CN117705842A - Online coal ash content instrument and detection method - Google Patents
Online coal ash content instrument and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117705842A CN117705842A CN202311694813.0A CN202311694813A CN117705842A CN 117705842 A CN117705842 A CN 117705842A CN 202311694813 A CN202311694813 A CN 202311694813A CN 117705842 A CN117705842 A CN 117705842A
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- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052695 Americium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LXQXZNRPTYVCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N americium atom Chemical compound [Am] LXQXZNRPTYVCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application provides an online coal ash content appearance and detection method relates to coal ash and surveys technical field, and this online coal ash content appearance includes: an output capable of emitting gamma rays of at least two different energies; at least two detectors which are respectively arranged at the upper side and the lower side of the conveyer belt with the output device, wherein each detector is used for detecting gamma rays of one energy and acquiring the ray intensity of the gamma rays; a drive assembly for driving the output and the detector to reciprocate along the transverse direction of the conveyor belt; the controller is used for receiving the ray intensity of the gamma rays detected by the detector and calculating the ash value of the coal according to the ray intensity of the gamma rays, so that the comprehensive scanning of the materials on the conveyor belt is realized through the coal ash analyzer in the process of conveying the coal on the conveyor belt, and the detection accuracy of the coal ash can be effectively improved by matching with the coal ash detection method.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of coal ash detection, in particular to an online coal ash meter and a detection method.
Background
Coal ash is an important index reflecting coal quality. Based on nuclear physical technology, the dual-energy gamma-ray transmission type coal ash analyzer manufactured by adopting the dual-energy gamma-ray transmission principle realizes on-line real-time detection of coal ash transported by a conveyor, and is widely applied to coal quality control.
Traditional dual-energy gamma-ray transmission type coal ash analyzer adopts low-energy americium source 241 Am) and a medium energy cesium source 137 Cs) as a radioactive source, wherein 241 Am is used to detect the coal ash, 137 cs is used to eliminate thickness and density effects.
When detecting the coal ash transported by the conveyor, the gamma-ray output device and the gamma-ray detector are fixed and cannot move, and only the small fixed areas can be sampled and detected, so that the ash of the material on the conveyor is not the ash of the whole material, the representativeness is poor, the measurement accuracy is low, and especially when the granularity of the coal transported by the conveyor is changed greatly, the detection error is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an online coal ash analyzer and a detection method, so as to solve the problems that the ash content measured by the existing coal ash analyzer is not the ash content of all materials, the representativeness is poor, and the measurement accuracy is low.
In order to solve the problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the present application provides an online coal ash meter for detect coal transported on a conveyor's conveyer belt, comprising:
an output capable of emitting gamma rays of at least two different energies;
the at least two detectors and the output device are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the conveyor belt, and each detector is used for detecting the gamma rays of one energy and acquiring the ray intensity of the gamma rays;
a driving assembly for driving the follower and the detector to reciprocate along a width direction of the conveyor belt;
and the controller is used for receiving the ray intensity of the gamma rays detected by the detector and calculating the ash value of the coal according to the ray intensity of the gamma rays.
In some possible designs, the driving assembly includes a first driving member and a second driving member, the first driving member is connected with the output device to drive the output device to move, the second driving member is connected with the detector to drive the detector to move, the first driving member and the second driving member are electrically connected with the controller, and the controller is further used for controlling the first driving member and the second driving member to enable the detector and the output device to move synchronously.
In some possible designs, the conveyor belt further comprises a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises two support arms which respectively extend to the upper side and the lower side of the conveyor belt, sliding rails or guide rods which extend along the width direction of the conveyor belt are arranged on the support arms, and the first driving piece and the second driving piece are respectively arranged on the two support arms;
the first driving piece with the second driving piece all includes slip table, lead screw and driving motor, the lead screw with the support arm rotates to be connected, just the lead screw is followed the width direction of conveyer belt extends, the slip table with lead screw threaded connection, and with slide rail or guide bar sliding connection, driving motor installs on the support arm, just driving motor's output with the lead screw is connected, in order to drive the lead screw is rotatory, the follower is installed first driving piece on the slip table, the detector is installed second driving piece on the slip table.
The second aspect of the present application provides a method for detecting a coal ash content, which is applied to the online coal ash content analyzer of the first aspect, wherein the gamma rays output by the output device include a first gamma ray and a second gamma ray, and the method for detecting a coal ash content includes:
acquiring the ray intensity of gamma rays through a detector in a preset period of time in the process of conveying coal by a conveying belt, wherein the ray intensity of the gamma rays comprises a first ray intensity corresponding to the first gamma rays and a second ray intensity corresponding to the second gamma rays;
and determining the ash value of the coal on the conveyor belt in the preset period according to the ray intensity of the gamma rays.
In some possible designs, the first gamma ray is 241 Am rays, the second gamma rays are 137 Cs rays.
