CN117729580A - Quick high-precision track circuit carrier frequency identification method, equipment and medium - Google Patents
Quick high-precision track circuit carrier frequency identification method, equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid high-precision track circuit carrier frequency identification method, equipment and medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: AD acquisition: collecting CPFSK signals of a track circuit by utilizing AD timing; symbol segmentation: judging the starting position of each high-frequency band and each low-frequency band for the data sequence acquired by the AD, and respectively extracting a high-frequency band signal and a low-frequency band signal; intra-segment frequency fitting: fitting frequency and phase to each high-band or low-band signal sub-sequence using a least squares method; repeating the multi-section fitting: repeating the step S3 for a plurality of continuous high frequency bands or low frequency bands, and fitting the frequency of each high frequency band or low frequency band; frequency averaging: the multi-segment fitting results are averaged over an integer period/periods as measured carrier frequencies. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of excellent measurement precision, simple programming, reliable performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carrier frequency measurement, in particular to a rapid high-precision track circuit carrier frequency identification method, device and medium.
Background
The track circuit device uses a 2FSK (binary digital frequency modulation, frequency Shift Keying) signal to transfer information, alternately outputting two carrier frequency signals in accordance with the frequency of the modulated signal. For example, a nominal 905Hz carrier signal, with an actual frequency range of 905±12.5Hz, is considered acceptable, requiring accurate frequency measurements of the carrier signal.
The 2FSK signal can be further classified into a coherent FSK signal and a Continuous Phase FSK (CPFSK) signal, which are different from each other in whether or not the carrier phase at the symbol transition time is continuous.
The early track circuit product uses crystals to generate two frequency carriers, and the two frequency carriers are switched and output according to the modulation frequency to be coherent FSK signals, so that the FFT algorithm can directly obtain the information of carrier frequency signals in the frequency domain. At present, a DDS (direct digital frequency synthesis, direct Digital Synthesizs) chip is used by the device, a 2FSK signal directly output is a CPFSK signal, the frequency domain property is similar to an FM (frequency modulation) signal, the frequency spectrum is a plurality of spectral lines, the spectral line interval is a modulation frequency, and no spectral line exists at the carrier frequency position.
Since CPFSK signals are not effective in measuring carrier frequencies in the frequency domain, signal frequencies are measured in the time domain. Phase locked loop device measurements may be used if supported by hardware functionality. The comparison function of the device can be used for calculating the time interval of the zero crossing point of the signal and then calculating the frequency of the signal.
If the frequency of the CPFSK carrier frequency signal to be obtained by pure software processing is to be measured for a continuous signal sequence acquired by conventional AD, a modern spectrum estimation method or a direct fitting method can be used. For example using the Prony algorithm, an adaptive fitting algorithm, etc.
The algorithm processed by pure software has certain complexity in programming. The algorithm of the PC end can be developed by using high-level languages such as matlab, python, and the algorithm program writing can be completed rapidly by utilizing a self-contained scientific calculation library. If a general development environment is used, such as VC, various scientific computing libraries, such as GNU Scientific Library, eigen, etc., can also be utilized to reduce algorithm development effort.
For embedded system development, the difficulty of algorithm development is increased because the number of supported computing libraries is too small. Taking the development of a DSP chip of texas instruments (Ti) as an example, the development environment CCS (Code Composer Studio) only supports a small number of algorithms such as FFT, matrix multiplication, matrix transposition and the like by taking the DSP algorithm library of the texas instruments (Ti) as an example, if complex algorithms such as matrix SVD decomposition and the like need to be used, a developer needs to convert codes from matlab, or transplant source library codes, or directly write the algorithms from the bottom layer by self. The embedded system uses complex algorithm, which can cause development difficulty and development cost to be too high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a rapid high-precision track circuit carrier frequency identification method, device and medium with excellent measurement precision, simple programming and reliable performance, so that a DSP chip can be used for developing CPFSK signal frequency detection equipment.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rapid high-precision track circuit carrier frequency identification method, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, AD acquisition: collecting CPFSK signals of a track circuit by utilizing AD timing;
s2, code element segmentation: judging the starting position of each high-frequency band and each low-frequency band for the data sequence acquired by the AD, and respectively extracting a high-frequency band signal and a low-frequency band signal;
s3, fitting intra-segment frequency: fitting frequency and phase to each high-band or low-band signal sub-sequence using a least squares method;
s4, repeating multi-section fitting: repeating the step S3 for a plurality of continuous high frequency bands or low frequency bands, and fitting the frequency of each high frequency band or low frequency band;
s5, frequency averaging: the multi-segment fitting results are averaged over an integer period/periods as measured carrier frequencies.
