CN117731971A - High-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing system and method based on double transducers - Google Patents
High-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing system and method based on double transducers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing system and method based on double transducers, which relate to the field of ultrasonic focusing, wherein the ultrasonic focusing system comprises a signal generating module, two power amplifiers and two ultrasonic transducers; the signal generation module generates a dual-channel signal with a phase difference, the dual-channel signal is amplified by the power amplifier and is input into the two ultrasonic transducers with different phases and powers to generate two ultrasonic beams, the gain multiple of the power amplifier is numerically controlled and adjustable, the output power can be controlled, the signal generation module has a dual-channel signal output function, and the phase of each channel signal can be independently adjusted. The invention can adjust a plurality of parameters such as the included angle, the phase, the axis distance and the like of the transducer, can enable the focal zone to present a plurality of different shapes, and meets the focusing requirements of different effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic focusing, in particular to a high-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing system and method based on double transducers.
Background
Focused ultrasound is used as a novel therapeutic means in the medical field, and by focusing the energy of an ultrasound beam in a small-range space, the focused ultrasound goes deep into tissues and interacts with biological tissues through mechanisms such as thermal effect and cavitation effect. In the aspect of nerve regulation, LIFU (Low-intensity Focused Ultrasound ) is proved to excite or inhibit certain biological effects of biological tissues, and LIFU is used for acting on muscles and brain in principle to regulate central and peripheral nervous systems of human bodies, so that the treatment of epilepsy, depression, anxiety and other diseases is hopefully realized, and the LIFU has great potential; in the aspect of surgical operations such as tumor treatment, the aim of surgical treatment can be achieved by using HIFU (High-intensity Focused Ultrasound ) to act on specific focal tissues and heating and ablating the focal tissues without affecting surrounding tissues; in the aspect of medical cosmetology, the thermal effect and the mechanical effect of HIFU are utilized to destroy fat cells, so that the effect of lipolysis plasticity can be achieved, in addition, a scholars can use a micro-focusing ultrasonic technology to deform collagen fibers in tissues in dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissues of the face, the neck and other parts of a human body, and the effects of improving wrinkles and tightening skin are achieved.
Ultrasonic stimulation is a novel nerve control technology, which adopts focused ultrasound to concentrate acoustic energy on a single point of a biological nerve, and stimulates the tissue at the point to generate related biophysical effects. Compared with the traditional nerve regulation and control technologies such as electric stimulation, magnetic stimulation and the like, the focused ultrasound stimulation has the advantages of accurate target point, low energy of an acoustic field outside the target point, capability of reducing the effect and damage to non-target areas, non-invasiveness, strong penetrability, high spatial resolution and the like.
Currently, the acoustic wave generation of focused ultrasound mainly uses an ultrasonic focusing transducer. The working principle of the ultrasonic focusing transducer is that an electric signal is converted into mechanical vibration through the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials (piezoelectric ceramics and the like), so that sound waves are generated, and the focusing of the sound waves is realized through an acoustic lens or a self-focusing principle. In focused ultrasound, according to the current standard GB/T19890-2005, the focal zone is defined as the space enclosed by a closed interface made up of all sound field points that are-3 dB (or-6 dB) below the time-averaged maximum sound intensity.
Ultrasonic focusing schemes currently in widespread use in the medical field, the primary methods employed to generate sound waves include the use of a single-wafer focusing transducer with a single phased array transducer. The single-wafer focusing transducer has the advantages of simple mechanical structure, fixed focus and simpler control, but the focal zone has longer axial length, is easy to influence other areas except the target area in ultrasonic focusing, and is difficult to realize accurate effect, and although the frequency of the transducer is increased, the size of the focal zone is reduced, but the focal zone is only effective in the lateral direction, and the axial size is not obviously improved; the single phased array transducer can realize dynamic focusing of the multi-element combined transducer through circuit control, has the advantages of adjustable focus, no need of mechanical movement and the like, but if the focus area needs to be controlled to be kept in a smaller size, the volume is difficult to miniaturize and the price is high. In various use scenes of focused ultrasound, such as using ultrasound to stimulate human muscle, the ultrasound is required to precisely act on a target point and avoid damage to surrounding normal tissues as much as possible, while the conventional ultrasound focusing method is difficult to ensure higher spatial resolution at lower frequency, so as to realize high-specificity acting effect. For the existing ultrasonic double-probe stimulation scheme, the ultrasonic double-probe stimulation scheme is mainly oriented to transcranial stimulation, has low ultrasonic energy, is not suitable for the requirement of human muscle stimulation, and cannot flexibly adjust the distance between two transducers in the axial direction, so that the control of the shape of a focusing domain is realized.
