CN117709109A - Near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on measured data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on measured data, which is based on near-earth asteroid foundation telescope optical angle measurement data issued by an international asteroid center, and combines given orbit parameters to trace the source of an observation scene when the near-earth asteroid is first discovered through numerical integration, so that scene parameters such as earth-center distance, stars and the like, azimuth angles, celestial coordinates and lunar equality are calculated, distribution of the parameters when the near-earth asteroid is first discovered is obtained through statistical analysis and association analysis methods, and corresponding rules can be given by combining the orbit types and physical parameters of the near-earth asteroid. The method provided by the application can help people to improve the knowledge of the near-earth asteroid discovery scene as a whole and provide reference for future near-earth asteroid discovery searches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of astronomy and aerospace, and particularly relates to a near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on measured data.
Background
The observation scenes such as the position, the star and the like of the near-earth asteroid at the moment of first finding, the ground center distance, the movement rate, the sun-moon position and the like and the relation between the observation scenes and the asteroid orbit type and the physical parameters are known, and the method has important reference value for finding new near-earth asteroid in the future. Besides the observation characteristics of the asteroid itself in a real scene, the sensitivity, coverage capability, instrument noise and the like of the observation equipment and the interference of the background light such as the yellow road light, the bright area near the center of the lunar system, the moon light and the like can reduce the signal to noise ratio of the near-earth asteroid observation, so that the tracking discovery of the asteroid is influenced, and the information is hidden in the real observation data. Therefore, compared with a method of directly performing observation simulation by generating a virtual near-earth asteroid, a real discovery scene can be reflected by performing statistical analysis based on measured data.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on measured data, which is based on near-earth asteroid foundation telescope optical angle measurement data issued by an international asteroid center, and the observation scene when the near-earth asteroid is first discovered is traced by combining given orbit parameters through numerical integration, so that scene parameters such as earth-centered distance, a visual star and the like, azimuth angle, astronomical coordinates and lunar equality when the near-earth asteroid is discovered are calculated, the distribution of the parameters when the near-earth asteroid is first discovered can be obtained through statistical analysis and association analysis methods, and corresponding rules can be given by combining the orbit types and physical parameters of the near-earth asteroid. The invention can help people to improve the knowledge of the near-earth asteroid discovery scene on the whole and provide reference for future near-earth asteroid discovery searches.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on measured data, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining observation data, orbit parameters and physical parameters of a near-earth asteroid from an international asteroid central website, and extracting time when the primary observation is performed, the right ascension and the declination and the station number from the observation data;
establishing an orbit dynamics model of the near-earth asteroid, extrapolating the orbit back to the time of first discovery, solving according to orbit parameters acquired from an international asteroid central website, and calculating orbit information at the time of first discovery;
according to the track information of the first finding, calculating scene parameter information of the first finding, wherein the right-hand warp and the right-hand weft and the measuring station number of the first finding are considered in the calculating process; combining the scene parameter information at the first time of discovery with the track type and the physical parameters to establish an observation scene database at the moment of discovery;
and carrying out statistical analysis based on the observation scene database to obtain scene parameter distribution when the near-earth asteroid is first found.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
further, the method for acquiring the observation data and the orbit parameters of the near-earth asteroid from the international asteroid central website specifically comprises the following steps:
and downloading and acquiring optical observation data, orbit parameters and physical parameters of all asteroids from an international asteroid central website, and screening out the observation data, orbit parameters and physical parameters of the near-earth asteroid according to the definition of the orbit of the near-earth asteroid.
Further, in the process of extracting the time when the near-earth asteroid is first found, the right ascension declination and the station number from the observed data, the number of the observed data is discarded to be less than 10 groups or no target asteroid such as an absolute asteroid can be given.
Further, an orbital motion equation adopted by the orbital dynamics model of the near-earth asteroid is specifically:
wherein r and v respectively represent an asteroid orbit position vector and a speed vector, t represents time, F Sun Representing the sun's attraction, ΣF Planets Representing gravitational perturbation of eight planets, F Moon Representing moonIs the centroid gravitational perturbation of Sigma F Ast The gravitational perturbation of 4 major planets with maximum mass is shown.