In some possible designs, the determining the ash value of the coal on the conveyor belt for the preset period of time includes:
dividing the ray intensity of all the gamma rays into n measurement groups according to the moving track of the detector, wherein each measurement group comprises m measurement points;
setting the length of a moving track of the detector along the transverse direction of the conveying belt as B, marking the moving length of the conveying belt as D in the preset period of time to form a detection area with the width of B and the length of D, and dividing materials in the detection area into m multiplied by n measurement areas according to the positions of each measurement group and each measurement point in the detection area;
the ash value of the material on the conveyor belt in the preset period is obtained through a preset coal ash calculation formula, and the preset coal ash calculation formula is as follows:
wherein A is d [j,i]And the two-dimensional array is formed by the coal ash content in the measuring area corresponding to the measuring point of the j-th measuring group.
In some possible designs, further comprising:
and determining the mass load of the material on the conveying belt within the preset period according to the second ray intensity.
In some possible designs, the determining the mass load of material on the conveyor belt for the preset period of time includes:
obtaining the material mass load on the conveyor belt in a unit length according to a preset material mass load calculation formula:
wherein W [ j, i ] is a two-dimensional array composed of the material masses of the measurement areas corresponding to the measurement points in the j-th measurement group;
Δx (j) is the distance between the 0 th measurement point and the m-th measurement point of the j-th measurement group in the conveying direction of the conveying belt;
j, i represents a two-dimensional array composed of the second ray intensities corresponding to the measurement points of the J-th measurement group when coal is present on the conveyor belt;
J 0 [j,i]and when the conveyor belt is free of coal, the j-th two-dimensional array formed by the second ray intensities corresponding to the measurement points of the measurement group is represented.
In some possible designs, further comprising:
determining mass weighted ash according to the ash value and the material mass load and the mass weighted ash calculation formula, wherein the mass weighted ash calculation formula is as follows:
wherein W is the total coal mass transported by the conveyor belt after the conveyor belt runs for a time t according to a speed v,
W Ad for the total ash mass of the coal transported by the conveyor belt after the running time t according to the speed v,L Ad ＝A d1 ×L m 。
in some possible designs, the detector is movable to the outside of opposite sides of the conveyor belt, the soot fraction detection method further comprising:
dividing the moving track of the detector into a plurality of detection sections, wherein the detection sections at least comprise a first detection section positioned outside the right edge of the conveying belt, a second detection section overlapped with the conveying belt and a third detection section positioned outside the left edge of the conveying belt;
acquiring the ray intensity of the gamma rays in each detection interval;
and determining whether the conveyor belt is deviated or not according to the change of the ray intensity of the gamma rays in each detection interval.
According to the online coal ash content meter and the detection method, the online coal ash content meter drives the output device and the detector to reciprocate along the width direction of the conveying belt of the conveyor through the driving assembly, so that the comprehensive scanning of materials on the conveying belt is realized, the detection of small-range sampling is not performed in a fixed area, the detection precision of coal can be effectively improved, the online coal ash content meter can be used for detecting coal ash with uniform granularity, and the online coal ash content meter can also adapt to working condition environments with large granularity changes of raw coal in a coal mine, and is wide in application range; meanwhile, the detection method provided by the application can be effectively matched with an online coal ash analyzer, so that the calculation of the ash value of the coal is realized, the calculated amount is low, and the calculation speed is high.
It should be understood that the description of this section is not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the application or to delineate the scope of the application. Other features of the present application will become apparent from the description that follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
FIG. 1 is a side view of an in-line coal ash meter provided by an embodiment of this application;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the in-line coal ash meter of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting soot fraction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a trace of a scanning point of an online coal ash meter provided in an embodiment of the application in a state where a conveyor is stopped;
fig. 5 is a second flow chart of a method for detecting coal ash according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a trace of a scanning point of an online coal ash meter provided in an embodiment of the application in a conveyor running state;
FIG. 7 is a third schematic diagram of the trajectory of the scan point of the on-line coal ash meter provided by the embodiments of the present application;
fig. 8 is a graph showing the distribution of gamma ray intensities across different detection intervals.
Reference numerals:
100-conveying belt; 210-an outputter; 220-a detector; 230-driving a motor; 240-sliding table; 250-screw rod; 260-support arm.
Specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in more detail. These drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concepts in any way, but to illustrate the concepts of the present application to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples are not representative of all implementations consistent with the present application.
Noun interpretation:
coal ash: the coal is composed of combustible organic matters and non-combustible mineral matters, wherein the constituent elements of the organic matters are mainly C, H, N, O, namely 'low Z element'; the constituent elements of the mineral are mainly Si, al, fe, ca, mg, S, namely "high Z element". The coal ash is the percentage of the mass of the oxide of the high Z element after the coal is fully and completely burned at a certain temperature.
The gamma-ray output and gamma-ray detector of a traditional dual-energy gamma-ray transmission ash meter are fixed at a fixed position on a rubber belt conveyor. The gamma ray output port of the gamma ray output device is a collimation hole with the diameter of 20 mm. Only one rectangular area with the bottom width of phi 20mm and the height of the material on the adhesive tape, which is on the cross section of the adhesive tape of the whole adhesive tape conveyor, is penetrated by gamma rays. And only one cuboid area with the bottom width of 20-30mm and the height of the material thickness on the adhesive tape is sampled in the longitudinal direction of the whole adhesive tape. This makes the ash meter measure that the ash of the material on the tape is not the ash of the whole material, and is poor in representativeness. If the coal particle size of the belt conveyor varies greatly, the ash error measured will be greater.
