CN117675029B - Uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution - Google Patents
Uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical communication, and discloses an uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution, which comprises the following steps: the transmitting end randomly prepares a polarization quantum state and transmits the polarization quantum state to the receiving end; performing a base alignment process between two ends to obtain two base vector unmatched measurement matrixes; respectively calculating the matrix distance between the two matrix mismatched measuring matrixes and the target matrix, and summing the matrix distances to serve as feedback parameters of a polarization compensation algorithm; judging whether the parameter is larger than a preset threshold value or not; if the voltage is larger than the preset value, applying perturbation voltage to the electric control polarization controller, repeating the steps, calculating gradient according to the obtained feedback parameter change, and obtaining the voltage applied to the electric control polarization controller according to the gradient. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the feedback parameters are obtained for polarization compensation by utilizing the basis vector unmatched data which are needed to be discarded in the quantum key distribution process, the complexity of the system is reduced without interrupting the quantum key distribution execution process, and the safety and the stability of the system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to an uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution.
Background
Quantum key distribution can provide unconditional secure key distribution for both remote communication parties, and the most mature is the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol. The optical fiber quantum key distribution system generally adopts a single-mode optical fiber as a transmission channel, but the polarization state of photons can be changed in the transmission process due to the inherent birefringence effect of the optical fiber channel, and the photons can be changed along with the change of the external environment. Therefore, for a polarization encoded quantum key distribution system, polarization compensation is required at the receiving end to recover the polarization state of the passing quantum signal.
In the prior art, polarization compensation schemes can be divided into two types, namely discontinuous and uninterrupted. The former requires interruption of the quantum key distribution process, reduces the efficiency of secure encoding, and introduces security vulnerabilities when switching between calibration mode and working mode. The latter generally adopts a time division multiplexing or wavelength division multiplexing mode, and transmits the strong reference light and the quantum light simultaneously in the same channel, so that the polarization state of the quantum light is compensated by calibrating the reference light. The method also has various defects, such as crosstalk of the strong reference light on the quantum light, increase of noise of the quantum state, reduction of safety code forming distance, introduction of safety loopholes and reduction of safety of the system. In addition, both of these schemes require the use of additional hardware, which increases the complexity of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution,
The method comprises the following steps:
S1: random preparation of horizontal polarization quantum state at transmitting end Vertical polarization Quantum state/>+45° Polarization quantum state-45 DEG polarization Quantum State/>The quantum state is sent to a receiving end, the receiving end randomly selects a right-angle base vector or a diagonal base vector to measure, and the quantum state transmission process is completed after repeating for N times;
s2: a base pairing process is carried out between a sending end and a receiving end, and data matched with base vectors are reserved as initial key bits by the two parties; publishing data of unmatched basis vectors, counting two detectors under unmatched measurement basis vectors when each quantum state is sent, and calculating by using a preset method to obtain two unmatched measurement matrixes;
s3: respectively calculating the matrix distance between the two matrix mismatched measuring matrixes and the target matrix, and summing the matrix distances to serve as feedback parameters of a polarization compensation algorithm;
s4: judging whether the feedback parameter is larger than a preset threshold value or not;
S5: if the feedback parameter is larger than a preset threshold, applying perturbation voltage to the electric control polarization controller, repeating the steps S1 to S4, calculating a gradient according to the obtained feedback parameter change, and obtaining the voltage applied to the electric control polarization controller according to the gradient;
s6: if the feedback parameter is not greater than the preset threshold, the voltage of the electric control polarization controller is unchanged, and the steps S1 to S4 are repeated.