Further, the method calculates the orbit information of the near-earth asteroid when first finding according to the orbit parameters obtained from the international asteroid center website, specifically:
the orbit parameters acquired from the international asteroid central website are used as initial values to solve an orbit motion equation, and the orbit position r under the sun-heart yellow track system when the near-earth asteroid is first found is calculated by retrospective extrapolation s 。
Further, the calculating the scene parameter information when the first finding is performed according to the track information when the first finding is performed specifically is:
the position r under the earth center J2000 equatorial system of the near-earth asteroid is obtained by e ：
r e ＝M 1 ·(r s -r E ) T ；
Wherein r is E Is the position of the earth under the Japanese J2000 yellow road system, M 1 Is a transformation matrix from the yellow track coordinate system to the equatorial coordinate system;
the position r of the near-earth asteroid under the station center J2000 equatorial system is obtained by z ：
r z ＝r e -M 2 ·R c T ；
Wherein M is 2 Is a transformation matrix from a ground-fixed coordinate system to a J2000 equatorial system, R c The position vector of the station under the ground fixed coordinate system is calculated by the station number when the near-ground asteroid is found for the first time;
the position vector R of the near-earth asteroid in the horizontal coordinate system is obtained by z ：
R z ＝M 3 ·r z T ；
Wherein M is 3 Is the conversion matrix from equatorial system to horizon system;
the calculation of the scene parameter information at the time of the first discovery includes: based on r z Calculating the declination of the first discovery of the near-earth asteroid, and utilizing the declination to rotateChanging yellow warp, yellow weft and silver Jing Yinwei under the yellow track system; by r z Calculating the star and the like, azimuth angle, lunar phase, included angle with the sun and included angle with the moon when first finding by combining the sun and the lunar ephemeris; based on R z And calculating to obtain the azimuth angle and the altitude angle of the near-earth asteroid when the first time is found.
Further, the r-based z After calculating the right ascent and declination at the first occurrence of the near-earth asteroid, it is compared with the right ascent and declination extracted from the observed data, and if the difference is more than 5 degrees, the target asteroid is discarded.
Further, the scene parameter distribution when the near-earth asteroid first appears includes: the number of near-earth asteroid findings is related to observation time, orbit type, size, moon phase, and solar angle.
The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the above-described method for analyzing a near-earth asteroid finding scene based on measured data.
In addition, the invention also provides electronic equipment, which is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on the measured data.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on the measured data can truly obtain the relation between different orbit types and the near-earth asteroid discovery number of different physical parameters along with time, extrapolate the discovery condition of the near-earth asteroid to a certain extent, truly evaluate the limitation of the foundation telescope in the process of discovering the near-earth asteroid, and provide reference for a near-earth asteroid tracking and monitoring plan.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on measured data.
FIG. 2 is a near asteroid discovery scenario database screenshot.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the discovery of different orbital types of near-earth planets.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of absolute star scores and size scores for the near-earth asteroid found each year and extrapolated results.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the number of near-earth asteroid findings and the place.
Fig. 6 is a schematic of the effect of moonlight pollution on near-earth asteroid findings.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the angle between the sun and the position of the near-earth asteroid finding moment for different diameter ranges.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the silver warp, silver and weft distribution at the moment of first discovery of the near-earth asteroid.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
In an embodiment, the invention provides a near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on measured data, as shown in fig. 1, the method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) The measured data are directly obtained from the international asteroid central website, and the information such as the time when the measured data are first found, the right ascension and declination, the station number and the like are obtained.
(2) By establishing a dynamic model and combining known asteroid orbit parameters, orbit information of the first discovery moment can be obtained retrospectively. It is first necessary to obtain the nearest asteroid orbit parameters from the international asteroid center, and then to push back and forth to the moment of discovery through the integral dynamics equation and obtain the orbit parameters thereof.
