CN117650401A - USB-C and other cable accessories - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application presents a number of inventions for solving the technical challenges in long distance transmission of digital signals, including cables, power delivery adapters, locking cuffs, loose wires, long distance dc power delivery circuits, tube adapters, and various combinations thereof.

Description

USB-C and other cable accessories

Priority statement

The present application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application 63430802 filed on day 2022, 12, 7 and U.S. provisional patent application 63541792 filed on day 2023, 9, 30.

Technical Field

The present invention is a new technology and design in a communication cable that can address the delivery of high power sources through very long, relatively thin wires; a long cable is used for transmitting the traditional bidirectional communication signals which require the bidirectional sensing equipment; and converting long wires that have been installed that were not originally designed to carry these signals and power to be transmittable. Some examples of the invention are by adding a short power delivery adapter on each side of the cable; the internal DC-DC converter circuit supplies power to the internal circuit and the external signal source equipment through a long cable; the internal Vbus (Power bus) line switch can enable two ends of the long cable to have different Power transmission (PD) voltages; a locking sleeve to securely lock the adapter to each end of the long cable; there is also a circuit board that is divided into several areas to achieve a completely airtight electromagnetic radiation (EMI) shield of one area, and to allow other areas to be windowed to allow the user to see the indicator light. Some examples of the invention include the incorporation of some or all of the inventive schemes for delivering high power and special signals into long cables. Other solutions also include adding a tube adapter between the long cable and the device to change the communication signals setting the channel (CC, configuration Channel) lines to achieve identification, handshaking, and power delivery management between the devices. These solutions of the invention can solve the problem of incompatibility between the device and the long cable. The solution of the present invention may be used with long USB, or HDMI or active cable and other cable formats to provide many useful applications, even for special and future developed specifications.

Background

There is a high demand in the real world for long communication cables, especially in consumer electronics, enterprise communication and other industrial applications. The cable connecting the computer and the display on the desktop need only be 1 to 2 meters long. Cables connecting players in equipment cabinets to large screen televisions in front of a conference hall typically require 5 to 10 meters long. Cables connecting the host computers between the bulkhead equipment to the projectors on top of the meeting room head typically require 30 to 100 meters long. Cables connecting equipment in two buildings typically require several kilometers long. Submarine cables connecting several continents require thousands of kilometers long.

The long USB-C3.2 cable is currently an active fiber optic cable (AOC, active Optical Cables) that can more easily use several fibers to transmit very high speed USB and DP (DisplayPort) data. However, these USB-C active fiber optic cables AOCs often also need to be backward compatible, carrying the old USB 2.0 signals. There are two ways in which USB 2.0 signals can be transmitted over long cables: one is to use fiber transmission, just like a USB 3.2 signal; but this is an expensive solution because two new optical fiber transmitters (Tx) and receivers (Rx), optical fibers and corresponding optical-to-electrical conversion circuits need to be added to the cable and connector. Moreover, such fiber solutions are often unreliable because the USB 2.0 signal is designed for copper wire, using bi-directional transmission to detect multiple devices or chips connected on the same wire. In contrast, optical fibers are unidirectional and cannot detect devices on the same line like copper wires. Another way to send USB 2.0 signals over long wires is with passive wires; but this is often also rendered inoperable by the fact that there is an excessive capacitance between the wire conductors longer than 5 meters to limit the voltage transition of the signal between 0 and 1. Also, when a system uses very long (such as 50 meters) cables, the devices connected at both ends of the cable may not be in one room, and may not be connected to the same ac power ground or even phase; this means that there may be a large voltage difference between the two sets of devices, which may create a large disturbance to the USB 2.0 signal and even a large voltage surge may damage the devices connected by the long cable, since the standard USB 2.0 circuit is dc coupled.

For the convenience of home or professional users, modern products like long USB-C cables also have the ability to send up to 100 watts of power to the remote end to power the device. For example, a 50 meter long USB-C cable connected to a large screen projector on the ceiling may provide 60 watts of power to the devices on the conference desk. In this example, the long USB-C cable can send video signals of the presenter's notebook computer to the projector, and can also charge the notebook computer, so that the presenter does not need to take his charger and find a power socket on the conference hall desk.

Transmitting a 60 watt power supply with such a 50 meter long USB-C cable (most likely a fiber optic AOC cable) requires that the Vbus and ground conductors of the cable be capable of transmitting significant currents. These wires may require 10AWG or thicker conductors with a american standard depending on the wire length and the power of the power supply. The diameter of the bare copper of one American standard 10AWG is 2.6 mm, and the insulating outside of the copper is not added; the cost of bare copper required for just a pair of such cables to deliver 60 watts of power to a 50 meter length is nearly $100. These cables made with the American standard 10AWG conductors can be very stiff due to the very thick conductors, which can be inconvenient for the user; moreover, these cables can be costly to manufacture, especially at the high copper prices now and the large amounts of copper required to make such cables. The various examples of the present invention provide a significant cost reduction for long cables that achieve full functionality and improved performance.

Many attempts by many inventors to solve these problems have not been successful in the last decade. The prior art focuses on long cables using these very thick wires to carry high power supplies. The result is a thick and stiff cable that is unwieldy and often unusable. The prior art also assumes that the capacity of the long wire cannot be reduced in designs that transmit USB 2.0 in the long cable, focusing on waveform shaping the already rounded signal received at the far end. However, this design does not address the signal time delay caused by the large capacitance of the long cable.

In reality, many other incompatibility problems caused by the fact that the USB-C standard does not consider the long wire when drafting, for example, the display sends out 20 v, the signal source device receives only 18 v after passing through the long wire because of the voltage loss on the long wire, and the signal source device may send out low voltage warning data to the display through the CC communication wire; the display will then cut off 20 volts and re-deliver 20 volts. These power transmissions are re-transmitted again due to insufficient voltage received, and this cycle is repeated, rendering the cable-connected device inoperable.

Disclosure of Invention

One embodiment of the present invention is to solve the problem of transmitting USB 2.0 signals over long wires, adding a transmitting circuit Tx at one end of the cable, cutting off the ground voltage difference of the devices in two different rooms connected by the cable with ac coupling, and changing the signals into balanced signal format and circuits without ground, transmitting through long wires, and then restoring the signals into the signal format defined by the original USB 2.0 specification using a receiving circuit Rx at the other end of the long wires. The balanced signal long-distance transmission circuit can also eliminate interference signals received by long wires by subtracting two signals of positive wires and negative wires.

Another set of embodiments of the present invention is to address the challenge of delivering high power over long wires in a completely different manner: the power supply voltage is raised to several times of the USB standard by using a direct current-direct current converter at one end of the long wire, and is lowered to the voltage of the USB standard by using another direct current-direct current converter at the other end of the long wire. This reduces the current through the long wire conductors several times, allowing the use of much smaller size (AWG) conductors to deliver the same power supply, which reduces the amount of copper required for the long wire and the resulting cable cost, and also allows the cable to be made thinner and more flexible. The dc-dc converter in these embodiments of the invention may be mounted within the plug body of the long wire or on the circuit board somewhere in the middle of the long wire. The other scheme of the invention is that each end of the long wire is provided with a power supply adapter Dongles, each power supply adapter Dongles is provided with a female seat for being in butt joint with a male head of the long wire and a male head for being in butt joint with equipment; and a short wire harness connects the body of the power delivery adapter and the male connector.