Preferably, the predetermined method of calculating the two basis vector mismatch measurement matrices in step S2 comprises the steps of:
S21: counting the transmission of horizontal polarization quantum state by the transmitting end And vertically polarized quantum state/>The detection counts obtained by the receiving end through adopting diagonal basis vector measurement are respectively/>、/>And/>、/>And counting +45° polarized quantum state/>, sent by the sending endAnd-45 DEG polarization quantum state/>The detection counts obtained by the receiving end through right-angle basis vector measurement are/>、/>And、/>Wherein, probe count/>Wherein I represents the quantum state/>, emitted by the sending endJ represents the quantum state/>, measured at the receiving end，/>；
S22: normalizing the detection counts to obtain corresponding detection probabilities respectively as follows:
，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>，/> Wherein, detection probability/> Wherein I represents the quantum state/>, emitted by the sending endJ represents the quantum state/>, measured at the receiving end，；
S23: the two basis vector mismatch measurement matrices are obtained as follows:
。
preferably, in step S3, the target matrix is 。
Preferably, the matrix distance in step S3 is manhattan distance，Where i, j is a positive integer.
Preferably, the matrix distance in step S3 is euclidean distance，Where i, j is a positive integer.
Preferably, the electronically controlled polarization controller in step S5 comprises 4 extruders, and step S5 is performed for each extruder in turn.
Preferably, in step S5, the voltage applied to the electronically controlled polarization controller is calculated as V ' =v-v0+k (R ' -R)/V0, where V is the previous applied voltage, V0 is the perturbation voltage, k is a predetermined coefficient, and R ' and R are the current and previous feedback parameter values, respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides an uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution, which obtains feedback parameters for polarization compensation by utilizing the basis vector unmatched data which is needed to be discarded in the quantum key distribution process, does not need to interrupt the quantum key distribution execution process, does not need to add additional devices, eliminates noise and security holes caused by strong reference light, reduces the complexity of a system, and improves the safety and stability of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communications and quantum key distribution according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown.
As shown in fig. 1, an uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution includes the steps of:
S1: random preparation of horizontal polarization quantum state at transmitting end Vertical polarization Quantum state/>+45° Polarization quantum state-45 DEG polarization Quantum State/>The quantum state is sent to a receiving end, the receiving end randomly selects a right-angle base vector or a diagonal base vector to measure, and the quantum state transmission process is completed after repeating for N times;
s2: a base pairing process is carried out between a sending end and a receiving end, and data matched with base vectors are reserved as initial key bits by the two parties; publishing data of unmatched basis vectors, counting two detectors under unmatched measurement basis vectors when each quantum state is sent, and calculating by using a preset method to obtain two unmatched measurement matrixes;
s3: respectively calculating the matrix distance between the two matrix mismatched measuring matrixes and the target matrix, and summing the matrix distances to serve as feedback parameters of a polarization compensation algorithm;
s4: judging whether the feedback parameter is larger than a preset threshold value or not;
S5: if the feedback parameter is larger than a preset threshold, applying perturbation voltage to the electric control polarization controller, repeating the steps S1 to S4, calculating a gradient according to the obtained feedback parameter change, and obtaining the voltage applied to the electric control polarization controller according to the gradient;
s6: if the feedback parameter is not greater than the preset threshold, the voltage of the electric control polarization controller is unchanged, and the steps S1 to S4 are repeated.
The predetermined method for calculating the two basis vector mismatch measurement matrices in step S2 comprises the steps of:
S21: counting the transmission of horizontal polarization quantum state by the transmitting end And vertically polarized quantum state/>The receiving end adopts diagonal measurement to obtain detection counts of/>, respectively、 />And/>、 />And counting +45° polarization quantum state transmitted by the transmitting endAnd-45 DEG polarization quantum state/>The detection counts obtained by the right angle measurement of the receiving end are/>, respectively、 />And/>、 />Detection count/>Wherein I represents the quantum state/>, emitted by the sending endJ represents the quantum state/>, measured at the receiving end， ；
S22: normalizing the detection counts to obtain corresponding detection probabilities respectively as follows:，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>，/> Wherein, detection probability/> Wherein I represents the quantum state/>, emitted by the sending endJ represents the quantum state/>, measured at the receiving end，；
S23: the two basis vector mismatch measurement matrices are obtained as follows:。
In step S3, the target matrix is 。
The matrix distance in step S3 is Manhattan distance，Where i, j is a positive integer.
