CN117656523A - Manufacturing process of V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle - Google Patents

Manufacturing process of V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117656523A
CN117656523A CN202410088013.2A CN202410088013A CN117656523A CN 117656523 A CN117656523 A CN 117656523A CN 202410088013 A CN202410088013 A CN 202410088013A CN 117656523 A CN117656523 A CN 117656523A
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China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen storage
storage bottle
insert
winding
composite material
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CN202410088013.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨卫民
王修磊
谢鹏程
李建祯
丁玉梅
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Priority to CN202410088013.2A priority Critical patent/CN117656523A/en
Publication of CN117656523A publication Critical patent/CN117656523A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/32Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/44Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
    • B29C33/52Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles soluble or fusible
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C37/006Degassing moulding material or draining off gas during moulding
    • B29C37/0064Degassing moulding material or draining off gas during moulding of reinforced material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B29C70/342Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/681Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7154Barrels, drums, tuns, vats
    • B29L2031/7156Pressure vessels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a manufacturing process of a V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle, which is characterized in that a fusible inner container wound by carbon fibers is manufactured by using low-temperature alloy, and after the carbon fiber composite material is wound and solidified, the fusible inner container is melted in a higher-temperature environment and taken out, so that the problem that a rigid winding attachment structure does not exist during carbon fiber winding is solved. Aiming at the problem that the carbon fiber composite material is easy to generate pores when being solidified to cause the reduction of barrier property, a soft material auxiliary pressurizing and solidifying method and a layer of flexible barrier film is sleeved outside the fusible inner container and the metal insert structure are provided, and the density and/or the gas barrier property of the carbon fiber composite material are improved. Several insert structures capable of preventing carbon fiber composite materials from being separated from metal are designed aiming at the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage service condition of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle, and related improved winding and curing methods are provided in a targeted manner. Compared with other types of hydrogen storage bottle forming equipment, the forming equipment used by the invention does not need larger change, and can save the cost of transformation production of enterprises.

Description

Manufacturing process of V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nonmetal composite material forming and special equipment forming, in particular to a winding forming process of a hollow container fiber composite material represented by a V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle.
Background
The hydrogen storage bottle is an important tie for connecting the hydrogen energy industry chain, and the efficient hydrogen storage bottle is an important factor for promoting the development of the hydrogen energy industry chain. At present, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage are two hydrogen storage modes with higher hydrogen storage density, and particularly, the technology of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is the most mature. However, the metal high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage bottle has the defects of large quality and low hydrogen storage density. The prior front IV-shaped hydrogen storage bottle adopts a carbon fiber fully-wound pressure bearing layer, so that the structural weight can be reduced by 20-40% compared with the prior IV-shaped hydrogen storage bottle adopting metal pressure bearing; in addition, the plastic liner is used for replacing the metal liner to be used as a component for preventing hydrogen leakage, so that the weight of the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage bottle is further reduced, and the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage bottle has higher hydrogen storage density in the service process. As a product with higher hydrogen storage density, the carbon fiber full-winding hydrogen storage bottle (V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle) without the liner solves the problem of higher hydrogen permeation of the carbon fiber composite material, and the plastic liner is abandoned, so that the hydrogen storage density is further increased. However, only us Infinite Composites Technologies (ICT) has reported success in manufacturing different types of v-type hydrogen storage bottles for NASA aerospace products.