Not all applications require USB 2.0 backward compatibility or remote Power (PD) functionality. In this case, the two circuits are removed from each long USB-C cable and placed in the pair of short power delivery adapters, so that the power delivery adapters need to be connected at both ends of the long wire only when one or both functions are required, resulting in a logical choice. In the manufacturer's business options, they may produce power delivery adapters having both functions, or may produce power delivery adapters having only one of the functions. This provides the user with the option of paying only for the functionality of the power delivery adapter they need. These embodiments of the present invention are very useful solutions for retrofitting older active fiber optic cables (AOCs) already installed in the walls of an office building that were not originally carrying remote power and/or USB 2.0 backward compatible functions to enable them to have these functions by incorporating a power delivery adapter.

The power delivery adapter of the present embodiment has a female receptacle into which the male end of the USB-C cord is inserted. To prevent the power delivery adapter from being loosened or stolen from the long USB-C cable in a conference hall, classroom or other setting, some embodiments of the present invention further include a locking sleeve that can simply be slid in from the loose wire of the long USB-C cable, over the male head, to the body of the power delivery adapter, and then permanently locked to the body of the power delivery adapter by a security screw.

Modern electronic products such as USB-C cable plug bodies and power adapters often use light emitting diodes LEDs for signal and power type and status display. Apertures that allow light from the leds to pass through also allow electromagnetic radiation EMI signals to enter and exit, potentially interfering with these devices and devices connected thereto. The embodiment of the invention also comprises a separation design of the circuit board, a signal element sensitive to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation EMI and a copper sheet are arranged in one area of the PCB, a direct current signal element comprising a light emitting diode and the copper sheet is arranged in the other area of the PCB, and a wall made of thin metal (such as the copper sheet) is added between the two areas to separate the two areas, so that airtight electromagnetic shielding of the area sensitive to the high-frequency electromagnetic radiation signal can be kept, and meanwhile, the light emitting diode indication lamp light of the insensitive area can be transmitted for signal indication.

The maximum allowable capacitance value is provided for the communication channels of the video and data cables to ensure the maximum delay amount in the data transmission time; for example, the maximum allowable capacitance of the DDC channel of the HDMI cable is 700pF; the maximum allowable capacitance of the CC channel of the USB cable is 600pF. These are not a problem for short wires 2 meters long. However, these maximum allowable capacitance requirements are a significant problem for a 50 meter long wire because if the wire is equally loose, its channel capacitance will be 25 times that of a 2 meter cable. The solution of the present invention changes the high-speed video signals such as TMDS or FRL channel signals in HDMI cable, SBU channel (DP) signals in USB cable, and high-speed data signals such as Tx and Rx channel data in USB cable from copper wire to optical fiber, thereby completely eliminating the influence of electromagnetic radiation. Other embodiments of the present invention change these low-speed signal transmission modes of the DDC channel in the HDMI cable and the CC channel and D channel in the USB from single-ended to balanced transmission. The embodiments of the present invention greatly reduce the scattered electromagnetic radiation, thus allowing other embodiments of the present invention to remove the overall shielding of HDMI or USB scattered wires, thereby further reducing the capacitance of the low speed signal path conductors to ground, and allowing these cables to meet both the small capacitance requirements of the data lines and the low electromagnetic radiation requirements. These inventions also make the yarn cheaper, slim, and flexible, and can be used in a wider variety of commercial applications.

The power delivery adapter in one of the embodiments of the present invention may facilitate the design of delivering 60 or 100 watts of power through a long cable. When it is not necessary to deliver 60 or 100 watts of power, the power delivery adapter is not needed, but in certain applications it is still necessary to deliver a smaller power source, say 5 volt 1 to 3 amps (5 to 15 watts) to the other end of the long cable to power the internal circuitry of the cable and/or external devices connected thereto, such as security cameras, etc. Some embodiments of the invention also include internal circuitry in the long cable that uses a small dc-dc converter to boost a lower voltage, e.g., 5 volts, to a higher voltage, e.g., 20 volts, at one end of the cable, and then to run the cable through a dedicated wire in the long wire flex (so called Vint wire) to the distal end of the long wire, and then to reduce it to a lower voltage, e.g., 5 volts, by another small dc-dc converter. These small dc-dc converter embodiments of the present invention can be small enough to fit into the plug body of a long wire and inexpensive enough to make the cost of a long wire competitive.

The 5 volt power supply in the USB specification is an older specification, often limiting the maximum current to a relatively small 0.9 or 1.2 amps. Even though the dc-dc converter inside the cable of the present invention can restore the voltage at the far end of the cable to 5 volts, the cable will still draw more current from the local device than the far end device because of the energy loss in long wire transmission. For example, a camera that is remotely connected to a long wire consumes 0.9 amps of 5 volts, and the near end of that long wire draws 1.3 amps of 5 volts. This situation may trigger over-current protection of the long-wire near-end power supply device, which is undesirable because it may cause the connected device to close the USB link and error messages. Some embodiments of the present invention may address this problem; its circuitry would require a relatively high voltage, say 20 volts, from the long-wire connected near-end device, but would continue to provide a relatively low voltage, say 5 volts, to the far-end connected device. Thus, the power supply voltage required at the near end of the long wire, for example, 20 volts, is 4 times of the voltage required at the far end of the long wire, for example, 5 volts, and the current required at the near end of the long wire is only one fourth of the current required at the far end of the long wire, so that the overcurrent protection of the power supply equipment cannot be triggered. The power connector pins at the proximal and distal ends of the long wire are all connected to the same Vbus conductor of the cable. Some embodiments of the present invention provide a solution to this problem by incorporating circuitry within the near end of the long wire to detect the Vbus conductor voltage and disconnecting the far and near ends of the long wire Vbus conductor only when this voltage is within a very narrow voltage range, say at a point above and below 20 volts, which allows the different voltages across the long wire described above to both exist and keeps the near and far ends of the long wire Vbus conductor connected when the voltage at the near end of Vbus is not within this voltage range. This ensures that the function of the Vbus line for 5 volt and 0 volt conversion at the initial handshake of the USB connection is operational.

Because the USB specification does not take into account long wire requirements and technology when drafting, although the long wire solution of the present invention has been designed to be manufactured well, compatibility issues are not encountered. An example of a 10 meter fiber optic AOC cable connects a notebook computer with a docking station for possible compatibility issues. For example, the docking station delivers 20 volt 3 amp (60 watts) PD power over a long wire; the notebook computer only receives 18V 3A power supply and sends out a low-voltage alarm to the docking station through the CC line; the docking station may then shut down the PD power supply and then restart the power supply, so that the cycle repeats repeatedly, disabling the cable. In another example, when a long line is inserted at that instant, the 5 volt power delivered by Vbus may drop instantaneously to say 1.5 volts due to the charge of the on-line capacitance, and then return to 5 volts quickly. The notebook computer may check the Vbus voltage at the moment of cable insertion to find this very brief voltage drop and send a low voltage alert to the docking station via the CC line. The docking station may then be cut off, restarted, and repeated repeatedly, rendering the cable inoperable. There may be many other examples of compatibility that may cause the cable to not function properly, such as USB-C transmitting DP video with several channels. The embodiment of the invention also comprises a small-sized device called a PD Adapter electric tube Adapter, which is provided with a USB-C female seat for inserting a male end of a long wire and a USB-C male end which can be inserted into external equipment at the other end of the short wire. The tube adapter of one embodiment of the present invention has an internal connection between the proximal and distal ends of the CC line to disconnect the CC direct communication of the proximally and distally connected devices to become it in communication with each device separately. The microprocessor in the tube adapter of one embodiment of the invention can use the third party device to carry out different communication on the devices connected at the middle and the two ends, and provide different data for charging requirements and supply, thus the system can work normally without the period of shutdown and restarting, and the new problem of long cable connection and transmission of different devices can be solved in different ways without waiting for the current USB specification to be rewritten for long-line application. The tube adapter of one of the embodiments of the present invention also includes a new firmware upgrade design that may be later validated against the newly emerging solutions to compatibility issues by the manufacturer. Other alternative embodiments may also include a DP controller microprocessor chip between the input and output of the adapter to manage the number of channels in the USB-C signal channel used to transmit DP video.

