CN117689760B - OCT axial super-resolution method and system based on histogram information network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an OCT axial super-resolution method and system based on a histogram information network, relates to the field of image processing, and aims at the problem that the super-resolution effect is affected by the amplified learning error when histogram information is directly used, and a selective feature kernel is designed to strengthen axial features so as to adapt to the introduction of the histogram information. The histogram information is introduced to carry out statistical distribution of pixels, so that a high quantitative evaluation index is obtained, and meanwhile, the sensory difference problem between the result and the true value is considered, so that the result is more similar to the sensory effect of high axial resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of image processing, in particular to an OCT axial super-resolution method and system based on a histogram information network.
Background
The optical coherence tomography is a novel imaging mode (Optical coherence tomography, OCT), and the advantages of high axial resolution and three-dimensional imaging in the depth direction are utilized to make breakthrough progress in the industrial field, such as three-dimensional tomography of memory cards, scratch defect detection of transparent materials and the like. High axial resolution is achieved by both increasing the spectral width of the light source and reducing the center wavelength, so there are researchers that achieve high axial resolution by improvements in hardware, such as the use of supercontinuum light sources, which significantly increases the complexity of the device design and the cost of the product.
In the prior art, deep learning is mostly used for directly carrying out axial super-resolution on OCT images, so that an image effect close to that acquired by high-performance OCT equipment is obtained. Most of the current methods for improving the image in the spatial domain or the frequency domain only consider the structure of the neural network, but often neglect the statistical information of the pixel distribution of the image, and the histogram can reflect various information of OCT gray images through the pixel type distribution, so that the histogram information is introduced to conduct statistical guidance of the pixel distribution on different areas of the image, not only can the quantitative evaluation index of the OCT image be improved, but also the light and shadow structures such as the contrast of a specific area can be adjusted, the problem that the super-resolution and the high axial resolution of the existing OCT image have sensory difference is solved, and the qualitative visual effect approaching to the image with the high axial resolution is obtained. Besides introducing statistical information of a histogram, the roll-off of the OCT equipment can cause the characteristic that the light intensity is continuously reduced in the axial direction when the equipment collects images, so that the fluctuation of pixel distribution variation of high and low axial resolutions along the A line direction (axial direction) is large and the similarity is reduced, and the direct introduction of the histogram information guides the pixel distribution of the OCT with low axial resolution, so that learning errors can be amplified, learning efficiency is reduced, and quantitative evaluation indexes and qualitative visual effects are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides an OCT axial super-resolution method and system based on a histogram information network, designs a selective feature kernel to strengthen axial features, further adapts to the introduction of histogram information, introduces the statistical distribution of pixels by the histogram information, thereby obtaining a high quantitative evaluation index, and simultaneously gives consideration to the problem of sensory difference between a result and a true value, so that the result is more similar to the sensory effect of high axial resolution.
The first object of the present invention is to provide an OCT axial super-resolution method based on a histogram information network, which adopts the following scheme:
comprising the following steps:
acquiring OCT image data to be subjected to axial super-resolution, and inputting an axial super-resolution processing model;
outputting an OCT image with improved axial resolution by the axial super-resolution processing model;
wherein, establishing the axial super-resolution processing model comprises:
Acquiring original image data, and respectively carrying out image reconstruction and image reconstruction with increased spectrum clipping to obtain a high axial resolution image and a low axial resolution image;
The low axial resolution image input is based on a histogram information network, selective feature strengthening and histogram information coupling are carried out, a final feature map is obtained after multiple times of fusion, the final feature map is reconstructed, and a final reconstructed image is output;
and using the final reconstructed image and the high axial resolution image for training an axial super resolution processing model to obtain the trained axial super resolution processing model.
Further, the spectral clipping is an image reconstruction that performs incremental spectral clipping on each a-line of the original image data through a gaussian window to obtain a low axial resolution image.
