CN117680653A - High-temperature alloy vacuum casting method capable of detecting melt temperature in real time - Google Patents
High-temperature alloy vacuum casting method capable of detecting melt temperature in real time Download PDFInfo
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- CN117680653A CN117680653A CN202311660024.5A CN202311660024A CN117680653A CN 117680653 A CN117680653 A CN 117680653A CN 202311660024 A CN202311660024 A CN 202311660024A CN 117680653 A CN117680653 A CN 117680653A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000191 radiation effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
- B22D2/006—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass for the temperature of the molten metal
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature alloy vacuum casting method capable of detecting the temperature of a melt in real time, which comprises the following steps: preparing a molded shell, wherein the prepared molded shell is provided with reserved temperature measuring holes; assembling a corundum tube in the temperature measuring hole, wherein the first end of the corundum tube is positioned in the cavity of the mold shell, the first end is a closed end, and the second end of the corundum tube is positioned at the outer side of the cavity; preheating and heat-preserving the shell assembled with the corundum tube, and then placing the shell into a vacuum induction melting furnace; one end of the thermocouple is assembled in the corundum tube, and the other end of the thermocouple is connected with an external temperature measuring instrument; and melting the high-temperature alloy master alloy in a vacuum environment, pouring the melt into the shell after the temperature of the high-temperature alloy master alloy melt is raised to be within a target temperature range, and acquiring the real-time temperature of the melt in the pouring and cooling processes through an external temperature measuring instrument. The invention can realize real-time, continuous and accurate measurement of dynamic temperature in the casting and cooling processes of the high-temperature alloy melt, and simultaneously improve the service life of the thermocouple and reduce the use cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum casting of high-temperature alloy, and particularly relates to a vacuum casting method of high-temperature alloy, which can detect the temperature of a melt in real time.
Background
In order to obtain high-quality high-temperature alloy castings, a vacuum induction furnace smelting master alloy and remelting casting duplex method is generally adopted. The cooling rate of the casting during remelting and pouring has a great influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties. Generally, the cooling speed is high, the equiaxed crystal grains are fine, and the tensile strength, the plasticity and the fatigue resistance of the alloy are all good. However, the too fast cooling speed can cause defects such as casting insufficient casting (undercasting), cold insulation, shrinkage porosity or chilled crystal grains, and the like, and when the cooling speed is relatively slow, the casting is easy to have uneven structures such as columnar crystals or mixed crystals (equiaxed crystals and columnar crystals), and the performance of the casting is obviously affected. The cooling speed of the casting can be regulated and controlled by changing the casting temperature, the shell temperature and the shell heat preservation mode. In order to ensure the quality of castings, the casting temperature of the high-temperature alloy is generally 100-160 ℃ above the liquid phase temperature of the alloy, the preheating temperature of the shell is generally required to exceed 900 ℃, and the shell heat preservation mode is generally to adopt sand filling or heat preservation felt wrapping. It is generally believed that the lower the casting temperature or the lower the shell preheating temperature, the faster the cooling rate. For the shell heat preservation mode, the cooling speed of the castings in the vacuum lower shell mold is different from that in the atmosphere, the convection heat dissipation effect in the atmosphere is large, and the heat dissipation is mainly carried out under vacuum by virtue of conduction and radiation effects, so that the heat conductivity coefficient of the shell heat preservation material also has an influence on the cooling speed of the castings under vacuum. In the actual vacuum pouring and cooling process of the superalloy, the concrete cooling rate of the casting and how the cooling rate changes are reported.
High-temperature alloy melt pouring and cooling are one of the most critical procedures of the casting process, and the control of the cooling rate of the casting in the process directly determines the quality of the casting. The dynamic temperature during the pouring and cooling of the alloy melt is critical in order to obtain the cooling rates at the initial, mid and final stages of solidification of the casting.