Although the cable drawings and descriptions in this patent application use USB-C AOC fiber as an example of an embodiment, embodiments of the present invention may also be used in a cable format selected from USB, HDMI, DP, SDI, IEEE 1394,Thunderbolt,Lighting cables, or other formats, or a hybrid format thereof, and many other similar cables to address similar problems, and should be included in examples of other embodiments of the present invention.

While the power delivery adapter Dongles inserts and descriptions in this patent application use USB-C as an example of an embodiment, these inventions are equally applicable to USB A power delivery adapters, USB B power delivery adapters and a mix of different USB connector types and male and female, HDMI power delivery adapters, DP power delivery adapters, and many other power delivery adapters of different connector families to address similar issues, as are embodiments of the present invention.

While the locking cuffs shown in the figures and described in this application are exemplified by USB-C, these inventions are equally applicable to USB a locking cuffs, USB B locking cuffs, and other locking cuffs having different types and blends of male and female, HDMI locking cuffs, DP locking cuffs, and many other locking cuffs of connectors of different families to address similar issues, as are embodiments of the present invention.

Although the embodiments of the hashes shown in the drawings and described in this application are examples of USB-C hashes, these inventions are equally applicable to cable formats selected from USB, HDMI, DP, SDI, IEEE 1394,Thunderbolt,Lighting cables, or other formats, or a mixture thereof, and many other different hashed sequences to address similar problems, these are embodiments of the invention.

Drawings

Fig. 1 representatively illustrates a prior art long cable having a male connector at each end.

Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the internal circuitry of a USB-C opto-electronic hybrid AOC long cable with long distance transmission of a USB 2.0 signal and long distance transmission of a high power supply with a dc-to-dc converter, which is one of the present inventions.

Fig. 3 representatively illustrates a block diagram of the internal circuitry of a USB-C opto-electronic hybrid AOC long cable of one of the present inventions, which removes the backward compatible USB 2.0 transmission circuitry and high power dc-dc converter circuitry from the long cable into the external power delivery adapter of fig. 4.

FIG. 4 representatively illustrates the external features and functions of a power delivery adapter of one of the present inventions; it is a power delivery circuit comprising the backward compatible USB 2.0 transmission circuit and the dc-dc converter of fig. 2, for adding these two functions to the long cable of fig. 3 without these two circuits.

FIG. 5 representatively illustrates a block diagram of the internal circuitry of a power delivery adapter of one of the present inventions; it contains backward compatible USB 2.0 long distance transmitting and receiving circuit and long distance DC-DC converter circuit for transmitting high power source.

Figure 6 representatively illustrates the exterior housing and function of one of the locking sleeves of the present invention from 5 different perspectives.

FIG. 7 representatively illustrates a prior art internal circuit board with an overall shield metal shell; the metal shell is provided with an opening for allowing a user to see light emitted by a Light Emitting Diode (LED) from outside; the aperture also allows electromagnetic radiation interference (EMI) signals to pass in and out of the aperture.

Fig. 8 representatively illustrates an example of one of the present inventions similar to the internal circuit board of fig. 7 except that the circuit board is divided into two or more thin metal wall areas shielded by EMI so that both the hermetic shielding of the areas where high frequency signals are present and the areas where no high frequency signals are present allow the light emitted by the LED to be seen from the outside.

Fig. 9 representatively illustrates a prior art scattered-line cross-sectional view with the conductors and shielding layers inside seen.

FIG. 10 representatively illustrates a cross-sectional view of a hybrid fiber and a loose wire of one embodiment of the present invention with the peripheral shield removed to reduce capacitance.

FIG. 11 representatively illustrates a block diagram of the internal power supply circuitry of the long cable of one embodiment of the present invention; the low-voltage PD power supply at one end of the cable is raised to an internal higher voltage, transmitted to the other end of the cable, and then lowered to a lower voltage to supply power to an internal circuit and external equipment, so that the power supply voltage does not have any voltage loss after passing through the cable with a long length.

Fig. 12 representatively illustrates a block diagram of Vbus line switch circuitry within a cable of one of the present inventions. The circuit can disconnect the Vbus wires at two ends of the long cable when the voltage of the Vbus at one section falls into a certain preset range to realize complicated PD power management; and the Vbus wires across the long cable are connected when the Vbus voltage at that end is not in this voltage range.

FIG. 13 representatively illustrates an internal circuit block diagram of a PD transistor adapter in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; the PD control microprocessor is arranged between the CC lines at the two ends of the cable, and the compatibility problem between PD power transmission and other equipment and the long cable is solved by changing communication data of the CC lines. An optional DP controller is also illustrated in the figure, between the input and output of this adapter, for managing several of the USB-C signal paths for transmitting DP video signals.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of facilitating an understanding and implementing of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, embodiments of the invention will now be described in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Difficulty in remote transmission of power and USB bidirectional communication signals by AOC optical fiber cable in prior art

Referring to FIG. 1, a two-dimensional view 100 of a prior art long USB-C cable 104 with a USB-C connector body 102 at each end, with a front plug 101 at the front end of the connector body is representatively illustrated; the connector body has a bend protection 103 at the rear end. These USB 3.2 cables can transmit very high data rates of 5, 10 or 20 Gbps. For such high data rates, USB cables longer than 5 meters are basically used for data transmission with optical fibers because of the limited transmission distance of standard copper wires. Once converted to light for transmission over optical fibers, the signals can be transmitted up to 20 km without the need for relay devices to amplify the signals therein. Yet other signals or functions are not or not readily carried by optical fibers, such as the older USB 2.0 backward compatible transmit and receive signals (d+/D-pin) and remote power delivery (Vbus pin). The USB 2.0 signal is a bi-directional differential signal up to 480 Mbps. It requires the addition of two sets of optical fiber transmit and receive optical fiber paths and elements, even though this is not true bi-directional communication. If copper wires are used for transmission, these signals become unusable after passing through a cable of 10 to 15 meters in length. Also, to deliver 20 volt 5 amp power over a USB-C cable, the resistance of the two wires to and from the power delivery is high, even with the thickest copper conductor, 18AWG gauge wire, practical. For example, the total resistance (sum back) of a 50 meter length cable is: 0.021x50x2=2.1 ohms. Thus, the voltage drop at 5 amps is as high as 10.5 volts, which is undesirable. The 20 volt power supply is not practical because only half of the voltage is left when it is sent from the source to the power consumer. It is a great challenge to send USB 2.0 signals and/or Power Delivery (PD) over USB 3.2 cables up to 50 meters.

