle plate has the following processing problems: the ceramic middle plate has high hardness, high brittleness, thin thickness and high linear speed, and especially some ceramic middle plates with low water absorption rate are easy to produce the conditions of corner collapse, bottom collapse and edge collapse in the processing process, and the ceramic middle plate has high sharpness requirement, short service life and low industry unit price, so that the ceramic middle plate is a difficult problem of a grinding tool manufacturer.
Therefore, there is a need to further develop a grinding wheel for a high-performance ceramic middle plate with high hardness, high wear resistance, and both sharpness and life, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a grinding wheel applied to a ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate, and the performance of the diamond grinding wheel product prepared by the invention can reach 120HRB in terms of hardness, bending strength and compactness; the highest bending strength can reach 1800MPa, the compactness can reach 98.5g/ml, and the performance of the diamond grinding wheel is far superior to that of a diamond grinding wheel prepared from common iron-based prealloy powder.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a grinding wheel for a ceramic middle plate with low water absorption,
one of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following scheme:
the grinding wheel for the ceramic middle plate with low water absorption is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 3-5% of diamond powder, 10-15% of copper powder, 3-5% of tin powder and 65-85% of framework material powder; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;
the mass ratio of the diamond powder to the framework material powder is 1 (15-22);
the framework material powder is prepared from high-entropy alloy powder, electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder prepared by an electric explosion method, wherein the mass ratio of the powder to the powder is (8-10), the mass ratio of the powder to the powder is (3-6), and the mass ratio of the powder to the powder is (2-3).
Further, the high-entropy alloy powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20% of Co powder, 15-20% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Ni powder, 10-20% of Cu powder, 15-25% of Fe powder and 8-10% of Al powder; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Further, in the high-entropy alloy raw material, the mass ratio of Co powder to Cr powder to Ni powder to Cu powder to Fe powder to Al powder is (4-6) to (5-7) to (5-6) to (5-7) to (2-3).
Further, the mass ratio of the diamond powder to the high-entropy alloy powder is (1.6-2) to (24-25).
Further, the granularity of the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder is 6-12 mu m, and the median diameter granularity of the CuSn alloy powder is 50-80nm.
Further, the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder is selected from electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder with the brand of X6-621 of Taihe Huijin company.
Further, the CuSn powder is CuSn10 alloy powder prepared by a Ningbo Luo Fei nanometer electric explosion method.
Further, the granularity of the diamond powder is 200-355 mu m, and the purity of the diamond is 99.5%; the mesh numbers of the copper powder and the tin powder are respectively 300-400 meshes.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the grinding wheel applied to the ceramic middle plate with low water absorption comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of high-entropy alloy powder
Respectively weighing Co powder, cr powder, ni powder, cu powder, fe powder and Al powder according to the formula, putting the weighed raw materials and WC balls into a WC tank, then filling argon, sealing the tank body, then putting into a planetary ball milling device, setting the rotating speed of the ball milling device to 300rpm, and performing ball milling for 8-10 hours to prepare high-entropy alloy powder;
step 2: preparation of framework material powder
Placing the high-entropy alloy powder prepared in the step 1, the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and the CuSn alloy powder into a planetary ball milling device, and setting a ball-to-material ratio of 10 by using WC balls: 1, ball milling for 2-3 hours to obtain the framework material powder;
step 3: preparation of mixed powders
Uniformly mixing the framework material powder prepared in the step 2 with diamond powder, copper powder and tin powder by adopting a three-dimensional mixer to obtain mixed powder;
step 4: prepressing forming
Placing the mixed powder obtained in the step 3 into a prepared graphite die, and prepressing and forming by adopting an oil press, wherein the pressure of the oil press is 10MPa, and the pressing time is 5min;
step 5: plasma sintering
And (3) placing the pressed product after the pre-pressing molding in the step (4) into discharge plasma sintering equipment, vacuumizing, filling inert gas, performing vacuum sintering at the temperature of 820-860 ℃ and the pressure of 30-40 MPa, preserving the temperature for 4-5 min, taking out, cooling, and polishing to obtain the grinding wheel applied to the ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate.
Further, in the step 1, the ball-to-material ratio of the planetary ball-milling device is set to be 15:1, the granularity of the prepared high-entropy alloy powder is 12-16nm.