The manufacturing difficulties of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle include: firstly, the liner is not used as an attaching structure for winding carbon fibers, and the carbon fibers are difficult to tightly wind into an ideal shape (a continuous, abrupt-change-free hollow container with a large mouth and belly), so that higher performance exertion rate and light weight are realized. Secondly, in the common process, after the carbon fiber is wound and cured, more pores (accounting for about 4-10 percent of the total volume of the composite material and even higher) are generated in the composite material due to a plurality of reasons such as resin curing shrinkage, fiber lap joint and the like, so that the gas barrier property of the composite material is low. Thirdly, the problem of connection between the metal insert and the carbon fiber composite material is solved. The carbon fiber composite material is formed by winding, so that the composite material and the metal insert are tightly connected by forming internal structures like high polymer material injection, blow molding, rotational molding and other processes; in addition, the main strength direction of the carbon fiber composite material is the axial direction of the carbon fiber tows, and the shearing resistance of the carbon fiber composite material is weak; further, the hydrogen storage bottle undergoes about 0.5% of unrecoverable deformation after pressure bearing, especially under high pressure (35 MPa or more), which results in a large gap in the conventional metal-clad connection and leakage. Therefore, the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle can be manufactured smoothly only by solving the related problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention firstly provides a manufacturing process of a V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle. The fusible inner container wound by carbon fiber is manufactured by using low-temperature alloy, and after the carbon fiber composite material is wound and solidified, the fusible inner container is melted in a higher-temperature environment and taken out, so that the problem that a rigid winding attachment structure does not exist during carbon fiber winding is solved. And several insert structures capable of preventing carbon fiber composite materials from being separated from metal are designed according to the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage service condition of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle, and related improved winding and curing methods are provided in a targeted manner. In addition, in order to solve the problem that the carbon fiber composite material is likely to generate pores during curing and thus lower barrier property, a method (resin transfer molding) of assisting in pressurizing and curing by using a soft material (film, elastomer, etc.) is proposed to improve the density and gas barrier property of the carbon fiber composite material. Furthermore, compared with other types of hydrogen storage bottle forming equipment, the forming equipment used in the invention does not need larger change, and the cost of transformation production of enterprises can be saved.
The invention relates to a basic process flow of a V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, designing a required fusible inner container structure according to the inner cavity structure of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle, and manufacturing a fusible inner container forming die capable of being heated by rotational molding.
And secondly, manufacturing the fusible inner container for winding the carbon fiber composite material by a rotational molding method. The low-temperature alloy is put into a fusible liner forming mold, the mold is heated to about 20-30 ℃ above the melting point of the low-temperature alloy to enable the low-temperature alloy to be fully fused, then the mold is rotated in a biaxial mode, the temperature of the mold is controlled to be slightly lower than the melting point of the low-temperature alloy, and the fused low-temperature alloy can be adhered to the inner wall surface of the mold and cooled to form the fusible liner.
And thirdly, processing threads which can be connected with a winding machine or installing a metal insert structure at two ends of the fusible inner container, and installing the low-temperature alloy inner container on the winding machine. And winding the hydrogen storage bottle according to the designed carbon fiber composite material winding relation.
And fourthly, sleeving soft materials (plastic or elastomer films) outside the uncured hydrogen storage bottle after winding is completed, and tightly binding two ends of the soft materials and forming a seal with the low-temperature alloy liner. The residual gas in the composite was then pumped using a vacuum pump.
And fifthly, placing the treated hydrogen storage bottle into a curing furnace for curing, wherein the curing temperature is at least 20-30 ℃ lower than the melting point of the low-temperature alloy, and optionally filling inert gas of 0.1-1 MPa into the curing furnace during curing. And removing the soft material after the curing is completed.
And sixthly, after the composite material is completely solidified, clamping the hydrogen storage bottle by using a mechanical arm, moving the hydrogen storage bottle into a high-temperature furnace, setting the furnace temperature to be 5-20 ℃ higher than the melting point of the low-temperature alloy, melting the low-temperature alloy, moving the molten liquid of the low-temperature alloy out of the hydrogen storage bottle from the position of the opening insert, and recycling the low-temperature alloy.
And seventh, injecting a certain amount of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin reaction liquid into the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle, and continuously rotating the hydrogen storage bottle around the double shafts by using a mechanical arm to ensure that the reaction liquid is uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the fiber composite material. The hydrogen storage bottle is filled with dry inert gas with a certain pressure, so that the reaction liquid further enters the gap of the composite material. The reaction solution is then cured by increasing the temperature to the curing temperature.
And eighth step, slowly cooling the hydrogen storage bottle, preventing the interface of the metal insert and the fiber composite material from generating larger internal stress, and completing the manufacturing of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle. As a basic process alternative, in the third, fourth and fifth steps of the manufacturing process of the v-shaped hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention, a carbon fiber composite material layer of several millimeters is first wound and cured according to the specific size of the hydrogen storage bottle, so that the inner layer of the hydrogen storage bottle has a certain rigidity, and can independently bear the subsequent work as a winding attachment structure. And removing the low-temperature alloy liner according to the sixth step process. And then continuing winding the rest carbon fiber composite material layer and completing the curing work according to the processes of the fourth step and the fifth step to form the final hydrogen storage bottle.
