CN117722135A - Geological drill bit with gauge structure and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a geological drill bit with a gauge structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The drill bit comprises a drill tooth, a steel body, an inner water gap gauge block and an outer water gap gauge block, wherein the drill tooth is axially provided with a three-layer structure of a working layer, a transition layer and a welding layer, one end of the steel body is provided with a connecting thread, and the end face of the other end of the steel body is circumferentially provided with a plurality of welding platforms for welding the drill tooth; an inner welding groove and an outer welding groove for welding the inner water gap gauge block and the outer water gap gauge block are formed in the end face of the steel body between two adjacent drilling teeth, a welding limit structure is arranged between the inner welding groove and the outer welding groove, and the inner water gap gauge block, the welding limit structure and the outer water gap gauge block jointly form a water gap block; in the axial direction of the drill bit, the end face of the top end of the water gap block is higher than the top of the drilling tooth welding layer. The drill bit provided by the invention not only can protect the abrasion of the welding layer of the drill tooth, but also can effectively protect the abrasion of the working part of the steel body, so that the drill hole diameter is consistent, and the subsequent drilling work is ensured to be smooth.

Description

Geological drill bit with gauge structure and manufacturing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a geological drill bit used in geological exploration or engineering exploration drilling, in particular to a geological drill bit with a gauge structure and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

Currently, the vast majority of tools employed in the exploration and engineering of solid ores are diamond geological drill bits. The prior manufacturing method of the diamond geological drill bit mainly comprises the following two steps:

one is an intermediate frequency integral hot-press sintering method. The intermediate frequency integral hot-pressing sintering method is that firstly, the mixture of diamond and metal powder is poured into a designed graphite mould, then the steel blank is placed on the powder, and the metal powder and the diamond are sintered into drilling teeth and are combined with the steel body into a whole by adopting an intermediate frequency electromagnetic induction mode to heat and simultaneously pressurize by an intermediate frequency hot-pressing sintering machine. The drill bit manufactured by the method has the following defects: (1) due to the integral sintering, the overall density is uneven due to the equal height structures of the inner water gap. (2) The density of sintering is lower, and the binding force between the drilling tooth and the steel body is poor. (3) The binding force between the drill tooth and the steel body is influenced by parameters such as the composition of the transition layer, the material of the steel body, the sintering temperature and the like. Furthermore, the intermediate frequency induction sintering temperature has the characteristic of skin effect, the sintering temperature is different from inside to outside, the bonding force between the drill tooth and the steel body is ensured, and the sintering temperature sometimes has to be increased. However, high temperature sintering results in diamond loss, which reduces sharpness and life, and also consumes more energy. (4) The graphite die has high loss and high production cost in the sintering process.

The other is an electroplating method. The electroplating method adopts a sand burying method, the diamond is piled on the surface of the steel body, and the diamond is directly coated with nickel layer by layer to form a drilling tooth structure. Although this method does not damage diamond at high temperatures, the disadvantages are also apparent: on one hand, the electroplated layer has large stress, is not easy to delaminate after being processed well; secondly, the diamond concentration is uncontrollable, and different rocks can not be adjusted and adapted; furthermore, the production cycle is lengthy, typically requiring 7-15 days/batch; the electroplating method has larger pollution, and the prepared drill bit has good sharpness but lower service life.

