CN117705641A - Concrete mixing station sand water content measuring and calculating and quality checking and accepting method - Google Patents
Concrete mixing station sand water content measuring and calculating and quality checking and accepting method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring and calculating the water content of sand materials in a concrete mixing station and checking and accepting the quality of the sand materials. Comprising the following steps: s1, field measurement: scanning and extracting three-dimensional point cloud model data of the loaded sand by using a solid laser radar, calculating the volume of the loaded sand, measuring the weight of the sand, and calculating the ratio of the weight of the sand to the volume of the sand to obtain the stacking density of the sand; s2, preparing a sand bulk density and water content relation curve through an experiment; s3, substituting the bulk density of the vehicle-mounted sand obtained in the step S1 into the relation curve of the water content and the bulk density obtained in the step S2 to obtain the water content of the batch sand, thereby carrying out quick deduction settlement. The invention can effectively monitor the abnormal water content of the sand material, greatly reduce the manual measurement cost of the water content, ensure that the on-site concrete material is produced faster, achieve the effect of ensuring the quality and the quality of auxiliary projects and the construction period, and also achieve the aims of reducing the cost and enhancing the efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of construction in the building industry, which is applied to deduction of water content in the process of acceptance inspection of fine aggregate sand materials in a concrete mixing station, and can also provide a basis for calculating the proportion of concrete by the water content of sand.
Background
The linear engineering of the infrastructure, such as expressway projects, railway projects and the like, is mostly self-built mixing stations of construction units and is produced on site by self-processing concrete supply. The number of sand materials entering a railway project on a single day can reach hundreds, and the entering quantity is large. At present, a construction unit performs sand material entering inspection and acceptance measurement, namely, a heavy vehicle (a vehicle filled with sand material) and an empty vehicle (a vehicle after unloading the sand material) are subjected to wagon balance weighing, and the total weight G1 of the sand material is measured. The water content W1 of the sand was measured by a baking method. The moisture content measured by the drying method belongs to an offline measurement mode, sand materials need to be sampled, moisture content detection is carried out in a laboratory, the measurement process is long in time consumption, a result cannot be obtained in real time, and the phenomenon that a measurement sample cannot represent the sand materials in the whole batch easily occurs.
In the concrete production process, the accurate determination of the water content of the sand material is very important, and the quality of the finished concrete performance is directly related. However, sand suppliers mistakenly pursue own benefits, the machine is skillful, and water is added into river sand by using a one-batch measurement system of the river sand, so that weighing weight is improved. This approach severely affects the raw material procurement quality and the finished concrete quality of the construction unit. If the water content of the entering sand batch is obtained only by using an indoor test, the water content of the sand is deducted, whether the sand of a heavy truck is added with water cannot be distinguished, and cheating behaviors of suppliers cannot be fundamentally restrained. The requirements of real-time deduction and quick supplier cheating discovery of sand material entrance inspection of the concrete mixing station cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the requirements of rapidly calculating the water content of sand materials for real-time deduction and preventing cheating of water addition of partial sand materials when sand materials of a concrete mixing station enter a field of construction units, the invention provides a sand water content measuring and calculating and quality checking method for the concrete mixing station, which is used for realizing mass, real-time and rapid calculation of the water content of the sand materials. The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring and calculating the water content of sand materials in a concrete mixing station and checking and accepting the quality comprises the following steps:
s1, field measurement: the adopted equipment comprises a portal frame, video image recognition equipment, volume measuring equipment, weight measuring equipment and an industrial control computer,
the video image recognition device: the device is arranged on the portal beam and used for shooting and acquiring vehicle identification information;
the volume measuring and calculating device comprises: the method comprises the steps that the solid-state laser radar is arranged in the middle of a portal beam, scans and models a heavy vehicle and an empty vehicle, automatically compares three-dimensional point cloud model data obtained by two-time scanning and modeling of the empty vehicle and the heavy vehicle, extracts three-dimensional point cloud model data of a loaded sand material, and calculates the volume of the loaded sand material;
the weight measuring and calculating equipment comprises: respectively measuring the weight of a heavy vehicle and the weight of an empty vehicle, wherein the obtained difference value is the weight of the sand material;
the industrial control computer: the system comprises a video image recognition device, a volume measuring device and a weight measuring device, wherein the video image recognition device, the volume measuring device and the weight measuring device are used for receiving information output by the video image recognition device, the volume measuring device and the weight measuring device; calculating the ratio of the weight of the sand to the volume of the sand to obtain the stacking density of the sand;