Further, in the step 3, the rotation speed of the three-dimensional mixer is set to 400rpm, and the mixing duration is set to 3h.
Further, in the step 5, the vacuum degree of the plasma sintering device is 3.3 x 10-2; the temperature rising rate is 20-25 ℃/min, the pressure is 40MPa, and the heat preservation time is 4min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least the following aspects are:
1. the invention selects nano-level high-entropy alloy powder, superfine electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder to prepare the framework material according to a specific proportion, replaces the traditional prealloy powder taking Fe as a framework, and reduces the problems that the traditional iron-based alloy powder is difficult to cold press and mold, the comprehensive performance of the prepared diamond grinding wheel is influenced and the like; in the process of preparing a framework material by nano-level high-entropy alloy powder and superfine electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder in a specific proportion in a mechanical alloying way, some atoms such as copper and tin in the superfine powder can be diffused into the high-entropy alloy powder in the ball milling and sintering processes, better lattice distortion can be obtained in the diffusion process, the crystal structure of the alloy can be changed, the better lattice distortion and metal diffusion can enable the alloy to have better hardness and softness balance, and more bonding sites are provided for the bonding of diamond, so that the mechanical bonding strength with diamond is improved;
in addition, elements with affinity to diamond, such as Cr, ni and the like, are introduced in the selection of the high-entropy alloy powder raw material, the proportion, the particle size and the distribution uniformity of the elements are reasonably designed, the microstructure of the alloy powder is further optimized, an interface phase more suitable for being combined with the diamond is formed, and the combination property with the diamond is further improved;
on the other hand, the formula of the high-entropy alloy powder is optimized, the proportion of the high-entropy alloy powder to the superfine electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and the superfine electrolytic CuSn alloy powder is optimized, the prepared framework material powder is easier to form, and the nano crystal phase and the amorphous phase in the framework material powder can play a role in solid solution strengthening, so that the overall performance of a sintered product is ensured;
2. the invention optimizes the grain size of diamond and the proportion of the diamond and the superfine electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder which are prepared into framework materials in a mechanical alloying way according to a specific proportion, ensures that the diamond is uniformly distributed in the framework material powder, can realize more uniform grain distribution, improves the hardness of the grinding wheel, improves the wear resistance of the grinding wheel, and is more suitable for high-strength processes such as grinding, cutting and the like; through a proper mechanical alloying process, stronger interface bonding is formed between diamond, high-entropy alloy powder and electrolytic alloy powder, so that the cutting performance of the grinding wheel is improved, the machining operations such as cutting, grinding and the like can be effectively performed, and the machining efficiency is improved; the diamond grinding wheel with high temperature hardness, high wear resistance, high cutting speed and precision and excellent performances such as high toughness can be obtained by comprehensively considering the diamond granularity, the mechanical alloying proportion of the high-entropy alloy and the electrolytic alloy, and optimizing the overall performance of the grinding wheel, including comprehensive improvement in the aspects of hardness, wear resistance, strength, heat resistance and the like, and breaking through the bottleneck.
3. The optimization and preparation method of the diamond grinding wheel component formula of the invention complement each other, the mixed powder is put into a prepared graphite mould, and is pre-pressed and molded by an oil press, and then is put into an instrument cavity of discharge plasma for vacuum sintering, the pre-pressing and molding can lead high-entropy alloy powder, feCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder to form a uniform framework structure, and the framework structure provides a stable supporting basis in the subsequent plasma sintering, thereby being beneficial to forming uniform diamond distribution;
further, such treatment can increase the density of the powder, reduce the porosity, and thereby increase the overall density of the grinding wheel; providing a more stable material base for the subsequent plasma sintering; the spark plasma sintering can enable ions to diffuse at a high speed, so that in the plasma sintering process, a more stable framework structure is formed after diffusion is completed, and a more uniform and compact grinding wheel structure is formed;
on the other hand, the method is also beneficial to reducing the growth of crystal grains and preventing the crystal grains from being oversized, thereby maintaining the size of diamond particles and improving the hardness, grinding performance, strength, toughness, wear resistance and the like of the diamond;
the performance of the diamond grinding wheel product prepared by the invention can reach 120HRB in terms of hardness, bending strength and compactness; the highest bending strength can reach 1800MPa, the compactness can reach 98.5g/ml, and the performance of the diamond grinding wheel is far superior to that of a diamond grinding wheel prepared from common iron-based prealloy powder.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, on the premise of no conflict, new embodiments may be formed by any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are by weight, and the equipment, materials, etc. used are commercially available or are conventional in the art. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides a grinding wheel applied to a ceramic middle plate with low water absorption, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 3-5% of diamond powder, 10-15% of copper powder, 3-5% of tin powder and 65-85% of framework material powder; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;
the mass ratio of the diamond powder to the framework material powder is 1 (15-22);
the framework material powder is prepared from high-entropy alloy powder (8-10), electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder (3-6) and CuSn alloy powder (2-3) in a mass ratio.
