CN117650310A - Thermal safety system and power battery - Google Patents
Thermal safety system and power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN117650310A CN117650310A CN202311744367.XA CN202311744367A CN117650310A CN 117650310 A CN117650310 A CN 117650310A CN 202311744367 A CN202311744367 A CN 202311744367A CN 117650310 A CN117650310 A CN 117650310A
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- heat exchange
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power batteries and discloses a thermal safety system and a power battery, wherein the thermal safety system comprises a first heat exchange assembly, the first heat exchange assembly comprises two hollow current collectors, and a plurality of heat exchange plates are arranged between the two current collectors; the heat exchange plate comprises a thermal runaway inhibitor and at least one heat exchange piece, wherein two ends of the heat exchange piece are respectively communicated with the two current collectors; through with thermal runaway inhibitor cover ground arrange in the top of explosion-proof valve, works as when battery module assembly's battery touches the thermal runaway, thermal runaway inhibitor can be fused to make the liquid medium in the heat transfer circuit spray out of control battery position, play initiative cooling effect, in order to reach the purpose of quick cooling to the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, in particular to a heat safety system based on heat exchange and a power battery.
Background
Aiming at power battery thermal management and thermal safety design thereof, most of the prior art schemes adopt a single-sided cloth replacement hot plate to exchange heat for the battery, and heat insulation materials are arranged between battery monomers for thermal insulation protection, however, the prior art has the following problems:
firstly, most of the prior art adopts a heat exchange system designed at the bottom of a battery, which is limited by the size of a heat exchange area, has lower heat exchange efficiency and cannot meet the requirement of high-rate charge and discharge; some manufacturers also adopt a side cooling scheme, although the heat exchange area is increased compared with the bottom surface, the heat exchange efficiency is still low because the heat conductivity coefficient of the battery in the thickness direction is smaller (the heat conductivity coefficient is generally smaller than 1W/m.k), and particularly, the heat exchange effect of the large-capacity battery with larger thickness is also greatly reduced.
Secondly, for the thermal safety protection design, a heat insulation material is generally arranged between batteries in the prior art, namely a passive protection scheme is generally adopted, and the scheme has a certain effect on the aspect of preventing the heat spreading in the thickness direction of the batteries, however, for a thermal runaway trigger battery, particularly a high-nickel ternary battery, the heat reaching thousands of degrees celsius sprayed instantly can not be rapidly discharged out of the box body, the heat accumulation can inevitably lead to the rapid temperature rise of other batteries, and further, a plurality of batteries are triggered to be in thermal runaway in succession, so that the reliability of a battery system and the safety of a vehicle are influenced. Therefore, how to actively cool down when the battery is out of control in the process of triggering heat, so as to achieve the purpose of rapidly cooling down the battery, is an important problem facing the thermal safety design of the battery system.
In view of the requirement of the current industry on high energy density of the battery, the current power battery has compact structural design, so how to simultaneously meet the problems of high-efficiency heat exchange and heat safety design of the battery thermal management on the basis of not changing the space utilization rate of the current battery system is a technical challenge facing the whole industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a thermal safety system and a power cell, which solve or at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems in the background art.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a thermal safety system comprising: a first heat exchange assembly laid on a first surface of the battery module assembly;
the first heat exchange assembly comprises two hollow current collectors, and a plurality of heat exchange plates are arranged between the two current collectors along a first direction; the heat exchange plate comprises a thermal runaway inhibitor and at least one heat exchange piece, wherein two ends of the heat exchange piece are respectively communicated with the two current collectors;
the two hollow current collectors comprise a front current collector and a rear current collector; the front-end current collector is communicated with a liquid inlet pipeline, one end of the thermal runaway inhibitor is communicated with a liquid outlet pipeline, and the other end of the thermal runaway inhibitor is communicated with the rear-end current collector so as to realize the communication between the thermal runaway inhibitor and the heat exchange piece;
the thermal runaway inhibitor is used for being arranged on an explosion-proof valve of a battery of the battery module assembly in a covering mode, and when the battery of the battery module assembly is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway inhibitor can be fused.