s2, preparing a sand bulk density and water content relation curve, which comprises the following steps:
s21, taking a sand sample to be tested, drying to a constant amount, and sieving out particles larger than 4.75mm after cooling to room temperature; weighing the dried and sieved sand particles, loading the sand particles into a container, adding calculated water consumption to control the water content of the sand particles to be 1% -9%, fully and uniformly stirring the sand particles, loading the sand particles into a plastic bag, and carrying out material stuffing for 4 hours, wherein the sand particles are divided into two parts for standby; the water content is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: w1 is the water content of the sand material, and G1 is the weight of the sand in the water-containing state; g2 is the weight of the sand in a drying state;
s22, respectively measuring the loose packing density and the tight packing density of two sand samples with different water contents of the water-added sand obtained in the step S21, and calculating the arithmetic average value of the loose packing density and the tight packing density of the sand samples with the same water content as the packing density value of the sand samples with the water content;
s23, preparing a sand bulk density and water content relation curve according to the relation between the water content set in the step S1 and the bulk density obtained in the step S22;
s3, detecting the water content and quality acceptance of sand materials in batches: substituting the bulk density of the vehicle-mounted sand obtained in the step S1 into the relation curve of the water content and the bulk density obtained in the step S2 to obtain the water content of the vehicle-mounted sand, then carrying out quick deduction settlement, and finally checking and accepting a sand quality calculation formula
G2’＝G1’×(1-W1’)
Wherein: w1 'is the water content of the sand material obtained by substituting the in-situ measured bulk density into a relation curve of the water content and the bulk density, and G1' is the weight of the sand in the in-situ measured water content state; g2 is the weight of the accepted sand.
The vehicle identification information in step S1 includes vehicle license plate information, appearance information and personnel information.
In a further optimized scheme, the volume measuring and calculating device in step S1 includes two solid-state lidars, wherein the first solid-state lidar is a positioning radar for measuring parameters of a vehicle body, including the length of the vehicle body, the length of a vehicle hopper, and positioning the moving position of the vehicle; the second solid-state laser radar is a measuring radar and is used for measuring a vehicle image of the top of the vehicle downwards; and combining the two solid-state laser radars to construct a three-dimensional point cloud image of the whole vehicle.
Further, in step S1, the volume of the loaded sand is obtained by an irregular volume measurement algorithm based on the point cloud; the irregular volume measurement algorithm based on the point cloud comprises the following steps: a point cloud slicing method and a bidirectional nearest point searching method.
Wherein the sand material is building sand and is natural sand or machine-made sand.
Further optimizing scheme, wherein the sand in the sand material natural sand has average grain size of 0.5-0.35 mm, and the relationship curve of bulk density and water content when the water content is 1-9% is expressed as a binary four-time equation, and the correlation coefficient R 2 Greater than 0.8, expressed as y=ax 4 -bx 3 +cx 2 Dx+e, wherein the parameter a, b, c, d, e is determined according to sand specific measurements from different places and batches.
Further optimizing scheme, wherein the sand in the sand making machine is characterized in that the sand with average grain diameter of 0.5-0.35 mm and the relation curve of bulk density and water content when the water content is 1-9% is expressed as a binary quadratic equation, and the correlation coefficient R 2 Greater than 0.8, expressed as y=fx 2 -gx+h, wherein the parameters f, g, h are determined according to sand specific measurements from different production places and batches.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the functions of measuring the volume of the material and the weight of the material by utilizing the three-dimensional laser scanning technology are combined with an indoor test to obtain a relation curve of the water content and the bulk density of sand of the same source site, so that the water content of the sand is quickly deducted and reduced by the concrete mixing station.
The invention can effectively monitor the abnormal water content of the sand material, greatly reduce the manual measurement cost of the water content, ensure that the on-site concrete material is produced faster, achieve the effect of ensuring the quality and the quality of auxiliary projects and the construction period, and also achieve the aims of reducing the cost and enhancing the efficiency.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heavy vehicle point cloud in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a hollow point cloud in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a plot of natural sand bulk density versus water cut and equation (binary four times) for example 1;
FIG. 4 is a plot of natural sand bulk density versus water cut and equation (binary quadratic) for example 1;
FIG. 5 is a plot of machine-made sand bulk density versus water cut and equation (binary quadratic) for example 1;
FIG. 6 is a plot of machine-made sand bulk density versus water cut and equation (four times binary) for example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for measuring and calculating the water content of sand materials in a concrete mixing station and checking and accepting the quality comprises the following steps:
s1, field measurement: the adopted equipment comprises a portal frame, video image recognition equipment, volume measuring equipment, weight measuring equipment and an industrial control computer.