The invention patent with publication number of CN103953286A, which is the previous research result of the applicant, discloses a welded high-matrix geological drill bit and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the welded high-matrix geological drill bit comprises high-matrix drilling teeth, a water gap block and a steel body. The high-matrix drilling tooth and the water gap block are sintered and molded separately and then are tightly connected to form a drilling tooth crown, and the drilling tooth crown is welded on the steel body by laser; the high carcass drilling tooth consists of a working tooth layer containing broken rock abrasive particles, a transition tooth layer without abrasive particles and a welding tooth layer without abrasive particles, and the total height of the high carcass drilling tooth is 15-35 mm; the water gap block can be manufactured by sintering simple substance powder, various metal powder or alloy powder. The invention adopts high matrix drilling teeth to independently sinter, and designs a self-adaptive abrasion water gap block, thus greatly reducing sintering temperature, reducing diamond damage, improving drilling tooth height, greatly improving drilling efficiency and service life of the drill bit, but the application has the problem of diameter conservation, because a welding layer is usually free of diamond for improving bonding strength, the drill bit is easy to abrade at the root of the welding layer when working at high speed, thereby falling teeth and failing before the drilling teeth are not consumed. Even though the gauge problem can be solved by embedding polycrystalline crystals on the inner surface and the outer surface of the drill tooth, the gauge mode of mechanically embedding the polycrystalline diamond is small in area and not ideal in effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the geological drill with the gauge structure and the manufacturing method thereof, wherein the geological drill can solve the gauge problem of the geological drill.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a take geological drill bit of gauge protection structure, includes bores tooth and steel body, it has working layer, transition layer and weld layer three-layer structure to bore the tooth in the axial, and the one end of steel body is equipped with connecting thread, bores the tooth and evenly distributes in the other end of steel body, and it is different with prior art:

the device also comprises an inner water gap gauge block and an outer water gap gauge block, wherein the inner water gap gauge block is provided with an inner water tank, and the outer water gap gauge block is provided with an outer water tank; the inner water gap gauge block and the outer water gap gauge block are both formed by sintering powder containing abrasive particles;

a plurality of welding platforms are machined on the end face of the other end of the steel body along the circumferential direction, and the drilling teeth are welded on the welding platforms; an inner welding groove and an outer welding groove for welding the inner water gap gauge block and the outer water gap gauge block are further processed on the end face of the steel body between two adjacent drilling teeth, a welding limit structure is arranged between the inner welding groove and the outer welding groove, the end face of the top end of the welding limit structure is higher than a welding platform, and the inner water gap gauge block, the welding limit structure and the outer water gap gauge block between two adjacent drilling teeth jointly form a water gap block;

after the inner water gap gauge block, the outer water gap gauge block and the drill teeth are welded, the plane of the end face of the top end of the water gap block is higher than the plane of the top of the welding layer on the drill teeth in the axial direction of the drill bit.

The depth of the inner welding groove and the outer welding groove can be selected according to the drilling object and the drill pipe specification, and is usually 6-10 mm; the depth of the inner water tank and the outer water tank can be selected according to the drilling object, and is usually 1 to 5mm, so that the cooling liquid can be effectively passed to prevent the drilling.

In order to improve the binding force between the transition layer and the working layer of the drill tooth, a boss extending from the transition layer to the working layer can be arranged between the transition layer and the working layer to play a role of a reinforcing rib. Similarly, from the viewpoint of improving the bonding force between the weld layer and the transition layer, it is preferable to provide a boss extending from the weld layer to the transition layer between the weld layer and the transition layer.

Furthermore, the height of the top end face of the welding limiting structure beyond the welding platform is preferably larger than the height of the welding layer of the drill tooth, so that the drill tooth can bear larger torsion during working.

The working layer of the drilling tooth is preferably designed to be of a structure comprising a working inner layer containing abrasive particles, a first interlayer without abrasive particles, a working middle layer containing abrasive particles, a second interlayer without abrasive particles and a working outer layer containing abrasive particles in sequence from inside to outside in the radial direction, so that the drilling time effect and the service life of the drill bit can be further improved.

Abrasive particles referred to herein may be diamond, or polycrystalline, or a mixture of diamond and polycrystalline.

In a specific implementation process, when the total height of the drilling teeth is 10-30 mm, the height of a welding layer of the drilling teeth is preferably 2-3 mm, the height of a transition layer is 2-3 mm, and the rest is the height of a working layer (6-24 mm); correspondingly, the matching height of the nozzle block is 6-10 mm.