Optionally, the front end current collector fixed mounting has the export adaptor, the one end vertical fixation intercommunication of liquid pipeline in one side of export adaptor, the fixed intercommunication of rear end current collector has the collection adaptor, thermal runaway suppression piece both ends respectively with export adaptor with collect the adaptor and dismantle and be connected, in order to realize thermal runaway suppression piece's fixed and intercommunication.
Optionally, the thermal runaway inhibitor includes openings respectively disposed at two ends, and a telescopic section disposed between the two openings, and a mounting groove surrounding the opening is formed at an edge of the opening, and the mounting groove is used for being spliced with the outlet adaptor or the collecting adaptor;
the amount of expansion of the expansion section along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is at least greater than the lesser of the insertion lengths of the mounting groove and the outlet adapter, the mounting groove and the collection adapter along the second direction.
Optionally, a plurality of claws are convexly arranged on the inner wall of the groove at one side of the mounting groove far away from the opening; the outlet adapter and the collecting adapter are fixedly communicated with the thermal runaway inhibitor, and a limiting groove for clamping the clamping jaw is formed in the outer wall of one end of the outlet adapter and the collecting adapter, which corresponds to the clamping jaw; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
the sealing device is characterized in that a plurality of sealing grooves surrounding the opening are formed in the groove wall of one side, close to the opening, of the mounting groove, sealing rings are arranged in the sealing grooves, and the inner walls of one ends, fixedly communicated with the thermal runaway inhibitor, of the outlet adapter and the collecting adapter correspond to the sealing grooves and are propped against the sealing rings.
Optionally, the thermal runaway inhibitor is made of plastic, and the heat exchange piece and the current collector are made of metal;
the melting point of the thermal runaway inhibitor is less than the melting point of the heat exchange member;
the thermal runaway inhibitor has a thermal conductivity less than the thermal conductivity of the heat exchange member.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a power cell comprising a battery module assembly, and a thermal safety system as described above;
the first surface of the battery module assembly is provided with an insulating isolation plate for bearing the first heat exchange assembly and fixing the thermal runaway inhibitor;
the battery module assembly comprises a plurality of batteries, a busbar electrically connected with the batteries and an FPC, wherein an explosion-proof valve is arranged on one side surface of the busbar, the busbar and the FPC are respectively arranged on the first side surface of the insulating isolation plate far away from the batteries, a heat insulating piece is abutted to one side of the insulating isolation plate far away from the FPC, the heat insulating piece is fixedly bonded with the thermal runaway inhibiting piece, and the heat insulating piece comprises a rectangular frame to expose the explosion-proof valve, so that the explosion-proof valve corresponds to the thermal runaway inhibiting piece.
Optionally, an avoidance gap is arranged between the thermal runaway inhibitor and the adjacent heat exchange piece;
the insulating isolation plate is provided with a plurality of buckles corresponding to the positions of the avoidance gaps respectively, and the buckles extend out of one side, far away from the insulating isolation plate, of the thermal runaway inhibitor through the avoidance gaps and buckle the thermal runaway inhibitor.
Optionally, mounting plates are respectively arranged at two ends of the battery module assembly; the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of fixing parts for fixing the first heat exchange component;
the front-end current collector and the rear-end current collector are respectively provided with a connecting part corresponding to the fixing parts, and the connecting parts are fixedly connected with the fixing parts through bolts.
Optionally, an exhaust groove is formed on a surface of the heat insulating member, which is close to at least one end of the current collector and is close to the thermal runaway inhibitor, so as to communicate the inside and the outside of the rectangular frame, and the groove depth of the exhaust groove meets the following functional relationship:
h＝λ*e 0.25*d+0.86 ；
wherein h is the groove depth of the exhaust groove; lambda is a correction coefficient and the value is 0.01-0.3; d is the distance between the explosion valve of the battery and the bottom of the thermal runaway inhibitor.
