CN117656806A - Electric drive system and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an electric drive system and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicles. The electric drive system comprises a first half shaft, a second half shaft and two motors, wherein the first half shaft is provided with a first axis, the second half shaft is provided with a second axis, the first axis and the second axis are all collinear with a datum line, the datum line extends along the axis direction of the electric drive system, the two motors are respectively located on two sides of the datum line, and the two motors are respectively connected with the first half shaft and the second half shaft. Therefore, the two motors are respectively positioned at two sides of the first axis, the space occupied by the two motors in the axial direction of the electric drive system can be the same, the size of the electric drive system in the axial direction is reduced, the electric drive system can be suitable for vehicle types with smaller sizes in the axial direction, and the application scene of the electric drive system is widened.

Description

Electric drive system and vehicle

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to an electric drive system and a vehicle.

Background

Automotive electrodynamic technology has become one of the important development trends in the automotive industry, and the electric drive system is used as a core module, so that the achievement of the relevant performance of the whole automobile is crucial. Along with the continuous improvement of the dynamic requirements, the dual-motor vector electric drive system is gradually applied to new energy vehicles, the vector electric drive system is strong in power, the torque and the rotating speed of wheels on two sides are completely decoupled, and the operability of the whole vehicle is improved. However, in the existing dual-motor vector electric driving system, two motors are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the vehicle, so that the dual-motor vector electric driving system is large in size in the axial direction and cannot be suitable for vehicle types with small sizes in the axial direction, and the application scene is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the application provides an electric drive system and vehicle to solve current bi-motor vector electric drive system and be big in the size of axial, can't be applicable to the less motorcycle type of size in the axis direction, the application scene is limited.

According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided an electric drive system including a first half shaft having a first axis, a second half shaft having a second axis, the first axis and the second axis each being collinear with a reference line extending in an axial direction of the electric drive system, two of the electric motors being located on either side of the reference line, respectively, and two of the electric motors being connected with the first half shaft and the second half shaft, respectively.

Preferably, the electric drive system further comprises two reduction assemblies, and the two motors are respectively connected with the first half shaft and the second half shaft through the two reduction assemblies.

Preferably, the speed reducing assembly comprises a primary speed reducing mechanism and a secondary speed reducing mechanism which are in transmission connection, the motor comprises a rotor, the primary speed reducing mechanism is connected with the rotor, and the two secondary speed reducing mechanisms included in the two speed reducing assemblies are respectively connected with the first half shaft and the second half shaft.

Preferably, the primary reduction mechanism comprises a sun gear, a planet gear, a gear ring, a planet gear shaft and a planet carrier;

the motor comprises a shell, the rotor is arranged in the shell, the sun gear is connected with the rotor, the gear ring is fixed on the inner side wall of the shell, the planet gears are meshed with the gear ring and the sun gear respectively, the planet gear shafts are arranged on the planet gears in a penetrating mode, the planet gear shafts are fixed on the planet carrier, and the planet carrier is used for being connected with a secondary speed reducing mechanism.

Preferably, the two-stage reduction mechanism includes a first gear and a second gear, the first gear is meshed with the second gear, the first gear is connected with the planet carrier, and two second gears included in the two-stage reduction mechanism are respectively connected with the first half shaft and the second half shaft.

Preferably, the electric drive system further includes a first tooth sleeve and a second tooth sleeve, the first tooth sleeve is connected with the first half shaft, the second tooth sleeve is connected with the second half shaft, a first engaging tooth is arranged on an end face of the first tooth sleeve facing the second tooth sleeve, a second engaging tooth is arranged on an end face of the second tooth sleeve facing the first tooth sleeve, and at least one of the first tooth sleeve and the second tooth sleeve can move along the datum line so as to enable the first engaging tooth to be engaged with or separated from the second engaging tooth.

Preferably, the electric driving system further comprises a shifting fork and an executing motor, one end of the shifting fork is connected with the executing motor, and the other end of the shifting fork is connected with the first tooth sleeve or the second tooth sleeve so as to drive the first tooth sleeve or the second tooth sleeve to move.