The preparation method of the geological drill bit with the gauge structure comprises the following steps:

1) A, taking steel for manufacturing a steel body, processing connecting threads at one end of the steel, and processing a plurality of welding platforms on the end surface of the other end of the steel body along the circumferential direction, wherein the welding platforms are uniformly distributed on the end surface of the steel body; then processing an inner welding groove and an outer welding groove for welding the inner water gap gauge block and the outer water gap gauge block on the end face of the steel body between two adjacent welding platforms, wherein a welding limit structure exists between the inner welding groove and the outer welding groove, and the end face of the top end of the welding limit structure is higher than the welding platforms to obtain the steel body;

2) Manufacturing a cold-pressed compact of the drilling tooth by adopting a cold-press molding process, and performing batch sintering on the obtained cold-pressed compact at 830-860 ℃ to obtain the drilling tooth;

3) Respectively manufacturing an inner water gap gauge block cold pressed compact and an outer water gap gauge block cold pressed compact by adopting a cold press molding process, and performing batch sintering on the obtained cold pressed compact at 830-860 ℃ to obtain the inner water gap gauge block and the outer water gap gauge block;

4) And respectively welding the drilling teeth, the inner water gap gauge block and the outer water gap gauge block on a welding platform, an inner welding groove and an outer welding groove of the steel body to obtain the geological drill bit with the gauge structure.

Compared with the prior art, the invention is characterized in that:

1. the inner water gap gauge block and the outer water gap gauge block are formed by sintering powder containing abrasive particles and then welded on corresponding inner welding grooves and outer welding grooves, and the water gap block formed by the inner water gap gauge block, the welding limiting structure and the outer water gap gauge block is similar to a working face of a reamer.

2. A welding platform is designed on the end face of the steel body, and the plane of the end face of the top end of the water gap block formed by the inner water gap gauge block, the welding limit structure and the outer water gap gauge block is higher than the plane of the top of the welding layer on the drilling tooth, so that an embedded structure is formed, and the drilling tooth can bear larger torsion force during working; the drill teeth are designed into an axial three-layer structure, the welding layer ensures the welding strength of the drill teeth and the steel body, and the transition layer ensures the bonding force between the welding layer and the working layer; furthermore, the boss which plays a role of the reinforcing rib is designed at the joint of the transition layer and the working layer, so that the bonding force between the transition layer and the welding layer is improved. The design can effectively improve the strength of the drilling teeth and the connection strength of the drilling teeth and the steel body, thereby being capable of effectively facing the complex working conditions of different strata, reducing drilling tooth breakage accidents and improving the reliability of products.

3. In the manufacturing method, the diamond teeth, the inner water gap gauge blocks and the outer water gap gauge blocks are independently subjected to cold press molding and then are sintered in batches, so that the internal density and the uniformity of the traditional integral intermediate frequency hot press sintering are higher, the sintering temperature is reduced from 910-950 ℃ required by the integral intermediate frequency hot press sintering to 830-860 ℃, the sintering time is reduced from original 20-25 minutes to 10-15 minutes, the diamond damage is smaller, and the drill bit performance is better. On the other hand, the graphite mould used in sintering production is split combined and can be reused (reused 5-10 times), the whole sintering mould has larger volume, and most cores can be used only once.

4. The method has obvious advantages on large-diameter drill bits (such as diameter of more than phi 96 mm). Because the large-diameter drill bit is produced by adopting the traditional method, the sintering induction coil is larger, the energy consumption loss is larger, the temperature difference between the inner ring and the outer ring is more obvious, and the performance of the product cannot be ensured; and secondly, the graphite outer ring and the core are larger in size and higher in cost. The drill teeth, the inner water gap gauge block and the outer water gap gauge block are adopted for independent sintering, so that the drill teeth, the inner water gap gauge block and the outer water gap gauge block are basically unchanged, the performance is more stable, and the cost is lower.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a geological drill according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural view of the steel body in the embodiment of fig. 1, in which (a) is a perspective structural view of the steel body and (b) is a plan view of the steel body.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the drill tooth in the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the inner nozzle gage block according to the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the outer nozzle gage block according to the embodiment of fig. 1.

