CN117671107A - Three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method, device, electronic product and medium - Google Patents
Three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method, device, electronic product and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method, a device, an electronic product and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a universal format file derived from CAD software or CAE software; recoding, encrypting and compressing the universal format file to generate a new format file; and importing the file with the new format into a WebGL framework to perform scene rendering. The three-dimensional model light-weight rendering method, the three-dimensional model light-weight rendering device, the electronic product and the medium can realize the light weight of the model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of three-dimensional visualization, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method, a device, an electronic product and a medium.
Background
The three-dimensional visualization technology is characterized by digital information, and the three-dimensional visualization influence is presented on a three-dimensional screen by utilizing graphic programming, visual programming and other technologies so as to achieve the purpose of visual interaction analysis. The three-dimensional visualization is realized by the following steps:
(1) Three-dimensional data scene acquisition: generally, in actual production, the manner in which scene data is acquired includes computer software building a target scene model and practicing device sampling feature data. In actual production practice, the 3DsMax technology is often introduced into three-dimensional building model construction, and mapping of data values and visual effects is achieved through the basis of three-dimensional sampling data, so that the visual effects are better and more reliable. Finally, inputting the data into two-dimensional coordinates of the screen, and converting the data into a three-dimensional visual graph through a visual interface.
(2) Target area selection: the step plays a role in preprocessing in three-dimensional visualization, mainly cleans the collected target data, cleans data bodies except for the main target, and only retains the related data of the target, so that the data is better, more reliable and more accurate.
(3) And carrying out transparency demonstration on the target area: after the main target volume data is reserved, the target area needs to be subjected to transparent visualization, and on the basis of obtaining the transparency attribute of the target data, each data sample is converted into an original value corresponding to the original three-dimensional data by using a three-dimensional visualization method of 3D pixels. And finally constructing corresponding three-dimensional pixel columns to provide a visualization operation.
(4) And (3) analyzing results: the result visualization processing mainly comprises a cross section visualization method, a volume rendering method and the like. Section visualization draws curved surfaces and planes in any direction mainly by sampling the data of two-dimensional sections. Volume rendering is largely divided into indirect volume rendering methods and direct volume rendering methods. The indirect volume rendering is mainly used for extracting data by means of a geometric surface, does not need to construct any geometric expression, directly colors three-dimensional data by means of three-dimensional sampling, visual mapping, coordinate transformation and other technologies, and can be used for drawing corresponding images in a two-dimensional screen.
Due to the vigorous development of the emerging technologies such as the Internet, the development of the three-dimensional visualization technology based on Web is promoted, and the three-dimensional visualization technology is further widely applied. The traditional technical means for realizing three-dimensional data by Web3D comprise VRML, X3D, java3D and the like, and all have the defects of plug-in components to be installed, components to be added, complex operation, cross compatibility and the like. The WebGL specification has the advantages of no plug-in 3D image acceleration, strong compatibility, good rendering effect and the like, and is rapidly supported by large browser enterprises. Therefore, the WebGL technology can directly and visually display all three-dimensional data on a Web browser without a plug-in.
However, in engineering practice, there is a general problem that the Web3D model has large data volume and is inconvenient to process and load. Thus, there is an urgent need for lightweight processing of the Web3D model.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method, a three-dimensional model lightweight rendering device, an electronic product and a three-dimensional model lightweight rendering medium, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method, including:
acquiring a universal format file derived from CAD software or CAE software;
recoding, encrypting and compressing the universal format file to generate a new format file;
and importing the file with the new format into a WebGL framework to perform scene rendering.
In some embodiments, the universal format file comprises: a three-dimensional model file, or a three-dimensional model data file;
the three-dimensional model file includes: stl, obj, or 3mf format files;
the three-dimensional model data file includes: inp, or json format file.
In some embodiments, recoding, encrypting, compressing for a universal format file to generate a new format file includes:
opening the three-dimensional model file or the three-dimensional model data file;
extracting geometric data from the three-dimensional model file or the three-dimensional model data file;
recoding the extracted geometric data;
encrypting the byte codes of the recoded geometric data;
writing the geometric data encrypted by the byte codes into a new file;
and carrying out data compression on the new file to generate a file with a new format.