In general, the vehicle for on-site delivery is 3 m high at the head, about 1.5-2 m high at the hopper, and about 13 m long at the hopper. The number of the portal frames can be one or two. When there is only one portal frame, the portal frame needs 12 meters in order to increase the vertical radar detection range, so that the whole vehicle is in the radar detection field of view. When adopting the double-portal scheme, the vertical radar is placed obliquely, and the inclination that the vertical radar placed is 30 improves the detection range, and the portal is 8 meters high, and the distance between two portals is 25m.
The video image recognition device: the device is arranged on the portal beam and used for shooting and acquiring vehicle identification information; the vehicle identification information comprises vehicle license plate information, appearance information and personnel information.
The volume measuring and calculating device comprises: the method comprises the steps that the solid-state laser radar is arranged in the middle of a portal beam, scans and models a heavy vehicle and an empty vehicle, automatically compares three-dimensional point cloud model data (shown in fig. 1 and 2) obtained by two-time scanning and modeling of the empty vehicle and the heavy vehicle, extracts three-dimensional point cloud model data of a loaded sand material, and calculates the volume of the loaded sand material; acquiring the volume of the loaded sand based on an irregular volume measurement algorithm of the point cloud; the irregular volume measurement algorithm based on the point cloud comprises the following steps: calculating the average cargo height according to the known or measured length and width information of the hopper; and digital integration by a computer. In the embodiment, the acquired point cloud data is subjected to space rotation and translation transformation, and is converted according to a standard coordinate system in an algorithm to construct a digital surface model, so that a three-dimensional model of sand is generated. The algorithm cuts the point cloud transversely to the driving direction, calculates the volume by adopting a slicing method, and calculates the sand volume by adopting a bidirectional nearest point searching method.
The volume measuring and calculating equipment comprises two solid-state laser radars, wherein the two solid-state laser radars are symmetrically arranged by taking the middle point of a portal beam as the center, and the distance between the two solid-state laser radars is 1m. The first solid-state laser radar is a positioning radar and is used for measuring parameters of a vehicle body, including the length of the vehicle body, the length of a vehicle hopper and the moving position of the vehicle; the second solid-state laser radar is a measuring radar and is used for measuring a vehicle image of the top of the vehicle downwards; and combining the two solid-state laser radars to construct a three-dimensional point cloud image of the whole vehicle.
When the solid-state laser radar performs three-dimensional scanning operation, the vehicle is required to be stopped under the portal frame, and after the scanning is finished, the vehicle is driven out of the wagon balance platform. The entire scan time lasts about 2 minutes. And scanning the heavy vehicle and the empty vehicle respectively, wherein the difference between the volumes of the heavy vehicle and the empty vehicle is the volume of the loaded sand.
The weight measuring and calculating equipment comprises: the weights of the heavy vehicle and the empty vehicle are respectively measured, and the obtained difference value is the weight of the sand material.
The industrial control computer: the system comprises a video image recognition device, a volume measuring device and a weight measuring device, wherein the video image recognition device, the volume measuring device and the weight measuring device are used for receiving information output by the video image recognition device, the volume measuring device and the weight measuring device; and calculating the ratio of the weight of the sand to the volume of the sand to obtain the stacking density of the sand. S2, preparing a sand bulk density and water content relation curve, which comprises the following steps:
s21, taking a sand sample to be tested, drying to a constant amount, and sieving out particles larger than 4.75mm after cooling to room temperature; weighing and loading the dried and sieved sand particles into a container, adding the calculated water consumption to control the water content of the sand material to be 1-9% at a plurality of uniformly distributed points, fully and uniformly stirring, loading into a plastic bag, and filling the plastic bag for 4 hours for standby; the water content is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: w1 is the water content of the sand material, and G1 is the weight of the sand in the water-containing state; g2 is the weight of the sand in a drying state;
according to the prior deduction experience of the water content of the sand in the concrete mixing station, the water content of the sand is generally distributed between 4% and 9%, so that the relationship curve of the water content and the bulk density of the sand is obtained by measuring the bulk density of the quantitative sand with the water content of 1% to 9% through an indoor test (the water content interval is enlarged).