Optionally, the second surface of the battery module assembly opposite to the first surface is glued with a second heat exchange assembly through a heat conducting structure, a punching plate flow channel is arranged in the second heat exchange assembly in a roundabout way, and two ends of the punching plate flow channel are respectively communicated with the liquid inlet pipeline and the liquid outlet pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the scheme, the heat exchange part and the thermal runaway inhibition part form a heat exchange loop for radiating the battery module assembly through the current collector, a low-temperature liquid medium enters the heat exchange part from the liquid inlet pipeline and flows out to the liquid outlet pipeline through the thermal runaway inhibition part, so that the purposes of heat exchange and radiation are achieved; the thermal runaway inhibitor is arranged above the explosion-proof valve in a covering manner, when the battery of the battery module component is in contact with the thermal runaway, the thermal runaway inhibitor can be fused, so that a liquid medium in the heat exchange loop is sprayed to the position of the battery which is out of control, and the active cooling effect is achieved, so that the purpose of cooling the battery is achieved rapidly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a first perspective view perspective structure diagram of a power battery according to the present embodiment;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of the first heat exchange assembly according to the present embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange member according to the present embodiment;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of a second view angle of the power battery according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a part of the thermal safety system according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a thermal runaway inhibitor and adapter assembly connection assembly according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the cross-section A-A of FIG. 8;
fig. 10 is an exploded construction view of a power battery according to the present embodiment;
fig. 11 is an exploded view of a battery module assembly according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure within the dashed line box of FIG. 1;
fig. 13 is a perspective view of a third view of a power battery according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of a part of the structure of the heat insulating member provided in the present embodiment.
Fig. 15 is an enlarged view of a part of the structure of the thermal runaway inhibitor provided by the present embodiment.
In the figure:
10. a battery module assembly; 11. a battery; 12. an FPC; 13. a heat insulating member; 131. an exhaust groove; 110. a fixing part; 14. an insulating spacer; 141. a buckle; 15. a busbar; 16. a copper bar;
20. a first heat exchange assembly; 201. a connection part; 21. a front-end current collector; 22. a rear-end current collector; 23. a thermal runaway inhibitor; 231. a claw; 232. a seal ring; 233. a telescoping section; 2301. an opening; 2302. a mounting groove; 24. a heat exchange member; 241. a branch pipe; 25. an outlet adaptor; 251. a limit groove; 26. collecting the adapter; 261. a suppressor communication hole;
30. a second heat exchange assembly; 31. stamping plate flow channels;
40. a heat conducting structural adhesive;
51. a liquid inlet pipeline; 52. and a liquid outlet pipeline.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first perspective view of a power battery according to the present embodiment, and fig. 2 is an exploded view of the first heat exchange assembly 20 in fig. 1.
The thermal safety system shown in this embodiment includes:
a first heat exchange member 20 laid on a first surface of the battery module assembly 10; for ease of understanding, the first surface is the upper surface of the battery module assembly 10 of fig. 1;
specifically, the first heat exchange assembly 20 includes two hollow current collectors, and a plurality of heat exchange plates are disposed between the two current collectors along a first direction; the heat exchange plate comprises a hollow thermal runaway inhibitor 23 and at least one heat exchange piece 24 with two ends respectively communicated with the two current collectors; referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat exchange member provided in this embodiment, and as shown in fig. 3, the heat exchange member 24 includes a plurality of branch pipes 241 connected in parallel;
for ease of description, the two current collectors are defined or named front-end current collector 21 and back-end current collector 22, respectively;
with continued reference to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a perspective view of a second view angle of a power battery according to the present embodiment;
the front end current collector 21 is communicated with a liquid inlet pipeline 51, one end of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is communicated with a liquid outlet pipeline 52, and the other end of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is communicated with the rear end current collector 22 so as to realize the communication between the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 and the heat exchange piece 24;
the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is arranged to cover the explosion-proof valve of the battery module assembly 10, and the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 can be fused when the battery of the battery module assembly 10 triggers thermal runaway.