Currently, some methods for measuring the temperature of metal melt or casting are proposed. As CN110044507a discloses a sand casting temperature measuring method based on temperature measuring unit positioning, the method makes a temperature measuring unit by means of a limiting block and a sand block, realizes the measurement of temperature field change in the sand casting process, but does not involve the measurement of vacuum melt temperature; CN113639874a discloses an online infrared temperature measuring device and a temperature measuring method for the melt temperature in a vacuum furnace, the method needs to install an infrared measuring device in the furnace, comprising an optical path mechanism, a light-receiving and ash-shielding mechanism, an upper computer and the like, and the real-time measurement of the dynamic temperature of the high-temperature alloy melt in the vacuum furnace is not realized because the infrared temperature measuring device is complex and is generally not arranged in the vacuum induction furnace for preparing the high-temperature alloy casting at present; CN110763370a discloses a calibration method for W-Re couple for metal melt temperature measurement, but does not involve real-time measurement of dynamic temperature.
Moreover, when the high-temperature alloy casting is prepared in vacuum, the thermocouple is generally used for measuring 1 or 2 times before the alloy melt is poured, so that the dynamic temperature in the vacuum cooling process of the high-temperature alloy melt can not be obtained, and the defects in the aspects of effective control of the quality and performance of the casting exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a high-temperature alloy vacuum casting method capable of detecting the temperature of a melt in real time, which can solve the technical problems that the cooling speed and the change trend of a casting cannot be obtained because the real-time temperature of the melt cannot be detected in real time in the vacuum casting process of the high-temperature alloy in the prior art, and the research on the correlation between the quality and the performance of the casting, the cooling speed and the change trend of the casting is not facilitated.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a vacuum casting method of a superalloy capable of detecting a melt temperature in real time, comprising the steps of:
preparing a shell: preparing a formed shell, wherein the prepared shell is provided with a reserved temperature measuring hole;
assembling a corundum tube: assembling a corundum tube in the temperature measuring hole, wherein a first end of the corundum tube is positioned in a cavity of the mold shell, the first end is a closed end, and a second end of the corundum tube is positioned at the outer side of the cavity;
charging the shell: preheating and heat-preserving the shell assembled with the corundum tube, and then placing the shell into a vacuum induction melting furnace;
thermocouple installation: assembling a temperature sensing end of a thermocouple into the corundum tube through the second end, connecting a signal transmission end of the thermocouple with an external temperature measuring instrument, and starting real-time temperature measurement;
melting and pouring master alloy: and melting the high-temperature alloy master alloy in a vacuum environment, pouring the melt into the shell after the temperature of the high-temperature alloy master alloy melt is raised to be within a target temperature range, and acquiring the real-time temperature of the melt in the pouring and cooling processes through the external temperature measuring instrument.
In some embodiments, the temperature measuring hole reserved on the shell is reserved on a pouring system pouring gate when the wax mould is prepared.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the temperature measuring hole wax mould reserved on the pouring system pouring channel is phi 6 mm-phi 10mm, and the height is more than or equal to 50mm.
In some embodiments, after the master alloy melting and casting steps, further comprising:
the analysis step: and calculating the cooling rate in the solidification process of the casting through the real-time temperature obtained in the master alloy melting and pouring step, and analyzing the performance of the casting formed by casting to obtain the correlation between the cooling rate and the performance of the casting.
In some embodiments, the corundum tube is assembled with the shell in the following manner:
polishing the area of the shell with the reserved temperature measuring holes so that the temperature measuring holes are exposed;
inserting the first end of the corundum tube into the cavity of the shell through the temperature measuring hole for a preset length, wherein the preset length is the length of the cavity wall of the cavity, protruding out of the position where the temperature measuring hole is located, of the end face of the first end of the corundum tube, and fixedly sealing a gap between the corundum tube and the shell.
In some embodiments, the predetermined length is L,2 mm.ltoreq.L.ltoreq.5 mm; and/or, adopting plastic alumina to seal a gap between the corundum tube and the shell.
In some embodiments, during the shell charging step, the shell is preheated by:
putting the shell into a sand box, filling quartz sand between the shell and the wall of the sand box, putting the shell and the wall of the sand box into a muffle furnace, slowly heating the shell and the wall of the sand box along with the furnace from room temperature to 900-1100 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-5 h at 900-1100 ℃; or,
and wrapping the shell by adopting an aluminum silicate fiber heat preservation felt, then placing the shell wrapped with the heat preservation felt into a muffle furnace, slowly heating to 900-1100 ℃ from room temperature along with the furnace, and preserving heat for 3-5 h at 900-1100 ℃.