In order to avoid the problem, the application provides an online coal ash meter and a detection method, wherein the online coal ash meter can enable a detector and an output device to reciprocate along the width direction of a conveying belt of a conveyor in the process of conveying coal by the conveyor, and the conveying belt also conveys materials along the longitudinal direction, so that the sampling interval of the ash meter is continuously changed, and the comprehensive scanning of the materials on the conveying belt is realized. The detection method is effectively matched with the online coal ash analyzer, and after the detector obtains the ray intensity of gamma rays, the ash value of the materials on the conveyor belt can be rapidly determined, the accuracy is high, and the urgent requirements of modern production in the coal industry can be met.
The following describes the technical solutions of the present application and how the technical solutions of the present application solve the above technical problems in detail with specific embodiments. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments. Embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides an on-line coal ash meter for detecting coal conveyed on a conveyor belt 100 of a conveyor, which includes an output device 210, a detector 220, a driving assembly, and a controller.
Wherein the output 210 is capable of emitting gamma rays of at least two different energies, e.g 241 Am rays 137 The radiation of Cs is directed to the surface of the wafer, 241 the Am radiation is used to detect coal ash, 137 the Cs rays are used to eliminate the influence of thickness and density, which are two types of gamma rays commonly used in measuring coal ash values at present, and of course, other energy gamma rays can be selected according to practical use requirements, and it is understood that this embodiment is only illustrative and not limiting.
Correspondingly, at least two detectors 220 are provided, one detector 220 is used for receiving gamma rays of one energy and acquiring the ray intensity of the gamma rays, and meanwhile, the detectors 220 and the output device 210 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the conveyor belt 100. Typically, the output 210 is disposed below the conveyor belt 100, i.e., below the layer of the conveyor belt 100 that is used by the conveyor to convey material, and the detector 220 is disposed above the conveyor belt 100, i.e., above the material conveyed on the conveyor belt 100, and opposite each other, such that the detector 220 receives the corresponding gamma rays that pass through the conveyor belt 100. While the driving assembly is used to drive the output device 210 and the detector 220 to reciprocate along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100, it is understood that the output device 210 and the detector 220 move synchronously to ensure that the detector 220 can receive the gamma rays emitted from the output device 210.
In addition, the detector 220 is in communication with a controller for receiving the intensity of gamma rays detected by the detector 220 and calculating the ash value of the coal on the conveyor belt 100 based on the intensity of gamma rays. It will be appreciated that the controller may also be communicatively coupled to the output 210, the drive assembly to control the output 210 and the drive assembly directly through the controller. Of course, additional devices may be added to control the output 210 and the driving assembly, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In the process of conveying coal by the conveyor belt 100, the driving assembly drives the detector 220 and the output device 210 to reciprocate along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100 (the direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 100 in fig. 2), and in the moving process, coal ash is continuously detected through gamma rays, meanwhile, after the ray intensity of the gamma rays is acquired by the detector 220, the ray intensity of the gamma rays can be directly transmitted to the controller, and the controller calculates the ash value of the coal conveyed by the conveyor belt 100 in a certain period according to the ray intensity of the gamma rays, so that comprehensive scanning of materials on the conveyor belt 100 is realized, the detection precision of coal ash is effectively improved, and the ash detection of coal with uniform granularity and large granularity change can be simultaneously adapted, and the adaptability is wider.
In some possible embodiments, the driving assembly includes a first driving member coupled to the follower 210 to drive the follower 210 to reciprocate along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100, and a second driving member coupled to the detector 220 to drive the detector 220 to reciprocate along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100.
The first driving member and the second driving member are electrically connected to the controller, so that the controller controls the first driving member and the second driving member to enable the detector 220 and the output device 210 to move synchronously, thereby ensuring that the detector 220 can always receive the gamma rays emitted by the output device 210.
Further, the on-line coal ash meter further comprises a supporting frame, the supporting frame comprises two supporting arms 260 which respectively extend to the upper side and the lower side of the conveyor belt 100, one supporting arm 260 is used for supporting the output device 210 and the first driving piece, the other supporting arm 260 is used for supporting the detector 220 and the second driving piece, the supporting frame can be in a C shape, namely, a connecting part in the middle and the two supporting arms 260 form a shape similar to the C shape, the connecting part is used for being connected with a bracket for supporting the ash meter, the connecting part is positioned on one side of the conveyor belt 100, the conveyor belt 100 is avoided, and two ends of the supporting frame are respectively connected with one supporting arm 260. It will be appreciated that the support frame may have other shapes as long as it effectively supports the output 210 and the detector 220.
Meanwhile, both support arms 260 are provided with slide rails or guide bars, which extend along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100 to guide the movement of the follower 210 and the detector 220. The first driving member and the second driving member each include a sliding table 240, a screw 250, and a driving motor 230, the driving motor 230 is mounted on the supporting arm 260, and an output end thereof is connected with the screw 250 for driving the screw 250 to rotate, the screw 250 is rotatably connected with the supporting arm 260, and is supported by the supporting arm 260, while the screw 250 extends along a width direction of the conveyor belt 100, and the sliding table 240 is threadedly connected with the screw 250 and slidably connected with a sliding rail or a guide rod, and when the screw 250 rotates, the sliding table 240 moves along a length direction of the screw 250. Wherein the follower 210 is mounted on the slide 240 of the first driving member, and the detector 220 is mounted on the slide 240 of the second driving member.