In some embodiments, extracting geometric data from a three-dimensional model file, or a three-dimensional model data file, includes:
and stripping the normal vector and the material information in the three-dimensional model file or the three-dimensional model data file.
In some embodiments, the new file written is a txt format file and the new format file generated is a zip format file.
In some embodiments, importing a new format file into a WebGL framework for scene rendering includes:
decompressing the file with the new format;
decoding the content of the decompressed file;
decrypting the file after the content decoding;
performing data conversion on the decrypted data;
creating a geometry from the converted data;
scene rendering is performed on the geometry.
In some implementations, the data conversion includes: the data is converted into a position array of the geometry in the three-dimensional scene.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a three-dimensional model lightweight rendering apparatus, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a universal format file derived from CAD software or CAE software;
the processing module is used for recoding, encrypting and compressing the universal format file to generate a new format file;
and the rendering module is used for importing the file with the new format into the WebGL framework to render the scene.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic product, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, where the computer program when executed by a processor implements the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method.
In the process of extracting file information, only basic geometric structure information is grabbed, and information such as normal vectors, materials and the like are stripped; when the file is recoded, a binary coding mode is adopted, the file is processed in a compression mode after the file is generated, the size of the model is greatly reduced, and the response speed of scene loading at the web end is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an overall flowchart of a three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of file processing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of file loading provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a three-dimensional model lightweight rendering device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of an electronic product according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present invention by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method in an embodiment of the invention includes:
s11, obtaining a universal format file derived from CAD software or CAE software.
S12, recoding, encrypting and compressing the universal format file to generate a new format file.
S13, importing the file with the new format into a WebGL framework to perform scene rendering.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the files exported by CAD software or CAE software are common format files. This means that the resulting exported file is a file of a format common in the industry, and the exported file is not an unusual file in the industry.
The universal format file includes: a three-dimensional model file, and a three-dimensional model data file. Specifically, the three-dimensional model file is the model file itself. Such documents include: stl, obj, or 3mf format.
The three-dimensional model data file is metadata related to the three-dimensional model. Typically, such files include: inp, or json format file.
After the above-mentioned common format file is obtained by being exported from CAD or CAE software, the common format file is subjected to related processing so as to achieve the weight reduction of the file.
The above-described processing performed for the purpose of weight saving includes: recoding, encrypting and compressing. After the processing, the file volume of the original universal format file is greatly reduced, so that the weight of the model file is reduced.
More specifically, the above-described process includes: and eliminating normal vector data of the three-dimensional model and eliminating redundant information such as textures, materials and the like of the three-dimensional model. It will be appreciated that when these are not necessarily included in the three-dimensional model file anymore, the three-dimensional model file, or the volume of the three-dimensional model data file, will be greatly reduced.
Further, the processing of the universal format file also includes some operations of recoding, encrypting and compressing.
After the above processing, the data volume of the original common format file is greatly reduced.
The above-mentioned several operation steps of recoding, encryption and compression are completed, and the general format file is converted into a new format, and stored in the form of file of new format.
And obtaining a file with a new format, importing the file with the new format into a WebGL framework, and performing scene rendering.
By executing the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the following beneficial effects can be generated:
data encryption: in the data conversion process of the file, recoding and encrypting the content of the file, wherein the newly generated file is a non-standard format file, and data analysis can be performed only through a customized loader, so that encryption of model information is realized.
Model file volume reduction: in the process of extracting file information, only basic geometric structure information is grabbed, and information such as normal vectors, materials and the like are stripped; when the file is recoded, a binary coding mode is adopted, the file is processed in a compression mode after the file is generated, the size of the model is greatly reduced, and the response speed of scene loading at the web end is improved.
Complete processing link: the invention relates to a full link of file export, data interpretation, data encoding, data encryption, data compression, data decompression, data decoding, data decryption, data conversion and model rendering, which has technical completeness and provides a complete solution.