The heat exchange loop for radiating the battery module assembly 10 is formed by the heat exchange piece 24 and the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 through the current collector, and is used for heat exchange with the first surface of the battery module assembly 10, a heat exchange medium enters the front current collector 21 from the liquid inlet pipeline 51, enters the heat exchange piece 24 in parallel from the front current collector 21, flows into the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 through the rear current collector 22, finally flows out from the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 to the liquid outlet pipeline 52, and performs heat exchange with the first surface of the battery module assembly 10 through heat exchange when the heat exchange medium flows through the heat exchange piece 24 and the thermal runaway inhibitor 23, so that the purpose of heat exchange is achieved. In order to ensure heat exchange balance among the heat exchange pieces 24, two heat exchange pieces 24 are adjacently arranged on two sides of each thermal runaway inhibitor 23 along the first direction, so that each flow channel of the first heat exchange assembly 20 enters the heat exchange pieces 24 arranged on two sides of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 from the front-end current collector 21, then the rear-end current collector 22 is converged into the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 and led out, and the two heat exchange pieces 24 are arranged on a busbar connected with positive and negative poles of a battery of the battery module assembly 10 in a covering manner, thereby ensuring that the flow track of the two heat exchange pieces 24 basically keeps consistent, reducing the influence of the difference of the flow channel track on the temperature difference of the battery, avoiding adopting a loop-back design, and having larger temperature difference along the direction of the flow track due to the large length of the flow track.
In addition, arrange thermal runaway inhibitor 23 with covering on all explosion-proof valves of battery module assembly 10, when the certain battery of battery module assembly 10 touches the thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve of this battery explodes, thermal runaway inhibitor 23 corresponds the position of blasting explosion-proof valve and can be fused to make the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer circuit flow out and spray the position of out of control battery through the fusing position, play initiative cooling, prevent the effect that heat spread, compare in prior art, this scheme is on the basis of realizing the heat transfer, can reach the effect of cooling to the battery fast through the mode of initiative cooling. The thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is disposed over the explosion-proof valve of the battery, the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 being disposed over the battery when the explosion-proof valve is disposed on the upper cover of the battery, the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 being disposed under the battery when the explosion-proof valve is disposed on the lower cover of the battery.
With continued reference to fig. 5-7, fig. 5 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of a thermal safety system according to the present embodiment, and fig. 6 and fig. 7 are enlarged views of a part of the structure in fig. 2, respectively;
specifically, the front end current collector 21 is fixedly provided with an outlet adaptor 25, one end of the liquid outlet pipeline 52 is vertically and fixedly communicated with one side of the outlet adaptor 25, the rear end current collector 22 is fixedly communicated with a collecting adaptor 26, and two ends of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 are respectively clamped and connected with the outlet adaptor 25 and the collecting adaptor 26, so that the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is fixed and communicated. It will be appreciated that the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is held by the outlet adapter 25 and the collecting adapter 26 to be fixed so as to restrict its movement in the second direction in which the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 extends, while the outlet adapter 25 and the front-end current collector 21 are closely connected so that the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 communicating with the outlet adapter 25 is not communicating with the front-stage current collector 21, and the collecting adapter 26 and the rear-end current collector 22 are communicating so that the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 communicating with the collecting adapter 26 is communicating with the rear-end current collector 22. Wherein the second direction (i.e., the direction indicated by the double-headed arrow in fig. 2) is perpendicular to the first direction, i.e., the length direction of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23.
Fig. 6-9 are combined, wherein fig. 8 is a top view of a connection assembly composed of a thermal runaway inhibitor and an adapter according to the present embodiment, and fig. 9 is a schematic view of a cross section A-A in fig. 8;
to improve the convenience of installation and maintenance of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23, both ends of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 are detachably connected to the outlet adapter 25 and the collecting adapter 26, respectively. Openings 2301 are respectively formed at both ends of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23; the edge of the opening 2301 is provided with a mounting groove 2302 surrounding the opening 2301; the mounting groove 2302 is used to mate with the outlet adapter 25 or the collection adapter 26. After the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 melts, the removal of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is achieved.