It is understood that the screw 250 may be a unidirectional screw or a reciprocating screw. When the screw rod 250 is a reciprocating screw rod, the driving motor 230 only needs to rotate the reciprocating screw rod, so that the follower 210 and the detector 220 can reciprocate along the screw rod 250 along with the sliding table 240. When the screw 250 is a unidirectional screw, the controller can control the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the driving motor 230 to control the movement directions of the output device 210 and the detector 220.
In addition, the driving motor 230 may be an ac servo motor, which requires only a few milliseconds from rest to acceleration to a rated rotational speed, and is equipped with an ac driver having protection functions of overload, overheat, low voltage, high voltage, short circuit, and the like.
Of course, the drive motors 230 of the first and second drive members are electrically connected to the controller to control the synchronous and co-directional operation of the two by the controller, thereby moving the detector 220 and receiver synchronously.
For ease of understanding, the following description will be given by taking two of the output device 210 and the detector 220 as examples. One of the outputs 210 is for transmitting 241 Am ray, another outputter 210 for emitting 137 Cs rays, with detectors 220 arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the output 210, one detector 220 for receiving 241 Am ray, another detector 220 for receiving 137 Cs rays.
The two outfeeders 210 are fixed side by side on the slide table 240 of the first driving member, and of course, for effective measurement, the two outfeeders 210 are arranged side by side along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 100, that is, they can reach the edge of the conveyor belt 100 simultaneously. For example, two fixing holes may be formed on the sliding table 240, where one fixing hole corresponds to fixing one follower 210, and of course, other manners may be used to fix the follower 210 on the sliding table 240, which is not limited herein. Accordingly, the detector 220 may be fixed on the sliding table 240 in the same manner, so long as the detector 220 is ensured to coincide with the central axis of the corresponding output device 210, and the gamma ray emitted by the output device 210 can be successfully received.
It will be appreciated that the drive assembly may have other configurations, so long as the drive output 210 and the detector 220 can be synchronously moved along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100, and the present application is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment further provides a method for detecting coal ash, which uses the online coal ash meter in the above embodiment to detect, and the method includes:
s301, enabling the detector 220 and the output device 210 to move at a constant speed along the width direction of the conveying belt 100, and acquiring the ray intensity of gamma rays through the detector 220;
specifically, in order to completely detect the ash content of the coal on the cross section of the conveyor belt 100, the moving track of the detector 220 and the follower 210 should completely cover the left and right sides of the conveyor belt 100, i.e., the gamma rays may pass through the cross section of the conveyor belt 100 along with the movement of the detector 220 and the follower 210.
In addition, the gamma rays outputted from the outputter 210 include a first gamma ray and a second gamma ray, which may be any rays that can be used to detect coal ash.
Is generally used 241 Am rays are used as first gamma rays 137 Cs rays are used as the second gamma rays. The following are all outputted by the output unit 210 241 Am rays 137 Cs rays are illustrated as examples.
Correspondingly, the gamma ray intensity obtained by the detector 220 also includes and is related to 241 First ray intensity corresponding to Am ray and corresponding to 137 And the second ray intensity corresponding to the Cs ray.
S302, determining the ash value of the coal on the conveyor belt 100 in a preset period according to the ray intensity of the gamma rays.
In particular the number of the elements, 241 am low energy gamma rays 137 The energy gamma rays in Cs can be attenuated after passing through coal, and the attenuation of the energy gamma rays is related to ash content of the coal. The content of the high Z element is measured by measuring the attenuation of the medium and low energy rays of the high Z element and the low Z element in the coal, and the ash content of the coal is obtained, and the principle is as follows:
241 after Am low-energy narrow-beam gamma rays pass through a substance, the intensity of the gamma rays decays exponentially:
I＝I 0 exp(-μ L ρh) (1)
where I is coal, the detector 220 detects within a certain time interval 241 Gamma counts of Am; i 0 In the absence of coal, the detector 220 measures at regular intervals 241 Gamma counts of Am; mu (mu) L Is coal pair 241 The mass attenuation coefficient of Am gamma rays; ρ is the bulk density of the coal; h is the thickness of the coal.
Also, the process of the present invention is, 137 after the narrow beam gamma rays in Cs pass through the substance, the intensity of the gamma rays is also attenuated exponentially:
J＝J 0 exp(-μ m ρh) (2)
where J is coal, the detector 220 measures within a certain time interval 137 Gamma counts of Cs; j (J) 0 In the absence of coal, the detector 220 measures at regular intervals 137 Gamma counts of Cs; mu (mu) m Is coal pair 137 Mass attenuation coefficient of Cs gamma rays.
So the ash value A of the measured coal sample d Can be calculated from the following formula:
wherein mu z Is a pair of high Z elements in coal 241 Am low energy narrow beam gamma ray mass attenuation coefficient; mu (mu) c Is a low Z element pair in coal 241 Am low energy narrow beam gamma ray mass attenuation coefficient.
