CN117674255A - Control method, controller and photovoltaic system - Google Patents
Control method, controller and photovoltaic system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本申请涉及光伏控制技术领域,尤其涉及一种控制方法、控制器及光伏系统。This application relates to the field of photovoltaic control technology, and in particular to a control method, controller and photovoltaic system.
背景技术Background technique
光伏系统接入电网,在一些情况下,例如线路的非线性负载过多或者线路阻抗过高,电网可能处于弱电网状态,电网的抗扰动性差。弱电网状态下,在电网电压异常时,若电网请求光伏系统输出有功功率进行支撑,则可能因为光伏系统的电压波动导致输出的功率产生波动,可能进一步加剧电网扰动,影响光伏系统和电网的工作可靠性。When the photovoltaic system is connected to the power grid, in some cases, such as excessive nonlinear load on the line or too high line impedance, the power grid may be in a weak grid state and the power grid has poor anti-disturbance performance. In a weak grid state, when the grid voltage is abnormal, if the grid requests the photovoltaic system to output active power for support, the output power may fluctuate due to the voltage fluctuation of the photovoltaic system, which may further aggravate the grid disturbance and affect the work of the photovoltaic system and the grid. reliability.
本申请通过提供一种控制方法,以保证弱电网状态下光伏系统和电网的工作可靠性。This application provides a control method to ensure the reliability of the photovoltaic system and the power grid under weak grid conditions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请实施例提供了一种控制方法、控制器及光伏系统,以保证弱电网状态下光伏系统和电网的工作可靠性。Embodiments of the present application provide a control method, a controller and a photovoltaic system to ensure the operational reliability of the photovoltaic system and the power grid in a weak power grid state.
第一方面,本申请实施例提供了一种控制方法,应用于与电网连接的光伏系统,包括:In the first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a control method applied to a photovoltaic system connected to the power grid, including:
判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态,高压状态为电网电压大于电网额定最大电压的工作状态,低压状态为电网电压小于电网额定最小电压的工作状态;Determine whether the power grid is in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state. The high-voltage state is a working state in which the grid voltage is greater than the rated maximum voltage of the grid. The low-voltage state is a working state in which the grid voltage is less than the rated minimum voltage of the grid;
在电网处于高压状态时,根据第一电压调节降额系数,以控制光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过第一限制功率,第一电压为光伏系统的母线电压,降额系数用于调节母线电压环路的电压反馈值,电压反馈值随着降额系数的减小而减小;When the power grid is in a high-voltage state, the derating coefficient is adjusted according to the first voltage to control the active power output by the photovoltaic system not to exceed the first limit power. The first voltage is the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system, and the derating coefficient is used to adjust the bus voltage loop. The voltage feedback value of the circuit, the voltage feedback value decreases as the derating coefficient decreases;
在电网处于低压状态时,根据第一电压和第二电压的比值调节降额系数,以控制光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过第二限制功率,第二电压为电网电压。When the power grid is in a low-voltage state, the derating coefficient is adjusted according to the ratio of the first voltage and the second voltage to control the active power output by the photovoltaic system not to exceed the second limit power, and the second voltage is the power grid voltage.
在一种可能的实现方式中,根据第一电压调节降额系数,包括:In a possible implementation, adjusting the derating coefficient according to the first voltage includes:
在第一电压超过预设电压时,控制降额系数减小,直至第一电压不超过预设电压。When the first voltage exceeds the preset voltage, the derating coefficient is controlled to decrease until the first voltage does not exceed the preset voltage.
在一种可能的实现方式中,在控制降额系数减小之后,控制方法还包括:In a possible implementation, after controlling the reduction of the derating coefficient, the control method further includes:
若电网由高压状态恢复至正常状态,则控制降额系数恢复至默认值。If the power grid returns to the normal state from high voltage, the control derating coefficient is restored to the default value.
在一种可能的实现方式中,根据第一电压和第二电压的比值调节降额系数,包括:In a possible implementation, the derating coefficient is adjusted according to the ratio of the first voltage and the second voltage, including:
在比值超过预设比值时,控制降额系数减小,直至比值不超过预设比值。When the ratio exceeds the preset ratio, the derating coefficient is controlled to decrease until the ratio does not exceed the preset ratio.
在一种可能的实现方式中,在控制降额系数减小之后,控制方法还包括:In a possible implementation, after controlling the reduction of the derating coefficient, the control method further includes:
若电网由低压状态恢复至正常状态,则控制降额系数恢复至默认值。If the power grid returns to the normal state from the low voltage state, the control derating coefficient is restored to the default value.
在一种可能的实现方式中,判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态,包括:In one possible implementation, determining whether the power grid is in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state includes:
在收到电网的有功请求时,获取电网电压,并根据电网电压判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态。When receiving the active power request from the grid, the grid voltage is obtained, and the grid is judged to be in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state based on the grid voltage.