Preferably, the electric driving system further comprises a shifting head and a fork shaft, wherein the shifting head is fixed on an output shaft of the execution motor so that the output shaft can drive the shifting head to move, and the axis of the output shaft is perpendicular to the datum line;

the fork shaft is fixed in the shell, the fork shaft is in clearance fit with the shifting fork, one end of the shifting fork is connected with the shifting head, and the other end of the shifting fork is connected with the first tooth sleeve.

Preferably, the end part of the shifting fork is provided with a fork groove, at least part of the shifting head is arranged in the fork groove, the middle part of the shifting fork is provided with a connecting hole, the fork shaft penetrates through the connecting hole, the first tooth sleeve is provided with a placement groove, and the fork angle of the shifting fork is arranged in the placement groove.

According to another aspect of the present application there is provided a vehicle comprising an electric drive system as described above.

In the electric drive system that this application provided, electric drive system includes first semi-axis, second semi-axis and two motors, and first semi-axis and second semi-axis are connected, and first semi-axis has first axis, and the second semi-axis has the second axis, and first axis and second axis all are collinearly with the datum line, the datum line is followed electric drive system's axis direction extends, and two motors are located the both sides of first axis respectively, and two motor centrosymmetries, two motors are connected with first semi-axis and second semi-axis respectively. Therefore, the two motors are respectively positioned at two sides of the datum line, the space occupied by the two motors in the axial direction of the electric drive system can be the same, the size of the electric drive system in the axial direction is reduced, the electric drive system can be suitable for vehicle types with smaller sizes in the axial direction, and the application scene of the electric drive system is widened.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an electric drive system of a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 shows a relative position diagram of the stators of the two motors and the second gear in the electric drive system of the first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of an electric drive system of a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 shows a relative position diagram of the stators of the two motors and the second gear in the electric drive system of the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows a relative position diagram of a first tooth sleeve and a second tooth sleeve;

FIG. 7 shows a schematic power transfer diagram of the electric drive system of the second embodiment in a normal operating condition;

FIG. 8 illustrates a power transfer schematic of the electric drive system of the second embodiment in an off-road condition;

fig. 9 shows a power transmission schematic of the electric drive system of the second embodiment when one motor fails.

Icon: 01-end cap; 02-a housing; 11-a stator; 12-rotor; 13-a first bearing; 21-a gear ring; 22-planet wheels; 23-a first snap ring; 24-a gasket; 25-pins; 26-needle bearings; 27-a planet carrier; 28-planetary gear shafts; 31-sun gear; 32-a second snap ring; 33-sixth bearings; 34-a first gear; 35-a third snap ring; 36-a second bearing; 37-a third bearing; 38-fourth bearings; 41-a second gear; 42-fifth bearings; 51-a first half shaft; 52-a second half shaft; 53-first tooth sleeve; 531-first teeth; 54-second tooth sleeve; 541-a second meshing tooth; 55-shifting fork; 56-fourth snap ring; 57-bushings; 58-fork shaft; 61-an actuator motor; 62-shifting head; 71-oil seal;

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is provided to assist the reader in obtaining a thorough understanding of the methods, apparatus, and/or systems described herein. However, various changes, modifications, and equivalents of the methods, apparatuses, and/or systems described herein will be apparent after an understanding of the present disclosure. For example, the order of operations described herein is merely an example, and is not limited to the order set forth herein, but rather, obvious variations may be made upon an understanding of the present disclosure, other than operations that must occur in a specific order. In addition, descriptions of features known in the art may be omitted for the sake of clarity and conciseness.

The features described herein may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples described herein. Rather, the examples described herein have been provided solely to illustrate some of the many possible ways of implementing the methods, devices, and/or systems described herein that will be apparent after a review of the disclosure of the present application.

In the entire specification, when an element (such as a layer, region or substrate) is described as being "on", "connected to", "bonded to", "over" or "covering" another element, it may be directly "on", "connected to", "bonded to", "over" or "covering" another element or there may be one or more other elements interposed therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," directly connected to, "or" directly coupled to, "another element, directly on," or "directly covering" the other element, there may be no other element intervening therebetween.