Whereas gamma ray mass attenuation coefficient mu L 、μ m 、μ z 、μ c Is constant for a specific coal type.
The preset time period is a time period calibrated according to practical situations, the value of the preset time period is not fixed, and the embodiment is not limited herein.
When the conveyor conveys coal, if the conveyor runs for a preset period of time, the conveyor belt 100 is stopped for a certain period of time, and in the process of stopping the conveyor belt 100, the driving assembly drives the output device 210 and the detector 220 to move along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100, the track of the scanning point of the coal ash analyzer is shown in fig. 4, and one is medium energy 137 Cs gamma ray intensity signal line, the other is low energy 241 And the gamma ray intensity signal lines of Am are parallel to each other. Substituting the gamma ray intensity corresponding to each point on the signal line into the formula (3) to calculate the ash value of each point on the signal line, thereby obtaining all ash values of the materials on the cross section of the conveyor belt 100, and further determining the total ash value of the coal conveyed by the conveyor belt 100 in a preset period.
According to the coal ash content detection method, the detector 220 and the output device 210 can move along the width direction of the conveying belt 100, so that the comprehensive scanning of materials on the conveyor is realized, the detection precision of the whole ash content of coal conveyed by the conveyor can be effectively improved, and the method can be applied to working condition environments with large granularity change of raw coal of a coal mine, and is wide in application range.
Referring to fig. 5, in order to improve the detection efficiency, the method for detecting the soot fraction in the embodiment includes:
s501, in the process of conveying coal by the conveyor, enabling the detector 220 and the output device 210 to reciprocate at a constant speed along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100, and acquiring the ray intensity of gamma rays in a preset period;
specifically, during the movement of the conveyor belt 100 of the conveyor, the driving assembly always drives the follower 210 and the detector 220 to reciprocate at a constant speed along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100, so that the track of the scanning point of the coal ash analyzer is shown in fig. 6, and the signal line formed on the conveyor belt 100 by scanning is two mutually parallel saw-tooth waves, and the slope of the saw-tooth waves is related to the linear speed of the conveyor.
S502, dividing the ray intensity of all gamma rays into n measurement groups according to the moving track of the detector 220, wherein each measurement group comprises m measurement points;
specifically, a single pass of the detector 220 along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100 is taken as one measurement set (a section of the sawtooth wave), and the γ -ray scanning is continuous, so that the scanning track corresponding to each measurement set is a continuous line segment composed of a plurality of points, while the single pass distance of the detector 220 along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100 is fixed, and the γ -ray intensity can be taken at regular intervals (i.e. one measurement point is marked at regular intervals), so that each measurement set can be assumed to contain m measurement points.
S503, establishing a coordinate system, and determining coordinates of measurement points corresponding to all measurement groups in a preset period;
specifically, the coordinate system may be established by taking the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 100 as the X axis (the moving direction of the conveyor belt 100 for conveying the material), the width direction of the conveyor belt 100 as the Y axis, and the direction perpendicular to the surface of the conveyor belt 100 as the Z axis, and then determining the coordinates of each measurement point in the coordinate system.
It will be appreciated that the coordinates of each measurement point include a first coordinate corresponding to the first radiation intensity and a second coordinate corresponding to the second radiation intensity.
S504, dividing materials in a detection area into m multiplied by n measurement areas;
specifically, a distance of one pass of the detector 220 along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100 is defined as B, and the measurement points of each measurement group are marked as 0,1, 2 … i … m-1, m; the length of the moving conveyor belt 100 in the preset period is marked as D, a detection area with the length of D and the width of B is formed, and the measuring groups are marked as 0,1 and 2 … j … n-1 and n along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 100; the trajectory of the scan point of the soot analyzer is shown in fig. 7.
The intermediate energy corresponding to the measurement point in the first measurement group 137 The second sitting marks of Cs are J (0, 0), J (0, 1) … J (0, i) … J (0, m), and the middle energy corresponding to the measuring point in the nth measuring group 137 The second seats of Cs are marked J (n, 0), J (n, 1) … J (n, i) … J (n, m); corresponding low energy of the measuring points in the first measuring group 241 The first sitting of Am is marked as I (0, 0), I (0, 1) … I (0, I) … I (0, m), the low energy corresponding to the measurement point in the nth measurement group 241 The first seats of Am are marked I (n, 0), I (n, 1) … I (n, I) … I (n, m), then the material in the dxb detection zone is divided into n x m measurement areas.
S505, calculating ash values of materials on the conveyer belt 100 in a preset period.
Specifically, in acquiring the ash values that can be obtained according to the preset coal ash calculation formula (4), the preset coal ash calculation formula (4) can be obtained as follows:
energy of the middle energy 137 Cs rays, low energy 241 The ray intensity corresponding to the Am ray is identified through a data set positioned by the first coordinate and the second coordinate, and then the following steps are obtained:
137 the intensity data of the second gamma ray corresponding to Cs is J [ J, i ]](j∈[0,n],i∈[0,m])；
241 Am corresponds toThe intensity data of the first gamma ray is I [ j, I ]](j∈[0,n],i∈[0,m])。
Correspondingly, when no coal (empty belt) exists on the conveyor belt, the intensity data of the second gamma ray is J 0 [j,i](j∈[0,n],i∈[0,m]) And J 0 [j,i]The points in (a) and J [ J, i ]]One-to-one correspondence of points in (a).