第二方面,本申请提供了一种控制装置,应用于与电网连接的光伏系统,包括:In the second aspect, this application provides a control device applied to a photovoltaic system connected to the power grid, including:
判断模块,用于判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态,高压状态为电网电压大于电网额定最大电压的工作状态,低压状态为电网电压小于电网额定最小电压的工作状态;A judgment module is used to determine whether the power grid is in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state. The high-voltage state is a working state in which the grid voltage is greater than the grid's rated maximum voltage, and the low-voltage state is a working state in which the grid voltage is less than the grid's rated minimum voltage;
第一控制模块,用于在电网处于高压状态时,根据第一电压调节降额系数,以控制光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过限制功率,第一电压为光伏系统的母线电压,降额系数用于调节母线电压环路的电压反馈值,电压反馈值随着降额系数的减小而减小;The first control module is used to adjust the derating coefficient according to the first voltage when the power grid is in a high voltage state to control the active power output by the photovoltaic system not to exceed the limited power. The first voltage is the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system, and the derating coefficient is For regulating the voltage feedback value of the bus voltage loop, the voltage feedback value decreases as the derating coefficient decreases;
第二控制模块,用于在电网处于低压状态时,根据第一电压和第二电压的比值调节降额系数,以控制光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过限制功率,第二电压为电网电压。The second control module is used to adjust the derating coefficient according to the ratio of the first voltage and the second voltage to control the active power output by the photovoltaic system not to exceed the limited power when the power grid is in a low-voltage state. The second voltage is the grid voltage.
第三方面,本申请实施例提供了一种控制器,包括存储器和处理器,存储器中存储有可在处理器上运行的计算机程序,处理器执行计算机程序时实现如上第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式控制方法的步骤。In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a controller, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the above first aspect or aspects are implemented. Any possible implementation controls the steps of the method.
第四方面,本申请实施例提供了一种光伏系统,包括如上第三方面的控制器。In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic system, including the controller of the third aspect.
第五方面,本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式控制方法的步骤。In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above first aspect or any of the possible aspects of the first aspect can be implemented. Implement the steps of a control method.
本申请实施例提供一种控制方法、控制器及光伏系统,通过在电网处于高压状态时,根据光伏系统的母线电压调节降额系数,以降低光伏系统的输出功率,保证光伏系统的母线电压不被抬高,避免输出较高的有功功率影响电网的稳定性。在电网处于低压状态时,根据母线电压和电网电压的比值调节降额系数,调低母线电压,避免输出较高的有功功率影响电网的稳定性,保证电网和光伏系统的工作可靠性。Embodiments of the present application provide a control method, a controller and a photovoltaic system. When the power grid is in a high-voltage state, the derating coefficient is adjusted according to the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic system and ensure that the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system is not is raised to avoid outputting higher active power from affecting the stability of the power grid. When the power grid is in a low-voltage state, the derating coefficient is adjusted according to the ratio of the bus voltage and the grid voltage to reduce the bus voltage to avoid outputting higher active power from affecting the stability of the power grid and ensure the reliability of the power grid and photovoltaic systems.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the purpose of the present application. For some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.
图1是本申请实施例提供的光伏系统的结构示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2是本申请实施例提供的控制方法的实现流程图;Figure 2 is an implementation flow chart of the control method provided by the embodiment of the present application;
图3是本申请实施例提供的控制装置的结构示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图4是本申请实施例提供的控制器的示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a controller provided by an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下描述中,为了说明而不是为了限定,提出了诸如特定系统结构、技术之类的具体细节,以便透彻理解本申请实施例。然而,本领域的技术人员应当清楚,在没有这些具体细节的其它实施例中也可以实现本申请。在其它情况中,省略对众所周知的系统、装置、电路以及方法的详细说明,以免不必要的细节妨碍本申请的描述。In the following description, for the purpose of explanation rather than limitation, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are provided to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图通过具体实施例来进行说明。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, specific embodiments will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是本申请实施例提供的光伏系统的结构示意图,如图1所示,光伏系统可以包括依次连接的光伏模块、DC/DC模块、DC/AC模块。其中,DC/AC模块的另一端与电网连接。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic system provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the photovoltaic system may include photovoltaic modules, DC/DC modules, and DC/AC modules connected in sequence. Among them, the other end of the DC/AC module is connected to the power grid.
在本申请的实施例中,DC/DC模块与DC/AC模块之间的直流母线为光伏系统的母线,DC/AC模块与电网之间的连接点为光伏系统与电网的并网点。In the embodiment of the present application, the DC bus between the DC/DC module and the DC/AC module is the busbar of the photovoltaic system, and the connection point between the DC/AC module and the power grid is the connection point between the photovoltaic system and the power grid.
光伏系统接入电网,弱电网情况下,电网的抗扰动性差。在电网处于异常状态时,光伏系统与电网连接的并网点电压发生波动,可能影响光伏系统输出有功功率发生波动,可能进一步加剧电网的波动,既影响电网的工作可靠性,也影响光伏系统的工作可靠性。The photovoltaic system is connected to the power grid. When the power grid is weak, the power grid has poor anti-disturbance performance. When the power grid is in an abnormal state, the voltage at the grid connection point where the photovoltaic system is connected to the grid fluctuates, which may affect the output active power of the photovoltaic system. This may further aggravate the fluctuation of the power grid, affecting both the reliability of the grid and the work of the photovoltaic system. reliability.