As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any one of the listed items of interest and any combination of any two or more.

Although terms such as "first," "second," and "third" may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers or sections should not be limited by these terms. Rather, these terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first member, component, region, layer or section discussed in examples described herein could also be termed a second member, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the examples.

For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above … …," "upper," "below … …," and "lower" may be used herein to describe one element's relationship to another element as illustrated in the figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "upper" relative to another element would then be oriented "below" or "lower" relative to the other element. Thus, the term "above … …" includes both orientations "above … …" and "below … …" depending on the spatial orientation of the device. The device may also be otherwise positioned (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing various examples only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. Singular forms also are intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having" are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, operations, elements, and/or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, operations, elements, and/or groups thereof.

Variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Accordingly, the examples described herein are not limited to the particular shapes shown in the drawings, but include changes in shapes that occur during manufacture.

The features of the examples described herein may be combined in various ways that will be apparent after an understanding of the disclosure of the present application. Further, while the examples described herein have a variety of configurations, other configurations are possible as will be apparent after an understanding of the present disclosure.

According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided an electric drive system including a first half shaft 51, a second half shaft 52, and two motors, the first half shaft 51 having a first axis, the second half shaft 52 having a second axis, the first axis and the second axis each being collinear with a reference line extending in an axial direction of the electric drive system, the two motors being located on both sides of the reference line, respectively, the two motors being connected to the first half shaft and the second half shaft, respectively. Therefore, the two motors are respectively positioned at two sides of the datum line, the space occupied by the two motors in the axial direction of the electric drive system can be the same, the size of the electric drive system in the axial direction is reduced, the electric drive system can be suitable for vehicle types with smaller sizes in the axial direction, and the application scene of the electric drive system is widened.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the electric drive system of the present application includes a housing 02 and an end cover 01, the end cover 01 and the housing 02 are connected by bolts, the motor includes a stator 11 and a rotor 12, the stator 11 is fixed in the housing 02 and is assembled with the housing 02 in an interference manner, and a shoulder is provided in the housing 02, so that the stator 11 can be limited. The rotor 12 is supported in the housing 02 and the end cover 01 by the first bearing 13, and the first bearing 13 is limited by bearing hole shoulders on the housing 02 and the end cover 01, respectively.

Further, the electric drive system further includes two reduction assemblies, and the two motors are respectively connected with the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52 through the two reduction assemblies, so that power output by the two motors is respectively transmitted to the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52 through the two reduction assemblies, and then transmitted to wheels connected with the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52.

Optionally, the speed reduction assembly includes a primary speed reduction mechanism and a secondary speed reduction mechanism in driving connection, the primary speed reduction mechanism is connected with the rotor, and two secondary speed reduction mechanisms included in the two speed reduction assemblies are respectively connected with the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the primary reduction mechanism includes a sun gear 31, a planetary gear 22, a ring gear 21, a planetary gear shaft 28, and a carrier 27; the sun gear 31 is connected with the rotor 12 through a spline, the sun gear 31 is fixed on the rotor 12 through a second clamping ring 32 and a first bearing 13, and the sun gear 31 is meshed with the planet gears 22. The ring gear 21 is spline-connected to the housing 02, and the ring gear 21 is fixed to the inner side wall of the housing 02 by a first snap ring 23, the ring gear 21 being meshed with the planet gears 22. The planet gears 22 are supported on the planet gear shafts 28 by needle bearings 26, and the planet gears 22 are freely rotatable relative to the planet gear shafts 28.

Optionally, shims 24 are respectively disposed on two sides of the planet 22, and the shims 24 can reduce friction between the planet 22 and the planet carrier 27.