(3) The orbit information of the near-earth asteroid is combined with the found station position parameters, and the information of the ground center distance, azimuth angle, altitude angle, movement rate, stars and the like, the phase angle, the station place time, moon phase, silver Jing Yinwei and other scene parameters at the finding moment can be obtained, so that an observation scene database at the finding moment is established. The calculation of these parameters requires the transformation of the asteroid orbit from the sun reference system to the station reference system and is particularly dependent on the position of the station for the calculation of the azimuth and altitude angles at the station site.
(4) And obtaining a general statistical rule by carrying out statistical analysis on the scene parameters. For example, the quantile change of the size of the annual discovered proximal asteroid can be analyzed and plotted, so that the size median of the annual newly discovered proximal asteroid in the future can be extrapolated; and the relation between the found number and the observation time (the upper half night, the lower half night, the upper half month, the lower half month and the like of the lunar calendar, the orbit type, the asteroid size and the like in local time can be analyzed; for example, the asteroid size may be divided into different intervals, the relative duty cycle of different asteroid orbit types within the different size intervals may be examined and given its change over time, so that the effect of the observed selection effect of the near-earth asteroid on the findings may be statistically given.
(5) The relationship between the number and the size, the moon phase and the solar included angle can be further analyzed, so that the advantages and disadvantages of the foundation telescope for finding the near-earth asteroid can be quantitatively evaluated. For example, by analyzing the distribution of the included angles between the asteroid and the sun, it can be obviously seen that the ground telescope is difficult to find the near asteroid located in the direction near the sun, and by analyzing the statistical histogram of the lunar phases at the time of discovery, how the existence of the moon reduces the discovery number of several days before and after the lunar calendar can be quantitatively obtained.
Next, the above steps are further described with reference to specific examples.
Optical observation data of all asteroids, orbit parameters and partial physical parameters (such as absolute asteroid and the like, albedo and the like) of the asteroids are downloaded and acquired from an international asteroid central website (https:// www.minorplanetcenter.net/, MPC), and the observation, orbit and physical parameters of all the near-earth asteroids can be screened according to the definition of the orbit of the near-earth asteroid.
The time when the near-earth asteroid first appears, the right ascension declination and the station number are extracted from the observed data. For very small numbers of partial observations (e.g., less than 10 groups), even target asteroids, such as absolute stars, cannot be given, and these targets are rejected in order to avoid errors in the orbit extrapolation process affecting the analysis results, since the orbit errors are typically large.
In the J2000 Japanese yellow road system, an orbit dynamics model of the near-earth asteroid is built except for solar attraction force F Sun Besides, consider the gravitational perturbation Σf of the eight planets Planets Center of mass gravitational perturbation F of moon Moon Attraction perturbation sigma F of 4 main planets with maximum mass Ast Neglecting the effects of other perturbation forces (accuracy is sufficient for statistical analysis), noting that the asteroid orbit position and velocity vectors are r and v, respectively, the asteroid orbit equation of motion is:
the orbit parameter obtained by MPC is used as an initial value to solve the equation, and the orbit position r under the sun-heart-yellow-tract system when the asteroid is first found is calculated by backtracking extrapolation s The position r under the asteroid geocenter J2000 equatorial system can be obtained in the following manner e ：
r e ＝M 1 ·(r s -r E ) T ；
Wherein r is E Is the position of the earth under the Japanese J2000 yellow road system, M 1 Is a transformation matrix from the yellow track coordinate system to the equatorial coordinate system. The position r of the asteroid below the station center J2000 equatorial system can be further obtained by z ：
r z ＝r e -M 2 ·R c T ；
Wherein M is 2 Is a transformation matrix from a ground-fixed coordinate system to a J2000 equatorial system, R c The position vector of the measuring station in the ground fixed coordinate system is calculated by the measuring station number. Based on r z The value of (2) can calculate the right ascension declination at the discovery moment, then can compare with the right ascension declination in the actual observation data, if the difference exceeds 5 degrees, the orbit extrapolation accuracy is considered to be poor (mainly because of the large orbit determination error of the asteroid itself), and the target is discarded. In addition, utilize r z Combination tooThe sun and moon ephemeris can also calculate the angles of the asteroid, such as the star, azimuth angle, lunar phase, solar angle and moon when the asteroid is found. And the yellow warp and yellow weft under the yellow track system and the silver Jing Yinwei under the silver track system can be directly converted by using the right warp and the right weft.