本申请实施例通过提供一种光系统的控制方法,以解决弱电网情况下电网和光伏系统相互影响的问题。The embodiment of the present application provides a control method for a light system to solve the problem of mutual interaction between the power grid and the photovoltaic system under a weak power grid.
参见图2,其示出了本申请实施例提供的控制方法的实现流程图。如图2所示,一种控制方法,应用于与电网连接的光伏系统,可以包括S101至S103。Refer to Figure 2, which shows an implementation flow chart of the control method provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, a control method applied to a photovoltaic system connected to the power grid may include S101 to S103.
S101,判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态,高压状态为电网电压大于电网额定最大电压的工作状态,低压状态为电网电压小于电网额定最小电压的工作状态。S101. Determine whether the power grid is in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state. The high-voltage state is a working state in which the grid voltage is greater than the grid's rated maximum voltage, and the low-voltage state is a working state in which the grid voltage is less than the grid's rated minimum voltage.
本申请实施例的执行主体可以为光伏系统的总控制器或者光伏系统中逆变器的控制器。The execution subject of the embodiment of the present application may be the overall controller of the photovoltaic system or the controller of the inverter in the photovoltaic system.
本申请实施例可以监测电网的电压。在电网电压大于电网额定最大电压时,可以判定电网处于高压状态。在电网电压小于电网额定最小电压时,可以判定电网处于低压状态。在电网电压小于或者等于电网额定最大电压,且大于或者等于电网额定最小电压时,可以判定电网处于正常状态。其中,高压状态和低压状态均为电网的异常状态。The embodiment of the present application can monitor the voltage of the power grid. When the grid voltage is greater than the rated maximum voltage of the grid, it can be determined that the grid is in a high-voltage state. When the grid voltage is less than the rated minimum voltage of the grid, it can be determined that the grid is in a low-voltage state. When the grid voltage is less than or equal to the rated maximum voltage of the grid and greater than or equal to the rated minimum voltage of the grid, it can be determined that the grid is in a normal state. Among them, both the high-voltage state and the low-voltage state are abnormal states of the power grid.
可选的,可以实时判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态。或者,在收到电网的有功请求时,判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态。其中,有功请求用于表示电网请求光伏系统输出有功功率。Optionally, it can be determined in real time whether the power grid is in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state. Or, when receiving an active power request from the power grid, it is determined that the power grid is in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state. Among them, active power request is used to indicate that the grid requests the photovoltaic system to output active power.
S102,在电网处于高压状态时,根据第一电压调节降额系数,以控制光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过第一限制功率,第一电压为光伏系统的母线电压,降额系数用于调节母线电压环路的电压反馈值,电压反馈值随着降额系数的减小而减小。S102, when the power grid is in a high-voltage state, adjust the derating coefficient according to the first voltage to control the active power output by the photovoltaic system not to exceed the first limit power. The first voltage is the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system, and the derating coefficient is used to adjust the bus. The voltage feedback value of the voltage loop, the voltage feedback value decreases as the derating coefficient decreases.
在电网电压大于电网额定最大电压时,表明电网处于高压状态。在电网处于高压状态时,光伏系统与电网并网点电压可能被抬升,导致光伏系统的母线电压升高,从而影响光伏系统的稳定性。而母线电压升高导致输出有功功率增大,弱电网情况下电网的抗干扰性较差,进而反过来影响电网的稳定性。最终导致电网和光伏系统的工作可靠性均降低。When the grid voltage is greater than the rated maximum voltage of the grid, it indicates that the grid is in a high-voltage state. When the power grid is in a high-voltage state, the voltage at the connection point between the photovoltaic system and the power grid may be raised, causing the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system to rise, thus affecting the stability of the photovoltaic system. The increase in the bus voltage leads to an increase in the output active power. In the case of a weak grid, the power grid has poor anti-interference performance, which in turn affects the stability of the power grid. Ultimately, the operating reliability of both the power grid and the photovoltaic system is reduced.
在电网处于高压状态时,可以根据第一电压调节降额系数,以降低光伏系统输出的有功功率,避免光伏系统的母线电压过高。When the power grid is in a high-voltage state, the derating coefficient can be adjusted according to the first voltage to reduce the active power output by the photovoltaic system and prevent the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system from being too high.
光伏系统的母线电压由母线电压环路进行调节,母线电压环路根据电压反馈值和给定母线电压调节母线电压,以避免母线电压过高或者过低。电压反馈值升高时,母线电压升高,电压反馈值降低时,母线电压降低。通过调节降额系数降低,可以调节母线电压降低。The bus voltage of the photovoltaic system is adjusted by the bus voltage loop. The bus voltage loop adjusts the bus voltage according to the voltage feedback value and the given bus voltage to prevent the bus voltage from being too high or too low. When the voltage feedback value increases, the bus voltage increases; when the voltage feedback value decreases, the bus voltage decreases. By adjusting the derating factor reduction, the bus voltage reduction can be adjusted.