When no coal is on the conveyor belt, the intensity data of the first gamma ray is I 0 [j,i](j∈[0,n],i∈[0,m]) And I 0 [j,i]Points and I [ j, I ]]One-to-one correspondence of points in (a).
Will J 0 [n,m]、I 0 [n,m]，J[n,m]、I[n,m]By taking in equation (3), the ash per volume of material in each of the n×m measurement zones can be calculated.
Two-dimensional array A for ash value data of each measuring area d [n,m]Expressed as:
A d [0,0]＝{A d (0,0),A d (0,1),…A d (0,i)…A d (0,m)}；
…
A d [j,i]＝{A d (j,0),A d (j,1),…A d (j,i)…A d (j,m)}；
…
A d [n,m]＝{A d (n,0),A d (n,1),…A d (n,i)…A d (n,m)}。
the ash value (a) of the coal on the conveyor belt 100 within a preset period of time (within the d×b region of the surface of the conveyor belt 100) d1 (wt%) is:
wherein j represents the j-th measurement group; i denotes the i-th measurement point in the j-th measurement group.
According to the coal ash content detection method, in the process of conveying coal through the conveyor, the coal ash content can be comprehensively scanned without stopping, so that the efficiency is high, the detection accuracy is greatly improved, the coal ash content detection method can be suitable for coal with uniform granularity and coal with larger granularity change, and the application range is extremely wide.
Further, the mass of the material on the conveyor belt 100 can be measured by the on-line coal ash meter in the above embodiment without measuring by a platform scale, which is convenient to use and can reduce the use cost.
Specifically, medium energy 137 The gamma-ray attenuation of Cs is only related to the mass thickness of the coal on the conveyor belt 100. By means of 137 The gamma rays of Cs continuously and comprehensively scan the transverse section of the material on the conveyer belt 100 to calculate the coal load on the conveyer belt 100, and the mass of the coal conveyed on the conveyer belt 100 is obtained through accumulation.
I.e. measuring 137 After the radiation intensity of the Cs radiation, the material quality can be obtained through a preset material quality load calculation formula (6), and the preset material quality load calculation formula (6) can be determined in the following manner:
as can be seen from equation (1), the material load at any point on the conveyor belt 100 is:
wherein k is 1 Is the load constant.
When no coal is on the conveyor belt 100 137 Gamma ray intensity data J for Cs 0 [j,i]And when there is coal on the conveyor belt 100 137 Gamma ray intensity data J [ J, i ] for Cs]And (5) carrying out calculation in the formula, and obtaining the mass value of the material in each measuring area.
The material quality value data in each measuring zone is represented by two-dimensional data sets W [ n, m ]:
W[0,0]＝{W(0,0),W(0,1),…W(0,i)…W(0,m)}；
…
W[j,i]＝{W(j,0),W(j,1),…W(j,i)…W(j,m)}；
…
W[n,m]＝{W(n,0),W(n,1),…W(n,i)…W(n,m)}。
the mass load of material on the unit length of the conveyor belt 100 (L m Kg/m) is:
wherein Δx (j) is the distance between the 0 th measurement point and the m-th measurement point on the j-th measurement group in the X-axis direction.
Assuming that the transport speed of the conveyor belt 100 is v and the transport time of the conveyor belt 100 is t, in this period, the total coal mass transported by the conveyor belt 100 is:
further, to accurately measure the ash content of the coal on the conveyor belt 100, the mass weighted ash content of the coal may also be calculatedThe mass weighted ash is the ratio of the total coal ash mass measured by the conveyor over a certain conveying time to the total coal mass.
After determining the total coal quality and the total coal ash quality, obtaining the coal quality weighted ash according to a preset quality weighted ash calculation formula (9), wherein the determination method of the quality weighted ash calculation formula (9) is as follows:
specifically, real-time ash A of coal in n x m regions d [j,i](j∈[0,n],i∈[0,m]) And real-time quality w [ j, i ] in corresponding region](j∈[0,n],i∈[0,m]) And multiplying and summing to obtain the real-time ash quality of the coal in the preset period.
And comparing the real-time ash quality with the real-time conveying quantity W [ j, i ] of the coal to obtain the quality weighted ash.
On the other hand, assuming that the transport speed of the conveyor belt 100 is v and the transport time of the conveyor belt 100 is t, the total ash mass (W Ad ) The method comprises the following steps:
wherein L is Ad Is the coal ash mass load L on the unit length conveyor belt 100 Ad ＝A d1 ×L m 。
Then the transport speed of the conveyor belt 100 is v, the transport time of the conveyor belt 100 is t, and the mass of coal in this period weights the ashThe specific calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
further, the edge position of the conveyor belt 100 can be determined by the on-line coal ash meter in the above embodiment, and the determination of whether the conveyor belt 100 is offset (off tracking) is assisted, so as to ensure the operation effect of the conveyor belt 100.