Preferably, the high-entropy alloy powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20% of Co powder, 15-20% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Ni powder, 10-20% of Cu powder, 15-25% of Fe powder and 8-10% of Al powder; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Preferably, in the high-entropy alloy raw material, the mass ratio of Co powder, cr powder, ni powder, cu powder, fe powder and Al powder is (4-6): (5-7): (5-7): (4-6): (5-7): (2-3).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the diamond powder to the high-entropy alloy powder is (1.6-2): 24-25.
Preferably, the particle size of the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder is 6-12 mu m, and the particle size of the CuSn alloy powder is 50-80nm.
Preferably, the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder is an electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder with the trademark of X6-621, which is purchased from Taihe Huijin Co.
Preferably, the CuSn powder is CuSn10 alloy powder prepared by a Ningbo Luo Fei nanometer electric explosion method.
Preferably, the particle size of the diamond powder is 200-355 μm, and the purity of the diamond is 99.5%; the mesh numbers of the copper powder and the tin powder are respectively 300-400 meshes.
The preparation method and the component proportion analysis are as follows:
in the above-described component formulation of the present invention, the high-entropy alloy component is characterized in that it has four core effects: the high-entropy alloy effect, the slow co-diffusion effect, the serious lattice distortion effect and the cocktail effect enable the high-entropy alloy to obtain a simple solid solution structure, are beneficial to the formation of nano phases or amorphous phases, and can obtain excellent performances different from the traditional alloy through proper alloy formula design. Such as good high temperature hardness, good wear resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, high resistivity, etc. The invention utilizes the excellent performance of the high-entropy alloy, can reduce the sintering temperature, can inhibit the growth of ceramic grains, and has good wettability to ceramics.
The high-entropy alloy generally containing some principal elements such as Cu, ti, cr, co has better corrosion resistance, and the characteristics of the high-entropy alloy such as a special simple structure and low free enthalpy can increase the corrosion resistance of the alloy, so the high-entropy alloy has extremely strong corrosion resistance.
The electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder is selected to be used in the preparation of the diamond grinding wheel, so that partial tin powder can be replaced, the production cost is reduced, the outflow of elemental tin is effectively reduced, the sintering temperature of a matrix is improved, and the product formability is good; the CuSn alloy powder with higher mechanical strength and hardness, good casting performance and processing performance, corrosion resistance and good bearing performance is selected, and the performance of the matrix alloy and the stability of the sintering process are improved by adding the copper-tin intermediate alloy; the invention selects nano-level high-entropy alloy powder, superfine electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder to prepare a framework material taking the high-entropy alloy powder as a main body according to a specific proportion, replaces the traditional prealloy powder taking Fe as a framework, and reduces the problems that the traditional iron-based alloy powder is difficult to cold press and mold, the comprehensive performance of the prepared diamond grinding wheel is influenced and the like; in the process of preparing a framework material by nano-level high-entropy alloy powder, superfine electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder in a specific proportion in a mechanical alloying way, some atoms such as copper and tin in the superfine electrolytic powder can diffuse into the high-entropy alloy powder, the nano-level high-entropy alloy powder is beneficial to improving the surface area and promoting diffusion reaction, better lattice distortion can be obtained in the diffusion process of the nano-level high-entropy alloy powder, the change of the crystal structure of the alloy can be caused, the better lattice distortion and metal diffusion can lead the alloy to have better hardness balance, and more binding sites are provided for the binding of diamond, so that the mechanical binding strength with diamond is improved;
the applicant finds through experiments that elements with affinity to diamond, such as Cr, ni and the like, are introduced into the high-entropy alloy powder raw material selection, the mass ratio of the elements is improved, the particle size and the distribution uniformity are optimized, the microstructure of the alloy powder is further optimized, an interface phase more suitable for being combined with the diamond is formed, and the combination property with the diamond can be further improved; elements such as Cr, ni and the like, particularly Ni play a role in catalysis in the nucleation and growth processes of diamond, and are favorable for forming uniform and firm bonding of diamond particles on a metal matrix, and the Ni has good adhesiveness, so that the diamond particles and an alloy matrix are favorable for forming firm bonding.