As an alternative to the basic process, the seventh step of the present invention may be omitted. Preferably, the reaction liquid in the seventh step of the present invention contains a composite sheet-like inorganic material, such as graphene, montmorillonite, hydrotalcite, or the like.
In the components of the composite material, the binder of the carbon fiber can be selected from thermosetting resin cured at low temperature represented by epoxy resin, and thermoplastic materials such as nylon which have good hydrogen compatibility and can be formed by low-temperature reaction. By way of example, when a reaction-molded nylon resin is selected as the binder for the carbon fibers, the work of winding the fiber composite and curing the composite should be performed in a dry, oxygen-free environment.
The fiber composite material for winding can be a composite material prepreg tape, or can be formed by winding after fiber is immersed in resin in real time, or can be wound by a dry method or a wet method. Preferably, wet winding should be used.
The low-temperature alloy is an alloy material with a lower melting point, and the melting point of the selected low-temperature alloy is at least 20-30 ℃ higher than the solidification temperature of the corresponding resin; meanwhile, low-temperature alloy with too high melting point is not recommended to be used, so that the production and manufacturing energy consumption is high, and the structural performance of the composite material can be damaged when the low-temperature alloy liner is removed. For example, when nylon and carbon fiber are used to make up the fibrous composite, exceeding the softening point of nylon may cause the composite to suffer from loose threads. As optimization, it is recommended to select lead-free low-temperature alloy to prevent environmental pollution.
Alternatively, the low-temperature alloy fusible inner container of the invention can be manufactured into a whole by rotational molding, and a plurality of parts can be manufactured by using methods such as mould pressing, sand casting and the like and combined into the carbon fiber wound fusible inner container.
Alternatively, the fusible inner container of the present invention may be manufactured into a high-temperature water-soluble thermosetting inner container by coating and drying using a PVA aqueous solution or the like. In the second step of the basic process, PVA water solution is thrown into mold and the mold is heated and dried to produce the inner container. In the sixth step of the basic process, hot water with the temperature of more than 90 ℃ is circularly added into the hydrogen storage bottle, so that the liner is dissolved and a V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle is formed.
In the third step of the basic process, the two ends of the fusible inner container are processed into threads which can be connected with the tooling of a winding machine or are provided with metal insert structures, and the low-temperature alloy inner container is arranged on the winding machine; and then, coating a layer of flexible barrier film on the fusible inner container and the metal insert structure, and winding the hydrogen storage bottle according to the designed carbon fiber composite material winding relationship, wherein the final product has an innermost layer of flexible barrier film, so that excellent barrier performance is obtained.
Preferably, in the fourth step of the basic process, a certain amount of resin can be added into the composite material before vacuumizing, so that the situation that a plurality of pores still exist in the composite material due to a bridging structure after vacuumizing is prevented, and the compactness of the composite material is improved.
The metal inserts of the invention can be inserts with other conventional structures, and do not interfere with the implementation of the manufacturing process of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle. But two available insert structure schemes are designed according to the service conditions of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle for high-pressure gas hydrogen storage as the optimization. The structural scheme is mainly used for explaining characteristic points of the insert detail structural design and the generated optimization scheme of the corresponding winding process, and the scheme is still within the protection scope of the invention when the scheme of the invention is used in a deleting combination or a complete combination.
The first insert structural scheme:
the first insert structure scheme of the invention comprises a conical inner insert and an outer insert. The conical embedded piece is of a split structure, the inner surface of the conical embedded piece is of a conical structure, and the diameter of the inner side of the gas cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the outer side of the gas cylinder. The structure can compress the composite material, so that the sealing performance is improved; and simultaneously, the composite material of the hydrogen storage bottle is prevented from being axially separated from the insert under the high-pressure service condition. The inner surface of the outer insert is in uniform transition with the inner surface of the conical inner insert, so that stress concentration of the composite material at the transition place of the metal insert is prevented. In addition, the inner insert and the outer insert are connected through the polygon, so that the inner insert and the outer insert are prevented from rotating relatively, and the inner insert and the outer insert can move axially. The edge of the outer insert web is of a groove structure, and is mainly used for improving the connection area of the composite material and the metal insert and preventing the composite material and the insert web from generating axial relative displacement. The bottleneck of the outer insert is also provided with a backstop structure for preventing the composite material and the insert from axially and relatively displacing. The polygonal rotation stopping structure is arranged beside the back stopping structure to prevent the carbon fiber composite material and the insert from rotating relatively.