As a preferable technical scheme, the track circuit CPFSK signal is divided into 8 information modulation and 18 information modulation according to different devices.
As a preferable technical scheme, the center frequency of the track circuit CPFSK signal is one of 550Hz, 650Hz, 750Hz and 850 Hz.
As an optimal technical scheme, the carrier frequency of the track circuit CPFSK signal is the central frequency of +/-55 Hz, and the high carrier frequency and the low carrier frequency respectively occupy 50% of the modulation period according to the modulation frequency change.
As a preferable technical solution, the step S2 includes the following steps:
s21, counting the number of zero crossing points of a signal in a preset time interval by adopting a time domain counting zero crossing point method, and dividing the number by 2 to obtain a rough measurement center frequency of the CPFSK signal of the track circuit, wherein the preset time interval covers a plurality of modulation periods;
s22, filtering the CPFSK signal;
s23, sequentially performing detection and low-pass filtering on the filtered CPFSK signal to obtain a modulated signal of a demodulated CPFSK signal, performing Fourier transformation on the demodulated signal to determine an accurate modulation frequency, and determining a modulation period based on the accurate modulation frequency;
s24, searching the time corresponding to the maximum value in a certain modulation period for the CPFSK signal filtered in the S22, and taking the time as the middle position of the CPFSK signal high carrier frequency signal, extracting signal data in 1/4 of the modulation periods before and after according to the position to obtain a high-frequency band signal in the modulation period, and extracting other high-frequency band signals every other modulation period based on the modulation period determined in the S23; and extracting a low-frequency band signal according to the extracted high-frequency band signal every half of a modulation period.
In the step S3, the fitting function is a sine or cosine function.
In the step S3, the fitting frequency range is a preset frequency range with a preset value, in which the high carrier frequency and the low carrier frequency corresponding to the center frequency float up and down; the fitting phase range is [0,2 pi), and the step size is 2 pi/24.
As a preferred technical solution, the repeated multi-segment fitting in the step S4 covers at least 1 period of the resulting change.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program, the processor implementing the method when executing the program.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The algorithm used in the invention utilizes the error periodicity, and the error is counteracted by averaging in the integer period, so that the carrier frequency of the CPFSK signal can be accurately estimated, and the measurement accuracy is high.
(2) Programming is simple: the program logic of the invention is clear, the position of the minimum value of the error is searched globally in the parameter range, the approximate extremum position can be found by the double circulation instead of the optimization method, the programming difficulty is greatly simplified, and the invention is suitable for the development of the embedded system.
(3) The hardware system is simple: the invention only needs basic AD timing signal acquisition function, is realized by pure software, and does not need other hardware functions (such as comparison, capture and the like) to support.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coherent FSK signal;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of CPFSK signals.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a fast high-precision track circuit carrier frequency identification method, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1, AD acquisition: track circuit CPFSK signals are collected with AD timing.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, there are schematic diagrams of a coherent FSK signal and a CPFSK signal, respectively, wherein the phase of the coherent FSK signal is continuous, and abrupt changes occur at the phases 1-0 of the coherent FSK signal. The present invention is directed to CPFSK signals.
The track circuit CPFSK signal is divided into 8 information and 18 information modulation according to devices.