S22, respectively measuring the loose packing density and the tight packing density of two sand samples with different water contents of the sand materials added with water obtained in the step S21, and calculating the arithmetic average value of the loose packing density and the tight packing density of the sand material samples with the same water content as the packing density value of the sand material samples with the water content. The sand material is transported to a concrete mixing station of a construction site after being loaded at a source site, and the continuous vibration in the running process can lead to gradual compaction of the vehicle-mounted sand after long-distance transportation, and the sand material is in a close-packed state at the lower part and in a loose-packed state at the upper part in the vertical direction. Therefore, the approximate bulk density value of the on-board sand is considered by the present invention to be the arithmetic average of the loose bulk density and the close bulk density of the sand material.
The method for measuring the loose bulk density and the close bulk density is carried out by referring to national standard GB/T14684-2011 'building sand', and comprises the following specific measuring steps:
bulk density: and weighing one part of the sample, slowly pouring the sample from the position 50mm above the center of the measuring cylinder by using a funnel or a material spoon, allowing the sample to fall down in a free falling manner, and stopping feeding when the sample at the upper part of the measuring cylinder is in a pile body and the periphery of the measuring cylinder is full. Then, a straight ruler is used for scraping the sample and the capacity cylinder to the two sides along the central line of the cylinder opening (the capacity cylinder is prevented from being touched in the test process), and the total mass of the sample and the capacity cylinder is weighed out to be accurate to lg.
Compact bulk density: the samples were taken and loaded into the volumetric cylinder in two portions. After the first layer is installed, a piece of round steel with the diameter of 10mm is placed on the bottom of the cylinder, the cylinder is pressed, and the ground is hit for 25 times alternately left and right. Then loading the second layer, after the second layer is filled, tilting the second layer by the same method (but the direction of the steel bar padded at the bottom of the cylinder is vertical to the direction when the first layer is filled), then adding the sample until the sample exceeds the cylinder mouth, then scraping the sample and the total mass of the capacity cylinder to be accurate to 1g along the central line of the cylinder by using a ruler.
Calculation of bulk or close packing density to the nearest 10kg/m 3 ：
p＝(g1-g2)/V
Wherein p is the compact or loose bulk density, kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the g1 is the total mass of the volumetric cylinder and the sample, g; g2 is the mass of the capacity cylinder, g; v is the volume of the volumetric cylinder, L. Bulk Density was measured as the arithmetic mean of the results of two parallel tests to an accuracy of 10kg/m 3 。
S23, preparing a sand bulk density and water content relation curve according to the relation between the water content set in the step S1 and the bulk density obtained in the step S22;
the sand materials measured in this example are natural sand or machine-made sand, both are medium sand, and the average grain size is 0.5-0.35 mm.
Wherein the relationship curve of the bulk density and the water content of the natural sand when the water content of the natural sand is 1-9% is y= 0.4787x 4 -10.82x 3 +86.736x 2 -287.72x+1712.5，R 2 0.8416; if expressed as a unitary quadratic equation, the equation is y= 4.105x 2 -48.25x+1512.9，R 2 0.5889, the graphs are shown in fig. 3 to 4, and the table is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Wherein the relationship curve of bulk density and water content of the machine-made sand with the water content of 1-9% is a binary quadratic equation, expressed as y= 13.981x 2 -163.84x+1724.5，R 2 0.8259; if expressed as a binary four-time equation, y= 0.6419x 4 -15.807x 3 +144.25x 2 -566.97x+2077.8，R 2 0.9564; the graphs are shown in fig. 5 to 6, and the tables are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
S3, detecting the water content of the sand in batches: substituting the bulk density of the vehicle-mounted sand obtained in the step S1 into a relation curve of the water content and the bulk density obtained in the step S2 to obtain the water content of the vehicle-mounted sand, and then carrying out quick deduction settlement to finally check and accept a sand mass calculation formula: g2' =g1 ' × (1-W1 ').