Embodiments of the invention: USB 2.0 and PD power transmission circuit inside USB-C AOC optical fiber cable

Referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram 200 of the internal circuitry of a USB-C3.2 AOC fiber optic cable is representatively illustrated in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Element 261 is a USB-C male connector at one end of the cable; element 262 is another USB-C male connector at the other end of the cable. Elements 202 and 203 are USB 3.2 high speed data signal pins at one end of the cable; elements 212 and 213 are USB 3.2 high speed data signal pins at the other end of the cable. Elements 204 and 205 are pins of a USB second mode (USB Alt mode) DP video data signal at one end of the cable; elements 214 and 215 are pins of the DP video data signal at the other end of the cable. Elements 206 through 211 are the Vconn, CC, SBU1/2, D+/-, GND and Vbus pins, respectively, at one end of the cable. Elements 216 through 221 are the Vconn, CC, SBU1/2, D+/-, GND and Vbus pins, respectively, at the other end of the cable. Element 222 is a fiber optic transmit chip containing four electrical to optical signal conversion circuits. Element 224 is a fiber optic receiving chip containing four-way optical-to-electrical signal conversion circuitry. Elements 226, 228, 230, 232 are four optical fibers in a long cable pigtail connecting fiber optic chips 222 and 224. Element 234,236,238,240,242,244 is a copper wire in a long wire break connecting the electrical circuit of pins 206 through 211 at one end of the cable and pins 216 through 221 at the other end of the cable, respectively. Element 246 is a USB 2.0 signal transceiver chip at one end of the cable and element 248 is a signal transceiver chip at the other end of the cable. The elements 246 and 248 operate in pairs, converting the USB 2.0 signal to a balanced signal with a balanced output circuit, cutting off the different dc potentials at the two ends of the cable with ac coupling, amplifying the signal to a larger amplitude suitable for long distance transmission at the transmitting end (pre-equalization pre-EQ), and converting it back to a standard USB 2.0 signal at the other end. Element 245 is the dc-dc converter at one end of the cable and element 247 is the dc-dc converter at the other end of the cable. These two elements 245 and 247 work together to convert the standard dc voltage of the Vbus pin of standard USB-C connectors 261 and 262 to a proprietary voltage designed by the manufacturer. In the design of one of the embodiments of the present invention, this internal dc voltage may be set to up to 48 volts, which is the highest dc voltage that is considered safe without UL authentication. This 48 volt internal voltage is almost ten times the 5 volt standard USB dc voltage commonly used. According to the formula power=voltage x current (p=u x I), the current decreases by a factor of ten when the voltage increases by a factor of ten, corresponding to the same power. This greatly reduced current would allow the wire dispersion of long cables to be much finer copper wire sizes, thus making the cables much finer, softer, much cheaper, which is a significant improvement.

Embodiments of the invention: USB 2.0 and PD power transmission circuit outside USB-C AOC optical fiber cable

Referring to FIG. 3, a block diagram 300 of the internal circuitry of a USB-C3.2 AOC fiber optic cable is representatively illustrated in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. This cable is substantially identical to the cable 200 shown in fig. 2, except that USB 2.0 circuit elements 246 and 248, and PD power transmitting elements 245 and 247 are removed from the cable, and moved to a pair of external power transmitting adapters Dongles, as will be described in detail below in fig. 4. This way, moving the two circuits to a pair of external power delivery adapters Dongles has several advantages: 1) The plug body size of the USB-C AOC optical fiber cable can be greatly reduced; 2) In embodiments where USB 2.0 backward compatibility or PD power delivery is not required for users, the cost of the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable is greatly reduced; 3) By providing an optional option for an external pair of power delivery adapters Dongles, other designs that did not consider delivering USB 2.0 signals or PD power or could not deliver USB 2.0 signals or PD power over such long USB AOC fiber optic cables, and those old USB AOC fiber optic cables that had been permanently packaged in walls or ceilings of various businesses or other buildings at the time of construction, can now be replaced by adding power delivery adapters Dongles without being dug out of the walls or ceilings, and can be modified to deliver USB 2.0 signals or PD power. Elements of fig. 3, each minus 100, function as elements of fig. 2. It is not necessary here to repeat the description of the elements in fig. 3.

Embodiments of the invention: USB-C power transmission adapter Dongles

Fig. 4 representatively illustrates an external three-dimensional view 400 of a USB-C power delivery adapter Dongles in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The body 401 of the power delivery adapter Dongle has a female receptacle 403 that receives the male plug 361 or 362 of the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable of FIG. 3. Also shown is a stub 405, a USB-C male connector 406 and its plug 407. The body 401 of the power delivery adapter Dongle also has an optional female connector 404 for taking power from an external power source when needed, and an optional screw hole 402 for a screw 503 of a safety lock sleeve to be described later with reference to fig. 5. The power delivery adapters Dongles are used in pairs, one at each end of the cable of fig. 3, to bring about both functions to a USB-C3.2 cable that does not carry USB 2.0 signals and/or PD power delivery functions. There are many different embodiments of the power delivery adapter Dongle; in one scheme, the circuit for transmitting power of the USB 2.0 and the PD is provided; in another scheme, only a USB 2.0 circuit is provided; yet another scheme is only PD power delivery circuitry. These provide users with different needs with the functional options of different goods and the price option to choose to pay only the functions they need.

Embodiments of the invention: internal circuit block diagram of USB-C power transmission adapter Dongles

Fig. 5 representatively illustrates an internal circuit block diagram 500 of a USB-C power delivery adapter Dongle in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The power adapter Dongle has a USB-C female connector receptacle 561 at one end and a USB-C male connector plug 562 at the other end. All pins 502,503,504,505,506,507,508, 510 of connector 561 are connected to pins 512,513,514,515,516,517,518, 520, respectively, of connector 562 at the other end via stubs 526. Pins 509 of connector 561 are connected with USB 2.0 transceiver circuit 557 on printed circuit board 522 inside the electrical adapter body. These transceiver circuits 557 operate in pairs at both ends of the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable, respectively, converting the USB 2.0 signal to a differential (balanced) signal mode, modulating the signal as needed. Pins 511 of connector 561 are connected to dc-dc converter circuit 555 on printed circuit board 522 inside the power adapter. An optional external power outlet 553 is coupled to DC-DC converter circuit 555 by an OR circuit 559 and internal power from pin 512 of connector 562. This or circuit allows only the higher voltage of the power from connector 553 and the power from pin 521 of connector 562 to pass through dc-dc converter 555 while the lower voltage power is turned off. Although the or circuit 559 in this embodiment is achieved by two diodes; other embodiments known to the skilled engineer that achieve the same or function, i.e., allow the higher voltage power supply to pass while shutting off the lower voltage power supply, are within the scope of the present patent application. For example, the OR circuit may be implemented by a plurality of diodes, or a plurality of triodes, or gates in a plurality of chips. External power and or circuitry are just optional functions of this embodiment. The input voltage of the dc-dc converter in the power delivery adapter Dongle embodiment may be approximately 5 volts, approximately 9 volts, approximately 15 volts, or approximately 20 volts to approximately 48 volts. Although the example of the present embodiment shows a dc-dc converter circuit with both USB 2.0 transmitting and receiving circuits and PD transmitting power, other embodiments may have only USB 2.0 transmitting and receiving circuits, or only PD transmitting dc-dc converter circuits. All such examples representing different options of the present embodiment are within the scope of the present patent application.