On the other hand, the formula of the high-entropy alloy powder is optimized, the proportion of the high-entropy alloy powder to the superfine electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and the superfine electrolytic CuSn alloy powder is optimized, the prepared framework material powder is easier to form, the nano crystal phase and the amorphous phase can play a role in solid solution strengthening, and the overall performance of the sintered product is ensured.
The applicant finds through a great deal of experiments that when the proportion of diamond to framework material powder is 1:20 and the proportion of high-entropy alloy powder in the framework material powder to electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder is 5:2:1, the mechanical bonding strength of the high-entropy alloy powder to diamond is highest, more uniform particle distribution is realized, stronger interface bonding is formed between the high-entropy alloy powder and the framework material powder, the hardness of the grinding wheel is improved, the wear resistance of the grinding wheel is improved, and the high-strength grinding wheel is more suitable for high-strength processes such as grinding, cutting and the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the grinding wheel applied to the ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of high-entropy alloy powder
Respectively weighing Co powder, cr powder, ni powder, cu powder, fe powder and Al powder according to the formula, putting the weighed raw materials and WC balls into a WC tank, then filling argon, sealing the tank body, then putting into a planetary ball milling device, setting the rotating speed of the ball milling device to 300rpm, and performing ball milling for 8-10 hours to prepare high-entropy alloy powder;
step 2: preparation of framework material powder
Placing the high-entropy alloy powder prepared in the step 1, the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and the CuSn alloy powder into a planetary ball milling device, and setting a ball-to-material ratio of 10 by using WC balls: 1, ball milling for 2-3 hours to obtain the framework material powder;
step 3: preparation of mixed powders
Uniformly mixing the framework material powder prepared in the step 2 with diamond powder, copper powder and tin powder by adopting a three-dimensional mixer to obtain mixed powder;
step 4: prepressing forming
Placing the mixed powder obtained in the step 3 into a prepared graphite die, and prepressing and forming by adopting an oil press, wherein the pressure of the oil press is 10MPa, and the pressing time is 5min;
step 5: plasma sintering
And (3) placing the pressed product after the pre-pressing molding in the step (4) into discharge plasma sintering equipment, vacuumizing, filling inert gas, performing vacuum sintering at the temperature of 820-860 ℃ and the pressure of 30-40 MPa, preserving the temperature for 4-5 min, taking out, cooling, and polishing to obtain the grinding wheel applied to the ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate.
And welding the finished grinding wheel onto an iron substrate, performing the procedures of finish turning, sharpening, sand blasting, hole turning and dynamic balancing, and packaging and warehousing.
More preferably, in the step 2, the mass ratio of the high-entropy alloy powder to the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder to the CuSn alloy powder is 5:2: 1. In the invention, the high-entropy alloy powder, the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and the CuSn alloy powder in the proportion are selected to prepare the framework material powder, so that some atoms in the superfine electrolytic powder, such as copper and tin, can be diffused into the high-entropy alloy powder in the ball milling and sintering processes, better lattice distortion can be obtained in the diffusion process, the crystal structure of the alloy can be changed, the better lattice distortion and metal diffusion can enable the alloy to have better hardness and softness balance, and more bonding sites are provided for the bonding of diamond, thereby improving the mechanical bonding strength with diamond.