The method for installing the insert and the method for optimizing the winding of the fiber composite material in the first scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
in the third step of the basic process flow of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process, a tool for fixing the fusible inner container by a winding machine is sleeved with a push plate and an outer insert. And then, after the carbon fiber winding liner is installed, firstly winding carbon fibers with the thickness of a plurality of millimeters on the fusible liner, and winding enough composite materials at the bottle opening position according to the inner surface structure of the insert. After winding, the inner insert is used for clamping the fiber composite material of the bottle mouth, the outer insert is sleeved on the inner insert, and the outer insert is pressed and fixed in the axial direction by the push plate. The push plate is in threaded connection with the fusible liner fixing tool. After the inserts are secured, the composite material is continuously wound and the curing and the manufacturing of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle are completed according to the subsequent steps of the basic process.
Preferably, in the process of winding enough composite materials according to the inner surface structure of the insert, the bottleneck is wound by a small-angle winding method in the winding process, so that the axial tensile property of the bottleneck composite material is improved.
Preferably, on the basis of using the small-angle winding, after each single-layer winding is completed, an axial fiber composite material is paved at the transition position of the bottle mouth and the sealing head, so that the axial tensile property of the bottle mouth and the transition position of the bottle mouth and the sealing head is further improved.
In this scheme, after the installation stopper, can make the sealing washer direct with the composite material contact, improve sealed effect.
And the second insert structural scheme is as follows:
the second and first insert structural schemes of the invention are different in that the insert structure does not comprise a conical insert; in addition, in the radial direction, the sectional area of the bottom of the groove structure of the edge of the insert web is larger than the sectional area of the outer edge, so that the radial separation of the connection position of the fiber composite material and the edge of the metal insert in the high-pressure service process is prevented. The insert has a polygonal structure inside which is connected with the fusible inner container. The polygonal structure can ensure that the insert and the fusible liner are axially and smoothly installed and simultaneously prevent relative rotation.
The insert mounting method and the winding optimization method of the fiber composite material in the second scheme of the invention are as follows:
in the third step of the basic process flow of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process, a pressing push plate and an insert are sleeved on a fixture for fixing a fusible inner container of a winding machine in sequence. And then winding the hydrogen storage bottle on the fusible inner container and the insert according to the winding relation of the carbon fiber composite material. After winding is completed, the wound layer of composite material should be made to exceed the bottom surface of the compression pusher plate. And then completing the manufacture of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle by the subsequent steps of the basic process. And taking down the compression push plate, and installing the inner plug with the radial sealing ring and the axial sealing ring on the insert. The axial sealing ring is used for sealing the inner plug and the carbon fiber composite material, so that leakage of hydrogen from a gap between the insert and the fiber composite material is prevented.
Alternatively, the axial seal may be designed as a conical seal, so as to improve the sealing effect.