Further, the selective feature enhancement includes:
extracting the characteristics of the input low axial resolution images by three groups of convolutions in parallel, and executing channel fusion on the obtained three groups of characteristic images;
and aggregating the feature map information in different directions, and outputting a feature map F1 after processing.
Further, when channel fusion is performed on the three sets of feature images, parameters are set for the number of the feature images in each set to obtain feature images with different numbers of weights, and the feature images in the axial direction are strengthened.
Further, after aggregation, vector Z is obtained through convolution and activation functions; and combining the vector Z and the feature map to obtain a feature map F1.
Further, the histogram information coupling includes:
taking the characteristic diagram F1 of the selective characteristic strengthening output as an input image, and transforming to obtain a frequency spectrum diagram of a frequency domain;
The spectrogram is processed in parallel by four paths;
Extracting histogram information from the spectrogram through a first path and a second path, performing information coupling, multiplying the histogram information with the spectrogram subjected to the medium-size reshaping in a third path, performing re-size reshaping, performing residual combination on the re-size reshaped result and the initial spectrogram from a fourth path, and then converting to output a feature map;
and fusing the output characteristic diagram with the characteristic diagram F1 to obtain a characteristic diagram F2.
Further, the input spectrogram extracts histogram information in the first path, and uses linear mapping to expand and transpose the size of the histogram information; the input spectrogram extracts the histogram information in the second path, expands the size of the histogram information by using linear mapping but not transposes the histogram information, and then multiplies the histogram information by a matrix and activates the histogram information by a function to realize information coupling.
Further, the feature map F2 is used as an input image, the processing flow of the feature map F1 is repeated, and the feature map F3 is obtained by fusing the feature map F2 with the feature map F2 which is input after the feature map F2 is processed.
Further, the low axial resolution image, the feature map F1, the feature map F2 and the feature map F3 are combined in a channel mode to obtain a feature map F4 as a final feature map, the final feature map is reconstructed through convolution, and a final reconstructed image is output.
A second object of the present invention is to provide an OCT axial super-resolution system based on a histogram information network, comprising:
A data acquisition module configured to: acquiring OCT image data to be subjected to axial super-resolution, and inputting an axial super-resolution processing model;
An axial super-resolution processing module configured to: outputting an OCT image with improved axial resolution by the axial super-resolution processing model;
wherein, establishing the axial super-resolution processing model comprises:
acquiring original image data, and respectively carrying out image reconstruction and image reconstruction spectrum clipping with increased spectrum clipping to obtain a high axial resolution image and a low axial resolution image;
The low axial resolution image input is based on a histogram information network, selective feature strengthening and histogram information coupling are carried out, a final feature map is obtained after multiple times of fusion, the final feature map is reconstructed, and a final reconstructed image is output;
and using the final reconstructed image and the high axial resolution image for training an axial super resolution processing model to obtain the trained axial super resolution processing model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) Aiming at the problem that the super-resolution effect is affected by the amplified learning error when the histogram information is directly used, a selective feature kernel is designed to strengthen the axial features so as to adapt to the introduction of the histogram information. The histogram information is introduced to carry out statistical distribution of pixels, so that a high quantitative evaluation index is obtained, and meanwhile, the sensory difference problem between the result and the true value is considered, so that the result is more similar to the sensory effect of high axial resolution.
(2) The trained model can be applied to a low axial resolution OCT system to improve the axial resolution of the OCT image it outputs.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the OCT axial super-resolution method based on the histogram information network in embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the low axial resolution image input histogram information based network in embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the axial features of the enhanced OCT images of embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the fusion of histogram information in embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, an OCT axial super-resolution method based on a histogram information network is presented.
In this embodiment, aiming at the problem of sensory difference existing in the super-resolution of the existing OCT image, the histogram information is introduced and the real physical factors are considered to obtain a high quantitative evaluation index, so that the super-resolved image is more similar to the sensory effect of high axial resolution.