Specifically, the inner wall of the side of the installation groove 2302 far away from the opening 2301 is convexly provided with a plurality of claws 231, and the outer wall of one end of the outlet adaptor 25 and the collecting adaptor 26 fixedly communicated with the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is provided with a limit groove 251 for clamping the claws 231 at a position corresponding to the claws 231. As an alternative implementation manner, taking the scheme shown in the drawings of the embodiment as an example, the limit groove 251 is an annular groove, two symmetrical claws 231 are respectively arranged at two sides of the outlet adaptor 25, and two symmetrical claws 231 are respectively arranged at two sides of the collecting adaptor 26;
in order to ensure the tightness of the connection part, a plurality of sealing grooves surrounding the opening 2301 are formed in the groove wall of one side of the mounting groove 2302, which is close to the opening 2301, an annular sealing ring 232 is filled in the sealing groove, the inner walls of the outlet adapter 25 and the collecting adapter 26, which are fixedly communicated with one end of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23, correspond to the sealing grooves and are abutted against the sealing rings, and the inner ring and the outer ring of the sealing ring 232 are respectively abutted between the sealing groove and the inner wall of the outlet adapter 25, so that the tightness is improved. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the sealing reliability of the connection position is ensured by the jaw structure and its 2 seal rings 232. It should be noted that the claw 231 and the sealing ring 232 are respectively disposed on two opposite side walls of the mounting groove 2302, and the claw 231 and the sealing ring 232 are disposed in a staggered manner along the second direction, so that not only the clamping strength is ensured, but also the flow blocking path is prolonged, and the sealing performance is improved.
It should be noted that, the claw structure and the sealing ring 232 on the mounting groove 2302 may be alternatively configured, so long as the sealing connection between the mounting groove 2302 and the outlet adaptor 25, and the collecting adaptor 26 can be ensured.
More specifically, referring to fig. 15, the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 further includes a telescopic section 233 disposed between the two openings 2301, wherein the telescopic section 233 stretches in the second direction by an amount at least greater than the smaller of the plugging lengths of the mounting groove 2302 and the outlet adaptor 25, and the mounting groove 2302 and the collecting adaptor 26 in the second direction. Through the telescopic section 233, the situation that the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 cannot be smoothly installed with the outlet adapter 25 and the collecting adapter 26 due to the fact that tolerance exists in the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 or the heat exchange piece 24 can be avoided, further, the telescopic section 233 can be arranged in a telescopic mode, particularly can be a hard telescopic section, the thermal runaway inhibitor 23, the outlet adapter 25 and the collecting adapter 26 can be installed and detached within a limited range in the second direction, fusing is not needed, and replacement of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 can be achieved. The telescopic section 233 may be partially disposed on the thermal runaway inhibitor 23, so long as a suitable amount of telescopic action is ensured, where the amount of telescopic action of the telescopic section 233 is at least greater than a smaller insertion length, and the insertion length is the length of the insertion overlap of the mounting groove 2302 and the outlet adaptor 25, and the collecting adaptor 26.
The expansion section 233 may be a corrugated section, and the corrugated section may be integrally formed with the thermal runaway inhibitor 23, and is made of the same material as the thermal runaway inhibitor 23, so that the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 can be fused, the length of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 along the second direction can be adjusted, the width of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 along the first direction can be adjusted, the height of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 perpendicular to the third direction of the first direction and the second direction can be adjusted, the degree of freedom of connection between the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 and the outlet adaptor 25 and the collecting adaptor 26 can be improved through the corrugated section, the thermal runaway inhibitor can be installed with large tolerance, shrinkage and disassembly can be realized, and meanwhile, the connection stability and the tightness of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 can be ensured under the vibration condition.
In order to improve the connection strength, the abutting surfaces of the claw 231 and the limit groove 251 near the groove bottom of the installation groove 2302 are perpendicular to the second direction, so that the clamping strength of the installation groove 2302, the outlet adaptor 25 and the collecting adaptor 26 is improved, meanwhile, in order to improve the disassembly convenience, an inclined surface is arranged on one side of the limit groove 251 far away from the groove bottom of the installation groove 2302, the inclined surface is arranged at an obtuse angle with the second direction, so that the cross section area of the notch of the limit groove 251 is gradually increased, and the claw 231 sunk into the limit groove 251 is conveniently and smoothly disassembled.