The invention relates to a manufacturing process of a V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle, which solves the problem that a fusible liner is manufactured by using low-temperature alloy, and the fusible liner cannot be stably wound because of no rigid attachment structure during carbon fiber winding; two insert and inner plug structures are designed, so that the sealing effect is improved; further, the density of the composite material is improved by adopting a vacuumizing and pressurizing method so as to improve the gas barrier property. Compared with other types of hydrogen storage bottle forming equipment, the forming equipment used by the invention does not need larger change, and can save the cost of transformation production of enterprises.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic process flow of a manufacturing process of a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a filament winding scheme of an insert scheme one of the v-type hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a seal structure of an insert scheme one of the manufacturing process of the v-type hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a conical insert structure according to an insert scheme one of the manufacturing process of the v-type hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a preferred schematic view of a finish wrapping scheme for a v-type hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a split fusible liner of the v-type hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a filament winding scheme of an insert scheme two of the v-type hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of two perspective structures of an insert scheme of a manufacturing process of a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a fusible inner container; a 2-fiber composite layer; 201-a first layer of carbon fiber composite material; 202-a second layer of carbon fiber composite material; 3-metal inserts; 301-a conical insert; 302-an outer insert; 3021-insert web edge groove; 3022-a backstop structure; 3023-a rotation-stopping structure; 303-insert scheme two; 3031-insert second web edge groove; 3032-insert polygonal structure; 4-soft material; 5-winding machine tooling; 6-a one-way valve; 7-an inner plug; 8-a sealing ring; 9-pushing plate; 10-compacting the push plate; 11-an inner plug with composite axial seal; 12-winding carbon fibers at a small angle; 13-axial carbon fiber composite material.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 (illustratively, the insert used therein is the insert structure described in scheme 1), the basic process flow of the v-type hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process of the present invention comprises:
firstly, designing a fusible inner container 1 structure required by winding according to the inner cavity structure of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle, and manufacturing a fusible inner container 1 forming die capable of being heated by rotational molding.
And secondly, manufacturing the carbon fiber composite material wound fusible inner container 1 by a rotational molding method. The low-temperature alloy is put into a mould, the mould is heated to about 20-30 ℃ above the melting point of the low-temperature alloy to fully melt the low-temperature alloy, then the mould is rotated in a biaxial manner, the temperature of the mould is controlled to be slightly lower than the melting point of the low-temperature alloy, and the melted low-temperature alloy can be adhered to the inner wall surface of the mould and cooled into the fusible liner 1.
And thirdly, processing threads which can be connected with a winding machine tool 5 at two ends of the fusible inner container 1 or installing a metal insert 3 structure, and installing the low-temperature alloy inner container 1 on a winding machine. And winding the hydrogen storage bottle according to the designed carbon fiber composite material winding relation.
And fourthly, sleeving soft materials 4 (plastic or elastomer films) outside the uncured hydrogen storage bottle after winding is completed, and tightly binding two ends of the soft materials 4 and forming a seal with the low-temperature alloy liner 1. The residual gas in the fibre composite material 2 is then pumped out from the designed non-return valve 6 on the soft material 4 using a vacuum pump.
And fifthly, placing the treated hydrogen storage bottle into a curing furnace for curing, wherein the curing temperature is at least 20-30 ℃ lower than the melting point of the low-temperature alloy, and optionally filling inert gas of 0.1-1 MPa into the curing furnace during curing. After curing is completed the fourth step of soft material 4 is removed.
And sixthly, after the fiber composite material 2 is completely solidified, clamping the hydrogen storage bottle by using a mechanical arm, moving the hydrogen storage bottle into a high-temperature furnace, setting the furnace temperature to be 5-20 ℃ higher than the melting point of the low-temperature alloy, melting the low-temperature alloy, moving the molten liquid of the low-temperature alloy out of the hydrogen storage bottle from the position of the opening insert, and recycling the low-temperature alloy.
And seventh, injecting a certain amount of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin reaction liquid into the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle, and continuously rotating the hydrogen storage bottle around the double shafts by using a mechanical arm to uniformly distribute the reaction liquid on the inner wall of the fiber composite material 2. The hydrogen storage bottle is filled with a dry inert gas at a certain pressure, so that the reaction liquid further enters the gaps of the composite material 2. The reaction solution is then cured by increasing the temperature to the curing temperature.
And eighth step, slowly cooling the hydrogen storage bottle, preventing the interface between the metal insert 3 and the fiber composite material 2 from generating larger internal stress, and completing the manufacturing of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle.
As a basic process alternative, in the third, fourth and fifth steps of the manufacturing process of the v-shaped hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention, a carbon fiber composite material layer of several millimeters is first wound and cured according to the specific size of the hydrogen storage bottle, so that the inner layer of the hydrogen storage bottle has a certain rigidity, and can independently bear the subsequent attached rigid structure as winding. And the low-temperature alloy liner 1 is removed according to the sixth step process. And then continuing winding the rest carbon fiber composite material layer 2 and completing the curing work according to the processes of the fourth step and the fifth step to form the final hydrogen storage bottle.