Fig. 2 shows an execution flow of the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method provided by the embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 2, the implementation of the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be roughly divided into two stages: an external processing stage, and a WebGL processing stage.
In the external processing stage, the engineering files are exported and analyzed, and the geometric data are encoded, encrypted and compressed. The engineering file may be exported as an inp, json format three-dimensional model data file, or stl, obj, 3mf format three-dimensional model file. The geometric data is obtained through analyzing the three-dimensional model data file or the three-dimensional model file, and then the file with a new format is obtained through encoding, encrypting and compressing the geometric data.
In the WebGL processing stage, decompressing, decrypting and analyzing the file in the new format to obtain geometric data, and then importing the geometric data into a WebGL frame to perform scene rendering, thereby completing the execution process of the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a flow of file processing provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 3, a file is first opened and a written code reads geometry information of the corresponding file. The coding mode and the content of the universal format file are both disclosed and can be checked, and are not further developed here.
And after the file geometric information is read, recoding is carried out by adopting a binary format. In the process of byte code transcoding, information can be processed (such as bit operation, key encryption and the like) so as to realize information encryption.
Writing the coded content into a text file, and then compressing the file to obtain a target format file. The actual format of the new format file finally obtained is zip format, and the compressed content is binary text file.
The suffix of the new format file can be defined by itself.
Fig. 4 shows a flow of file loading provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, file loading needs to be achieved by writing the loader in front-end engineering. The loader is a code block customized in front-end engineering, and the main functions of the loader are file transmission request, file decompression, file decryption, file transcoding, data conversion and the like.
The file compression adopts a zip compression mode, and decompression can be realized by adopting the same zip decompression mode.
The file content is decoded in a customized way according to the mode adopted when the file is encoded, and binary encoding is adopted in an example, so that the file is decoded into a binary format.
The file decryption object is the transcoded bytecode. The encryption is performed by adopting a byte code bit operation mode. If other encryption modes are adopted, the decryption can be realized by writing the corresponding decoding method in the front-end engineering.
Data conversion refers to converting geometric data into an array of positions of a geometric body in a three-dimensional scene.
The position data is a set of position data in three-dimensional space, and they exist in the form of an array.
An example uses three.js for encoding the WebGL library. Creating a new grid in the scene, setting geometry and materials, and calculating a vector to render a geometric model in the scene.
As shown in fig. 5, the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises an acquisition module, a processing module and a rendering module.
The acquisition module is used for acquiring a universal format file derived from CAD software or CAE software.
The processing module is used for recoding, encrypting and compressing the files with the general formats so as to generate the files with the new formats.
The rendering module is used for importing the file with the new format into the WebGL framework to render the scene.
In some embodiments, the universal format file comprises: a three-dimensional model file, or a three-dimensional model data file;
the three-dimensional model file includes: stl, obj, or 3mf format files;
the three-dimensional model data file includes: inp, or json format file.
In some embodiments, the processing module comprises: an opening unit, an extracting unit, an encoding unit, an encrypting unit, a writing unit, and a generating unit.
The opening unit is used for opening the three-dimensional model file or the three-dimensional model data file.
The extraction unit is used for extracting geometric data from the three-dimensional model file or the three-dimensional model data file.
The encoding unit is used for recoding the extracted geometric data.
The encryption unit is used for encrypting the byte codes of the recoded geometric data.
The writing unit is used for writing the geometric data encrypted by the byte codes into a new file.
The generating unit is used for compressing the data of the new file and generating the file with the new format.
In some embodiments, the extraction unit is specifically configured to:
and stripping the normal vector and the material information in the three-dimensional model file or the three-dimensional model data file.
In some embodiments, the new file written is a txt format file and the new format file generated is a zip format file.
In some implementations, the rendering module includes: decompression unit, decoding unit, decryption unit, conversion unit, creation unit, and rendering unit.
The decompression unit is used for decompressing the file with the new format.
The decoding unit is used for decoding the content of the decompressed file.
The decryption unit is used for decrypting the file after the content is decoded.