In some embodiments, prior to placing the shell into a flask or wrapping with an aluminum silicate fiber insulation blanket, further comprising:
and cleaning the die cavity by purified water and airing.
In some embodiments, the target temperature range is 1450 ℃ to 1550 ℃; and/or the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is less than or equal to 1.0Pa.
In some embodiments, the thermocouple has a measurement range of 600 ℃ to 1700 ℃.
The high-temperature alloy vacuum casting method capable of detecting the temperature of the melt in real time has the following beneficial effects:
the temperature measuring hole capable of assembling the thermocouple is reserved in the preparation process of the shell, so that a corresponding corundum tube can be assembled at the temperature measuring hole after the shell is prepared, the thermocouple is further assembled in the corundum tube, the thermocouple is isolated from a melt in the cavity through the corundum tube, the thermocouple is effectively prevented from being broken and damaged due to the fact that the thermocouple is in direct contact with the high-temperature melt in the temperature detection process, and the service life of the thermocouple is prolonged; meanwhile, the corundum tube can be more conveniently and fixedly sealed with the mold shell, so that the problem that the thermocouple is directly fixedly sealed with the mold shell to cause the use of the thermocouple to be limited to the mold shell is solved, namely, the applicable working condition of the thermocouple is improved, and the use cost is reduced; meanwhile, the temperature in the casting and cooling process of the melt is detected and obtained in real time by the thermocouple in the vacuum casting process of the high-temperature alloy, namely, the dynamic temperature in the casting and cooling process of the melt of the high-temperature alloy is measured in real time, continuously and accurately, so that the method is beneficial to follow-up research on the correlation between the temperature and cooling rate of each solidification stage in the process and the quality of the casting, is beneficial to guiding the parameter selection of the vacuum casting of the follow-up high-temperature alloy, and improves the quality of the casting prepared by the vacuum casting method of the high-temperature alloy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the drawings described below are merely exemplary and that other embodiments may be derived from the drawings provided without undue effort.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the present specification are shown only for the purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, so that any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments of sizes, which do not affect the efficacy or the achievement of the present invention, should fall within the ambit of the technical disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the steps of a superalloy vacuum casting method capable of detecting melt temperature in real time in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a shell with a reserved temperature measurement hole used in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing dynamic temperature profile during melt pouring and condensing during the practice of the casting method of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing dynamic temperature profile during melt casting and condensation during the practice of the casting method of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the dynamic temperature profile during melt casting and condensation during the practice of the casting method of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one relationship describing the association of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention; the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Referring now to fig. 1 to 5 in combination, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a superalloy vacuum casting method capable of detecting a melt temperature in real time, comprising the steps of:
preparing a shell: preparing a formed shell, wherein the prepared shell is provided with a reserved temperature measuring hole;
assembling a corundum tube: assembling a corundum tube in the temperature measuring hole, wherein a first end of the corundum tube is positioned in a cavity of the mold shell, the first end is a closed end, and a second end of the corundum tube is positioned outside the cavity;
charging the shell: preheating and heat-preserving the shell assembled with the corundum tube, and then placing the shell into a vacuum induction melting furnace;
thermocouple installation: assembling a temperature sensing end of a thermocouple into the corundum tube through the second end, connecting a signal transmission end of the thermocouple with an external temperature measuring instrument, and starting real-time temperature measurement;
melting and pouring master alloy: and melting the high-temperature alloy master alloy in a vacuum environment, pouring the melt into the shell after the temperature of the high-temperature alloy master alloy melt is raised to be within a target temperature range, and acquiring the real-time temperature of the melt in the pouring and cooling processes through the external temperature measuring instrument. It will be appreciated that the master alloy has been placed in an associated holder (e.g. crucible) in the melting furnace prior to melting and pouring of the master alloy.