As an alternative to the basic process, the seventh step of the present invention may be omitted. Preferably, the reaction liquid in the seventh step of the present invention contains a composite sheet-like inorganic material, such as graphene, montmorillonite, hydrotalcite, or the like.
The fiber composite material for winding can be a composite material prepreg tape, or can be formed by winding after fiber is immersed in resin in real time, or can be wound by a dry method or a wet method. Preferably, wet winding should be used.
Alternatively, instead of being integrally manufactured by rotational molding, the low-temperature alloy fusible inner container of the present invention may be manufactured by molding, sand casting, or the like, and combined into a carbon-fiber-wound fusible inner container, as shown in fig. 6.
The metal insert 3 of the present invention may be an insert of other conventional structure, without interfering with the implementation of the above-described v-type hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process. But two available insert structure schemes are designed according to the service conditions of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle for high-pressure gas hydrogen storage as the optimization. The structural scheme is mainly used for explaining characteristic points of the insert detail structural design and the generated optimization scheme of the corresponding winding process, and the scheme is still within the protection scope of the invention when the scheme of the invention is used in a deleting combination or a complete combination.
The first insert structural scheme:
as shown in fig. 2, the insert structure scheme one of the present invention includes a tapered inner insert 301 and an outer insert 302. As shown in fig. 4, the conical insert 301 has a split structure, the inner surface of which has a conical structure, and the diameter of the inner side of the cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the outer side. As shown in fig. 3, the structure can compress the composite material, so that the sealing performance is improved; and simultaneously, the composite material of the hydrogen storage bottle is prevented from being axially separated from the insert under the high-pressure service condition. The inner surface of the outer insert 302 and the inner surface of the conical inner insert 301 are in uniform transition, so that stress concentration of the composite material 2 at the transition of the metal insert is prevented. In addition, the inner insert 301 and the outer insert 302 are connected through a polygon, so that the inner insert 301 and the outer insert 302 are prevented from rotating relatively, and the inner insert 301 and the outer insert 302 can move axially. The edge of the web of the outer insert 302 is a groove 3021, which is mainly used for increasing the connection area between the composite material 2 and the outer insert 302 and preventing the composite material 2 and the web of the insert 302 from axially displacing. The bottleneck of the outer insert 302 is further provided with a stop structure 3022 for preventing the composite material 2 and the outer insert 302 from axially displacing relative to each other. A polygonal rotation stopping structure 3023 is arranged beside the back stopping structure 3022 to prevent the carbon fiber composite material 2 and the outer insert 302 from rotating relatively.
The insert mounting method and the winding optimization method of the fiber composite material 2 according to the first scheme of the invention are as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, in the third step of the basic process flow of the v-type hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process of the present invention, first, the pushing plate 9 and the outer insert 302 are sequentially sleeved on the tooling 5 for fixing the fusible inner container 1 by the winding machine. Then, after the fusible inner container 1 is installed, the carbon fiber 201 with the thickness of several millimeters is firstly wound on the fusible inner container 1, and enough composite materials are also wound at the bottle mouth position according to the inner surface structure of the insert. After winding is completed, the inner insert 301 is used to clamp the fiber composite material of the bottle mouth, the outer insert 302 is sleeved on the inner insert 301, and the outer insert 302 is pressed and fixed in the axial direction by the push plate 9. The push plate 9 is in threaded connection with the fusible liner fixing tool 5. After the outer insert 302 is secured, the second layer of composite material 202 continues to be wound and the curing and v-bank fabrication is completed in accordance with the subsequent steps of the basic process described above.
Preferably, in the process of winding enough composite materials according to the inner surface structure of the insert 301, the bottleneck is wound by using a method of winding carbon fibers at a small angle in the winding process, so that the axial tensile property of the bottleneck composite material is improved.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, on the basis of using the small-angle wound carbon fiber 12, after each single-layer winding is completed, an axial fiber composite material 13 is paved at the transition place of the bottle mouth and the sealing head, so that the axial tensile property of the bottle mouth and the transition place of the bottle mouth and the sealing head is further improved.