Preferably, in the step 1, the ball-to-material ratio of the planetary ball-milling device is set to be 15:1, the granularity of the prepared high-entropy alloy powder is 12-16nm. In the invention, nano-level high-entropy alloy is adopted to replace the traditional iron-based prealloy powder in the industry, the bottleneck of the traditional alloy is broken through, and the novel alloy with excellent properties such as high-temperature hardness, high wear resistance, high cutting speed and precision, high toughness and the like is obtained; meanwhile, different elements are added to obtain the high-entropy alloy with unique performance, so that the performance of the alloy can be regulated and controlled; and the sintering temperature can be reduced, the growth of ceramic grains can be restrained, and meanwhile, the holding force of the diamond can be improved.
Preferably, in the step 3, the rotation speed of the three-dimensional mixer is set to 400rpm, and the mixing duration is set to 3h. Through the combined use of ball mill and three-dimensional blendor, can improve the mixing effect effectively like this, ensure that various powder particles obtain evenly distributed, the framework material cladding is more easy on diamond particle surface, strengthens the diamond and holds the effect, improves the abrasive wheel wholeness ability.
Preferably, in the step 5, the vacuum degree of the plasma sintering device is 3.3 x 10-2; the temperature rising rate is 20-25 ℃/min, the pressure is 40MPa, and the heat preservation time is 4min.
The optimization and preparation method of the diamond grinding wheel component formula of the invention complement each other, the mixed powder is put into a prepared graphite mould, and is pre-pressed and molded by an oil press, and then is put into an instrument cavity of discharge plasma for vacuum sintering, the pre-pressing and molding can lead high-entropy alloy powder, feCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder to form a uniform framework structure, and the framework structure provides a stable supporting basis in the subsequent plasma sintering, thereby being beneficial to forming uniform diamond distribution;
further, such treatment can increase the density of the powder, reduce the porosity, and thereby increase the overall density of the grinding wheel; providing a more stable material foundation for the subsequent plasma sintering, and the stable framework structure is conducive to forming a more uniform and compact grinding wheel structure in the plasma sintering process;
on the other hand, the method is also beneficial to reducing the growth of crystal grains and preventing the crystal grains from being oversized, thereby maintaining the size of diamond particles and improving the hardness, grinding performance, strength, toughness, wear resistance and the like of the diamond;
the performance of the diamond grinding wheel product prepared by the invention can reach 120HRB in terms of hardness, bending strength and compactness; the highest bending strength can reach 1800MPa, the compactness can reach 98.5g/ml, and the performance of the powder is far superior to that of common iron-based prealloy powder.
Compared with the diamond tool bit of the metal bond prepared by traditional hot-pressing sintering, the diamond tool bit has the advantages that crystal grains are not easy to grow, the holding force on diamond is good, the sintering temperature field is uniform, the temperature deviation is smaller, the product with both sharpness and service life is more favorable, the energy consumption is low, and the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction are met.
The following are specific examples of the present invention, in which raw materials, equipment, etc. used are available in a purchase manner except for specific limitations.
Examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7
The raw materials were weighed according to the proportions shown in Table 1, and the products were prepared according to the procedures shown in examples 1 to 3, specifically shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 raw material proportion Table for examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3
Description of the amounts of the components of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 above:
the framework material of the embodiment 1 is prepared from high-entropy alloy powder, electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder in a mass ratio of 5:2:1, wherein the proportion of the diamond powder to the framework material powder is 1:20.
With reference to example 1, example 2 reduced the amount of high entropy alloy powder, increased the amount of electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder, and the remaining components were unchanged.
With reference to example 1, example 3 reduced the amount of electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder, increased the amount of CuSn alloy powder, and the remaining components were unchanged.
With reference to example 1, comparative example 1 eliminates the electrolysis of FeCuNiSn alloy powder, increases the amount of CuSn alloy powder, and maintains the amounts of the remaining components.
With reference to example 1, in comparative example 2, the usage ratio of the high-entropy alloy powder to the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder is interchanged, i.e. the usage amount of the high-entropy alloy powder is greatly reduced, the usage amount of the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder is greatly increased, and the usage amount of the rest components is unchanged.
With reference to example 1, the amount of high-entropy alloy powder in comparative example 3 is greatly reduced, and the same amount of iron powder is replaced.
Wherein in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3, the amount of Co powder in the raw materials of the high-entropy alloy powder is 16%; the dosage of Cr powder is 21%; the Ni powder consumption is 21%; the Cu powder consumption is 16%; the dosage of Fe powder is 18%; the amount of Al powder is 8%.