The following describes the OCT axial super-resolution method based on the histogram information network in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the OCT axial super-resolution method based on the histogram information network includes:
acquiring OCT image data to be subjected to axial super-resolution, and inputting an axial super-resolution processing model;
outputting an OCT image with improved axial resolution by the axial super-resolution processing model;
wherein, establishing the axial super-resolution processing model comprises:
Acquiring original image data, and respectively carrying out image reconstruction and image reconstruction with increased spectrum clipping to obtain a high axial resolution image and a low axial resolution image;
The low axial resolution image input is based on a histogram information network, selective feature strengthening and histogram information coupling are carried out, a final feature map is obtained after multiple times of fusion, the final feature map is reconstructed, and a final reconstructed image is output;
and using the final reconstructed image and the high axial resolution image for training an axial super resolution processing model to obtain the trained axial super resolution processing model.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, first, raw image data is acquired by the OCT apparatus. An image reconstruction algorithm is directly performed on the raw data to obtain a high axial resolution image. And performing spectrum clipping on each A line of the original data through a Gaussian window to obtain a low axial resolution image, and manufacturing image data pairs of high and low axial resolution images as a data set. Then inputting the low axial resolution image into a histogram information network, as shown in fig. 2, inputting the image into a selective characteristic strengthening module, obtaining a characteristic diagram F1, inputting the characteristic diagram F1 into the histogram information module, carrying out channel fusion on the output result of the characteristic diagram F1 and F1 to obtain a characteristic diagram F2, inputting the F2 into the histogram information module, carrying out channel fusion on the output result of the characteristic diagram F2 and F2, and finally carrying out channel fusion on the input image, the output result of the selective characteristic strengthening module and the result obtained by the two fusion, and obtaining an output result after 3X 3 convolution reconstruction.
The axial super-resolution processing model is trained through the process, then the training result is applied to the low axial resolution OCT system, OCT image data to be subjected to axial super-resolution is obtained and is input into the low axial resolution OCT system loaded with the trained axial super-resolution processing model, and the axial resolution of an OCT image output by the low axial resolution OCT system is improved.
The foregoing will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Step 1, data set preparation
Raw image data is acquired by the OCT apparatus. An image reconstruction algorithm is directly performed on the raw data to obtain a high axial resolution image. And performing spectrum clipping on each A line of the original data through a Gaussian window, and then reconstructing an image to obtain a low axial resolution image so as to prepare a data pair consisting of the high axial resolution image and the low axial resolution image.
Step 2, enhancing axial features of OCT images
Step 2.1
As shown in fig. 2, the low axial resolution image is input, features of the input image are extracted through three groups of convolutions of 3×1, 1×3 and 3×3 in parallel, channel fusion is performed on the three groups of feature images through Concat operation, parameters are set for the number of each group of feature images during fusion to obtain feature images with different weights so as to strengthen the feature images in the axial direction, the weights of the three groups of convolutions are set as K1, K2 and K3 respectively, the weights are set as K1> K2 and K1> K3 corresponding to the requirement of strengthening the axial direction, and the three groups of convolutions are continuously learned and adjusted to an optimal state during network training.
Step 2.2
And reducing the size of the feature map to 1 multiplied by 1 through the maximum global pooling size, so as to realize aggregation of the feature map information in different directions.
Step 2.3
The vector Z is then obtained by a1 x 1 convolution and softmax activation function.
Step 2.4
Then, the element-wise multiplication of Z with the feature map subjected to the 3×3 convolution kernel is performed, and then an output image, i.e., F1 in fig. 2, is obtained.
Step 3, introducing histogram information
Step 3.1
The specific process is as shown in fig. 3, the output image of the last step is taken as the input image of the step, the input image is subjected to fast fourier transformation to obtain a spectrogram of a frequency domain, and the spectrogram is processed in parallel through four paths.
Step 3.2
According to the histogram feature information extracted as shown in formula 1, the spectrogram f (x, y) is input, the number of pixel values i in f (x, y) is calculated, the result is H (i), and the histogram vector v is composed of 256H (i).