The reference numerals in the figures are:

the steel body comprises a steel body 1, a welding platform 101, a welding groove 102, a welding groove 103, a limiting structure 104, a drilling tooth 2, a welding layer 201, a transition layer 202, a working layer 203, a working inner layer 2031, a first interlayer 2032, a working middle layer 2033, a second interlayer 2034, a working outer layer 2035, a water gap gauge block 3, a water gap gauge block 301, a water gap gauge block 4 and a water gap gauge block 401.

Detailed Description

In order to better explain the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiment of the invention is not limited thereto.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 4 and 5, the geological drill bit with the gauge structure comprises a drill tooth 2, a steel body 1, an inner water gap gauge block 3 and an outer water gap gauge block 4, wherein the steel body 1 is of a cylindrical hollow structure, one end of the steel body is provided with connecting threads, and the connecting threads are used for assembling and connecting the geological drill bit; a plurality of welding platforms 101 are arranged on the end surface of the other end of the steel body 1 along the circumferential direction, the welding platforms 101 and the steel body 1 are integrally formed, and are uniformly distributed on the end surface of the steel body 1; the drilling tooth 2 has a three-layer structure comprising a working layer 203, a transition layer 202 and a welding layer 201 from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the powder used by the working layer 203 and the transition layer 202 contains abrasive particles, the powder used by the welding layer 201 does not contain abrasive particles, and the drilling tooth 2 is uniformly distributed on the steel body 1 by welding on the welding platform 101; an inner welding groove 102 and an outer welding groove 103 for welding the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 are further formed in the end face of the steel body 1 between two adjacent drill teeth 2, a welding limit structure 104 is arranged between the inner welding groove 102 and the outer welding groove 103, the welding limit structure 104 and the steel body 1 are integrally formed, and the top end face of the welding limit structure 104 is higher than the welding platform 101; an inner water tank 301 is arranged on the inner water gap gauge block 3, an outer water tank 401 is arranged on the outer water gap gauge block 4, the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 are formed by sintering powder containing abrasive particles, and after the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 are welded, the inner water gap gauge block 3, the welding limiting structure 104 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 between two adjacent drill teeth 2 jointly form a water gap block; the plane that mouth of a river piece top terminal surface place is higher than the plane that welds layer 201 top place on boring tooth 2, and based on the plane that mouth of a river piece top terminal surface place is higher than the plane that welds layer 201 top place on boring tooth 2, boring tooth 2 forms mosaic structure, makes boring tooth 2 can bear bigger torsion at the during operation.

On the basis of the above, the structure of the drilling tooth 2 can be optimally designed, as shown in fig. 2, a boss which extends from the transition layer 202 to the working layer 203 and plays a role of a reinforcing rib can be arranged between the transition layer 202 and the working layer 203 so as to improve the binding force between the transition layer 202 and the working layer 203 of the drilling tooth 2; further, bonding force between the solder layer 201 and the transition layer 202 is improved by providing a boss extending from the solder layer 201 to the transition layer 202 between the solder layer 201 and the transition layer 202. Preferably, the working layer 203 of the drill tooth 2 may be further designed to have a structure of sequentially from inside to outside including a working inner layer 2031 containing abrasive particles, a first interlayer 2032 containing no abrasive particles, a working middle layer 2033 containing abrasive particles, a second interlayer 2034 containing no abrasive particles, and a working outer layer 2035 containing abrasive particles, so as to improve the drilling time of the drill bit and the service life thereof.

In the invention, the welding limiting structure 104 is similar to a baffle plate structure, so that the movement of the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 in the radial direction of the drill bit is limited, and the functions of improving the stress intensity and welding positioning are achieved. The sizes of the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the inner welding groove 102 are required to be completely matched, and the sizes of the outer water gap gauge block 4 and the outer welding groove 103 are also required to be completely matched, so that after the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 are welded, the outer surface of the outer water gap gauge block 4 can be kept flush with the outer peripheral surface of the steel body 1, and the inner surface of the inner water gap gauge block 3 is flush with the inner peripheral surface of the steel body 1; and the tops of the inner water gap gauge block 3, the outer water gap gauge block 4 and the welding limit structure 104 should be flush, at this time, the top end face of the welding limit structure 104 is the top end face of the water gap block, and preferably the height of the top end face of the welding limit structure 104 exceeding the welding platform 101 is greater than the height of the welding layer 201 of the drilling tooth 2.