The electrically controlled polarization controller in step S5 includes 4 extruders, and step S5 is sequentially performed for each extruder.
In step S5, the voltage applied to the electronically controlled polarization controller is calculated as V ' =v-v0+k (R ' -R)/V0, where V is the previous applied voltage, V0 is the perturbation voltage, k is a predetermined coefficient, and R ' and R are the current and previous feedback parameter values, respectively.
The specific principle is as follows:
random preparation of horizontal polarization quantum state at transmitting end Vertical polarization Quantum state/>+45° Polarization Quantum state/>-45 DEG polarization Quantum State/>One of the quantum states is sent to a receiving end, and the receiving end randomly selects a right-angle basis vector or a diagonal basis vector for measurement, wherein
，
After transmission through the optical fiber channel, the polarization of the quantum state is randomly disturbed, and the quantum state becomes any polarization state when entering the receiving end. Assume that the polarization state sent by the sending end is a horizontal polarization quantum stateThe quantum state entering the receiving end can be written as
，
Wherein,Is the included angle between the quantum state and the horizontal polarization of the receiving end,/>Is the phase difference between the horizontally and vertically polarized projection components of the quantum state at the receiving end. Horizontally polarized quantum state/>The corresponding basis vectors of polarization are right-angle basis vectors, and when the receiving end uses the basis vectors which are not matched with the basis vectors, namely the angular basis vectors are used for measuring the received quantum states, the detection results of the two corresponding single photon detectors
，
，
Where t is a coefficient related to the number of transmit pulses N, the number of quantum state average photons, channel loss, and detection efficiency. When the transmitting end transmits the vertical polarization quantum stateWhen the receiving end adopts the diagonal basis vector to measure, the detection result obtained is
，
，
The probabilities of the four detectors are respectively
，
，
Thus, a matrix of measurement of the base vector mismatch can be obtained
，
Similarly, a measurement matrix can be obtained when the polarization state under the diagonal basis vector is measured by the right-angle basis vector at the receiving end
，
Ideally, no polarization disturbance exists in the channel, and the transmitted quantum state does not change when reaching the receiving end, so that the probability of obtaining two detection results when measuring by adopting the unmatched basis vectors is 1/2, and the target matrix can be written as
，
The change of the quantum state polarization caused by channel disturbance can be compensated in real time through the polarization controller. Obviously, the closer the measurement matrix is to the target matrix, the closer the polarization state received by the measurement matrix is to the polarization state emitted by the transmitting end.
The distance between the measurement matrix and the target matrix, which may be used to characterize the proximity between the two matrices, is defined herein as the Manhattan distance，/>WhereinMatrix/>, respectivelyI, j is a positive integer. The sum of the distances of the two matrices isIt can be seen that the smaller D is, the smaller the deviation between the polarization coordinate systems of both transmitting and receiving sides is. And D is used as a feedback parameter for polarization compensation of the polarization controller, and the polarization state of the system can be compensated through a gradient descent algorithm.
The polarization compensation flow is shown in fig. 1, after the feedback parameter R is obtained through quantum state transmission and according to the above method, comparing R with a predetermined threshold Rt, when the feedback parameter R is greater than the threshold, applying a perturbation voltage V0 to one extruder of the electronically controlled polarization controller, so as to obtain a new feedback parameter R ', calculating a gradient of (R' -R)/V0, and thus obtaining a correction voltage V '=v-v0+k (R' -R)/V0, k being a predetermined coefficient. And executing the steps on each extruder of the electric control polarization controller in sequence until the feedback parameter is not greater than a preset threshold value, ending the polarization compensation process, and continuing to monitor the feedback parameter.
Since the data with unmatched base vectors can be discarded after the base is paired in the conventional quantum key distribution process, key information leakage can not be caused. The scheme can fully utilize the partial data to calculate the feedback parameters, and the calculated feedback parameters are more accurate because the data quantity is equivalent to the base vector matching data and is about 10 times of the data quantity (10% of the base vector matching data quantity) for parameter estimation.