Equation 1:
where f (x, y) is the input spectrogram, x, y is the pixel coordinates, Is a dirac function, i is the pixel value size, and H (i) is the number of pixel values i.
Where H (i) is the number of pixel values i and v denotes a total of 256 data constituting a histogram vector.
The above histogram information extraction process is collectively called a histogram vector extraction F hist function.
First, from top to bottom, the first path and the second path are used for extracting histogram information and performing information coupling. The first path extracts histogram information from the input spectrogram through F hist function, then uses linear mapping to expand and transpose its size, and the result is (1, H)W), where H is the image height and W is the image width, is the same as described below. The second path extracts histogram information from the input spectral image by F hist function, and then expands its size using linear mapping but not transposes it, resulting in (h×w, 1). The two were then multiplied by a matrix and activated by a softmax function, yielding the result (h×w ).
Step 3.3
The third path reshapes the spectrogram 1 size to (1, H W), where H is the image height and W is the image width. Matrix multiplication and size remodeling are carried out on the result of the step 3.2, and a result with the image size of (H, W) is obtained.
Step 3.4
And then carrying out residual combination on the third path of result and the initial spectrogram 1 to increase image information, and finally obtaining a result through inverse Fourier transform as output.
Step 4, fusion of histogram information and feature map
And F1 and the result of the step 3 are fused through a channel to obtain an input image F2 of the next step.
Step 5
F2 as the input image repeats the same operations of step 3 and step 4, resulting in an output image F3.
Step 6
The input image, F1, F2 and F3 are channel-combined to obtain a feature map F4, which is then reconstructed by a 3X 3 convolution to finally output an image.
Step 7, network training
The network training process of the axial super-resolution processing model is consistent with that of a conventional deep learning neural network.
Example 2
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, an OCT axial super-resolution system based on a histogram information network is presented.
The OCT axial super-resolution system based on the histogram information network comprises:
A data acquisition module configured to: acquiring OCT image data to be subjected to axial super-resolution, and inputting an axial super-resolution processing model;
An axial super-resolution processing module configured to: outputting an OCT image with improved axial resolution by the axial super-resolution processing model;
wherein, establishing the axial super-resolution processing model comprises:
Acquiring original image data, and respectively carrying out image reconstruction and image reconstruction with increased spectrum clipping to obtain a high axial resolution image and a low axial resolution image;
The low axial resolution image input is based on a histogram information network, selective feature strengthening and histogram information coupling are carried out, a final feature map is obtained after multiple times of fusion, the final feature map is reconstructed, and a final reconstructed image is output;
and using the final reconstructed image and the high axial resolution image for training an axial super resolution processing model to obtain the trained axial super resolution processing model.
The operation of the OCT axial super-resolution system based on the histogram information network is described in embodiment 1, and will not be described herein.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The OCT axial super-resolution method based on the histogram information network is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring OCT image data to be subjected to axial super-resolution, and inputting an axial super-resolution processing model;
outputting an OCT image with improved axial resolution by the axial super-resolution processing model;
wherein, establishing the axial super-resolution processing model comprises:
Acquiring original image data, and respectively carrying out image reconstruction and image reconstruction with increased spectrum clipping to obtain a high axial resolution image and a low axial resolution image;
The low axial resolution image input is based on a histogram information network, selective feature strengthening and histogram information coupling are carried out, a final feature map is obtained after multiple times of fusion, the final feature map is reconstructed, and a final reconstructed image is output;
The final reconstructed image and the high axial resolution image are used for training an axial super resolution processing model, and the trained axial super resolution processing model is obtained;
the selective feature enhancement includes:
extracting the characteristics of the input low axial resolution images by three groups of convolutions in parallel, and executing channel fusion on the obtained three groups of characteristic images;
The feature map information in different directions is aggregated, and a feature map F1 is output after the feature map information is processed;
When channel fusion is carried out on the three groups of feature images, parameters are set for the number of the feature images of each group so as to obtain feature images with different number weights, and the feature images in the axial direction are strengthened;
the histogram information coupling includes:
taking the characteristic diagram F1 of the selective characteristic strengthening output as an input image, and transforming to obtain a frequency spectrum diagram of a frequency domain;
The spectrogram is processed in parallel by four paths;
Extracting histogram information from the spectrogram through a first path and a second path, performing information coupling, multiplying the histogram information with the spectrogram subjected to the medium-size reshaping in a third path, performing re-size reshaping, performing residual combination on the re-size reshaped result and the initial spectrogram from a fourth path, and then converting to output a feature map;
and fusing the output characteristic diagram with the characteristic diagram F1 to obtain a characteristic diagram F2.