Comparative example 4
Based on example 1, the Cr powder amount is reduced, the Al amount is increased, and the remaining component amounts are unchanged in the high-entropy alloy powder raw material of comparative example 4.
Comparative example 5
Based on example 1, the high-entropy alloy powder raw material in comparative example 4 has reduced Ni powder consumption, increased Al consumption and unchanged other components.
Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the above examples and comparative examples were identical in order to show comparability of the test effect.
Preparation method
The preparation of the grinding wheels of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 applied to the ceramic middle plate with low water absorption comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of high-entropy alloy powder
The method comprises the steps of respectively weighing Co powder, cr powder, ni powder, cu powder, fe powder and Al powder according to the formula, putting the weighed raw materials and WC balls into a WC tank, then filling argon gas, sealing the tank body, then putting into a planetary ball milling device, setting the rotating speed of the ball milling device to be 300rpm, and setting the ball-to-material ratio to be 15:1, ball milling is carried out for 8-10 hours to carry out mechanical alloying, and high-entropy alloy powder is prepared;
step 2: preparation of framework material powder
Placing the high-entropy alloy powder prepared in the step 1, the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and the CuSn alloy powder into a planetary ball milling device, and setting a ball-to-material ratio of 10 by using WC balls: 1, ball milling for 2-3 hours to obtain the framework material powder;
step 3: preparation of mixed powders
Adopting a three-dimensional mixer to mix the skeleton material powder prepared in the step 2 with diamond powder, copper powder and tin powder, setting the rotating speed of the three-dimensional mixer to be 400rpm, mixing for 3 hours, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
step 4: prepressing forming
Placing the mixed powder obtained in the step 3 into a prepared graphite die, and prepressing and forming by adopting an oil press, wherein the pressure of the oil press is 10MPa, and the pressing time is 5min;
step 5: plasma sintering
And (3) placing the pressed product after the pre-pressing molding in the step (4) into discharge plasma sintering equipment, vacuumizing, filling inert gas, keeping the vacuum degree at 3.3 x 10 < -2 >, performing vacuum sintering at the temperature of 820-860 ℃ and the pressure of 40MPa, preserving the heat for 4min, taking out, cooling, and polishing to obtain the grinding wheel applied to the ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate.
Comparative example 6
Taking example 1 as a reference, the difference of comparative example 6 is that the preparation step of the framework material powder in the step 2 is omitted, the high-entropy alloy powder prepared in the step 1 and other components are directly mixed according to the formula amount by adopting a three-dimensional mixer, and the rest steps and parameters are the same as those of example 1.
Comparative example 7
Comparative example 7 was distinguished by omitting the pre-press molding step of step 4, and placing the mixed powder of step 3 into a spark plasma sintering apparatus to perform the sintering operation of step 5, with reference to example 2.
Effect evaluation and Performance detection
The test bars having a specification of 50X 20X 10mm were produced using the dies for the diamond-impregnated wheel formulations of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7, and the compactibility, bending strength, hardness, cutting performance, and the like were measured as follows:
(1) Density testing method
Compactness was measured according to GB/T3850-2015, the results being reported in%;
(2) Flexural strength testing method
Flexural strength was tested using a universal electronic tester (STM company) as specified in GB/T232-2010, and the results were recorded as N;
(3) Hardness testing method
The hardness is tested according to the specific regulations of national standard GB/T230.1-2018, a universal electronic testing machine (STM company) is used for testing the bending strength, and the result is recorded in HRB;
the test items and results are shown in Table 2 below:
table 2: grinding wheel performance test result summarization applied to ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate
From the above table 2, it can be seen that the embodiment 1 is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the skeleton material of the embodiment 1 is formed by high-entropy alloy powder, electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder, and CuSn alloy powder according to a mass ratio of 5:2:1, wherein the proportion of the diamond powder to the framework material powder is 1:20, and the hardness can reach 120HRB from the aspects of hardness, bending strength and compactness; the highest bending strength can reach 1800MPa, and the compactness can reach 98.5g/ml.