Further, the pinion shaft 28 is fixed in a hole on the carrier 27 by the pin 25, thereby achieving relative fixation of the pinion shaft 28 and the carrier 27. The carrier 27 is supported in the end cover 01 and the housing 02 by the second bearing 36 and the fourth bearing 38 so that the carrier 27 can freely rotate. The third bearing 37 is located between the carrier 27 and the housing 02, and can restrict axial movement of the carrier 27. A sixth bearing 33 is located in the planet carrier 27, the sixth bearing 33 being for supporting the rotor 12. The planet carrier 27 is adapted to be connected to the secondary reduction mechanism so as to transfer power from the primary reduction mechanism to the secondary reduction mechanism.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the secondary reduction mechanism includes a first gear 34 and a second gear 41, the first gear 34 is connected with the carrier 27 by a spline, and the first gear 34 is fixed on the carrier 27 by a third snap ring 35, and the first gear 34 can rotate at the same speed as the carrier 27. The second gear 41 is supported in the end cover 01 and the shell 02 through the fifth bearing 42, and is limited through a bearing hole shoulder on the inner side wall of the shell 02, the first gear 34 is meshed with the second gear 41, and the two second gears 41 are respectively connected with the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52 through splines, so that power is transmitted from the secondary reduction mechanism to the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52. In this way, the power of the primary reduction mechanism is input by the sun gear 31, the first stage is input by the sun gear 31, the carrier 27 outputs, the power of the secondary reduction mechanism is input through the first gear 34, the second gear 41 outputs, and finally, the power is transmitted to the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52. The double motors are arranged in parallel, so that the space occupied by the electric drive system in the axial direction is shortened, the primary speed reduction mechanism is compact in structure and small in axial distance, and the double motors can be integrated between the motors and the secondary speed reduction mechanism, so that the space occupied by the speed reduction assembly in the axial direction is reduced.

In addition, an oil seal 71 is provided between the first and second half shafts 51 and 52 and the end cover 01 to ensure sealability between the first and second half shafts 51 and 52 and the end cover 01.

In the first embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a structure for locking the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52 may not be provided between the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52, and in the second embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 4, a locking structure may be provided between the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52 to achieve the relative fixation of the first half shaft 51 and the second half shaft 52.

Specifically, in the second embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, the electric drive system further includes a first tooth sleeve 53 and a second tooth sleeve 54, the first tooth sleeve 53 is connected to the first half shaft 51 by a spline and is restrained by a shoulder inside the housing 02. The second gear sleeve 54 is connected with the second half shaft 52 through a spline, the second gear sleeve 54 is fixed through a fourth snap ring 56, a bushing 57 is arranged between the second gear sleeve 54 and the second gear 41, and the bushing 57 can limit the axial position of the second gear sleeve 54. The first tooth sleeve 53 has a first engaging tooth 531 on an end face thereof facing the second tooth sleeve 54, and the second tooth sleeve 54 has a second engaging tooth 541 on an end face thereof facing the first tooth sleeve 53, at least one of the first tooth sleeve 53 and the second tooth sleeve 54 being movable in the axial direction to engage or disengage the first engaging tooth 531 with or from the second engaging tooth 541. When the first and second half shafts 51 and 52 are rotated synchronously while the first and second engagement teeth 531 and 541 are engaged, the first and second half shafts 51 and 52 can be rotated at different rotational speeds, respectively, while the first and second engagement teeth 531 and 541 are separated.

Further, the first and second meshing teeth 531 and 541 are located on the first and second gear housing 53 and 54, respectively, without increasing the space occupied by the electric drive system in the axial direction.

In the second embodiment, the electric drive system further includes a shift fork 55 and an actuating motor 61, the actuating motor 61 is fixed in the housing 02 by a bolt, one end of the shift fork 55 is connected to the actuating motor 61, and the other end of the shift fork 55 is connected to the first gear sleeve 53 or the second gear sleeve 54 to drive the first gear sleeve 53 or the second gear sleeve 54 to move in the axial direction, thereby achieving engagement or disengagement of the first engagement teeth 531 with the second engagement teeth 541.