The conversion unit is used for performing data conversion on the decrypted data.
The creation unit is used for creating the geometry according to the converted data.
The rendering unit is used for rendering the scene of the geometric body.
In some implementations, the data conversion includes: the data is converted into a position array of the geometry in the three-dimensional scene.
In one embodiment, the invention provides an electronic product, as shown in fig. 6, the electronic device includes at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method.
Where the memory and the processor are connected by a bus, the bus may comprise any number of interconnected buses and bridges, the buses connecting the various circuits of the one or more processors and the memory together. The bus may also interface various other circuits together, such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art. The interface provides an interface, e.g., a communication interface, a user interface, between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver may be one element or may be a plurality of elements, such as a plurality of receivers and transmitters, providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The data processed by the processor is transmitted over the wireless medium via the antenna, which further receives the data and transmits the data to the processor.
The processor is responsible for managing the bus and general processing and may also provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. And memory may be used to store data used by the processor in performing operations.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, where the computer program when executed by a processor implements the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method embodiment.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, all or part of the steps in implementing the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method according to the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by a program, where the program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a device (may be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip or the like) or a processor (processor) to perform all or part of the steps in the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method according to the various embodiments of the present application. The storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a magnetic memory, an optical memory, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, or methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of modules/units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple modules or units may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or modules or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
The modules/units illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as modules/units may or may not be physical modules, i.e., may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules/units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purposes of the embodiments of the present application. For example, functional modules/units in various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module/unit may exist alone physically, or two or more modules/units may be integrated into one module/unit.
Those of ordinary skill would further appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, in computer software, or in a combination of the two, and that the elements and steps of the examples have been generally described in terms of function in the foregoing description to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
The descriptions of the processes or structures corresponding to the drawings have emphasis, and the descriptions of other processes or structures may be referred to for the parts of a certain process or structure that are not described in detail.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present application and their effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the application. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations which may be accomplished by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the disclosure be covered by the claims of this application.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method, comprising:
acquiring a universal format file derived from CAD software or CAE software;
recoding, encrypting and compressing the universal format file to generate a new format file;
and importing the file with the new format into a WebGL framework to perform scene rendering.
2. The three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method of claim 1, wherein the universal format file comprises: a three-dimensional model file, or a three-dimensional model data file;
the three-dimensional model file includes: stl, obj, or 3mf format files;
the three-dimensional model data file includes: inp, or json format file.
3. The three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that recoding, encrypting, compressing is performed for a general format file to generate a new format file, comprising:
opening the three-dimensional model file or the three-dimensional model data file;
extracting geometric data from the three-dimensional model file or the three-dimensional model data file;
recoding the extracted geometric data;
encrypting the byte codes of the recoded geometric data;
writing the geometric data encrypted by the byte codes into a new file;
and carrying out data compression on the new file to generate a file with a new format.
4. A three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method as claimed in claim 3, wherein extracting geometric data from a three-dimensional model file, or a three-dimensional model data file, comprises:
and stripping the normal vector and the material information in the three-dimensional model file or the three-dimensional model data file.
5. The method for lightweight rendering of three-dimensional models according to claim 3, wherein the written new file is a txt format file, and the generated new format file is a zip format file.
6. The three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method according to claim 2, wherein importing a file in a new format into a WebGL frame for scene rendering, comprises:
decompressing the file with the new format;
decoding the content of the decompressed file;
decrypting the file after the content decoding;
performing data conversion on the decrypted data;
creating a geometry from the converted data;
scene rendering is performed on the geometry.
7. The three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method of claim 6, wherein the data transformation comprises: the data is converted into a position array of the geometry in the three-dimensional scene.
8. A three-dimensional model lightweight rendering device, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a universal format file derived from CAD software or CAE software;
the processing module is used for recoding, encrypting and compressing the universal format file to generate a new format file;
and the rendering module is used for importing the file with the new format into the WebGL framework to render the scene.
9. An electronic product, comprising:
at least one processor; the method comprises the steps of,
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein,
the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements the three-dimensional model lightweight rendering method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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