2. The OCT axial super-resolution method based on a histogram information network of claim 1, wherein the spectral clipping is an image reconstruction by increasing spectral clipping of each a-line of the original image data through a gaussian window to obtain a low axial resolution image.
3. The method for axial super resolution of OCT based on a histogram information network according to claim 1, wherein after the aggregation, vector Z is obtained through convolution and activation functions; and combining the vector Z and the feature map to obtain a feature map F1.
4. The OCT axial super-resolution method based on a histogram information network of claim 1, wherein the input spectrogram extracts the histogram information in the first path, expands and transposes its size using a linear mapping; the input spectrogram extracts the histogram information in the second path, expands the size of the histogram information by using linear mapping but not transposes the histogram information, and then multiplies the histogram information by a matrix and activates the histogram information by a function to realize information coupling.
5. The method for OCT axial super-resolution based on a histogram information network according to claim 1, wherein the feature map F2 is used as an input image, the processing procedure of the feature map F1 is repeated, and the feature map F3 is obtained by fusing the feature map F2 with the feature map F2 which is input after the feature map F2 is processed.
6. The method for axially super-resolution OCT based on a histogram information network according to claim 5, wherein the low-axial-resolution image, the feature map F1, the feature map F2, and the feature map F3 are channel-combined to obtain a feature map F4 as a final feature map, and the final feature map is reconstructed by convolution to output a final reconstructed image.
7. OCT axial super-resolution system based on histogram information network, characterized by comprising:
A data acquisition module configured to: acquiring OCT image data to be subjected to axial super-resolution, and inputting an axial super-resolution processing model;
An axial super-resolution processing module configured to: outputting an OCT image with improved axial resolution by the axial super-resolution processing model;
wherein, establishing the axial super-resolution processing model comprises:
Acquiring original image data, and respectively carrying out image reconstruction and image reconstruction with increased spectrum clipping to obtain a high axial resolution image and a low axial resolution image;
The low axial resolution image input is based on a histogram information network, selective feature strengthening and histogram information coupling are carried out, a final feature map is obtained after multiple times of fusion, the final feature map is reconstructed, and a final reconstructed image is output;
The final reconstructed image and the high axial resolution image are used for training an axial super resolution processing model, and the trained axial super resolution processing model is obtained;
the selective feature enhancement includes:
extracting the characteristics of the input low axial resolution images by three groups of convolutions in parallel, and executing channel fusion on the obtained three groups of characteristic images;
The feature map information in different directions is aggregated, and a feature map F1 is output after the feature map information is processed;
When channel fusion is carried out on the three groups of feature images, parameters are set for the number of the feature images of each group so as to obtain feature images with different number weights, and the feature images in the axial direction are strengthened;
the histogram information coupling includes:
taking the characteristic diagram F1 of the selective characteristic strengthening output as an input image, and transforming to obtain a frequency spectrum diagram of a frequency domain;
The spectrogram is processed in parallel by four paths;
Extracting histogram information from the spectrogram through a first path and a second path, performing information coupling, multiplying the histogram information with the spectrogram subjected to the medium-size reshaping in a third path, performing re-size reshaping, performing residual combination on the re-size reshaped result and the initial spectrogram from a fourth path, and then converting to output a feature map;
and fusing the output characteristic diagram with the characteristic diagram F1 to obtain a characteristic diagram F2.
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