As can be seen from the comprehensive embodiments of the present invention, the present invention proposes an uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution, which performs polarization compensation by obtaining feedback parameters by using the basis vector mismatch data that is needed to be discarded in the quantum key distribution process, without interrupting the quantum key distribution execution process and without adding additional devices, thereby eliminating noise and security loopholes caused by strong reference light, reducing the complexity of the system, and improving the security and stability of the system.
Claims (6)
1. An uninterrupted polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution is characterized in that,
The method comprises the following steps:
S1: random preparation of horizontal polarization quantum state at transmitting end Vertical polarization Quantum state/>+45° Polarization Quantum state/>-45 DEG polarization Quantum State/>The quantum state is sent to a receiving end, the receiving end randomly selects a right-angle base vector or a diagonal base vector to measure, and the quantum state transmission process is completed after repeating for N times;
s2: a base pairing process is carried out between a sending end and a receiving end, and data matched with base vectors are reserved as initial key bits by the two parties; publishing data of unmatched basis vectors, counting two detectors under unmatched measurement basis vectors when each quantum state is sent, and calculating by using a preset method to obtain two unmatched measurement matrixes;
s3: respectively calculating the matrix distance between the two matrix mismatched measuring matrixes and the target matrix, and summing the matrix distances to serve as feedback parameters of a polarization compensation algorithm;
s4: judging whether the feedback parameter is larger than a preset threshold value or not;
S5: if the feedback parameter is larger than a preset threshold, applying perturbation voltage to the electric control polarization controller, repeating the steps S1 to S4, calculating a gradient according to the obtained feedback parameter change, and obtaining the voltage applied to the electric control polarization controller according to the gradient;
S6: if the feedback parameter is not greater than the preset threshold value, the voltage of the electric control polarization controller is unchanged, the steps S1 to S4 are repeated,
The predetermined method for calculating the two basis vector mismatch measurement matrices in step S2 comprises the steps of:
S21: counting the transmission of horizontal polarization quantum state by the transmitting end And vertically polarized quantum state/>The detection counts obtained by the receiving end through adopting diagonal basis vector measurement are respectively/>、/>And/>、/>And counting +45° polarized quantum state/>, sent by the sending endAnd-45 DEG polarization quantum state/>The detection counts obtained by the receiving end through right-angle basis vector measurement are/>、/>And/>、Wherein, probe count/>Wherein I represents the quantum state/>, emitted by the sending endJ represents the quantum state/>, measured at the receiving end，；
S22: normalizing the detection counts to obtain corresponding detection probabilities respectively as follows:
，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>，/> Wherein, detection probability/> Wherein I represents the quantum state/>, emitted by the sending endJ represents the quantum state/>, measured at the receiving end，；
S23: the two basis vector mismatch measurement matrices are obtained as follows:
。
2. The method of uninterrupted polarization compensation for optical communication and quantum key distribution according to claim 1, wherein the target matrix in step S3 is 。
3. The method of uninterrupted polarization compensation for optical communication and quantum key distribution according to claim 2, wherein the matrix distance in step S3 is manhattan distance，Where i, j is a positive integer.
4. The method of uninterrupted polarization compensation for optical communication and quantum key distribution according to claim 2, wherein the matrix distance in step S3 is euclidean distance，Where i, j is a positive integer.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronically controlled polarization controller in step S5 comprises 4 squelches, and step S5 is performed for each of the squelches in turn.
6. The uninterruptible polarization compensation method for optical communication and quantum key distribution according to claim 1, wherein the voltage applied to the electronically controlled polarization controller is calculated in step S5 as V ' =v-v0+k (R ' -R)/V0, where V is the previous applied voltage, V0 is the perturbation voltage, k is a predetermined coefficient, and R ' and R are the current and previous feedback parameter values, respectively.
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