Further, the position vector R of the asteroid in the horizon coordinate system can be calculated by z ：
R z ＝M 3 ·r z T ；
Wherein M is 3 The azimuth angle and the altitude angle of the asteroid at the discovery moment can be calculated by using the conversion matrix from the equatorial system to the horizon system.
The above calculated parameters are combined with the characteristics of the asteroid itself (such as orbit type, orbit precision, size, etc.), and an observation scene database of the found moment can be established, and the screenshot of the database is shown in fig. 2.
By means of statistical analysis, correlation analysis and data fitting, a scene parameter distribution at the moment of near-earth asteroid discovery can be obtained, for example, the change of the relative proportion of each orbit type (Apollo type, aten type and Amor type) of the near-earth asteroid of different size ranges discovered each year with the time of year and the change of the number of the near-earth asteroid of different orbit types with the size range can be given, so that the influence of observation selection effect on near-earth asteroid discovery can be shown statistically, as shown in fig. 3.
In addition, FIG. 4 also shows the absolute star etc. of the near asteroid found in different years and the change in the quantile value of the size over time and the result extrapolated to 2030. Based on large sample statistics, fig. 5 shows the local time distribution of the moment of first discovery of the near-earth asteroid, and the result shows that the near-earth asteroid can be obtained by approximate fitting with normal distribution.
By analyzing the relationship between the number of findings and the lunar phase, the significant influence of the lunar light pollution on the discovery of the asteroid is also found, the number of findings of the upper half month and the lower half month of the lunar calendar is also not symmetrical, the observation limit of several days before and after the viewing month can cause about 29% of targets to be not found (based on the current overall data, see fig. 6), and the analysis shows that the targets found in the upper half month of the lunar calendar are generally more difficult to be tracked and observed than the targets found in the lower half month. In addition, the sun has an important influence on the tracking discovery of the ground-near asteroid by the ground-based telescope, which is generally difficult to discover small-sized ground-near asteroid from the sun in the 90 ° range, and the limit range will increase as the diameter of the asteroid decreases. Fig. 7 shows the angles between the position of the near earth asteroid at the moment of discovery and the sun for different diameter ranges. However, the near-earth asteroid in the vicinity thereof is also difficult to find because of the large brightness in the silver center direction, as shown in fig. 8.
In a word, the near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on the measured data can comprehensively reflect the real near-earth asteroid discovery situation. Based on the analysis flow, the data in different time periods can be intercepted for analysis, so that the change of a discovery scene of the near-earth asteroid along with time can be given, and reference can be provided for future near-earth asteroid tracking discovery to a certain extent.
In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, where the computer program causes a computer to execute the method for analyzing a near-earth asteroid discovery scene based on measured data according to the first embodiment.
In another embodiment, the present invention further provides an electronic device, including: the system comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on the measured data according to the first embodiment.
In the embodiments disclosed herein, a computer storage medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a computer storage medium would include one or more wire-based electrical connections, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the invention without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a near-earth asteroid discovery scene analysis method based on measured data, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining observation data, orbit parameters and physical parameters of a near-earth asteroid from an international asteroid central website, and extracting time when the primary observation is performed, the right ascension and the declination and the station number from the observation data;
establishing an orbit dynamics model of the near-earth asteroid, extrapolating the orbit back to the time of first discovery, solving according to orbit parameters acquired from an international asteroid central website, and calculating orbit information at the time of first discovery;
according to the track information of the first finding, calculating scene parameter information of the first finding, wherein the right-hand warp and the right-hand weft and the measuring station number of the first finding are considered in the calculating process; combining the scene parameter information at the first time of discovery with the track type and the physical parameters to establish an observation scene database at the moment of discovery;
and carrying out statistical analysis based on the observation scene database to obtain scene parameter distribution when the near-earth asteroid is first found.