Specifically, gamma rays pass through a uniform object with an initial intensity E 0 The intensity attenuation during emergent is E, and the relation between the E and the E accords with an exponential attenuation rule:
E＝E 0 exp(-μ 0 ρ 0 h 0 ) (10)
wherein mu 0 Is the absorption coefficient of the substance to gamma rays, and the unit is kg -1 .m 2 ；ρ 0 Bulk density of the material in kg.m -3 ；h 0 The thickness of the material is given in m.
To determine the edges of the conveyor belt 100, the length of the movement track of the in-line coal ash meter's output 210 and detector 220 should be greater than the width of the conveyor belt 100, i.e., as shown in FIG. 8, the movement track of the detector 220 includes a range outside the left and right edges of the conveyor belt 100.
After the on-line coal ash meter is started, the output 210 of the on-line coal ash meter emits 241 Am、 137 Cs two gamma rays with different energies, the driving assembly drives the follower 210 and the detector 220 to reciprocate along the width direction of the conveyor, that is, the detector 220 and the follower 210 move from the left side of the conveyor belt 100 to the opposite side of the conveyor belt 100Moving to the right side of the conveyor belt 100 and then moving in the opposite direction is repeated, and in this process, the gamma rays need to pass through different media, and the attenuation degree changes accordingly, so that the edge position of the conveyor belt 100 can be determined by the radiation intensity of the gamma rays acquired by the detector 220.
Specifically, whether the conveyor belt 100 is off-set can be determined as follows:
the movement track of the detector 220 is divided into a plurality of detection sections including at least a first detection section (section i in fig. 8) located outside the right edge of the conveyor belt 100, a second detection section (section ii, section iii, and section iv in fig. 8) overlapping with the conveyor belt 100, and a third detection section (section v in fig. 8) located outside the right edge of the conveyor belt 100.
When the detector 220 moves into the first detection zone, zone i, the detector 220 is located outside the left edge of the conveyor belt 100, and only air is present between the detector 220 and the output 210. When the detector 220 moves to the second detection zone, if the detector is in the zone ii and the zone iv, only the conveyor belt 100 is arranged between the detector 220 and the output device 210, and if the detector is in the zone iii, the conveyor belt 100 and the materials accumulated on the conveyor belt 100 are arranged between the detector 220 and the output device 210. In the third detection zone, where the detector 220 is moved, the detector 220 is located outside the right edge of the conveyor belt 100, and only air is present between the detector 220 and the output 210.
Assuming that the movement distance of the detector 220 and the follower 210 along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100 is B, the movement distance B is equally divided into 0,1, 2 … … i, and m sections, and the gamma ray intensity of the i-point section measured when the detector 220 moves at a constant speed along the width direction of the conveyor belt 100 is:
I(i)＝I 0 exp(-μρh(i)) (11)
since the amount of gamma rays absorbed by the conveyor belt 100 is far greater than that of air, the intensity of gamma rays detected by the gamma ray detector 220 in the area of the conveyor belt 100 may be reduced by a cliff relative to the intensity of gamma rays detected only when air is present between the output 210 and the detector 220.
Wherein, 241 the energy of the Am source gamma rays is about 59.5keV, 137 the energy of Cs source gamma rays is about 662keV, 241 the penetrating power of Am source gamma rays is higher 137 The penetration of Cs source gamma rays is much worse. The distribution curves of the ray intensities of the two gamma rays detected by the detector 220 in different intervals are shown in fig. 8.
As can be seen from fig. 8, when the detector 220 is in the interval i, there is no object shielding between the detector 220 and the output device 210, and the measured gamma ray intensity is the greatest; when the detector 220 moves to the interval II, the detector 220 and the output device 210 are positioned at the left edge of the conveyer belt 100, only the adhesive tape shields the detector 220 and the output device, and part of gamma-ray energy is absorbed by the adhesive tape, so that the intensity of gamma-rays is reduced in a step-type manner; when the detector 220 moves to the interval III, the conveyer belt 100 and the materials on the conveyer belt 100 exist between the output device 210 and the detector 220, and the intensity of gamma rays changes exponentially according to the thickness of the materials; when the detector 220 moves to the interval IV, the intensity of the gamma rays changes in the same trend as the interval II; when detector 220 moves to interval v, there is no object between detector 220 and output 210, and the intensity of the gamma rays rises in a step-like fashion.
Therefore, as long as the initial coordinates of the edge points of the conveyor belt 100 are measured, in the later use process, the position points where the gamma-ray intensity is changed in a step mode are obtained through the formula (11), the edge points of the conveyor belt 100 can be accurately found and compared with the initial edge point positions of the conveyor belt 100, whether the center line of the conveyor belt 100 deviates or not can be judged, so that whether the adhesive tape deviates or not can be determined, the change amount of the edge point positions of the conveyor belt 100 can be determined according to the position points where the gamma-ray intensity is changed in a step mode and the initial positions of the edge points of the conveyor belt 100, the deviation amount of the conveyor belt 100 can be determined, the mass thickness distribution of coal on the conveyor belt 100 can be corrected, the influence of mass thickness changes caused by the deviation of the conveyor belt on the measurement error of an ash meter can be overcome, and the measurement accuracy of ash content of the coal can be effectively improved.