With the example 1 as a reference, the example 2 reduces the amount of high-entropy alloy powder, increases the amount of electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder, reduces the amount of high-entropy alloy powder to 80% of the amount in the example 1, influences the skeleton material structure and the like, has obvious influence on the bonding performance with diamond, and plays a certain role in the sintering performance of Jin Taiti along with the increase of the amount of electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder, but the comprehensive performance of the prepared diamond grinding wheel is reduced.
With reference to example 1, example 3 reduced the amount of electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and increased the amount of CuSn alloy powder, although the addition of copper-tin intermediate alloy to CuSn alloy powder can improve the properties of matrix alloy and the stability of sintering process, the reduction of electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder still affects the diffusion reaction of elements and the mechanical bonding strength with diamond, thus also affecting the overall properties of the diamond grinding wheel produced.
With example 1 as a reference, the comparative example 1 eliminates the electrolysis FeCuNiSn alloy powder, increases the consumption of the CuSn alloy powder, has larger influence on the diffusion reaction of elements and the mechanical bonding strength between the stable structure formation of the prepared framework material and diamond, and therefore has more obvious influence on the performances such as the compactness of the prepared diamond grinding wheel.
With example 1 as a reference, the usage ratio of the high-entropy alloy powder to the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder in comparative example 2 is interchanged, namely, the usage amount of the high-entropy alloy powder is greatly reduced, the usage amount of the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder is greatly increased, the high-entropy alloy powder is less, a stable skeleton structure is difficult to form, the diffusion effect of metal elements of the superfine electrolytic alloy powder to the high-entropy alloy powder is influenced, the mechanical bonding strength of the skeleton material powder and diamond is reduced, and the influence on the comprehensive performance of the prepared diamond grinding wheel is large.
With reference to the embodiment 1, the usage amount of the high-entropy alloy powder is greatly reduced in the comparative example 3, the high-entropy alloy powder is replaced by the equivalent iron powder, a stable framework structure is difficult to form, the iron powder is adopted for supplementing and replacing, and the cold pressing effect of the powder is difficult to ensure, so that the mechanical bonding strength of the framework material powder and diamond is also reduced.
Wherein in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3, the amount of Co powder in the raw materials of the high-entropy alloy powder is 16%; the dosage of Cr powder is 21%; the Ni powder consumption is 21%; the Cu powder consumption is 16%; the dosage of Fe powder is 18%; the amount of Al powder is 8%.
Based on example 1, in the high-entropy alloy powder raw material in comparative example 4, the amount of Cr powder is reduced, the amount of Al is increased, and in the high-entropy alloy powder raw material in comparative example 5, the amount of Ni powder is reduced, and the amount of Al is increased, because in the high-entropy alloy powder, ni plays a catalytic role in the nucleation and growth process of diamond, so that diamond particles are uniformly and firmly combined on a metal substrate, the amount of Ni is reduced, the catalytic role is weakened, cr can also play a catalytic role to a certain extent, but in contrast, the effect of Ni is larger, and therefore the effect of reducing the amount of Ni on the performance of the prepared diamond grinding wheel is obvious.
Taking example 1 as a reference, the difference of comparative example 6 is that the preparation step of the framework material powder in the step 2 is omitted, the high-entropy alloy powder prepared in the step 1 and other components are directly mixed by adopting a three-dimensional mixer according to the formula amount, and the step of preparing the framework material by the high-entropy alloy powder, the superfine electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and the CuSn alloy powder in a specific proportion is omitted, so that the lattice distortion and the metal diffusion effect of the high-entropy alloy powder are influenced, and the bonding strength of diamond is obviously influenced.
The difference of comparative example 7 is that the pre-press forming step of step 4 is eliminated, and the mixed powder of step 3 is put into a spark plasma sintering device to perform the sintering operation of step 5, so that the pre-press forming is lacking to form high-entropy alloy powder, feCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder into a uniform skeleton structure, and the process of providing a supporting foundation is affected on the diamond bonding and distribution.