And the second insert structural scheme is as follows:
as shown in fig. 7, the second insert structure 303 of the present invention is different from the first insert structure in that the tapered insert 301 is not included; in addition, in the radial direction, the bottom cross-sectional area of the groove structure 3031 of the insert web edge is larger than the outer edge cross-sectional area, so that the connection position of the fiber composite material 2 and the metal insert 303 edge is prevented from being radially separated in the high-pressure service process. As shown in fig. 8, the insert 303 has a polygonal structure 3032 connected to the fusible inner container 1. The polygonal structure 3032 can ensure that the insert 303 and the fusible inner container 1 are axially and smoothly installed and simultaneously prevent relative rotation.
The installation method of the insert 303 and the winding optimization method of the fiber composite material 2 in the second embodiment of the invention are as follows:
as shown in fig. 7, in the third step of the basic process flow of the v-type hydrogen storage bottle manufacturing process of the present invention, the pressing push plate 10 and the insert 303 are first sequentially sleeved on the tooling 5 for fixing the fusible inner container by the winding machine. The hydrogen storage bottle is then wound around the fusible inner container 1 and the insert 303 in a carbon fiber composite winding relationship. After winding is completed, the wound layer of the composite material 2 should be made to exceed the bottom surface of the pressing plate 10. And then completing the manufacture of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle by the subsequent steps of the basic process. The compression pusher plate 10 is removed and the inner plug 11 with radial and axial seal rings is mounted on the insert 303. The axial sealing ring is used for sealing the inner plug 11 and the carbon fiber composite material, and prevents hydrogen from leaking from a gap between the insert 303 and the fiber composite material 2.
Alternatively, the axial seal may be designed as a conical seal, so as to improve the sealing effect.

Claims (10)

1. A manufacturing process of a V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle is characterized in that:
firstly, designing a required fusible inner container structure according to the inner cavity structure of a V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle, and manufacturing a fusible inner container forming die heated by rotational molding;
secondly, putting the low-temperature alloy into a fusible inner container forming die, heating the die to a temperature which is about 20-30 ℃ higher than the melting point of the low-temperature alloy to enable the low-temperature alloy to be fully fused, then biaxially rotating the die, controlling the temperature of the die to be slightly lower than the melting point of the low-temperature alloy, enabling the fused low-temperature alloy to adhere on the inner wall surface of the die through a rotational molding method, and cooling the fused low-temperature alloy into the fusible inner container;
thirdly, processing threads which can be connected with the tooling of the winding machine or installing a metal insert structure at the two ends of the fusible inner container, installing the low-temperature alloy inner container on the winding machine, and winding the hydrogen storage bottle according to the designed carbon fiber composite material winding relation;
step four, sheathing soft materials outside the uncured hydrogen storage bottle after winding is completed, fastening two ends of the soft materials and forming a seal between the soft materials and the low-temperature alloy liner, and pumping residual gas in the composite materials by using a vacuum pump;
fifthly, placing the treated hydrogen storage bottle into a curing furnace for curing, wherein the curing temperature is at least 20-30 ℃ lower than the melting point of the low-temperature alloy, and filling inert gas of 0.1-1 MPa into the curing furnace during curing, and removing the soft material after curing is finished;
step six, after the composite material is completely solidified, clamping the hydrogen storage bottle by using a mechanical arm, moving the hydrogen storage bottle into a high-temperature furnace, setting the furnace temperature to be 5-20 ℃ higher than the melting point of the low-temperature alloy, melting the low-temperature alloy, moving the molten liquid of the low-temperature alloy out of the hydrogen storage bottle from the position of the opening insert, and recycling the low-temperature alloy;
seventhly, injecting a certain amount of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin reaction liquid into the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle, continuously winding the double-shaft hydrogen storage bottle by using a mechanical arm to uniformly distribute the reaction liquid on the inner wall of the fiber composite material, and raising the temperature to the curing temperature to cure the reaction liquid;
and eighth step, slowly cooling the hydrogen storage bottle, preventing the interface of the metal insert and the fiber composite material from generating larger internal stress, and completing the manufacturing of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle.
2. The process for manufacturing a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step, processing the two ends of the fusible inner container into threads which can be connected with the working machine of the winding machine or installing a metal insert structure, and installing the low-temperature alloy inner container on the winding machine; and then, coating a layer of flexible barrier film on the fusible inner container and the metal insert structure, and winding the hydrogen storage bottle according to the designed carbon fiber composite material winding relationship, so that the seventh step and the eighth step are omitted.