It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the disclosure of the present application may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, provided that the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in the present application are achieved, and are not limited herein.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the principles of the present application are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An on-line coal ash meter for detecting coal transported on a conveyor belt of a conveyor, comprising:
an output capable of emitting gamma rays of at least two different energies;
the at least two detectors and the output device are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the conveyor belt, and each detector is used for detecting the gamma rays of one energy and acquiring the ray intensity of the gamma rays;
a driving assembly for driving the follower and the detector to reciprocate along a width direction of the conveyor belt;
and the controller is used for receiving the ray intensity of the gamma rays detected by the detector and calculating the ash value of the coal according to the ray intensity of the gamma rays.
2. The on-line coal ash meter of claim 1, wherein the drive assembly includes a first drive member and a second drive member, the first drive member being coupled to the output member to drive movement of the output member, the second drive member being coupled to the detector to drive movement of the detector, the first drive member and the second drive member both being electrically coupled to the controller, the controller further configured to control the first drive member, the second drive member to move the detector and the output member in synchronization.
3. The on-line coal ash meter according to claim 2, further comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises two support arms extending to the upper and lower sides of the conveyor belt, a slide rail or a guide rod extending along the width direction of the conveyor belt is arranged on the support arms, and the first driving member and the second driving member are respectively arranged on the two support arms;
the first driving piece with the second driving piece all includes slip table, lead screw and driving motor, the lead screw with the support arm rotates to be connected, just the lead screw is followed the width direction of conveyer belt extends, the slip table with lead screw threaded connection, and with slide rail or guide bar sliding connection, driving motor installs on the support arm, just driving motor's output with the lead screw is connected, in order to drive the lead screw is rotatory, the follower is installed first driving piece on the slip table, the detector is installed second driving piece on the slip table.
4. A method for detecting coal ash, which is applied to the online coal ash analyzer according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the gamma rays output by the output device include a first gamma ray and a second gamma ray, and the method for detecting coal ash comprises the following steps:
acquiring the ray intensity of gamma rays through a detector in a preset period of time in the process of conveying coal by a conveying belt, wherein the ray intensity of the gamma rays comprises a first ray intensity corresponding to the first gamma rays and a second ray intensity corresponding to the second gamma rays;
and determining the ash value of the coal on the conveyor belt in the preset period according to the ray intensity of the gamma rays.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first gamma ray is 241 Am rays, the second gamma rays are 137 Cs rays.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining the ash value of the coal on the conveyor belt for the predetermined period of time comprises:
dividing the ray intensity of all the gamma rays into n measurement groups according to the moving track of the detector, wherein each measurement group comprises m measurement points;
setting the length of a moving track of the detector along the transverse direction of the conveying belt as B, marking the moving length of the conveying belt as D in the preset period of time to form a detection area with the width of B and the length of D, and dividing materials in the detection area into m multiplied by n measurement areas according to the positions of each measurement group and each measurement point in the detection area;
the ash value of the material on the conveyor belt in the preset period is obtained through a preset coal ash calculation formula, and the preset coal ash calculation formula is as follows:
wherein A is d [j,i]And the two-dimensional array is formed by the coal ash content in the measuring area corresponding to the measuring point of the j-th measuring group.
7. The soot fraction detection method according to claim 6, further comprising:
and determining the mass load of the material on the conveying belt within the preset period according to the second ray intensity.
8. The soot fraction detection method of claim 7, wherein said determining the mass loading of material on said conveyor belt for said predetermined period of time comprises:
obtaining the material mass load on the conveyor belt in a unit length according to a preset material mass load calculation formula:
wherein W [ j, i ] is a two-dimensional array composed of the material masses of the measurement areas corresponding to the measurement points in the j-th measurement group;
Δx (j) is the distance between the 0 th measurement point and the m-th measurement point of the j-th measurement group in the conveying direction of the conveying belt;
j, i represents a two-dimensional array composed of the second ray intensities corresponding to the measurement points of the J-th measurement group when coal is present on the conveyor belt;
J 0 [j,i]and when the conveyor belt is free of coal, the j-th two-dimensional array formed by the second ray intensities corresponding to the measurement points of the measurement group is represented.
9. The soot fraction detection method according to claim 8, further comprising:
determining mass weighted ash according to the ash value and the material mass load and the mass weighted ash calculation formula, wherein the mass weighted ash calculation formula is as follows:
wherein W is the total coal mass transported by the conveyor belt after the conveyor belt runs for a time t according to a speed v,
W Ad for the total ash mass of the coal transported by the conveyor belt after the running time t according to the speed v,L Ad ＝A d1 ×L m 。
10. the soot detection method of claim 6, wherein said detector is movable to the outside of opposite sides of said conveyor belt, said soot detection method further comprising:
dividing the moving track of the detector into a plurality of detection sections, wherein the detection sections at least comprise a first detection section positioned outside the right edge of the conveying belt, a second detection section overlapped with the conveying belt and a third detection section positioned outside the left edge of the conveying belt;
acquiring the ray intensity of the gamma rays in each detection interval;
and determining whether the conveyor belt is deviated or not according to the change of the ray intensity of the gamma rays in each detection interval.
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