The central frequency of the CPFSK signal of the track circuit is one of 550Hz, 650Hz, 750Hz and 850Hz, the carrier frequency is the central frequency + -55 Hz, and the high carrier frequency and the low carrier frequency respectively occupy 50 percent of the modulation period according to the change of the modulation frequency. The carrier frequency and the modulation frequency can only be in a specified range, which is equivalent to the prior knowledge, and can be used for judging the carrier frequency/modulation frequency.
In order to accurately measure the frequency of CPFSK carrier frequency, firstly, the high carrier frequency and the low carrier frequency in CPFSK signal are extracted in a segmented way, thus each small segment of signal can be processed, the frequency is calculated, and means such as time domain counting/Fourier transformation can be used.
In the prior art, a standard sinusoidal signal template is artificially generated by using a fitting-like algorithm, multiplied by a measured signal and integrated in a time period, the frequency and the phase of the signal template are continuously adjusted, and the frequency/phase parameter corresponding to the signal template with the largest integrated result is selected, namely the frequency/phase parameter closest to the frequency/phase of the measured signal, so that the frequency of the carrier frequency is determined. However, this method has the following problems: the calculated amount is large; sometimes not necessarily converging to the actual data (related to the initial conditions of the parameter settings). Thus, this embodiment overcomes this problem by employing the method described in steps S2-S5 below.
S2, code element segmentation: judging the starting position of each high-frequency band and each low-frequency band for the data sequence acquired by the AD, and respectively extracting a high-frequency band signal and a low-frequency band signal;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s21, counting the number of zero crossing points of the signal in a preset time interval (such as 1 second) by adopting a time domain counting zero crossing point method, and dividing the number by 2 to obtain the rough measurement center frequency of the track circuit CPFSK signal, wherein the ideal error is about 0.5Hz, but the rough measurement center frequency is used as rough measurement without influencing processing, and the rough measurement frequency is used for the subsequent design of filter parameters. For example, the center frequency measured in this step is 650.5Hz. It is noted that the preset time interval should cover a plurality of modulation periods, and the counting time is long and high in accuracy.
S22, filtering the CPFSK signal; any of high-pass/low-pass/band-pass filtering can be used in this step, as long as the filter is different from the response to the high-low carrier frequency, so that the CPFSK signal with the same amplitude is filtered into the CPFSK signal with amplitude modulation. For example, 650.5Hz is measured according to S21, and the CPFSK signal is passed through a high-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 650Hz, so that the output amplitude is large for a carrier frequency of 650+55=705 Hz; in contrast, for a carrier frequency of 650-55=595 Hz, the output amplitude is small.
S23, sequentially detecting and low-pass filtering the filtered CPFSK signal to obtain a modulated signal (basically in a sine form) of the demodulated CPFSK signal, wherein for the demodulated signal, since the number of sampling points is large, fourier transformation can be directly performed to determine the accurate modulation frequency, and the modulation period of the original CPFSK signal can be determined based on the accurate modulation frequency.
S24, searching the time corresponding to the maximum value in a certain modulation period for the CPFSK signal filtered in the S22, and taking the time as the middle position of the CPFSK signal high carrier frequency signal, extracting signal data in 1/4 of the modulation periods before and after according to the position to obtain a high-frequency band signal in the modulation period, and extracting other high-frequency band signals every one modulation period difference based on the modulation period determined in the S23; and extracting a low-frequency band signal according to the extracted high-frequency band signal every half of a modulation period.
S3, fitting intra-segment frequency: fitting frequency and phase to each high-band or low-band signal sub-sequence using a least squares method;
the fitting function is a sine or cosine function.
The fitting frequency range is a preset frequency range of up-and-down floating of a high carrier frequency and a low carrier frequency corresponding to the center frequency, and the step length is a preset value; the fitting phase range is [0,2 pi), and the step size is 2 pi/24.