(4) Cutting performance test method
The grinding wheel prepared in the optimal example 1 is subjected to cutting performance test by taking a low water absorption middle plate with the specification of 400 x 800mm and the thickness of 8mm of Dongpeng ceramic company as a cutting object; the linear speed is 66 pieces/min for testing;
test result records are shown in table 3 below:
table 3 data for diamond grinding wheel cutting performance test
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The service life of the grinding wheel prepared in the embodiment 1-3 of the invention is prolonged by more than 50-100% compared with the average level of the grinding wheel produced by a traditional grinding tool manufacturer, the cutting performance and the service life of the grinding wheel are greatly improved, and the conditions of angle breakage and edge and bottom rotting are avoided.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The grinding wheel for the ceramic middle plate with low water absorption is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 3-5% of diamond powder, 10-15% of copper powder, 3-5% of tin powder and 65-85% of framework material powder; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;
the mass ratio of the diamond powder to the framework material powder is 1 (15-22);
the framework material powder is prepared from high-entropy alloy powder, electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and CuSn alloy powder prepared by an electric explosion method, wherein the mass ratio of the powder to the powder is (8-10), the mass ratio of the powder to the powder is (3-6), and the mass ratio of the powder to the powder is (2-3).
2. The grinding wheel applied to the ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate according to claim 1, wherein the high-entropy alloy powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20% of Co powder, 15-20% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Ni powder, 10-20% of Cu powder, 15-25% of Fe powder and 8-10% of Al powder; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
3. The grinding wheel applied to a ceramic middle plate with low water absorption according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of Co powder, cr powder, ni powder, cu powder, fe powder and Al powder in the high-entropy alloy raw material is (4-6): (5-7): (2-3).
4. The grinding wheel for a ceramic middle plate with low water absorption according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of diamond powder to high entropy alloy powder is (1.6-2): (24-25).
5. Grinding wheel for ceramic median plates with low water absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder is 6-12 μm and the particle size of the CuSn alloy powder is 50-80nm.
6. The grinding wheel for a ceramic middle plate with low water absorption according to claim 1, wherein the diamond powder has a particle size of 200-355 μm and a diamond purity of 99.5%; the mesh numbers of the copper powder and the tin powder are respectively 300-400 meshes.
7. A method of manufacturing a grinding wheel for a low water absorption ceramic middle plate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step 1: preparation of high-entropy alloy powder
Respectively weighing Co powder, cr powder, ni powder, cu powder, fe powder and Al powder according to the formula, putting the weighed raw materials and WC balls into a WC tank, then filling argon, sealing the tank body, then putting into a planetary ball milling device, setting the rotating speed of the ball milling device to 300rpm, and performing ball milling for 8-10 hours to prepare high-entropy alloy powder;
step 2: preparation of framework material powder
Placing the high-entropy alloy powder prepared in the step 1, the electrolytic FeCuNiSn alloy powder and the CuSn alloy powder into a planetary ball milling device, and setting a ball-to-material ratio of 10 by using WC balls: 1, ball milling for 2-3 hours to obtain the framework material powder;
step 3: preparation of mixed powders
Uniformly mixing the framework material powder prepared in the step 2 with diamond powder, copper powder and tin powder by adopting a three-dimensional mixer to obtain mixed powder;
step 4: prepressing forming
Placing the mixed powder obtained in the step 3 into a prepared graphite die, and prepressing and forming by adopting an oil press, wherein the pressure of the oil press is 10MPa, and the pressing time is 5min;
step 5: plasma sintering
And (3) placing the pressed product after the pre-pressing molding in the step (4) into discharge plasma sintering equipment, vacuumizing, filling inert gas, performing vacuum sintering at the temperature of 820-860 ℃ and the pressure of 30-40 MPa, preserving the temperature for 4-5 min, taking out, cooling, and polishing to obtain the grinding wheel applied to the ceramic middle plate with low water absorption rate.
8. The method for manufacturing a grinding wheel for a ceramic middle plate with low water absorption according to claim 7, wherein in the step 1, the ball-to-material ratio of the planetary ball mill is set to 15:1, the granularity of the prepared high-entropy alloy powder is 12-16nm.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein in the step 3, the rotation speed of the three-dimensional mixer is set to 400rpm, and the mixing time is set to 3h.
10. The method of manufacturing a grinding wheel for a ceramic middle plate with low water absorption according to claim 7, wherein in the step 5, the vacuum degree of the plasma sintering apparatus is 3.3 x 10 "2; the temperature rising rate is 20-25 ℃/min, the pressure is 40MPa, and the heat preservation time is 4min.
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