Abrasive particles referred to in the present invention may be diamond, or polycrystalline, or a mixture of diamond and polycrystalline.

In the present invention, the depth of the inner welding groove 102 and the outer welding groove 103 may be selected according to the drilling object and the drill pipe specification, and is typically 6-10 mm; the depth of the inner water tank 301 and the outer water tank 401 may be selected according to the drilling object, and is usually 1 to 5mm, and it is preferable to prevent the drilling by effectively passing the cooling liquid.

Depending on the drilling life requirements, the higher the life requirements the higher the overall height of the drill tooth 2. In a specific embodiment, when the total height of the drill tooth 2 is selected to be 10-30 mm, it is preferable that the height of the welding layer 201 of the drill tooth 2 be 2-3 mm, the height of the transition layer 202 be 2-3 mm, and the rest be the height of the working layer 203 (6-24 mm); correspondingly, the matching height of the nozzle block is 6-10 mm.

The preparation method of the geological drill bit with the gauge protection structure comprises the following steps:

1) Taking steel for manufacturing the steel body 1, machining connecting threads at one end of the steel, and machining a plurality of welding platforms 101 on the end face of the other end of the steel body 1 along the circumferential direction, wherein the welding platforms 101 are uniformly distributed on the end face of the steel body 1; then, an inner welding groove 102 and an outer welding groove 103 for welding the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 are processed on the end face of the steel body 1 between two adjacent welding platforms 101, a welding limit structure 104 exists between the inner welding groove 102 and the outer welding groove 103, and the top end face of the welding limit structure 104 is higher than the welding platforms 101, so that the steel body 1 is obtained;

2) Manufacturing a drilling tooth cold pressed compact which sequentially comprises a working layer 203, a transition layer 202 and a welding layer 201 from top to bottom in the axial direction by adopting a cold press molding process, and performing batch sintering on the obtained cold pressed compact at 830-860 ℃ to obtain a drilling tooth 2;

3) Respectively manufacturing an inner water gap gauge block cold pressed compact and an outer water gap gauge block cold pressed compact by adopting a cold press molding process, and performing batch sintering on the obtained cold pressed compact at 830-860 ℃ to obtain an inner water gap gauge block 3 and an outer water gap gauge block 4;

4) And respectively welding the drilling teeth 2, the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 on a welding platform 101, an inner welding groove 102 and an outer welding groove 103 of the steel body 1 to obtain the geological drill bit with the gauge structure.

In the present invention, for the steel material for manufacturing the steel body 1, 20# to 45# common steel material can be selected, and because of the measure of diameter retention, there is no need to select special geological steel materials such as DZ40, DZ50 and the like. The steel material is processed into connecting threads, a welding platform 101, an inner welding groove 102, an outer welding groove 103 and the like according to the structure shown in fig. 2. The complete steel body 1 can be directly processed, and the subsequent elements need to be reprocessed, which is different from the process of carrying out twice mechanical processing on the steel body 1 in the integral sintering process.

In the present invention, the drill teeth 2 are manufactured by cold press molding and then batch sintering, and the drill teeth 2 having the structure shown in fig. 3 will be described below as an example:

(1) cold press molding is performed in two steps: firstly, separately cold-pressing and molding a working inner layer 2031 containing abrasive particles, a working middle layer 2033 containing abrasive particles, a working outer layer 2035 containing abrasive particles, a first interlayer 2032 without abrasive particles and a second interlayer 2034 without abrasive particles until the density is 50-60%; and secondly, putting the blank of each layer obtained by cold press molding into a mold according to the structure shown in fig. 3, and then carrying out cold press molding on powder of the transition layer 202 and powder of the welding layer 201, wherein the density of the blank is 60-67% by cold press, so as to obtain the drilling tooth cold pressed blank with the structure shown in fig. 3.