在实际应用中,母线电压与有功功率成正比,母线电压升高时,光伏系统输出的有功功率升高,母线电压降低时,光伏系统输出的有功功率降低。因此,通过调节降额系数,可以调节母线电压,进而调节光伏系统输出的有功功率。也即,光伏系统输出的有功功率随着降额系数的减小而减小。In practical applications, the bus voltage is proportional to the active power. When the bus voltage increases, the active power output by the photovoltaic system increases. When the bus voltage decreases, the active power output by the photovoltaic system decreases. Therefore, by adjusting the derating coefficient, the bus voltage can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the active power output by the photovoltaic system. That is, the active power output by the photovoltaic system decreases as the derating coefficient decreases.
在本申请的实施例中,第一电压为光伏系统的母线电压,在第一电压过高时,可能导致光伏系统的输出有功功率过高,此时,可以调节降额系数,以限制第一电压,进而保证光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过第一限制功率。其中,第一限制功率为光伏系统在电网高压状态下最大允许输出有功功率。或者第一限制功率为或者光伏系统在电网高压状态下小于最大允许输出有功功率的功率值。In the embodiment of the present application, the first voltage is the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system. When the first voltage is too high, the output active power of the photovoltaic system may be too high. At this time, the derating coefficient can be adjusted to limit the first voltage, thereby ensuring that the active power output by the photovoltaic system does not exceed the first limit power. Among them, the first limited power is the maximum allowable output active power of the photovoltaic system under the high voltage state of the grid. Or the first limited power is or the power value of the photovoltaic system is less than the maximum allowable output active power under the high voltage state of the power grid.
S103,在电网处于低压状态时,根据第一电压和第二电压的比值调节降额系数,以控制光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过第二限制功率,第二电压为电网电压。S103. When the power grid is in a low-voltage state, adjust the derating coefficient according to the ratio of the first voltage and the second voltage to control the active power output by the photovoltaic system not to exceed the second limit power. The second voltage is the power grid voltage.
在本申请的实施例中,第一电压和第二电压的比值可以称为压差系数。在电网电压小于电网额定最小电压时,表明电网处于低压。在母线电压和电网电压正常时,压差系数处于正常范围。在电网处于低压状态时,正常情况下母线电压也会降低,以保证压差系数处于正常范围。但是,若压差系数升高,则若压差系数升高,则表明母线电压升高或者维持不变,可能导致光伏系统输出的有功功率升高,进而扰动电网,电网波动反过来也影响光伏系统的稳定性,最终导致电网和光伏系统的工作可靠性均降低。In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the first voltage and the second voltage may be called a voltage difference coefficient. When the grid voltage is less than the rated minimum voltage of the grid, it indicates that the grid is at low voltage. When the bus voltage and grid voltage are normal, the pressure difference coefficient is within the normal range. When the power grid is in a low-voltage state, the bus voltage will also decrease under normal circumstances to ensure that the pressure difference coefficient is within the normal range. However, if the pressure difference coefficient increases, it means that the bus voltage increases or remains unchanged, which may cause the active power output of the photovoltaic system to increase, thereby disturbing the power grid. Grid fluctuations in turn also affect the photovoltaic system. The stability of the system will ultimately lead to a reduction in the working reliability of both the power grid and the photovoltaic system.
在电网处于低压状态,且压差系数过高时,可以调节降额系数降低,以降低光伏系统的母线电压,进而保证光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过第二限制功率。其中,第二限制功率为光伏系统在电网低压状态下最大允许输出有功功率。或者第二限制功率为或者光伏系统在电网低压状态下小于最大允许输出有功功率的功率值。When the power grid is in a low-voltage state and the pressure difference coefficient is too high, the derating coefficient can be adjusted to reduce the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system, thereby ensuring that the active power output by the photovoltaic system does not exceed the second limit power. Among them, the second limited power is the maximum allowable output active power of the photovoltaic system under low voltage state of the grid. Or the second limited power is the power value of the photovoltaic system that is less than the maximum allowable output active power in the low voltage state of the grid.
本申请实施例通过在电网处于高压状态时,根据光伏系统的母线电压调节降额系数,以降低光伏系统的输出功率,保证光伏系统的母线电压不被抬高,避免输出较高的有功功率影响电网的稳定性。在电网处于低压状态时,根据母线电压和电网电压的比值调节降额系数,调低母线电压,避免输出较高的有功功率影响电网的稳定性,保证电网和光伏系统的工作可靠性。The embodiment of this application reduces the output power of the photovoltaic system by adjusting the derating coefficient according to the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system when the power grid is in a high-voltage state, ensuring that the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system is not raised and avoiding the impact of higher active power output. The stability of the power grid. When the power grid is in a low-voltage state, the derating coefficient is adjusted according to the ratio of the bus voltage and the grid voltage to reduce the bus voltage to avoid outputting higher active power from affecting the stability of the power grid and ensure the reliability of the power grid and photovoltaic systems.