Finally, it should be noted that the above only illustrates the technical solution of the present invention and is not limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring and calculating the water content of sand materials in a concrete mixing station and checking and accepting the quality is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, field measurement: the adopted equipment comprises a portal frame, video image recognition equipment, volume measuring equipment, weight measuring equipment and an industrial control computer,
the video image recognition device: the device is arranged on the portal beam and used for shooting and acquiring vehicle identification information;
the volume measuring and calculating device comprises: the method comprises the steps that the solid-state laser radar is arranged in the middle of a portal beam, scans and models a heavy vehicle and an empty vehicle, automatically compares three-dimensional point cloud model data obtained by two-time scanning and modeling of the empty vehicle and the heavy vehicle, extracts three-dimensional point cloud model data of a loaded sand material, and calculates the volume of the loaded sand material;
the weight measuring and calculating equipment comprises: respectively measuring the weight of a heavy vehicle and the weight of an empty vehicle, wherein the obtained difference value is the weight of the sand material;
the industrial control computer: the system comprises a video image recognition device, a volume measuring device and a weight measuring device, wherein the video image recognition device, the volume measuring device and the weight measuring device are used for receiving information output by the video image recognition device, the volume measuring device and the weight measuring device; calculating the ratio of the weight of the sand to the volume of the sand to obtain the stacking density of the sand;
s2, preparing a sand bulk density and water content relation curve, which comprises the following steps:
s21, taking a sand sample to be tested, drying to a constant amount, and sieving out particles larger than 4.75mm after cooling to room temperature; weighing the dried and sieved sand particles, loading the sand particles into a container, adding calculated water consumption to control the water content of the sand particles to be 1% -9%, fully and uniformly stirring the sand particles, loading the sand particles into a plastic bag, and carrying out material stuffing for 4 hours, wherein the sand particles are divided into two parts for standby; the water content is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: w1 is the water content of the sand material, and G1 is the weight of the sand in the water-containing state; g2 is the weight of the sand in a drying state;
s22, respectively measuring the loose packing density and the tight packing density of two sand samples with different water contents of the water-added sand obtained in the step S21, and calculating the arithmetic average value of the loose packing density and the tight packing density of the sand samples with the same water content as the packing density value of the sand samples with the water content;
s23, preparing a sand bulk density and water content relation curve according to the relation between the water content set in the step S1 and the bulk density obtained in the step S22;
s3, detecting the water content and quality acceptance of sand materials in batches: substituting the bulk density of the vehicle-mounted sand obtained in the step S1 into the relation curve of the water content and the bulk density obtained in the step S2 to obtain the water content of the vehicle-mounted sand, then carrying out quick deduction settlement, and finally checking and accepting a sand quality calculation formula
G2’＝G1’×(1-W1’)
Wherein: w1 'is the water content of the sand material obtained by substituting the in-situ measured bulk density into a relation curve of the water content and the bulk density, and G1' is the weight of the sand in the in-situ measured water content state; g2 is the weight of the accepted sand.
2. The method for measuring and calculating the water content of sand materials and checking and accepting the quality of the sand materials of the concrete mixing station according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the vehicle identification information in step S1 includes vehicle license plate information, appearance information and personnel information.
3. The method for measuring and calculating the water content of sand materials and checking and accepting the quality of the sand materials of the concrete mixing station according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the volume measuring and calculating equipment in the step S1 comprises two solid-state laser radars, wherein the first solid-state laser radar is a positioning radar and is used for measuring parameters of a vehicle body, including the length of the vehicle body, the length of a vehicle hopper and the moving position of the positioning vehicle; the second solid-state laser radar is a measuring radar and is used for measuring a vehicle image of the top of the vehicle downwards; and combining the two solid-state laser radars to construct a three-dimensional point cloud image of the whole vehicle.
4. The method for measuring and calculating the water content of sand materials and checking and accepting the quality of the sand materials of the concrete mixing station according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the volume of the loaded sand is obtained through an irregular volume measurement algorithm based on point cloud; the irregular volume measurement algorithm based on the point cloud comprises the following steps: a point cloud slicing method and a bidirectional nearest point searching method.
5. The method for measuring and calculating the water content of sand materials and checking and accepting the quality of the sand materials of the concrete mixing station according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sand material is building sand and is natural sand or machine-made sand.
6. The method for measuring and calculating the water content of sand materials and checking and accepting the quality of the sand materials of the concrete mixing station according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the sand in the sand material natural sand has an average particle diameter of 0.5-0.35 mm, and the relationship curve of bulk density and water content when the water content is 1-9% is expressed as a binary four-time equation, and the correlation coefficient R 2 Greater than 0.8, expressed as y=ax 4 -bx 3 +cx 2 Dx+e, wherein the parameter a, b, c, d, e is determined according to sand specific measurements from different places and batches.
7. The method for measuring and calculating the water content and checking and accepting the quality of sand materials of a concrete mixing station according to claim 5, which is characterized in thatThe method is characterized in that: the sand in the sand machine-made sand has the average grain diameter of 0.5-0.35 mm, and the relationship curve of the bulk density and the water content when the water content is 1-9% is expressed as a binary quadratic equation, and the correlation coefficient R 2 Greater than 0.8, expressed as y=fx 2 -gx+h, wherein the parameters f, g, h are determined according to sand specific measurements from different production places and batches.
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