Embodiments of the invention: USB-C locking sleeve

Referring to fig. 6, a side view 600A, a top view 600B, a bottom view 600C, a front view 600D, a rear view 600E of a USB-C locking sleeve 600 of the present invention are representatively illustrated, with the black solid lines drawn in these figures as elements of the locking sleeve. Other elements are drawn with gray lines: a USB-C male plug 602 of the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable described in the previous paragraph, and a body 612 of the USB-C power delivery adapter Dongle described in the previous paragraph. The male head 602 of the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable is inserted into the female receptacle 612 of the USB-C power delivery adapter Dongle. The width 624 of the bottom and tail small openings of the locking sleeve is slightly wider than the diameter 604 of the loose wire 606 of the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable so that this opening allows the loose wire of the cable to slide in. The locking sleeve middle and front opening width 625 is slightly wider than the width 605 of the body of the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable plug 602; height 626 is slightly higher than 606; so that the plug 602 can be slid into the interior 627 of the locking sleeve. The locking sleeve also has a long and wide flat tongue 629 with a screw hole 628 in the middle of the front end. Once the male head 602 of the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable is inserted into the female seat of the body 612 of the power delivery adapter Dongle, the user may first slide the locking sleeve 622 down into the USB-C cable dispersion 606 and then slide forward against the male head 602 until the entire male head body 602 slides into the interior space 627 of the locking sleeve 622, while the flat tongue 629 covers the power delivery adapter Dongle body 612 with the screw hole 628 also aligned with the power delivery adapter's screw seat 402 of 401 in fig. 4. A security screw 632 may be screwed into screw hole 402 to permanently lock together male head 602 of the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable and power delivery adapter Dongle body 612. This security lock has two main purposes: 1) The plug 602 and locking adapter Dongle body 612 of the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable are prevented from coming loose during the live slide presentation; 2) The power delivery adapter is prevented from being removed or stolen from the conference hall because this device is small and can be easily unplugged from the USB-C AOC fiber optic cable without the locking sleeve.

Prior art active printed circuit board with metal shielding case and opening hole for light emitting diode LED

Referring to fig. 7, a three-dimensional view 700 of a prior art active printed circuit board PCB 711 with light emitting diodes 712 is representatively illustrated with a thin metal housing 701 having an aperture 702 therein for exposing the light of the light emitting diodes LED 712 to the view of a human user. The design purpose of the thin metal shell is to form airtight sealing by six surfaces which are used for wrapping all components and circuits inside, so as to prevent electromagnetic radiation EMI inside from leaking to the external environment; and also prevents electromagnetic radiation EMI from the external environment from leaking into the internal circuitry and causing distortion or interference. However, in the embodiment with a light emitting diode LED for display, the metal shell must be perforated to allow the light of the light emitting diode to pass through for indication. These apertures also allow electromagnetic radiation to pass in and out, defeating the purpose of the shield, which is not desirable.

Embodiments of the invention: complete electromagnetic radiation EMI shielding while also allowing the light of the light emitting diode LED to be seen

Referring to fig. 8, an active printed circuit board PCB 811 with a light emitting diode LED 812 and a thin metal shell 801 with an opening 802 to allow light from the light emitting diode LED 812 to pass out to be seen is representatively illustrated in an example 800 of an embodiment of the present invention, similar to the layout of fig. 7. The present embodiment differs in that components for processing signals like USB, HDMI, DP and other high frequency signals are placed in one area 814 of the printed circuit board 811, while components for processing direct current signals like light emitting diodes are placed in another area 816 of the printed circuit board 811. A thin metal wall 804 is then added between areas 814 and 816 of the printed circuit board 811; this thin metal wall 804 is in intimate contact with the overall metal shield housing 801 at all edges; thus, the left region of the thin metal shell 801 and the thin metal wall 804 form an airtight space, with six airtight metals forming some electromagnetic radiation shielding. This six-sided airtight area forms a complete electromagnetic radiation shield for the area 814 of the printed circuit board 811, without any electromagnetic radiation interference from any of the printed circuit board 811 and the external environment. The right region of the thin metal housing 801 and the dividing wall 804 also form another metal housing interior space without hermetic sealing with a light transmitting aperture 802 for the light emitting diode; however, this is not relevant, since only the components of the printed circuit board that handle the direct current signals do not emit electromagnetic radiation to the external environment; it is also immune to electromagnetic radiation from the external environment, since the direct current does not react to high frequency electromagnetic radiation signals. These embodiments of the present invention both allow led display operation and maintain a fully effective electromagnetic radiation shield. Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of one example of a further embodiment of the invention that may be extended for use by an experienced engineer. The printed circuit board may be rectangular, square, round or other shape or size, for example 5x3 cm, 4x2 cm, 6x3 cm, etc.; the metal housing may be rectangular, round or any shape; the partition wall may be straight, curved or any shape; the area of the printed circuit board that is separated may be 2,3,4 or any number of areas; the material of the metal shield may be copper, tin, aluminum or any other metal; may be a thin shell, a metal paper or other metal. All of these embodiment options are within the scope and purpose of the present invention.

Communication cable with high capacitance in the prior art

Referring to fig. 9, a cross-sectional view 900 of a prior art USB AOC fiber optic cable dispersion is representatively illustrated. This prior art wire has a center-line set 908 of four optical fibers 907 encased together in a non-conductive film. Several copper wires 905, each surrounded by an insulating layer 906, constitute an insulated conductor 904, uniformly distributed around the periphery of the center wire set 908. All of these conductors 905 and central fiber optic strands 908 are encased together in a thin non-conductive material, such as paper or PVC film, to form a dispersion core; they are then encased by one or more layers of conductor material 903, such as aluminum braid or aluminum foil, to form an overall shield to prevent leakage of internal electromagnetic radiation to the outside and also to prevent external electromagnetic radiation from entering. Finally, the integral wire sheath 901 encloses all the elements inside to form a protection. The experienced engineer will note that the distance between the conductor 905 and the integral shield 903 may be very small, since there is only a very thin conductor insulation 906 of only 0.1 or 0.15 or 0.2 mm, and also a very thin integral insulation 902. The capacitance between conductor 905 and the integral shield 903 is inversely proportional to the distance between them. Thus, in this design the distance between them is the smallest of the various possibilities and that capacitance is the largest of the various possibilities. The time delay of the signal transmitted in the wire is determined by this formula: t=rc, where R is the line impedance and C is the line capacitance. Typically this impedance is a fixed value specified by specifications like HDMI or USB. This prior art in fig. 9 maximizes C, and then t is also maximized. This may make the communication mode sensitive to time differences, such as the commonly used I2C (inter-chip communication specification), not work properly. Also, the highest frequencies of a system with resistance and capacitance are: f=1/(2pi RC); here again, the higher the capacitance, the lower the maximum frequency at which the system can send out a signal. The prior art design of fig. 9, in turn, limits the communication bandwidth of the cable made using the wire dispersion. Further, this capacitance is proportional to the length of the cable; the longer the cable, the greater the capacitance. This design causes greater time delay for the long line and more bandwidth limitations, which are not needed.