在本申请的一些实施例中,上述S102中的“根据第一电压调节降额系数”,可以包括:In some embodiments of the present application, the "adjusting the derating coefficient according to the first voltage" in S102 above may include:
在第一电压超过预设电压时,控制降额系数减小,直至第一电压不超过预设电压。When the first voltage exceeds the preset voltage, the derating coefficient is controlled to decrease until the first voltage does not exceed the preset voltage.
在第一电压不超过预设电压时,维持降额系数不变。When the first voltage does not exceed the preset voltage, the derating coefficient remains unchanged.
在电网电压大于电网额定最大电压时,电网电压处于高压状态。此时,若母线电压超过预设电压,则表明母线电压过高,此时,可以控制降额系数逐渐减小,以调低母线电压,直至母线电压不超过预设电压,以控制光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过第一限制功率。When the grid voltage is greater than the rated maximum voltage of the grid, the grid voltage is in a high voltage state. At this time, if the bus voltage exceeds the preset voltage, it indicates that the bus voltage is too high. At this time, the derating coefficient can be controlled to gradually decrease to reduce the bus voltage until the bus voltage does not exceed the preset voltage to control the output of the photovoltaic system. The active power does not exceed the first limit power.
可选的,可以逐渐线性减小降额系数,直至母线电压不超过预设电压。或者,按照预设减小值逐渐减小降额系数,直至母线电压不超过预设电压。具体可以根据实际情况进行选择。Optionally, the derating factor can be gradually and linearly reduced until the bus voltage does not exceed the preset voltage. Or, gradually reduce the derating coefficient according to the preset reduction value until the bus voltage does not exceed the preset voltage. The specific choice can be made according to the actual situation.
本申请实施例可以在第一电压超过预设电压,且第一电压超过预设电压的持续时长超过第一预设时长时,控制降额系数减小,直至第一电压不超过预设电压。Embodiments of the present application may control the derating coefficient to decrease until the first voltage does not exceed the preset voltage when the first voltage exceeds the preset voltage and the duration for which the first voltage exceeds the preset voltage exceeds the first preset time period.
在第一电压超过预设电压,但第一电压超过预设电压的持续时长未超过第一预设时长时,维持降额系数不变。When the first voltage exceeds the preset voltage, but the duration for which the first voltage exceeds the preset voltage does not exceed the first preset time, the derating coefficient remains unchanged.
在本申请的实施例中,在电网处于正常状态时,降额系数设置为默认值,在电网处于高压状态时,可以控制降额系数由默认值逐渐降低。其中,默认值可以为1。In the embodiment of the present application, when the power grid is in a normal state, the derating coefficient is set to a default value. When the power grid is in a high-voltage state, the derating coefficient can be controlled to gradually decrease from the default value. Among them, the default value can be 1.
本申请实施例通过在电网高压状态时,逐渐控制降额系数降低,以降低母线电压,进而降低光伏系统输出的有功功率,维持电网稳定性和光伏系统的稳定性。The embodiment of the present application gradually controls the reduction of the derating coefficient when the power grid is in a high-voltage state to reduce the bus voltage, thereby reducing the active power output by the photovoltaic system and maintaining the stability of the power grid and the stability of the photovoltaic system.
在本申请的一些实施例中,在控制降额系数减小之后,该控制方法还可以包括:In some embodiments of the present application, after controlling the reduction of the derating coefficient, the control method may further include:
若电网由高压状态恢复至正常状态,则控制降额系数恢复至默认值。If the power grid returns to the normal state from high voltage, the control derating coefficient is restored to the default value.
正常状态为电网电压不小于电网额定最小电压,且不大于电网额定最大电压的工作状态。The normal state is a working state where the grid voltage is not less than the rated minimum voltage of the grid and not greater than the rated maximum voltage of the grid.
在控制降额系数减小之后,若电网由高压状态恢复为正常状态,则表明电网电压恢复正常值,光伏系统和电网连接的并网点电压由高压恢复为正常电压,母线电压环路的电压反馈值降低,此时可以调节降额系数逐渐升高至默认值,以避免母线电压过低。After the control derating coefficient is reduced, if the grid returns to the normal state from the high voltage state, it means that the grid voltage returns to the normal value. The voltage of the grid connection point connecting the photovoltaic system and the grid returns to the normal voltage from the high voltage. The voltage feedback of the bus voltage loop The value decreases. At this time, the derating coefficient can be adjusted to gradually increase to the default value to avoid the bus voltage from being too low.
本申请实施例通过在电网恢复为正常状态后,调节降额系数恢复至默认值,可以尽可能避免电网波动,保证光伏系统的工作可靠性和电网的工作可靠性。By adjusting the derating coefficient to return to the default value after the power grid returns to a normal state, the embodiment of the present application can avoid power grid fluctuations as much as possible and ensure the working reliability of the photovoltaic system and the working reliability of the power grid.