As shown in fig. 5, the electric drive system further includes a shift head 62 and a fork shaft 58, where the shift head 62 is fixed to an output shaft of the actuator motor 61, so that the output shaft of the actuator motor 61 can drive the shift head 62, and an axis of the output shaft is perpendicular to the reference line. A fork shaft 58 is fixed inside the housing 02, and the fork shaft 58 is clearance-fitted with the fork 55 so that the fork 55 can move relative to the fork shaft 58. One end of the shifting fork 55 is connected with the shifting head 62, the other end of the shifting fork 55 is connected with the first tooth sleeve 53, and the shifting fork 55 can be driven to move along the axial direction through the rotation of the shifting head 62, so that the first tooth sleeve 53 is driven to move along the axial direction, and the engagement or the separation of the first engagement tooth 531 and the second engagement tooth 541 is realized.

Alternatively, the shift head 62 and the fork shaft 58 may be connected to the second gear sleeve 54, and the engagement or disengagement of the first engagement teeth 531 and the second engagement teeth 541 may be achieved by driving the second gear sleeve to move.

In addition, as shown in fig. 5, an end of the fork 55 has a fork groove, at least a portion of the fork head 62 is disposed in the fork groove, a connection hole is opened in the middle of the fork 55, and the fork shaft 58 passes through the connection hole so that the fork 55 can move relative to the fork shaft 58. The first gear housing 53 has a seating groove in which a fork angle of the fork 55 is disposed. In this way, the actuating motor 61 can drive the shifting head 62 to rotate, and then drive the shifting fork 55 to realize axial movement, so as to drive the first tooth sleeve 53 to move along the axial direction.

When the electric drive system of the second embodiment of the present application is in a normal running condition, as shown in fig. 7, the first engagement teeth 531 on the first gear sleeve 53 do not engage with the second engagement teeth 541 on the second gear sleeve 54. The upper motor rotor 12 transmits power to the sun gear 31, so that the sun gear 31 can transmit power to the pinion shaft 28 through the pinion 22 due to the fixed connection of the ring gear 21 with the housing 02. The planet shaft 28 rotates the planet carrier 27, and the planet carrier 27 can transmit power to the first gear 34. The first gear 34 is engaged with the second gear 41, and transmits power to the second gear 41. The second gear 41 transfers power to the first half shaft 51 through splines, and the first half shaft 51 transfers power to one side wheel. The lower motor transmits power to the second axle shaft 52 through a similar transmission path and finally transmits power to the other wheel through the second axle shaft 52. Through the power transmission route, the two motors are used for respectively controlling the wheels at the two sides, the rotating speeds and the output torques of the wheels at the two sides are completely decoupled, and the rotating speeds and the output torques of the wheels at the two sides can be adjusted according to different road conditions and driving requirements. When turning, the rotation speeds of the inner wheel and the outer wheel are different, and the motor corresponding to the inner wheel can reduce the rotation speed based on the vehicle speed requirement, so that the inner wheel and the outer wheel are ensured to have no relative sliding with the ground. And the wheel and the ground can generate enough lateral acceleration by increasing the output torque of the motor corresponding to the wheel at the outer side, so that stable overbending is realized. When the friction coefficients of the wheels at the two sides and the ground are different, the wheel slip can be avoided by adjusting the torque of the motor at one side.

When the electric drive system in the second embodiment of the present application is in the off-road running condition, as shown in fig. 8, the execution motor 61 is started to drive the shift head 62 to rotate, the shift head 62 pushes the first tooth sleeve 53 to axially move, the first engaging tooth 531 on the first tooth sleeve 53 is engaged with the second engaging tooth 541 on the second tooth sleeve 54, and the rotational speed of the first half shaft 51 is the same as that of the second half shaft 52. At the moment, the torque of the motor at one side can be distributed to the wheels at two sides according to the requirement, and the torque of the wheels at two sides can be automatically distributed based on the road adhesion coefficient, so that the difficulty in controlling the motors at two sides is reduced. When one side wheel is suspended or the wheel on one side of the split pavement is unpowered, the power of the motors on the two sides is summarized and output by the half shaft on the other side. At this time, the two motors do not need to be regulated and controlled independently, and the total output power is larger than that of single-side output, so that the off-road performance can be improved.