S4, repeating multi-section fitting: repeating step S3 for a plurality of continuous high frequency bands or low frequency bands, fitting the frequency of each high frequency band or low frequency band, and repeating the repeated multi-section fitting of the step at least covers 1 period of result change;
s5, frequency averaging: the multi-segment fitting results are averaged over an integer period/periods as measured carrier frequencies.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
in the process of generating CPFSK signals by the DDS, the phase relation between each section of high-frequency signals is not random or the same, but gradually increases (decreases) due to the working principle of an internal phase accumulator. The phase relationship between the various low band signals.
The fitting of the sine (or cosine) signal using a sine (or cosine) function is a non-linear fit, as the result will converge to a local extremum, the final result being related to the initial condition.
The high band signal frequency is assumed to be 905Hz. Fitting each segment of high frequency data, although the signal frequencies are the same, the simulation results show that the fitting values of the signals change sinusoidally between 915Hz and 895Hz due to phase differences. Although the measurement error per segment is large, the average of the measurements of successive segments (covering an integer number of variation periods) is exactly equal to the actual signal frequency.
Therefore, by using this principle, the carrier frequency of the CPFSK signal can be accurately estimated by using a simple algorithm for approximating the extremum.
The invention utilizes the periodicity of the measurement error to calculate the average value in the integer period, thereby achieving the purposes of counteracting the error and improving the frequency measurement precision. The invention has simple programming realization, only needs one double circulation to find the approximate extreme point in the fitting process of each section of data, and does not need to use a complex optimization algorithm to find the error extreme point.
Preferentially, the embodiment provides a rapid high-precision track circuit carrier frequency identification method aiming at a signal with a central frequency of 850Hz, which comprises the following steps:
s1, AD acquisition: and acquiring by using 16-bit AD and adopting 8192Hz acquisition frequency fixed frequency to obtain the track circuit CPFSK signal with the center frequency of 850 Hz.
S2, code element segmentation: and judging the starting position of each high-frequency band and each low-frequency band for the data sequence acquired by the AD, and respectively extracting the high-frequency band signal and the low-frequency band signal. For example, a CPFSK signal with a 850Hz center frequency of the track circuit device, and a carrier signal consisting of alternating 850+ -55 Hz (695 Hz and 905 Hz) signals. In this embodiment, the actual frequency of the high-frequency band (905 Hz) signal is measured, and only the acquired data of each high-frequency band needs to be divided by the above method.
S3, fitting intra-segment frequency: for each high-band or low-band signal sub-sequence, the frequency and phase are fitted using a least squares method.
For example, the fitting function may be a sine or cosine function; fitting frequency range 905+/-13 Hz, and step length 0.5Hz; the fitting phase range is [0,2 pi), and the step size is 2 pi/24. For each fit, the error is recorded; and finally, determining corresponding frequency and phase parameters according to the minimum error.
S4, repeating multi-section fitting: and (3) repeating the step (S3) for a plurality of continuous high frequency bands or low frequency bands, and fitting the frequency of each high frequency band or low frequency band. Since the fitted frequency results exhibit periodicity, the number of fitted high frequency bands covers at least 1 period of resulting change.
S5, frequency averaging: the multi-segment fitting results are averaged over an integer period/periods as measured carrier frequencies.
If the low-frequency carrier frequency of the CPFSK signal is measured, each low-frequency band data is fitted, and the steps are the same as the above method, and the embodiment is not repeated here.
The electronic device of the present invention includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to computer program instructions stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) or computer program instructions loaded from a storage unit into a Random Access Memory (RAM). In the RAM, various programs and data required for the operation of the device can also be stored. The CPU, ROM and RAM are connected to each other by a bus. An input/output (I/O) interface is also connected to the bus.
A plurality of components in a device are connected to an I/O interface, comprising: an input unit such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit such as various types of displays, speakers, and the like; a storage unit such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like; and communication units such as network cards, modems, wireless communication transceivers, and the like. The communication unit allows the device to exchange information/data with other devices via a computer network, such as the internet, and/or various telecommunication networks.