在本申请的一些实施例中,上述S103中的“根据第一电压和第二电压的比值调节降额系数”,可以包括:In some embodiments of the present application, "Adjust the derating coefficient according to the ratio of the first voltage and the second voltage" in S103 above may include:
在比值超过预设比值时,控制降额系数减小,直至比值不超过预设比值。When the ratio exceeds the preset ratio, the derating coefficient is controlled to decrease until the ratio does not exceed the preset ratio.
在该比值未超过预设比值时,维持降额系数不变。When the ratio does not exceed the preset ratio, the derating coefficient remains unchanged.
在电网电压小于电网额定最小电压时,电网电压处于低压状态。此时,若母线电压与电网电压的比值超过预设比值,则表明母线电压相对过高,此时,可以控制降额系数逐渐减小,以调低母线电压,直至母线电压与电网电压的比值不超过预设比值,以控制光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过第二限制功率。When the grid voltage is lower than the rated minimum voltage of the grid, the grid voltage is in a low voltage state. At this time, if the ratio of the bus voltage to the grid voltage exceeds the preset ratio, it indicates that the bus voltage is relatively too high. At this time, the derating coefficient can be controlled to gradually decrease to reduce the bus voltage until the ratio of the bus voltage to the grid voltage The preset ratio is not exceeded, so that the active power output by the photovoltaic system is controlled not to exceed the second limit power.
可选的,可以逐渐线性减小降额系数,直至母线电压与电网电压的比值不超过预设比值。或者,按照预设减小值逐渐减小降额系数,直至母线电压与电网电压的比值不超过预设比值。具体可以根据实际情况进行选择。Optionally, the derating coefficient can be gradually and linearly reduced until the ratio of the bus voltage to the grid voltage does not exceed the preset ratio. Or, gradually reduce the derating coefficient according to the preset reduction value until the ratio of the bus voltage to the grid voltage does not exceed the preset ratio. The specific choice can be made according to the actual situation.
本申请实施例可以在第一电压和第二电压的比值超过预设比值,且第一电压和第二电压的比值超过预设比值的持续时长超过第二预设时长时,控制降额系数减小,直至第一电压和第二电压的比值不超过预设比值。Embodiments of the present application can control the derating coefficient to decrease when the ratio of the first voltage to the second voltage exceeds the preset ratio, and the duration of the ratio of the first voltage to the second voltage exceeding the preset ratio exceeds the second preset period. Small until the ratio of the first voltage and the second voltage does not exceed the preset ratio.
在第一电压超过预设电压,但第一电压超过预设电压的持续时长未超过第一预设时长时,维持降额系数不变。When the first voltage exceeds the preset voltage, but the duration for which the first voltage exceeds the preset voltage does not exceed the first preset time, the derating coefficient remains unchanged.
本申请实施例通过在电网低压状态时,逐渐控制降额系数降低,以降低母线电压,进而降低光伏系统输出的有功功率,维持电网稳定性和光伏系统的稳定性。The embodiment of the present application gradually controls the reduction of the derating coefficient when the power grid is in a low-voltage state to reduce the bus voltage, thereby reducing the active power output by the photovoltaic system and maintaining the stability of the power grid and the stability of the photovoltaic system.
在本申请的一些实施例中,在控制降额系数减小之后,控制方法还包括:In some embodiments of the present application, after controlling the reduction of the derating coefficient, the control method further includes:
若电网由低压状态恢复至正常状态,则控制降额系数恢复至默认值。If the power grid returns to the normal state from the low voltage state, the control derating coefficient is restored to the default value.
在控制降额系数减小之后,若电网由低压状态恢复为正常状态,则可以调节降额系数逐渐升高至默认值,以保证母线电压和电网电压的比值不超过预设比值。After controlling the reduction of the derating coefficient, if the power grid returns from the low voltage state to the normal state, the derating coefficient can be adjusted to gradually increase to the default value to ensure that the ratio of the bus voltage to the grid voltage does not exceed the preset ratio.
本申请实施例通过在电网恢复为正常状态后,调节降额系数恢复至默认值,可以尽可能避免电网波动,保证光伏系统的工作可靠性和电网的工作可靠性。By adjusting the derating coefficient to return to the default value after the power grid returns to a normal state, the embodiment of the present application can avoid power grid fluctuations as much as possible and ensure the working reliability of the photovoltaic system and the working reliability of the power grid.
在本申请的一些实施例中,上述S101中的“判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态”,可以包括:In some embodiments of this application, "determining whether the power grid is in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state" in S101 above may include:
在收到电网的有功请求时,获取电网电压,并根据电网电压判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态。When receiving the active power request from the grid, the grid voltage is obtained, and the grid is judged to be in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state based on the grid voltage.
在未收到电网的有功请求时,不获取电网电压,且不进行电网工作状态的判断。When no active power request from the grid is received, the grid voltage is not obtained, and the grid working status is not judged.
电网在需要得到光伏系统的有功功率进行支撑时,可以向光伏系统发送有功请求。光伏系统在收到有功请求时,可以获取电网电压,并确定电网当前的工作状态。When the power grid needs to be supported by the active power of the photovoltaic system, it can send an active power request to the photovoltaic system. When the photovoltaic system receives an active power request, it can obtain the grid voltage and determine the current working status of the grid.