Wherein, the powder composition of the working layer 203 can be designed according to the drilling rock stratum, and the powder compositions of the working inner layer 2031, the working middle layer 2033 and the working outer layer 2035 are all W, co, ni, cu, mn, sn powder and the like and the mixture of abrasive particles, and the concentration of the abrasive particles is preferably 40-60%; preferably, the powder components of the first interlayer 2032 and the second interlayer 2034 are a mixture of Fe and CuSn powder; the transition layer 202 is required to have higher connection strength with the welding layer 201 and the working layer 203, preferably, the powder of the transition layer 202 consists of 50% of the powder of the working layer 203 and 50% of the powder of the welding layer 201, wherein the abrasive particle concentration is 50-70% of the abrasive particle concentration of the working layer 203; the powder composition of the welding layer 201 can be designed according to the requirements of laser plain carbon steel, and prealloyed powder is generally used for ensuring sintering density and strength, and prealloyed powder of Fe, co and Cu is preferably adopted in the application.

(2) Sintering: and (3) loading the cold pressed compact into a graphite mold, sintering in an internal resistance type vacuum hot-pressing sintering machine, wherein the sintering temperature is 830-860 ℃, the pressure is 25-30 MPa, the heat preservation time is 3-5 min, and the density of the finally sintered product reaches 97-100%. According to the size of the drill teeth 2, 12-30 drill teeth 2 can be sintered at one time, 2-5 drill bits can be manufactured, and the efficiency is higher than that of integral sintering of a single drill bit.

According to the invention, only a single layer of powder material is needed for the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4, the powder material components are preferably a mixture of Fe, cu, W, sn powder and abrasive particles, the abrasive particle concentration is 40-60%, the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 are manufactured in a mode of cold press molding and then batch sintering, specifically, the corresponding cold press mold is selected according to the design size of a drill bit for cold press molding, and then sintering and heat preservation are carried out for 3-5 min under the conditions of 830-860 ℃ and 25-30 MPa. The sintering can be carried out in a multi-layer assembly mode, and 24-60 can be sintered at one time.

In the invention, the drilling teeth 2 are preferably welded on the welding platform 101 by adopting a laser welding mode, and the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 are preferably welded on the inner welding groove 102 and the outer welding groove 103 respectively by adopting a flame brazing mode or a high-frequency brazing mode. Before welding, the steel body 1 needs to be subjected to conventional treatments such as degreasing and rust removal.

The drill bit is used:

the drill bit shown in fig. 1 is arranged on a drill rod of a geological drilling machine, the drilling machine drives the drill rod to rotate at a high speed to drill downwards, and meanwhile drilling fluid is introduced into a drilled hole. The working layer 203 of the drill bit 2 is used for carving and drilling rock, and the working inner layer 2031, the working middle layer 2033 and the working outer layer 2035 containing abrasive particles are always higher than the interlayer due to the five-layer structural design of the working layer 203 in the radial direction of the drill bit, so that a tricuspid tooth structure is always formed in operation, and the drill bit 2 can be carved into rock under a small pressure, thereby ensuring high-efficiency drilling. The whole drill bit has high fracture resistance strength under the support of the welding and welding platform 101, the height of the whole drill tooth 2 can be 30mm, and the service life can be prolonged under the condition of ensuring efficient drilling.

The specification of the drill bit can be designed according to the conventional geological drill bit, wherein the drill tooth 2, the steel body 1, the inner water gap gauge block 3 and the outer water gap gauge block 4 are all designed according to the conventional geological specification, such as phi 36.5 mm/phi 21.5mm, phi 75 mm/phi 47mm, phi 96 mm/phi 63.5mm and the like. If the diameter of the drill bit is smaller, the drill teeth 2 sintered at one time can weld more drill bits, and the production efficiency is higher; the larger the diameter of the drill bit, the more graphite die material can be saved.