The processing unit performs the respective methods and processes described above, for example, the methods S1 to S5. For example, in some embodiments, methods S1-S5 may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly embodied on a machine-readable medium, such as a storage unit. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto the device via the ROM and/or the communication unit. When the computer program is loaded into RAM and executed by the CPU, one or more steps of the methods S1 to S5 described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the CPU may be configured to perform methods S1-S5 in any other suitable manner (e.g., by means of firmware).
The functions described above herein may be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, without limitation, exemplary types of hardware logic components that may be used include: a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an Application Specific Standard Product (ASSP), a system on a chip (SOC), a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), and the like.
Program code for carrying out methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, causes the functions/operations specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
In the context of the present invention, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid high-precision track circuit carrier frequency identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, AD acquisition: collecting CPFSK signals of a track circuit by utilizing AD timing;
s2, code element segmentation: judging the starting position of each high-frequency band and each low-frequency band for the data sequence acquired by the AD, and respectively extracting a high-frequency band signal and a low-frequency band signal;
s3, fitting intra-segment frequency: fitting frequency and phase to each high-band or low-band signal sub-sequence using a least squares method;
s4, repeating multi-section fitting: repeating the step S3 for a plurality of continuous high frequency bands or low frequency bands, and fitting the frequency of each high frequency band or low frequency band;
s5, frequency averaging: the multi-segment fitting results are averaged over an integer period/periods as measured carrier frequencies.
2. The method for identifying carrier frequency of track circuit in high speed and high precision according to claim 1, wherein the track circuit CPFSK signal is modulated by 8 information and 18 information according to different devices.
3. The method for identifying carrier frequency of track circuit in high speed and high precision according to claim 1, wherein the center frequency of CPFSK signal of track circuit is one of 550Hz, 650Hz, 750Hz and 850 Hz.
4. The method for identifying carrier frequency of track circuit in high speed and high precision according to claim 1, wherein carrier frequency of CPFSK signal of track circuit is central frequency + -55 Hz, and each carrier frequency is 50% modulation period according to modulation frequency variation.
5. The method for identifying carrier frequencies of a fast and high-precision track circuit according to claim 1, wherein said step S2 comprises the steps of:
s21, counting the number of zero crossing points of a signal in a preset time interval by adopting a time domain counting zero crossing point method, and dividing the number by 2 to obtain a rough measurement center frequency of the CPFSK signal of the track circuit, wherein the preset time interval covers a plurality of modulation periods;
s22, filtering the CPFSK signal;
s23, sequentially performing detection and low-pass filtering on the filtered CPFSK signal to obtain a modulated signal of a demodulated CPFSK signal, performing Fourier transformation on the demodulated signal to determine an accurate modulation frequency, and determining a modulation period based on the accurate modulation frequency;
s24, searching the time corresponding to the maximum value in a certain modulation period for the CPFSK signal filtered in the S22, and taking the time as the middle position of the CPFSK signal high carrier frequency signal, extracting signal data in 1/4 of the modulation periods before and after according to the position to obtain a high-frequency band signal in the modulation period, and extracting other high-frequency band signals every other modulation period based on the modulation period determined in the S23; and extracting a low-frequency band signal according to the extracted high-frequency band signal every half of a modulation period.
6. The method for identifying carrier frequencies of a fast and high-precision track circuit according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the fitting function is a sine or cosine function.
7. The method for identifying carrier frequencies of a fast and high-precision track circuit according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the fitting frequency range is a preset frequency range with a preset up-down floating of a high carrier frequency and a low carrier frequency corresponding to a center frequency, and the step length is a preset value; the fitting phase range is [0,2 pi), and the step size is 2 pi/24.
8. The method for identifying carrier frequencies of a fast and high-precision track circuit according to claim 1, wherein said step S4 of repeating the multi-segment fitting covers at least 1 period of resulting change.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the processor, when executing the program, implements the method according to any of claims 1-8.
10. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program, when being executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-8.
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