在电网电压大于电网额定最大电压时,判定电网处于高压状态。在电网电压小于电网额定最小电压时,判定电网处于低压状态。When the grid voltage is greater than the rated maximum voltage of the grid, it is determined that the grid is in a high-voltage state. When the grid voltage is less than the rated minimum voltage of the grid, the grid is determined to be in a low-voltage state.
本申请实施例在收到电网的有功请求时再执行相应的控制逻辑,以维持电网和光伏系统的稳定,避免弱电网情况下光伏系统和电网相互影响。The embodiment of the present application executes corresponding control logic when receiving an active power request from the power grid to maintain the stability of the power grid and the photovoltaic system and avoid mutual influence between the photovoltaic system and the power grid under weak power grid conditions.
应理解,上述实施例中各步骤的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiment does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application.
以下为本申请的装置实施例,对于其中未详尽描述的细节,可以参考上述对应的方法实施例。The following are device embodiments of the present application. For details that are not described in detail, reference may be made to the above corresponding method embodiments.
图3示出了本申请实施例提供的控制装置的结构示意图,为了便于说明,仅示出了与本申请实施例相关的部分,详述如下:Figure 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of the control device provided by the embodiment of the present application. For convenience of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present application are shown. The details are as follows:
如图3所示,控制装置20,应用于与电网连接的光伏系统,控制装置包括:As shown in Figure 3, the control device 20 is applied to a photovoltaic system connected to the power grid. The control device includes:
判断模块201,用于判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态,高压状态为电网电压大于电网额定最大电压的工作状态,低压状态为电网电压小于电网额定最小电压的工作状态;The determination module 201 is used to determine whether the power grid is in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state. The high-voltage state is a working state in which the grid voltage is greater than the grid's rated maximum voltage, and the low-voltage state is a working state in which the grid voltage is less than the grid's rated minimum voltage;
第一控制模块202,用于在电网处于高压状态时,根据第一电压调节降额系数,以控制光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过限制功率,第一电压为光伏系统的母线电压,降额系数用于调节母线电压环路的电压反馈值,电压反馈值随着降额系数的减小而减小;The first control module 202 is used to adjust the derating coefficient according to the first voltage when the power grid is in a high voltage state to control the active power output by the photovoltaic system not to exceed the limited power. The first voltage is the bus voltage of the photovoltaic system, and the derating coefficient It is used to adjust the voltage feedback value of the bus voltage loop. The voltage feedback value decreases as the derating coefficient decreases;
第二控制模块203,用于在电网处于低压状态时,根据第一电压和第二电压的比值调节降额系数,以控制光伏系统输出的有功功率不超过限制功率,第二电压为电网电压。可以包括:The second control module 203 is used to adjust the derating coefficient according to the ratio of the first voltage and the second voltage to control the active power output by the photovoltaic system not to exceed the limited power when the power grid is in a low-voltage state. The second voltage is the grid voltage. Can include:
在本申请的一些实施例中,第一控制模块202,还用于在第一电压超过预设电压时,控制降额系数减小,直至第一电压不超过预设电压。In some embodiments of the present application, the first control module 202 is also used to control the derating coefficient to decrease when the first voltage exceeds the preset voltage until the first voltage does not exceed the preset voltage.
在本申请的一些实施例中,该控制装置20还可以包括:In some embodiments of the present application, the control device 20 may also include:
第三控制模块,用于在控制降额系数减小之后,若电网由高压状态恢复至正常状态,则控制降额系数恢复至默认值。The third control module is used to control the derating coefficient to return to the default value if the power grid returns to the normal state from the high voltage state after the derating coefficient is reduced.
在本申请的一些实施例中,第二控制模块203,还用于在比值超过预设比值时,控制降额系数减小,直至比值不超过预设比值。In some embodiments of the present application, the second control module 203 is also used to control the derating coefficient to decrease until the ratio does not exceed the preset ratio when the ratio exceeds the preset ratio.
在本申请的一些实施例中,该控制装置20还可以包括:In some embodiments of the present application, the control device 20 may also include:
第四控制模块,用于在控制降额系数减小之后,若电网由低压状态恢复至正常状态,则控制降额系数恢复至默认值。The fourth control module is used to control the derating coefficient to return to the default value if the power grid returns to the normal state from the low voltage state after the derating coefficient is reduced.
在本申请的一些实施例中,判断模块201,还用于在收到电网的有功请求时,获取电网电压,并根据电网电压判断电网处于高压状态或者低压状态。In some embodiments of the present application, the determination module 201 is also used to obtain the grid voltage when receiving an active power request from the grid, and determine whether the grid is in a high-voltage state or a low-voltage state based on the grid voltage.