Therefore, those skilled in the art are working to develop a dual-transducer-based high-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing system and method, which can adjust multiple parameters such as the included angle, the phase, the axis distance and the like of the transducers, and can enable the focal zone to take on various different shapes so as to meet the focusing requirements of different effects.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention is directed to providing a muscle ultrasonic focusing system that acts more accurately on muscle tissue or peripheral nerves to achieve a higher axial resolution.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a high-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing system based on double transducers, which comprises a signal generating module, two power amplifiers and two ultrasonic transducers; the signal generating module generates a dual-channel signal with a phase difference, and the dual-channel signal is amplified by the power amplifier and is input into the two ultrasonic transducers with different phases and powers to generate two ultrasonic beams.
Further, the gain multiple of the power amplifier is digitally controlled and adjustable, so that the output power can be controlled.
Further, the signal generation module has a dual-channel signal output function, and can independently adjust the phase of each channel signal.
Further, the ultrasonic transducer comprises a single-array element transducer and/or a phased array transducer. .
Further, the amplitude and the phase of the ultrasonic beam are respectively changed through the gain multiple adjustment of the power amplifier and the phase adjustment of the signal generation module; the included angle between the two ultrasonic transducers is changed to enable the two ultrasonic beams to generate different superposition effects, so that the control of the focal domain shape, the focal domain size and the number of focal lobes is realized.
The invention also provides a high-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing method based on the double transducers, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preliminarily determining the target position through physical positioning;
step 2, generating a dual-channel signal with a phase difference by a signal generating module, amplifying the dual-channel signal by a power amplifier, and inputting the dual-channel signal into two ultrasonic transducers with different phases and powers to generate two ultrasonic beams;
step 3, adjusting the distance l between two ultrasonic transducers and target point 1 、l 2 Controlling the energy intensity of ultrasonic beams of the two ultrasonic transducers at the target point, and simultaneously further regulating the energy intensity of the ultrasonic beams through the power amplifier;
and 4, adjusting an included angle between the two ultrasonic transducers and a phase difference in the signal generation module to control the shape, the size and the number of focal valves of the focal domain, so that the resolution of the focused ultrasonic is optimized and adjusted on the premise of not changing the performance and the structure of the ultrasonic transducers.
Further, the focal domain size includes an axial focal length and a lateral focal length.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the transducer is a single-array element transducer, the included angle of the transducer is adjusted, and the confocal focus moves.
In another embodiment of the present invention, when the ultrasonic transducer is a phased array transducer, the included angle between the two ultrasonic transducers is from θ when the confocal focus needs to be shifted 1 Adjusted to theta 2 The focus position is transversely moved by delta x and axially moved by delta y, and the focus axis deflection angles alpha and beta (alpha and beta are smaller than that of the two ultrasonic transducers)Acute angle of) to achieve confocal focal point movement as follows:
the high-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing based on the dual transducers can realize different degrees of adjusting effects on focusing by selecting different transducers, can change the focus position after the probe is positioned by adopting the phased array transducer, can further calibrate, and has more allowance for positioning errors of the device.
Further, the distance l between the two ultrasonic transducers and the target point is obtained after adjustment 1 ' and l 2 ' the formula is as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: in the invention, when the focal domains of two ultrasonic beams are intersected with each other, a new focal domain is generated by overlapping the two ultrasonic beams at the intersection, and the size of the new focal domain is obviously reduced compared with that of the focal domain generated by a single transducer, so that the spatial resolution of focused ultrasonic waves is greatly improved. Meanwhile, because the double-transducer superposition is adopted to generate focused ultrasound, the focal domain is generated by superposition of focal domains of two ultrasonic beams, compared with the scheme of ultrasonic focusing by using a single transducer, under the condition that the same maximum sound pressure is generated at a focal point, the ultrasonic beam energy respectively generated by the two transducers is smaller than that of the single-transducer scheme, the focusing effect is more obvious, the sound field energy is concentrated at the focal domain with smaller space size, and in the area outside the focal domain, the sound field energy is lower than that of the single-transducer scheme, the stimulation effect on biological tissues is weaker, and the interference is less prone to being generated.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual transducer based high specificity muscle ultrasound focusing system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a focused ultrasound axis and lateral resolution definition;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual transducer based high specificity muscle ultrasound focusing method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a signal generating system; 2. a power amplifier; 3. an ultrasonic transducer; 4. an ultrasonic beam; 5. a new focal zone; 6. different focal domain shapes; 3.1, transducer; 3.2, a focus theory action position; 3.3, the actual action position of the focus.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which make the technical contents thereof more clear and easy to understand. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the present invention is not limited to only the embodiments described herein.