According to the technical scheme, the temperature measuring hole capable of assembling the thermocouple is reserved in the preparation process of the shell, so that a corresponding corundum tube can be assembled at the temperature measuring hole after the shell is prepared, the thermocouple is further assembled in the corundum tube, the thermocouple is isolated from a melt in the cavity through the corundum tube, the thermocouple is effectively prevented from being broken and damaged due to the fact that the thermocouple is in direct contact with the high-temperature melt in the temperature detection process, and the service life of the thermocouple is prolonged; meanwhile, the corundum tube can be more conveniently and fixedly sealed with the shell, so that the situation that the thermocouple is used only in the shell due to the fact that the thermocouple is directly assembled with the shell is avoided, namely, the applicable working condition of the thermocouple is improved, and the use cost is reduced; meanwhile, the temperature in the casting and cooling process of the melt is detected and obtained in real time by the thermocouple in the vacuum casting process of the high-temperature alloy, namely, the dynamic temperature in the casting and cooling process of the melt of the high-temperature alloy is measured in real time, continuously and accurately, so that the method is beneficial to follow-up research on the correlation between the temperature and cooling rate of each solidification stage in the process and the quality of the casting, is beneficial to guiding the parameter selection of the vacuum casting of the follow-up high-temperature alloy, and improves the quality of the casting prepared by the vacuum casting method of the high-temperature alloy.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature measuring hole reserved on the shell is reserved on a pouring system pouring gate when the wax mould is prepared, and the temperature measuring hole is reserved on the pouring system pouring gate, so that the temperature measuring hole can be prevented from being positioned on a casting to influence the integrity of the casting.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the temperature measuring hole wax mould reserved on the pouring system pouring channel is phi 6 mm-phi 10mm, the height is more than or equal to 50mm, the diameter is more than or equal to phi 6mm, the subsequent corundum tube can be smoothly embedded into the shell, the diameter is less than or equal to phi 10mm, the problem that the overall design requirement of the casting mould is influenced due to overlarge temperature measuring holes can be reduced/avoided, the height is more than or equal to 50mm, and the accurate identification of the temperature measuring hole positions after the wax mould is repeatedly dip-coated, sand-spread and dried to prepare the shell can be ensured.
In some embodiments, after the master alloy melting and casting steps, further comprising:
the analysis step: and calculating the cooling rate in the solidification process of the casting through the real-time temperature obtained in the master alloy melting and pouring step, and analyzing the performance of the casting formed by casting to obtain the correlation between the cooling rate and the performance of the casting.
In some embodiments, the corundum tube is assembled with the shell in the following manner:
polishing the area of the shell with the reserved temperature measuring holes so that the temperature measuring holes are exposed;
inserting the first end of the corundum tube into the cavity of the shell through the temperature measuring hole for a preset length, wherein the preset length is the length of the cavity wall of the cavity, protruding out of the position where the temperature measuring hole is located, of the first end face of the corundum tube, and fixedly sealing a gap between the corundum tube and the shell, and in a specific embodiment, fixedly sealing the gap between the corundum tube and the shell by adopting plastic alumina. .
According to the technical scheme, the corundum tube is fixedly sealed in the temperature measuring hole, so that the possible damage of melt overflow in the cavity to the thermocouple is prevented.
In a specific embodiment, the preset length is L, L is less than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 5mm, the distance is more than or equal to 2mm, the thermocouple assembled in the thermocouple can effectively measure the real-time temperature of the melt in the cavity, and the phenomenon that the corundum tube is broken due to the fact that excessive melt impacts the corundum tube is reduced or avoided when the distance is less than or equal to 5mm, so that reliable temperature measurement is guaranteed.
In some embodiments, during the shell charging step, the shell is preheated by:
putting the shell into a sand box, filling quartz sand between the shell and the wall of the sand box, putting the shell and the wall of the sand box into a muffle furnace, slowly heating the shell and the wall of the sand box along with the furnace from room temperature to 900-1100 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-5 h at 900-1100 ℃; or the shell is wrapped by aluminum silicate fiber heat-insulating felt, then the shell wrapped by the heat-insulating felt is put into a muffle furnace, the temperature is slowly raised to 900-1100 ℃ along with the furnace from the room temperature, and the heat is preserved for 3-5 h at 900-1100 ℃. In the technical scheme, the mold shell and the high-temperature melt have proper temperature gradient through preheating and heat preservation, so that good mold filling of the casting is ensured, and further, the molding quality of the casting is ensured.
In some embodiments, prior to placing the shell into a flask or wrapping with an aluminum silicate fiber insulation blanket, further comprising:
and cleaning the die cavity by purified water and airing to avoid residual impurities in the die cavity.