In this embodiment, the structures of the outlet adaptor 25 and the collecting adaptor 26 are substantially the same, and are formed by hollow flat metal processing, the outlet adaptor 25 can be welded with the front end current collector 21, the outlet adaptor 25 and the front end current collector 21 are in closed connection, the collecting adaptor 26 can be welded with the rear end current collector 22, meanwhile, the collecting adaptor 26 can be communicated and welded with the rear end current collector 22, meanwhile, the outlet adaptor 25 and the collecting adaptor 26 are different in that an outlet water nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the outlet adaptor 25 and is connected with the liquid outlet pipeline 52, and through the structure connection, the liquid inlet pipeline 51 connected with the front end current collector 21 and the liquid outlet pipeline 52 connected with the outlet adaptor 25 are arranged on one side of the first heat exchange assembly 20, so that the connection and layout of the pipelines are facilitated.
In the embodiment, the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is made of plastic material such as PP, PA, PE, etc. with melting temperature of 150-300 deg.C, thermal conductivity of less than 0.3W/m.k, and density of 1000-1500 kg/m 3 The thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is arranged above the explosion-proof valve and has a width larger than the length of the battery explosion-proof valve, i.e. completely covers the explosion-proof valve; the heat exchange piece 24 and the current collector are made of metal materials, such as aluminum alloy materials, and the melting point of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is smaller than that of the heat exchange piece 24, so that the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 can be timely fused when the explosion-proof valve is exploded, the battery is actively cooled in time, the adjacent heat exchange pieces 24 can not be fused, and the heat exchange medium is guided into the exploded thermal runaway inhibitor 23 as a flow guide pipe to realize concentrated cooling。
It should be emphasized that the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is a plastic flat pipeline, while the heat exchanger 24 is a metal flat pipeline, which is flat and has an inner through structure design, so that the height direction can be reduced, no extra design space is occupied, and the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 can completely cover the explosion-proof valve area of the battery in the width direction, so that a better thermal runaway inhibiting effect can be achieved; wherein the height direction is the longitudinal direction in fig. 1, i.e. the third direction; wherein the heights of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 and the heat exchanger 24 may be uniform or set as desired.
Because flame or conductive medium energy is sprayed after the thermal runaway of the battery, the temperature can reach more than 400 ℃, once the thermal runaway of the battery is triggered, the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 can be ensured to be fused by adopting a plastic material with a lower melting point, so that the heat conducting medium is sprayed to the position of the battery which is out of control, and the effect of actively cooling is achieved;
in addition, the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is larger than the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat exchange piece 24, and the lower heat conductivity coefficient of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is utilized, so that under normal conditions, the heat dissipation of an explosion-proof valve area of a battery is not required, the energy dissipation in a pipeline of a circulating system is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency is indirectly improved; and the plastic polymer material has good insulating property and lower weight, reduces the whole weight of the battery system on the premise of ensuring the electrical safety design, and does not cause the reduction of energy density.
In this embodiment, it may be understood that the "heat exchange medium" may be water or cooling liquid, and the main purpose of the "heat exchange medium" is to exchange heat with the battery through heat exchange, and the heat exchange medium may be selected according to specific application requirements of the user, which is not described herein.
Embodiment two:
referring to fig. 1, 9 and 10, fig. 9 is a schematic view of a cross section A-A in fig. 8, and fig. 10 is an exploded view of a power battery according to the present embodiment;
the present embodiment provides a power cell comprising a battery module assembly 10, and a thermal safety system as in the example;
wherein a second surface of the battery module assembly 10 opposite to the first surface is bonded with a second heat exchange assembly 30 through a heat conductive structural adhesive 40; for ease of understanding, the second surface is the lower surface of the battery module assembly 10 in fig. 1;
the second heat exchange assembly 30 is internally provided with a punching plate flow channel 31 in a roundabout way, and two ends of the punching plate flow channel 31 are respectively communicated with a liquid inlet pipeline 51 and a liquid outlet pipeline 52. Thereby enabling simultaneous management of the first heat exchange assembly 20 and the second heat exchange assembly 30. The first heat exchange assembly 20 and the second heat exchange assembly 30 can be connected in series through the liquid inlet pipeline 51 and the liquid outlet pipeline 52, or can be connected in parallel through the liquid inlet pipeline 51 and the liquid outlet pipeline 52, and can be set according to requirements.