3. The process for manufacturing a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, wherein: in the seventh step, before the reaction liquid is solidified, a certain pressure of dry inert gas is filled into the hydrogen storage bottle, so that the reaction liquid further enters a gap of the composite material, and then the temperature is increased to the solidification temperature to solidify the reaction liquid.
4. The process for manufacturing a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, wherein: in the third, fourth and fifth steps, firstly winding a carbon fiber composite material layer of several millimeters according to the specific size of the hydrogen storage bottle and solidifying, so that the inner layer of the hydrogen storage bottle has certain rigidity, can independently bear the subsequent work as a winding attachment structure, and moves out the low-temperature alloy liner according to the sixth step, then continues winding the rest carbon fiber composite material layer and completes solidifying work according to the fourth and fifth steps to form the final hydrogen storage bottle.
5. The process for manufacturing a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, wherein: and seventh, adding a composite lamellar inorganic material into the reaction solution, wherein the electrodeless material is graphene, montmorillonite or hydrotalcite.
6. The process for manufacturing a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, wherein: among the components of the composite material, the binder of the carbon fiber is selected from thermosetting resin cured at low temperature represented by epoxy resin or thermoplastic material which has good hydrogen compatibility and can be formed by low-temperature reaction.
7. The process for manufacturing a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber composite material for winding is a composite material prepreg tape, or is formed by winding after fiber is impregnated with resin in real time, and is wound by a dry method or a wet method.
8. The process for manufacturing a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, wherein: the fusible inner container is manufactured into a whole by rotational molding or manufactured into a plurality of parts by mold pressing and sand casting and combined into the fusible inner container wound by carbon fiber; or the PVA water solution is used for manufacturing the thermosetting liner which can be dissolved in high temperature through the means of coating and drying.
9. The process for manufacturing a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, wherein: the insert structure comprises a conical inner insert and an outer insert, the conical inner insert is of a split structure, the inner surface of the conical inner insert is of a conical structure, and the diameter of the inner side of the gas cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the outer side of the gas cylinder; the inner surface of the outer insert is uniformly transited with the inner surface of the conical inner insert, the inner insert is connected with the outer insert through a polygon, the inner insert and the outer insert are prevented from rotating relatively, and the inner insert and the outer insert can move axially; the edge of the outer insert web plate is of a groove structure, a retaining structure for preventing the composite material from axially and relatively displacing with the insert is further arranged at the bottleneck of the outer insert, and a polygonal rotation stopping structure is arranged beside the retaining structure for preventing the carbon fiber composite material from relatively rotating with the insert; in the third step, firstly sleeving a push plate and an outer insert on a tool for fixing the fusible inner container by a winding machine, then installing a carbon fiber winding inner container, firstly winding carbon fibers with the thickness of a plurality of millimeters on the fusible inner container, and winding enough composite materials at the bottle opening position according to the inner surface structure of the inner insert; after winding, firstly clamping the fiber composite material of the bottle mouth by using the inner insert, then sleeving the outer insert on the inner insert, and pressing and fixing the outer insert in the axial direction by using a push plate; the push plate is connected with the fusible liner fixing tool through threads; after the inserts are secured, the composite material is continuously wound and the curing and the manufacturing of the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle are completed according to the subsequent steps of the basic process.
10. The process for manufacturing a v-type hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 8, wherein: in the second step, PVA water solution is put into a mould, and the inner container is manufactured by a rotary heating and drying method; in the sixth step, hot water with the temperature of more than 90 ℃ is circularly added into the hydrogen storage bottle, so that the liner is dissolved, and the V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle is formed.
CN202410088013.2A 2024-01-22 2024-01-22 Manufacturing process of V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle Pending CN117656523A (en)

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CN202410088013.2A CN117656523A (en) 2024-01-22 2024-01-22 Manufacturing process of V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410088013.2A CN117656523A (en) 2024-01-22 2024-01-22 Manufacturing process of V-shaped hydrogen storage bottle

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CN117656523A true CN117656523A (en) 2024-03-08

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