In some embodiments, the target temperature range is 1450-1550 ℃, so that the regulation and control of microstructure can be realized while good mold filling of the casting can be ensured; and/or the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is less than or equal to 1.0Pa, so that the increase of the content of harmful impurity elements in the casting due to high vacuum degree is avoided.
In some embodiments, the thermocouple has a measurement range of 600 ℃ to 1700 ℃, specifically, in a specific example, the thermocouple is a type B platinum rhodium thermocouple, so as to ensure accurate measurement of the temperature of the superalloy melt.
For a further understanding of the present invention, the present invention is described below with reference to the examples, which are only illustrative of the features and advantages of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Example 1:
(1) 25kg of K4169 superalloy master alloy is selected for later use.
(2) And (3) assembling a wax mould with the welding diameter phi of 8mm and the height of 55mm on a pouring channel of a wax mould pouring system for castings to serve as a reserved temperature measuring hole.
(3) The wax pattern is repeatedly dip-coated, sand-spread and air-dried, then the wax pattern is removed at high temperature, and then the shell is obtained after high-temperature roasting (figure 2).
(4) And (3) finely polishing the reserved temperature measuring hole of the mold shell to expose the end head of the temperature measuring hole, embedding one end of the corundum pipe into the cavity 3 mm+/-1 mm away from the inner wall of the cavity through the temperature measuring hole, enabling the other end of the corundum pipe to reach the height of 10 mm+/-2 mm below the casting head, and then fixedly sealing a gap between the mold shell and the corundum pipe by adopting plastic aluminum oxide to ensure sealing.
(5) And cleaning the die cavity by purified water, airing, placing the shell into a sand box, filling quartz sand between the shell and the wall of the sand box, then placing the sand box into a muffle furnace, slowly heating the sand box to 1050 ℃ along with the furnace from room temperature, and preserving heat for 3-5 h at 1050 ℃.
(6) The sand box after heat treatment is moved into a 50kg vacuum induction furnace (namely the vacuum induction melting furnace), a B-type platinum-rhodium thermocouple is inserted into a corundum tube, one end of the B-thermocouple reaches the inside of a cavity, and the other end of the B-thermocouple is connected to an external temperature measuring instrument through a terminal of the vacuum induction furnace to start real-time temperature measurement.
(7) And (3) carrying out vacuum treatment after closing the furnace door, and transmitting power to the induction coil when the vacuum degree is 0.9Pa, so that 25kg of master alloy is completely melted, and obtaining alloy melt.
(8) The power of the vacuum induction furnace is increased to make the temperature of the alloy melt reach 1470 ℃, the alloy melt is poured into the shell, the induction coil is powered off when the pouring is completed, the dynamic temperature (figure 3) of the high-temperature alloy melt in the pouring and cooling process can be obtained by the external temperature measuring instrument, the vacuum is broken after the pouring is completed for 10 minutes, and the sand box is moved out of the vacuum induction furnace.
Example 2:
the casting temperature parameters are as follows: increasing the power of the vacuum induction furnace to make the temperature of the alloy melt reach 1500 ℃, and pouring the alloy melt into the shell.
The remaining non-involved steps are the same as in example 1.
The dynamic temperatures of the casting and cooling process to obtain the superalloy melt are shown in FIG. 4.
Example 3:
the casting temperature parameters are as follows: increasing the power of the vacuum induction furnace to make the temperature of the alloy melt reach 1500 ℃, and pouring the alloy melt into the shell.
The shell heat preservation mode is as follows: and cleaning the die cavity by purified water, airing, wrapping the shell by adopting an aluminum silicate fiber heat-insulating felt in a single layer, and then placing the shell wrapped with the heat-insulating felt into a muffle furnace.
The remaining non-involved steps are the same as in example 1.
The dynamic temperatures of the casting and cooling process to obtain the superalloy melt are shown in FIG. 5.