In the drawings, like structural elements are referred to by like reference numerals and components having similar structure or function are referred to by like reference numerals. The dimensions and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown, and the present invention is not limited to the dimensions and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components is exaggerated in some places in the drawings for clarity of illustration.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a dual-transducer-based high-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the system is composed of a signal generating system 1, two power generators 2, and two ultrasonic transducers 3, wherein the ultrasonic transducers may be two single-element transducers or two phased array transducers, and preferably, the single-element transducers are concave spherical ultrasonic focusing transducers.
When the ultrasonic transducer 3 is partially a concave spherical ultrasonic focusing transducer, the signal generating system 1 is required to have a double-channel signal output function, and the signal phase of each channel can be independently adjusted; when the phased array transducer is used as the ultrasonic transducer 3, the signal generating system 1 has higher signal requirement and is provided with two phased array signal generators.
The power amplifier 2 requires digitally controlled adjustment of the gain factor and can control the output power.
The two-channel signal with phase difference is generated by the signal generating system 1, amplified by the power amplifier 2, and input into the two ultrasonic transducers 3 with different phases and powers so as to generate two ultrasonic beams 4. The amplitude and the phase of the two ultrasonic beams 4 can be respectively changed through the gain multiple adjustment of the power amplifier 2 and the phase adjustment of the signal generation system 1. In addition, the included angle between the two ultrasonic transducers 3 is adjusted and changed, so that different superposition effects can be generated on the two ultrasonic beams 4, and the control on the focal domain size and the focal domain shape is realized.
In the invention, when the focal domains of the two ultrasonic beams 4 are intersected with each other, a new focal domain 5 is generated by overlapping at the intersection, and the size of the new focal domain 5 is obviously reduced compared with that of the focal domain generated by a single transducer, so that the spatial resolution of focused ultrasonic waves is greatly improved.
Because the dual-transducer superposition is adopted to generate focused ultrasound, the focal domain is generated by superposition of focal domains of two ultrasonic beams, compared with the scheme of ultrasonic focusing by using a single transducer, under the condition that the same maximum sound pressure is generated at the focal point, the ultrasonic beam energy respectively generated by the two transducers is smaller than that of the single-transducer scheme, the focusing effect is more obvious, the sound field energy is concentrated at a new focal domain 5 with smaller space size, and in the region outside the new focal domain 5, the sound field energy is lower than that of the single-transducer scheme, the stimulation effect on biological tissues is weaker, and the interference is less prone to being generated.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the focusing principle in the present ultrasonic focusing scheme, explaining the focusing principle of the dual transducer section 3 in fig. 2.
By selecting different transducers 3.1, different degrees of adjustment effect can be achieved in the focusing scheme, and in one embodiment of the invention, a phased array transducer is adopted, because the phased array transducer can still change the focal position after the probe is positioned, the calibration can be further carried out, and more allowance is reserved for the positioning error of the device.
In this embodiment, the focusing method is as follows: firstly, the target position is preliminarily determined through physical positioning, and the distance l between two transducers and the target is adjusted 1 、l 2 To control the intensity of the ultrasonic beam energy at the target point of the two transducers, while the beam energy intensity is also adjustable by the power amplifier 2. Adjusting the angle theta between the dual transducers 1 And the focal domain shape (including axial focal length, transverse focal length, number and shape of focal lobes) can be controlled by adjusting the phase difference in the signal generator 1, thereby focusing the super focus without changing the performance and structure of the transducerThe resolution of the sound is optimized and adjusted.
For ultrasonic muscle stimulation, certain difficulties exist in fixing the clamp and accurately positioning the focus, so that the theoretical action position 3.2 of the ultrasonic focusing focus deviates from the actual action position 3.3. In the focusing method provided by the invention, a double phased array ultrasonic transducer can be adopted to ensure that a focus accurately acts on a target spot. A single phased array can achieve focusing at different locations in space by adjusting the phase and power of the electrical signal for each transducer element. The specific focus adjustment mechanism is based on this principle as follows: by adopting a dual-focusing transducer confocal scheme, the focal length l can be controlled by changing the signal phase and power of each unit of the phased array transducer 1 ' and l 2 ' and the focal domain axes of each single transducer are respectively deflected by an angle alpha and an angle beta, so that the control of the confocal focal positions of the two transducers is realized on the basis of the fixed positions of the transducers (the confocal focal positions are transversely offset delta x, axially offset delta y and the included angle theta of the two transducers) 2 ) Corrected from the original actual focal position 3.3 to the new focal position 3.2.