Embodiments of the invention: AOC optical fiber loose wire with reduced capacitance

Referring to fig. 10, a cross-section 1000 of an active optical fiber AOC wire 1001 is representatively illustrated in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the previous description of the wire-break structure of fig. 9, four optical fibers 1007 are wrapped together by thin non-conductor paper to form a fiber centerline group 1008; several copper wires are individually surrounded by an insulating layer to form insulated wires 1001, which are distributed around the periphery of the optical fiber wire groups 1008. All of these elements are encased in a non-conductive material 1002, followed by a unitary wire jacket. The difference is that the integral shielding layer 903 in fig. 9 is not present. This is the USB 2.0 signal that carries the d+ and D-pins in a differential (balanced) manner as described above. The balanced signal driving circuit format minimizes external radiation of the signal conductor pair of USB 2.0; it also minimizes the interference of the external electromagnetic to these USB 2.0 wire pairs because the far-end receiving circuit will only receive the difference in the signals on these two wires and the interference will be cancelled. The much higher frequency signals of USB 3.2 are converted to optical signals for transmission over optical fiber 1007. These fibers do not have any problems with electromagnetic radiation. The remaining wires are wires connected to the Vbus pin, which is a direct current signal, and there is no problem of electromagnetic radiation. These designs of embodiments of the present invention allow the wire 1001 to meet the specification requirements for electromagnetic radiation without the need for an integral shielding layer 903. This means that the distance between the wire 1005 and the integral shield that is not already present here is very large, so that the capacitance between them is the smallest of the various possibilities, which is a significant improvement. The measured capacitance of the loose wire 1005 and system ground of embodiments of the present invention is reduced by up to ten times. Thus, the time delay of the system communication is reduced by ten times, the maximum bandwidth of the system communication is increased by ten times, and the main problems of the USB-C cable transmission signals are solved.

Embodiments of the invention: internal power supply circuit of long-distance direct-current converter in long line

Referring to fig. 11, a block diagram 1100 of internal power circuitry within a long USB-C cable of one embodiment of the present invention is representatively illustrated. A USB-C male plug 1102 at the cable signal source and a USB-C male plug 1104 at the display are connected by Vbus conductors 1106 and the newly added Vint conductors 1128 of the present invention, respectively. At least one DC-DC converter circuit and other new circuits not present in the USB-C specification or other cable types achieve power transmission over long distance cables by controlling current with high voltage. These dc-dc converter circuits may comprise from 1 to 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, or 10 or more dc-dc converter circuits, collectively referred to herein as "long-range dc converter circuits". In a preferred embodiment example, the first dc-dc converter 1110 receives dc power (shown in a voltage range of 5 to 48 volts, most commonly 5 volts) from the Vbus line on the display side and converts it to an internal dc voltage, in this example 20 volts. The higher voltage power source is transmitted from the display end to the signal source end through a long cable, and has less loss than the original 5-volt power source, so that the identification and handshaking of the signal source equipment are helped to achieve signal transmission. For example, if the display is powered at 5 volts, only 3 volts remains after a 50 meter long line to the source device, and this is not sufficient for identification and handshaking. This problem is solved by raising this voltage to say 20 volts with a dc-dc converter circuit, since the higher the voltage, the smaller the current and thus the smaller the losses on the long line, for the same mains power. Another or a second dc-dc converter 1114 converts this internal dc voltage to the voltage required by the source device, in this case 5 volts. In other examples of embodiments of the invention, the dc-dc converters may convert incoming about 5 volts, about 9 volts, about 15 volts, about 20 volts, etc., to about 10 volts, 15 volts, 20 volts, 24 volts, 36 volts, 48 volts, etc., and then to about 5 volts, 9 volts, 15 volts, 20 volts, etc. The skilled engineer will understand that these dc-dc converters can be designed to any voltage according to the required voltage to meet the requirements of the different examples. This power from dc-dc converter 1114 will power fiber optic circuit 1118 within the cable. Fiber optic cable circuits for commercial consumer electronics are known to require such low voltages as 5.7 volts. This internal dc voltage is set to 20 volts in the example of one embodiment of the present invention, dc-dc converter 1112 at the far-end signal source that is transmitted through Vint conductor 1128. This Vint wire 1128 is a new element of one embodiment of the present invention, and the present USB-C cable and connector do not have this wire. Another or third dc-dc converter 1112 converts the voltage from the Vint wire inside the loose wire to the voltage required by the internal circuitry of the source cable, in this case 5 volts. This power from dc-dc converter 1112 then drives two circuits: 1) An internal fiber optic circuit 1116; 2) A circuit of an external signal source device connected to the USB-C plug 1102; this path is through a diode 1120 or other element or circuit with the same function, which automatically turns off the voltage on the Vbus line when it is higher than the voltage from dc-dc converter 1112.

Advantages of the embodiment of the long-range dc converter circuit of the present invention shown in fig. 11 include, but are not limited to: 1) The optical fiber circuit can supply power to the signal source end and the display end inside the long wire; 2) The device (such as a notebook computer) externally connected with the signal source end can be charged; 3) Since the voltage is four times higher (20 v vs. 5 v), the current is four times smaller and the associated wires can be 16 times smaller, so that the cable will be thinner and more flexible.

Shown in fig. 11 is only one example of an embodiment of the present invention; the direction of power delivery of the internal power supply circuit, the internal voltage values, circuits that can achieve similar functions as diode 1120, the dc-dc converters 1110, 1114, 1112, etc., and the circuit formats of the internal fiber optic circuits 1116 and 1118, etc., are within the scope of the present invention.

For example, USB or HDMI or DP or other cable and connected devices may use the specification of the long range dc conversion circuit of the present invention or other at least 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 or more dc-dc converters in different applications. Commercial applications include, but are not limited to, video devices, network devices, medical devices, and the like. Those long-range dc conversion circuit block diagrams include converting dc voltage in any format to a different dc voltage for long-range cable power transmission. In other embodiments, the input voltage of the dc-dc converter may be about 5 volts, about 9 volts, about 15 volts, about 20 volts, or about 48 volts. Other similar internal power circuits, voltages, circuit formats, and the functions of such internal power circuits (e.g., 1116 and 1118) to power circuits (fiber optic cable or otherwise), which may be active cable circuits, microprocessors, other cable types other than USB-C, including but not limited to HDMI, DP, lightning (Lightning), ethernet cable, etc., are within the scope of one of the embodiments of the present invention.

Embodiments of the invention: vbus line switch circuit compatible with traditional product upgrading in long line

Referring to FIG. 12, a block diagram 1200 of a long USB-C cable internal Vbus switching circuit is representatively illustrated in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The circuit of this embodiment includes elements 1235, 1231, 1208, 1233, 1234, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, (collectively conventional product upgrade compliant circuits) that can be used to compensate for power loss on the long line by the display delivering more power than is required by the signal source device when connected to a display device of the USB 3.X version of a signal source device of a conventional USB format (say version 2.X, etc.). Here, the analog upgrade circuit tells the display device that it is connected to a USB 3.X device, rather than the actual conventional USB 2.X or earlier device. The signal source device can thus request more power from the display through the long-range dc converter circuit. Thus, the problem that the old traditional equipment transmits signals through long wires is solved.