Claims (7)

1. The geological drill bit with the gauge structure comprises a drill tooth (2) and a steel body (1), wherein the drill tooth (2) is provided with a three-layer structure of a working layer (203), a transition layer (202) and a welding layer (201) in the axial direction, one end of the steel body (1) is provided with connecting threads, the drill tooth (2) is uniformly distributed at the other end of the steel body (1), and the geological drill bit is characterized in that,

the inner water gap gauge block (3) is provided with an inner water tank (301), and the outer water gap gauge block (4) is provided with an outer water tank (401); the inner water gap gauge block (3) and the outer water gap gauge block (4) are formed by sintering powder containing abrasive particles;

a plurality of welding platforms (101) are machined on the end face of the other end of the steel body (1) along the circumferential direction, and the drilling teeth (2) are welded on the welding platforms (101); an inner welding groove (102) and an outer welding groove (103) for welding the inner water gap gauge block (3) and the outer water gap gauge block (4) are further processed on the end face of the steel body (1) between two adjacent drilling teeth (2), a welding limit structure (104) is arranged between the inner welding groove (102) and the outer welding groove (103), the top end face of the welding limit structure (104) is higher than a welding platform (101), and the inner water gap gauge block (3), the welding limit structure (104) and the outer water gap gauge block (4) between two adjacent drilling teeth (2) jointly form a water gap block;

after the inner water gap gauge block (3), the outer water gap gauge block (4) and the drill teeth (2) are welded, the plane of the end face of the top end of the water gap block is higher than the plane of the top of the welding layer (201) on the drill teeth (2) in the axial direction of the drill bit.

2. Geological drill bit with gauge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a boss extending from the welded layer (201) to the transition layer (202) is arranged between the welded layer (201) and the transition layer (202) of the tooth (2).

3. Geological drill bit with gauge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a boss extending from the transition layer (202) to the working layer (203) is arranged between the transition layer (202) and the working layer (203) of the tooth (2).

4. A geological drill with gauge structure according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the height of the tip end face of the welding limiting structure (104) beyond the welding platform (101) is greater than the height of the welding layer (201) of the drill tooth (2).

5. A geological drill with gauge structure according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the working layer (203) of the tooth (2) has a structure of an inner working layer (2031) containing abrasive particles, a first interlayer (2032) containing no abrasive particles, an intermediate working layer (2033) containing abrasive particles, a second interlayer (2034) containing no abrasive particles and an outer working layer (2035) containing abrasive particles in that order from inside to outside in the radial direction.

6. A geological drill with gauge structure according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that when the total height of the drill tooth (2) is 10-30 mm, wherein the height of the welded layer (201) is 2-3 mm, the height of the transition layer (202) is 2-3 mm, the remainder being the height of the working layer (203); the matching height of the nozzle block is 6-10 mm.

7. A method of making a geological drill with gauge structure as defined in claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) A, taking steel for manufacturing a steel body (1), machining connecting threads at one end of the steel, and machining a plurality of welding platforms (101) on the end face of the other end of the steel body (1) along the circumferential direction, wherein the welding platforms (101) are uniformly distributed on the end face of the steel body (1); then, processing an inner welding groove (102) and an outer welding groove (103) for welding an inner water gap gauge block (3) and an outer water gap gauge block (4) on the end face of the steel body (1) between two adjacent welding platforms (101), wherein a welding limit structure (104) exists between the inner welding groove (102) and the outer welding groove (103), and the top end face of the welding limit structure (104) is higher than the welding platforms (101) to obtain the steel body (1);

2) Adopting a cold press molding process to manufacture a drilling tooth cold pressed compact with a three-layer structure of a working layer (203), a transition layer (202) and a welding layer (201) in the axial direction, and carrying out batch sintering on the obtained cold pressed compact at 830-860 ℃ to obtain a drilling tooth (2);

3) Manufacturing an inner water gap gauge block cold pressed compact and an outer water gap gauge block cold pressed compact respectively by adopting a cold press molding process, and performing batch sintering on the obtained cold pressed compact at 830-860 ℃ to obtain an inner water gap gauge block (3) and an outer water gap gauge block (4);

4) And respectively welding the drilling teeth (2), the inner water gap gauge protection block (3) and the outer water gap gauge protection block (4) on a welding platform (101), an inner welding groove (102) and an outer welding groove (103) of the steel body (1) to obtain the geological drill bit with the gauge protection structure.