Using the dynamic temperature profiles (FIGS. 3-5) of the casting and cooling process of the superalloy melt measured in examples 1-3, the cooling rate of the casting at the initial, intermediate and final solidification stages of the solidification process can be calculated and obtained according to the formula v= Deltat/Deltat, where v is the cooling rate of the casting during solidification, deltat is the temperature change during solidification, deltat is the corresponding time change, and the results are shown in the following table.
| Initial stage of coagulation | Mid-coagulation period | End of coagulation | |
| Example 1 | 0.16℃/s | 0.07℃/s | 0.01℃/s |
| Example 2 | 0.29℃/s | 0.15℃/s | 0.06℃/s |
| Example 3 | 0.34℃/s | 0.16℃/s | 0.07℃/s |
Based on the dynamic temperature curve of the table and the corresponding actual mass of the casting, a specific optimized cooling rate can be obtained.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention. The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-temperature alloy vacuum casting method capable of detecting the temperature of a melt in real time is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a shell: preparing a formed shell, wherein the prepared shell is provided with a reserved temperature measuring hole;
assembling a corundum tube: assembling a corundum tube in the temperature measuring hole, wherein a first end of the corundum tube is positioned in a cavity of the mold shell, the first end is a closed end, and a second end of the corundum tube is positioned at the outer side of the cavity;
charging the shell: preheating and heat-preserving the shell assembled with the corundum tube, and then placing the shell into a vacuum induction melting furnace;
thermocouple installation: assembling a temperature sensing end of a thermocouple into the corundum tube through the second end, connecting a signal transmission end of the thermocouple with an external temperature measuring instrument, and starting real-time temperature measurement;
melting and pouring master alloy: and melting the high-temperature alloy master alloy in a vacuum environment, pouring the melt into the shell after the temperature of the high-temperature alloy master alloy melt is raised to be within a target temperature range, and acquiring the real-time temperature of the melt in the pouring and cooling processes through the external temperature measuring instrument.
2. The vacuum casting method of superalloy as in claim 1, wherein the temperature measurement holes reserved in the mold shell are reserved in a pouring system runner during the preparation of a wax mold.
3. The vacuum casting method of superalloy according to claim 2, wherein,
the diameter of the temperature measuring hole wax mould reserved on the pouring system pouring channel is phi 6 mm-phi 10mm, and the height is more than or equal to 50mm.
4. The superalloy vacuum casting method according to claim 1, further comprising, after the master alloy melting and pouring step:
the analysis step: and calculating the cooling rate in the solidification process of the casting through the real-time temperature obtained in the master alloy melting and pouring step, and analyzing the performance of the casting formed by casting to obtain the correlation between the cooling rate and the performance of the casting.
5. The superalloy vacuum casting method according to claim 1, wherein the corundum tube and the shell are assembled by:
polishing the area of the shell with the reserved temperature measuring holes so that the temperature measuring holes are exposed;
inserting the first end of the corundum tube into the cavity of the shell through the temperature measuring hole for a preset length, wherein the preset length is the length of the cavity wall of the cavity, protruding out of the position where the temperature measuring hole is located, of the end face of the first end of the corundum tube, and fixedly sealing a gap between the corundum tube and the shell.
6. The superalloy vacuum casting method according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined length is L,2mm < L < 5mm; and/or, adopting plastic alumina to seal a gap between the corundum tube and the shell.
7. The superalloy vacuum casting method according to claim 1, wherein in the shell charging step, the shell is preheated by:
putting the shell into a sand box, filling quartz sand between the shell and the wall of the sand box, putting the shell and the wall of the sand box into a muffle furnace, slowly heating the shell and the wall of the sand box along with the furnace from room temperature to 900-1100 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-5 h at 900-1100 ℃; or,
and wrapping the shell by adopting an aluminum silicate fiber heat preservation felt, then placing the shell wrapped with the heat preservation felt into a muffle furnace, slowly heating to 900-1100 ℃ from room temperature along with the furnace, and preserving heat for 3-5 h at 900-1100 ℃.
8. The superalloy vacuum casting method according to claim 7, further comprising, prior to placing the shell in a flask or wrapping with an aluminum silicate fiber insulation blanket:
and cleaning the die cavity by purified water and airing.
9. The superalloy vacuum casting method according to claim 1, wherein the target temperature range is 1450 ℃ -1550 ℃; and/or the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is less than or equal to 1.0Pa.
10. The superalloy vacuum casting method according to claim 1, wherein the thermocouple is measured in a range of 600 ℃ to 1700 ℃.
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