In this example of fig. 12, male connector 1202 connected to the signal source device and male connector 1204 connected to the display are connected together by a flex line comprising Vbus conductor 1206, ground 1240 and Vint internal power conductor 1228. The Vbus conductor 1206 at the signal source and the Vbus conductor at the display are connected together by a MOSFET 1235, the Gate (Gate) of which is biased by resistor 1233 from the signal source and resistor 1234 from the display to place MOSFET 1235 in a conductive state in most cases. The base of a transistor 1237 is biased by a resistor 1232 through a zener diode 1239. The base of the other transistor 1236 is biased by a resistor 1231 through a zener diode 1238. The collector of this transistor 1236 controls the base of MOSFET 1235. The breakdown voltage of zener diode 1238 is selected to be lower than the breakdown voltage of zener diode 1239; thus, when the voltage on the Vbus conductor at the display is lower than the voltage of zener diode 1238 or higher than the voltage of zener diode 1239, transistor 1236 is open and MOSFET 1235 is turned on, and Vbus conductors 1206 and 1208 on both sides are tied together as one conductor. This state ensures that the identification or handshake between devices at the start of the switch-on can succeed. Transistor 1236 turns on only when the voltage on the Vbus conductor 1208 on the display side is between the voltages of zener diodes 1238 and 1239, cutting off the gate voltage of MOSFET 1235, thereby cutting off the connection between conductor 1206 on the source side of the Vbus signal and conductor 1208 on the display side. This allows the Vbus conductor to have different voltages on the display side and the signal source side under the communication management of the PD tube adapter via the CC conductor after handshaking communication. Although the embodiment of fig. 12 uses MOSFETs as switches, triodes as controls, zener diodes as voltage selections, 18 volts and 22 volts as examples, any elements, values, circuits, etc. that achieve similar functions as described in fig. 12 and the present patent application should be considered as one of the embodiments of the present patent application and should be within the scope of the present patent application. For example, HDMI, DP, ethernet cable, etc., use similar conventional product compatible upgrade circuits, and are not limited to long distance power transmission applications in different applications. Commercial applications include, but are not limited to, HDMI remote powering of connected devices, ethernet remote powering of connected devices, medical specialty cables remote powering of connected devices, etc., as well as special legacy product compatible upgrade circuit block diagrams with similar dc-to-dc converters or similar circuits that change dc voltage for long distance power delivery.

Embodiments of the invention: PD electricity pipe adapter little tail

Referring to fig. 13, a circuit block diagram 1300 of a PD tube adapter according to one embodiment of the present invention is representatively illustrated. In this example, the PD tube adapter has a female USB-C receptacle 1306 and a male USB-C plug 1314 and a stub 1310 connecting them. An example of this embodiment may be a short, say about 10 cm or similar length, small tail cable for connection between a long active or fiber optic cable and a signal source or display device to address a number of common different incompatibility issues. Within the product body with female USB-C receptacle 1306 is a printed circuit board PCB 1308. The printed circuit board 1308 contains a PD transistor controller chip 1316 and peripheral components therein, as well as firmware built into the chip 1316, which is essentially a central processing unit CPU. This PD controller 1316 communicates with the connected USB-C device through CC pin 1330 on the female jack 1306. This PD controller 1316 also communicates with the connected USB-C device via CC pin 1348 of the male plug 1314. This prevents direct communication between the device connected to the female jack 1306 and the device connected to the male plug, but allows the PD controller to communicate with the two devices separately, giving different parameters. This flexibility in communication of different parameters for the signal source device and the display device allows the PD-tube adapter to correct or solve many different incompatibility problems that may be associated with directly connecting the signal source and the display with long or lengthy cables. In one embodiment, if the display device sends 20 volts without reading a request from the long USB-C cable in the E-marker chip to the Vbus line for 5 volts, causing the problem of the system constantly cycling between power on and off, the addition of this PD tube adapter may force the display device to send 5 volts on the Vbus line, thereby operating the system. In another example, if the display device sends a voltage on the near-end and the far-end signal source device receives a voltage lower than it from the Vbus line and sends an error message to the display, the system enters an infinitely cycled switching period, and a PD tube adapter is added between them to communicate with the signal source and the display, respectively. In another embodiment of the invention, an optional video Controller (DP Controller) microprocessor chip 1317 manages the number of channels in the USB-C signal channel used to transmit DP video between the input and output of the adapter. Also, firmware and upgrades are embodiments of the present invention that solve problems with circuits and components. The firmware of these PD adapters may be installed after the product is sold and at the customer's business, and later on, so that manufacturers later find new incompatibility problems and solutions, which can send out upgraded firmware worldwide to solve these new incompatibility problems. Although fig. 13 shows only one embodiment of a PD tube adapter with one stub cable, one female, one male, all other embodiments with but not limited to a long wire in which this circuit is located, a signal source device, a display device are within the scope of the present patent application. While this patent application only lists two possible problems of incompatibility of the USB-C system and examples of solving these problems with the PD-added power adapter, there are many other problems of compatibility caused by the USB specification not taking into account the long wire or by the device manufacturer when designing the device, and it is within the scope of this patent application to use the method of the present invention to use different parameters for the two devices by adding the PD-added power adapter and installing updated firmware between the signal source and the display. Embodiments that address these incompatibility problems include, but are not limited to: 1) Reading brands and product models from an E-marker electronic identification chip of a connected USB-C cable; 2) In the case of a known long AOC fiber optic cable, 5 volts is required to the Vbus conductor to tell the source device to accept 5 volts; 3) In the case of a known short AOC fiber optic cable or active cable, changing the data of the CC conductors to allow the system to operate; 4) If the signal source device is a camera that requires 5 volts 0.9 amps, changing the power requirement to 5 volts 1.5 amps (or other maximum current that the display can provide at 5 volts), requesting the display for this change; 5) Other problem solving functions are added after the future incompatible problems.

Claims (10)

1. A communications cable comprising:

a cable comprising at least one first end and at least one second end and at least one jacket;

a plurality of wires are arranged in the cable;

at least two connectors, one at each end of the cable;

at least one printed circuit board is located beside each of the at least two connectors, or somewhere between the cables, or on the cables not far from each of the at least two connectors, each printed circuit board further comprising a part or all of the underlying first set of circuitry and/or second set of circuitry;

the first set of circuitry includes:

at least one ac coupling capacitor at least one end of the cable for isolating a potential difference of a device ground connected at both ends of the long wire;

a signal transmitting circuit on the printed circuit board at least one end of the cable that converts the data signal into a balanced signal for long-range transmission;

a signal receiving circuit on the printed circuit board at least one end of the cable that converts the balanced signal to an original signal format;

the second set of circuitry includes:

a first DC-DC converter circuit on at least one printed circuit board at one end of the cable for changing the supply voltage to a voltage up to several times higher, to the other end of the cable through a wire inside the cable;

A second dc-dc converter circuit on at least one printed circuit board at the other end of the cable, which converts the supply voltage to the same voltage as originally coming in from the other end, or a voltage set by the user according to the requirements of the equipment connected to this end.

2. The communications cable of claim 1, further comprising:

one or more fibre channels, wherein the cable is a USB-C3.2 AOC (active optical fibre cable),

and/or wherein the USB-C3.2 signal and/or the DP (DisplayPort) signal are transmitted using a fibre channel,

and/or wherein the legacy USB 2.0 signal is transmitted by an optional ac-coupled balanced signal drive circuit;

and/or further dc-dc conversion converts the incoming voltage of about 5 volts, about 9 volts, or about 20 volts to about up to 48 volts, providing a long wire to the other end, and then to the same voltage as the incoming voltage, or a voltage selected by the user.