2. The method for analyzing the near-earth asteroid discovery scene based on measured data according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for acquiring the observation data and the orbit parameters of the near-earth asteroid from the international asteroid central website comprises the following specific steps:
and downloading and acquiring optical observation data, orbit parameters and physical parameters of all asteroids from an international asteroid central website, and screening out the observation data, orbit parameters and physical parameters of the near-earth asteroid according to the definition of the orbit of the near-earth asteroid.
3. The method for analyzing the near-earth asteroid discovery scene based on measured data according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the process of extracting the time when the near-earth asteroid is first found, the right ascension declination and the station number from the observed data, the number of the observed data is discarded to be less than 10 groups or the target asteroid such as the absolute asteroid cannot be given.
4. The method for analyzing the near-earth asteroid discovery scene based on measured data according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the orbit motion equation adopted by the orbit dynamics model of the near-earth asteroid is specifically as follows:
wherein r and v respectively represent an asteroid orbit position vector and a speed vector, t represents time, F Sun Representing the sun's attraction, ΣF Planets Representing gravitational perturbation of eight planets, F Moon Representing gravitational perturbation of the moon, ΣF Ast The gravitational perturbation of 4 major planets with maximum mass is shown.
5. The method for analyzing the near-earth asteroid discovery scene based on measured data according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: solving according to the orbit parameters acquired from the international asteroid central website, and calculating the orbit information of the near-earth asteroid when the asteroid is first found, wherein the orbit information is specifically as follows:
the orbit parameters acquired from the international asteroid central website are used as initial values to solve an orbit motion equation, and the orbit position r under the sun-heart yellow track system when the near-earth asteroid is first found is calculated by retrospective extrapolation s 。
6. The method for analyzing the near-earth asteroid discovery scene based on measured data according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the scene parameter information at the first time is calculated according to the track information at the first time, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the position r under the earth center J2000 equatorial system of the near-earth asteroid is obtained by e ：
r e ＝M 1 ·(r s -r E ) T ；
Wherein r is E Is the position of the earth under the Japanese J2000 yellow road system, M 1 Is a transformation matrix from the yellow track coordinate system to the equatorial coordinate system;
the position r of the near-earth asteroid under the station center J2000 equatorial system is obtained by z ：
r z ＝r e -M 2 ·R c T ；
Wherein M is 2 Is a transformation matrix from a ground-fixed coordinate system to a J2000 equatorial system, R c The position vector of the station under the ground fixed coordinate system is calculated by the station number when the near-ground asteroid is found for the first time;
the position vector R of the near-earth asteroid in the horizontal coordinate system is obtained by z ：
R z ＝M 3 ·r z T ；
Wherein M is 3 Is the conversion matrix from equatorial system to horizon system;
the calculation of the scene parameter information at the time of the first discovery includes: based on r z Calculating the right ascent and the declination when the near-earth asteroid first appears, and converting the right ascent and the declination to obtain yellow longitude and yellow latitude under a yellow track system and silver Jing Yinwei under a silver track system; by r z Calculating the star and the like, azimuth angle, lunar phase, included angle with the sun and included angle with the moon when first finding by combining the sun and the lunar ephemeris; based on R z And calculating to obtain the azimuth angle and the altitude angle of the near-earth asteroid when the first time is found.
7. The method for analyzing the near-earth asteroid discovery scene based on measured data according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the r is based on z After calculating the right ascent and declination at the first occurrence of the near-earth asteroid, it is compared with the right ascent and declination extracted from the observed data, and if the difference is more than 5 degrees, the target asteroid is discarded.
8. The method for analyzing the near-earth asteroid discovery scene based on measured data according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the scene parameter distribution when the near-earth asteroid is first found comprises: the number of near-earth asteroid findings is related to observation time, orbit type, size, moon phase, and solar angle.
9. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the near-earth asteroid finding scene analysis method based on measured data according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the method for analyzing a near-earth asteroid finding scene based on measured data according to any one of claims 1-8 when the computer program is executed.
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