图4是本申请实施例提供的控制器的示意图。如图4所示,该实施例的控制器30包括:处理器300和存储器301,存储器301中存储有可在处理器300上运行的计算机程序302。处理器300执行计算机程序302时实现上述各个控制方法实施例中的步骤。或者,处理器300执行计算机程序302时实现上述各装置实施例中各模块/单元的功能。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a controller provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4 , the controller 30 of this embodiment includes: a processor 300 and a memory 301 . The memory 301 stores a computer program 302 that can run on the processor 300 . When the processor 300 executes the computer program 302, the steps in each of the above control method embodiments are implemented. Alternatively, when the processor 300 executes the computer program 302, the functions of each module/unit in each of the above device embodiments are implemented.
示例性的,计算机程序302可以被分割成一个或多个模块/单元,一个或者多个模块/单元被存储在存储器301中,并由处理器300执行,以完成本申请。一个或多个模块/单元可以是能够完成特定功能的一系列计算机程序指令段,该指令段用于描述计算机程序302在控制器30中的执行过程。For example, the computer program 302 can be divided into one or more modules/units, and one or more modules/units are stored in the memory 301 and executed by the processor 300 to complete the present application. One or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of completing specific functions. The instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program 302 in the controller 30 .
控制器30可以是光伏系统的额控制器或者逆变器的控制器。控制器30可包括,但不仅限于,处理器300、存储器301。本领域技术人员可以理解,图4仅仅是控制器30的示例,并不构成对控制器30的限定,可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件,或者组合某些部件,或者不同的部件,例如控制器还可以包括输入输出设备、网络接入设备、总线等。The controller 30 may be a controller of a photovoltaic system or a controller of an inverter. The controller 30 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 300 and a memory 301. Those skilled in the art can understand that FIG. 4 is only an example of the controller 30 and does not constitute a limitation on the controller 30. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or some components may be combined, or different components may be used. , for example, the controller may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
所称处理器300可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit,CPU),还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。The processor 300 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc.
存储器301可以是控制器30的内部存储单元,例如控制器30的硬盘或内存。存储器301也可以是控制器30的外部存储设备,例如控制器30上配备的插接式硬盘,智能存储卡(Smart Media Card,SMC),安全数字(Secure Digital,SD)卡,闪存卡(Flash Card)等。进一步地,存储器301还可以既包括控制器30的内部存储单元也包括外部存储设备。存储器301用于存储计算机程序以及控制器所需的其他程序和数据。存储器301还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的数据。The memory 301 may be an internal storage unit of the controller 30 , such as a hard disk or memory of the controller 30 . The memory 301 can also be an external storage device of the controller 30, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash memory card (Flash) equipped on the controller 30. Card) etc. Further, the memory 301 may also include both an internal storage unit of the controller 30 and an external storage device. Memory 301 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the controller. The memory 301 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为了描述的方便和简洁,仅以上述各功能单元、模块的划分进行举例说明,实际应用中,可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能单元、模块完成,即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能单元或模块,以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。实施例中的各功能单元、模块可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中,上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。另外,各功能单元、模块的具体名称也只是为了便于相互区分,并不用于限制本申请的保护范围。上述系统中单元、模块的具体工作过程,可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above functional units and modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be allocated to different functional units and modules according to needs. Module completion means dividing the internal structure of the device into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. Each functional unit and module in the embodiment can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be hardware-based. It can also be implemented in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of each functional unit and module are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present application. For the specific working processes of the units and modules in the above system, reference can be made to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described again here.
本申请实施例还提供一种光伏系统,包括如上的控制器30。An embodiment of the present application also provides a photovoltaic system, including the above controller 30.
在上述实施例中,对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重,某个实施例中没有详述或记载的部分,可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。In the above embodiments, each embodiment is described with its own emphasis. For parts that are not detailed or documented in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到,结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤,能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行,取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented with electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality using different methods for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
在本申请所提供的实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的装置/控制器和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置/控制器实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,模块或单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通讯连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通讯连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed device/controller and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device/controller embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components. can be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented. On the other hand, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。A unit described as a separate component may or may not be physically separate. A component shown as a unit may or may not be a physical unit, that is, it may be located in one place, or it may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
另外,在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated into one processing unit, each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.
集成的模块/单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本申请实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,也可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,的计算机程序可存储于一计算机可读存储介质中,该计算机程序在被处理器执行时,可实现上述各个控制方法实施例的步骤。其中,计算机程序包括计算机程序代码,计算机程序代码可以为源代码形式、对象代码形式、可执行文件或某些中间形式等。计算机可读介质可以包括:能够携带计算机程序代码的任何实体或装置、记录介质、U盘、移动硬盘、磁碟、光盘、计算机存储器、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory,ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM)、电载波信号、电信信号以及软件分发介质等。Integrated modules/units may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products. Based on this understanding, the present application can implement all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments, and can also use a computer program to instruct relevant hardware to complete the process. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed by the processor, the steps of each of the above control method embodiments can be implemented. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form, etc. Computer-readable media may include: any entity or device that can carry computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunications signals, and software distribution media, etc.
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but are not intended to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments. Modifications are made to the recorded technical solutions, or equivalent substitutions are made to some of the technical features; these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and shall be included in this application. within the scope of protection.
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