The format of the cable may be selected from USB, HDMI, DP, SDI, IEEE 1394,Thunderbolt,Lighting cables, or other formats, or a hybrid format thereof.

3. A pair of communication cable power delivery adapters (Dongles), comprising:

A cable having a first end and a second end for transmitting digital signals;

first and second power delivery adapters connected to the first and second ends of the cable, respectively;

each power delivery adapter further includes:

a power transmission adapter body;

first and second connectors;

wherein the first or second or both power delivery adapters have a first connector for insertion of a cable;

a second or third short cable permanently connected to the first or second or both power delivery adapter bodies, respectively;

at the other end of the second and third short cables coming out of the first or second or both power transmission adapter bodies, there are each a second connector for connecting with a device other than the power transmission adapter system;

wherein each power delivery adapter includes at least one printed circuit board, and the printed circuit board of each power delivery adapter further includes some or all of the following circuit groups thereon:

the DC-DC converter raises the incoming DC power up to several times, and then sends the DC power with changed voltage to the other end of the first cable through the power wire of the cable;

another DC-DC converter circuit in the first or second power transmission adapter connected to the other end of the first cable, the second DC-DC converter circuit converting the power supply voltage back to the original power supply voltage from outside the first cable or to a power supply voltage set by the user of the external device connected to the power transmission adapter;

An optional electric tube controller can be connected between the external equipment and the long wire, different voltages can be applied to power supply pins at two ends of the long wire through a communication wire, and different compatibility problems can be solved through the communication wire;

there may also be an optional signal driving circuit comprising a coupling capacitor, which converts the single-ended signal into a balanced signal suitable for long-range transmission, and uses an ac-coupled capacitor to block the potentially large ground differential potential of the different devices to which the first and second ends of the first cable are connected;

and a signal receiving circuit inside the first or second power transmitting adapter connected to the first or second end of the cable, wherein the signal receiving circuit converts the balanced signal back to the original signal format.

4. A pair of communications power adapters for use in accordance with claim 3 wherein the connector on the power adapter body is a USB-C female socket; the connector permanently connected to the other end of the second or third short cable of the first or second power adapter is a USB-C male plug;

wherein the first cable is a USB-C active fiber optic cable (AOC), further comprising:

One or more fibre channels through which USB 3.2 data signals and/or DP (DisplayPort) video signals are transmitted,

and/or one or more copper wire channels, wherein legacy USB 2.0 signals are transmitted by the converted ac-coupled balanced signals in the power adapter through the copper wire channels;

and/or a dc-dc converter circuit that converts about 5 volts, about 9 volts, about 15 volts, or about 20 volts and up to about 48 volts from the power delivery adapter to a voltage that is the same as the incoming power supply voltage or a user-set voltage on another power delivery adapter connected thereto.

5. A locking sleeve, comprising:

an inner cavity, the front end of which is provided with an opening into which a male plug of a cable can slide;

the bottom of the inner cavity is provided with a wire scattering part which can slide into the inner cavity upwards;

the upper edge of the inner cavity is connected with a long and wide flat tongue which extends forwards and extends out of the inner cavity of the oversleeve,

the long and broad tongue further comprises:

a round hole allowing the safety screw to penetrate from top to bottom is formed in the front end of the tongue;

when a plug of a cable is inserted into a socket of a cable accessory, the locking sleeve can slide downwards from a scattered line position where the cable leaves the plug to cover the scattered line, then slide forwards until the cable plug body is covered, the tongue slides onto the cable accessory body, and then a safety screw penetrates through a round hole in the tongue from top to bottom to be screwed into a corresponding screw hole in the cable accessory body, so that permanent locking of the cable plug and the cable accessory body is formed.

6. A cable dispersion for a communications cable according to claim 1 wherein the communications conductor is encased within the overall jacket of the dispersion, wherein there is no overall shielding foil or metal braid encased outside the overall bundle of conductors.

7. A long-range dc conversion circuit, comprising:

long scattered wire with wire;

each end of the long scattered wire is provided with a male end plug or a female end socket;

first and second devices connected to the long wire;

the long-distance direct current conversion circuit further includes:

a first DC-DC converter converts the power supply voltage sent by the external equipment connected with the near end of the long wire into an internal power supply voltage with different voltages;

the internal power is sent to the far end of the long wire through the internal power lead of the scattered wire;

a second DC-DC converter inside the long-wire far-end converts the internal power supply sent from the first DC-DC converter through the long wire into a power supply voltage required by the long-wire far-end internal circuit;

wherein the power supply of the converted voltage also supplies power to a second external device connected to the far end of the long wire;

the circuit of this cable also includes an or circuit consisting of diodes or equivalent elements that allows only the higher voltage of the two of the voltage converted internal power supply through the loose wire internal power supply wire and the standard power supply through the loose wire standard power supply wire without voltage conversion to be supplied by the external device connected to the remote end.

8. The long-range dc converter circuit of claim 7, further comprising a legacy format upgrade circuit comprising:

an electronic switch between the proximal and distal ends of the loose wire standard power conductor,

a control circuit at the proximal end of the long wire for determining any connection of the circuit based on the standard supply line voltage,

when the voltage of the near end of the standard power wire is in a certain range, the control circuit can switch on the electronic switch, so that the near end and the far end of the standard power wire of the long wire are connected into one wire;

when the proximal voltage of the standard power conductor is in another range, the control circuit turns off the electronic switch, disconnecting the proximal and distal ends of the loose wire standard power conductor, thus allowing the proximal and distal ends of the standard power conductor to have different power supplies.

9. A tube adapter, comprising:

a connector body;

a first end and a second end;

the socket comprises a female end socket, a male end plug and a short loose wire for connecting the female end and the male end;

a communication wire in the stub;

a printed circuit board with a microprocessor called a power transmission controller inside one end of the electric tube adapter, wherein the power transmission controller is communicated with the equipment connected with the female end socket and the equipment connected with the male end plug respectively by different parameters through communication wires,

There may also be an optional microprocessor called a DP controller between the input and output of this adapter for managing several of the four high frequency signal paths of the USB-C for transmitting DP video signals.

And the firmware of the electric tube adapter can be written in the factory or updated and written by a user later to expand the solving range of the compatibility problem or add new functions.

10. A long communication cable, comprising:

a cable comprising a plurality of conductors, wherein one conductor is an electrical internal conductor (Vint);

at least two connectors for connecting the signal source device and the display device;

the plurality of circuits further includes:

at least one long-range dc-dc converter circuit, wherein the first dc-dc converter steps up the voltage from the connected display device to a specified voltage; the second DC-DC converter circuit reduces the specified voltage to a voltage required by the first group of optoelectronic circuits in the cable; the third DC-DC converter reduces the specified voltage to a voltage required by the second group of photoelectric circuits;

there may also be an optional old signal upgrade circuit;

there may be an option to move part or all of the circuitry in the power delivery adapter of claim 3 and/or the tube adapter of claim 9 into the long communication cable, so that the long communication cable may achieve the same function without the need for an external power delivery adapter and/or tube adapter;

There may also be an optional long-range balanced signal driver and transmitter circuit;

there may also be an optional at least two active fiber optic cable circuits.