As shown in fig. 9, in the case where one motor in the electric drive system of the second embodiment fails, the motor cannot output power, and if the power output from the two wheels is different, the vehicle is liable to deviate from the normal running track. At this time, the first engagement teeth 531 on the first gear sleeve 53 may be controlled to engage with the second engagement teeth 541 on the second gear sleeve 54, and the power output from the motor that is not failed at this time may be transmitted to the half shaft connected to the motor that is failed through the first gear sleeve 53 and the second gear sleeve 54, and the wheels on both sides may be driven by the motor that is not failed, so as to prevent the vehicle from deviating from the normal form of track.

According to another aspect of the present application, a vehicle is provided, which includes the electric drive system described above, and the technical effects of the electric drive system are the same as those of the electric drive system described above, and are not repeated herein.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. An electric drive system comprising a first axle shaft having a first axis, a second axle shaft having a second axis, the first axis and the second axis being collinear with a datum line extending along an axial direction of the electric drive system, two of the electric machines located on opposite sides of the datum line, and two of the electric machines connected to the first axle shaft and the second axle shaft, respectively.

2. The electric drive system of claim 1 further comprising two reduction assemblies, the two motors being connected to the first half shaft and the second half shaft by the two reduction assemblies, respectively.

3. The electric drive system of claim 2, wherein the reduction assembly includes a primary reduction mechanism and a secondary reduction mechanism in driving connection, the motor includes a rotor, the primary reduction mechanism is connected to the rotor, and two secondary reduction mechanisms included in two reduction assemblies are connected to the first half shaft and the second half shaft, respectively.

4. An electric drive system according to claim 3, wherein the primary reduction mechanism comprises a sun gear, a planet gear, a ring gear, a planet pin and a planet carrier;

the motor comprises a shell, the rotor is arranged in the shell, the sun gear is connected with the rotor, the gear ring is fixed on the inner side wall of the shell, the planet gears are meshed with the gear ring and the sun gear respectively, the planet gear shafts are arranged on the planet gears in a penetrating mode, the planet gear shafts are fixed on the planet carrier, and the planet carrier is used for being connected with a secondary speed reducing mechanism.

5. The electric drive system of claim 4 wherein said secondary reduction mechanism includes a first gear and a second gear, said first gear being in mesh with said second gear, said first gear being coupled to said planet carrier, and two of said second gears included in two of said secondary reduction mechanisms being coupled to said first half shaft and said second half shaft, respectively.

6. The electric drive system of claim 4 or 5 further comprising a first tooth sleeve and a second tooth sleeve, the first tooth sleeve being connected to the first axle half and the second tooth sleeve being connected to the second axle half, the first tooth sleeve having a first engagement tooth on an end face thereof facing the second tooth sleeve, the second tooth sleeve having a second engagement tooth on an end face thereof facing the first tooth sleeve, at least one of the first tooth sleeve and the second tooth sleeve being movable in the axial direction to engage or disengage the first engagement tooth with the second engagement tooth.

7. The electric drive system of claim 6, further comprising a fork and an actuator motor, one end of the fork being coupled to the actuator motor and the other end of the fork being coupled to the first or second gear sleeve to drive movement of the first or second gear sleeve.

8. The electric drive system of claim 7 further comprising a shift head and a fork shaft, the shift head being secured to an output shaft of the actuator motor such that the output shaft is capable of moving the shift head, an axis of the output shaft being perpendicular to the reference line;

the fork shaft is fixed in the shell, the fork shaft is in clearance fit with the shifting fork, one end of the shifting fork is connected with the shifting head, and the other end of the shifting fork is connected with the first tooth sleeve.

9. The electric drive system of claim 8, wherein an end of the fork has a fork slot, at least a portion of the fork head is disposed in the fork slot, a connecting hole is provided in a middle of the fork, the fork shaft passes through the connecting hole, the first tooth sleeve has a seating slot, and a fork angle of the fork is disposed in the seating slot.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that it comprises an electric drive system according to any one of claims 1-9.