When the focal position needs to be calibrated or the focus target needs to be changed, the focal position needs to be moved laterally by deltax and axially by deltay to reach the new focus position 3.2. For the deflection angles alpha, beta (alpha, beta are smaller thanAcute angle of (c) and focal length l 1 ' and l 2 ' adjust to focus at the new target location. The focus axis offset angles α, β can be set by a relationship in the following formula.
After calculating the deflection angles alpha and beta of the focusing axis, the focal length l can be obtained according to the related geometric relationship 1 ' and l 2 The expression' is as follows:
in another embodiment of the invention, the ultrasound transducer 3.1 is selected from two single-element transducers, such as concave spherical ultrasound focusing transducers. When the single-array element super-energy device is adopted, when the system needs to be corrected from the original actual focusing position 3.3 to the new focusing position 3.2, the confocal focusing positions of the two transducers are controlled by adjusting the positions of the two single-array element transducers and the included angle of the transducers.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention without requiring creative effort by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by the person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The high-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing system based on the double transducers is characterized by comprising a signal generating module, two power amplifiers and two ultrasonic transducers; the signal generating module generates a dual-channel signal with a phase difference, and the dual-channel signal is amplified by the power amplifier and is input into the two ultrasonic transducers with different phases and powers to generate two ultrasonic beams.
2. The dual transducer based high specificity ultrasound focusing system according to claim 1, wherein the gain factor of the power amplifier is digitally controlled to be adjustable to control the output power.
3. The dual transducer-based high specificity muscle ultrasound focusing system of claim 1, wherein the signal generation module has a dual channel signal output function, and is capable of independently adjusting the phase of each channel signal.
4. Dual transducer based high specificity muscle ultrasound focusing system according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasound transducers comprise single element transducers and/or phased array transducers.
5. The dual-transducer based high specificity muscle ultrasound focusing system according to claim 1, wherein the amplitude and phase of the ultrasound beam are respectively changed by power amplifier gain multiple adjustment and signal generation module phase adjustment; the included angle between the two ultrasonic transducers is changed to enable the two ultrasonic beams to generate different superposition effects, so that the control of the focal domain shape, the focal domain size and the number of focal lobes is realized.
6. A dual transducer-based high specificity muscle ultrasound focusing method, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, preliminarily determining the target position through physical positioning;
step 2, generating a dual-channel signal with a phase difference by a signal generating module, amplifying the dual-channel signal by a power amplifier, and inputting the dual-channel signal into two ultrasonic transducers with different phases and powers to generate two ultrasonic beams;
step 3, adjusting the distance l between two ultrasonic transducers and target point 1 、l 2 Controlling the energy intensity of ultrasonic beams of the two ultrasonic transducers at the target point, and simultaneously further regulating the energy intensity of the ultrasonic beams through the power amplifier;
and 4, adjusting an included angle between the two ultrasonic transducers and a phase difference in the signal generation module to control the shape, the size and the number of focal valves of the focal domain, so that the resolution of the focused ultrasonic is optimized and adjusted on the premise of not changing the performance and the structure of the ultrasonic transducers.
7. The dual transducer based high specificity muscle ultrasound focusing method of claim 6, wherein the focal domain size comprises an axial focal length, a lateral focal length.
8. The dual-transducer-based high-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing method according to claim 6, wherein when the transducer is a single-array element transducer, the included angle of the transducer is adjusted, and the confocal focus moves.
9. The dual-transducer-based high-specificity muscle ultrasound focusing method according to claim 6, wherein when the transducers are phased array transducers, and when confocal focus is required to be shifted, the included angle between the two ultrasonic transducers is from θ 1 Adjusted to theta 2 The focus position is transversely moved by delta x and axially moved by delta y, and the focus axis deflection angles alpha and beta (alpha and beta are smaller than that of the two ultrasonic transducers)Acute angle of) to achieve confocal focal point movement as follows:
10. the dual-transducer-based high-specificity muscle ultrasonic focusing method according to claim 9, wherein a new value l of the distance between two ultrasonic transducers and a target point is obtained after adjustment 1 ' and l 2 ' the formula is as follows:
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