Optionally, the inlet and outlet of the punching plate flow channel 31 of the second heat exchange assembly 30 and the inlet and outlet of the first heat exchange assembly 20 are respectively communicated with the liquid inlet pipeline 51 and the liquid outlet pipeline 52, that is, the inlet and outlet are divided into two parts from the outside, so as to realize parallel connection. The bottom of the punching runner 31 and the bottom of the battery 11 are filled with heat conducting structural adhesive 40, so that the heat conducting and bonding effects are achieved.
More specifically, the heat exchange member 24 is directly inserted into a reserved groove on the current collector for welding, and the reserved groove is shown in fig. 7, so that the heat exchange member 24 is conveniently installed.
With continued reference to fig. 11 and 12, fig. 11 is an exploded view of a battery module assembly according to the present embodiment, and fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of the battery module assembly shown in fig. 1 within a dashed line frame.
The first surface of the battery module assembly 10 is provided with an insulating spacer plate 14 for carrying the first heat exchange assembly 20 and fixing the thermal runaway inhibitor 23;
the battery module assembly 10 comprises a plurality of batteries 11, a busbar 15 for connecting the batteries 11 in a point mode and an FPC12, wherein an explosion-proof valve is arranged on one side surface of the battery 11, connected with the busbar 15, the busbar 15 and the FPC12 are respectively arranged on the first side surface of the insulating isolation plate 14, far away from the battery 11, the side, far away from the insulating isolation plate 14, of the FPC12 is provided with a heat insulation piece 13, the heat insulation piece 13 is fixedly adhered to the thermal runaway inhibitor 23, and the heat insulation piece 13 only comprises a rectangular frame to expose the explosion-proof valve, so that the explosion-proof valve corresponds to the thermal runaway inhibitor 13, and the thermal runaway inhibitor 13 can be directly fused when the explosion-proof valve is exploded.
The design of the insulating partition plate 14 of the present embodiment is different from that of the prior art, that is, the present embodiment can ensure the fixation of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 by designing the plurality of clamping claws 231 in a staggered arrangement, so as to avoid the displacement or dislocation of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 caused by vibration and other reasons, thereby realizing the stability of the structure.
Specifically, an avoidance gap is arranged between the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 and the adjacent heat exchange piece;
the insulating isolation plate 14 is provided with a plurality of buckles 141 corresponding to the positions of the avoidance gaps respectively, and the buckles 141 extend out of one side of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 away from the insulating isolation plate 14 through the avoidance gaps and buckle the thermal runaway inhibitor 23. The outlet adaptor 25 and the collecting adaptor 26 are clamped with the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 along the second direction, so that the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is limited to move along the second direction, the buckles 141 are arranged on two opposite sides of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 along the first direction in a staggered manner, so that the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is limited to move along the first direction, the stability of the structure of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is ensured, and the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is prevented from being misplaced due to vibration and other reasons. Meanwhile, the function of the buckle 141 can also prevent the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 from being flushed away by the heat flow sprayed when the explosion-proof valve is opened, so that the subsequent thermal runaway cooling inhibition function can not be realized.
Through between thermal runaway suppression piece 23 and the explosion-proof valve of battery, fill up and establish insulating part 13, be favorable to the accumulation of thermal runaway energy and prevent excessive, simultaneously, insulating part 13 adopts the line laminating crimping with FPC12 of bottom, has reduced the data loss that sampling circuit burns out and leads to and thermal runaway early warning inefficacy risk when thermal runaway.
Specifically, the edge of the first side surface of the insulating spacer 14 is also fitted with a connection row 16 for electrically connecting the battery module assemblies 10.
With continued reference to fig. 13, fig. 13 is a perspective view of a third view angle of a power battery according to the present embodiment.
Mounting plates are respectively arranged at two ends of the battery module assembly 10 in the second direction; the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of fixing parts 110 for fixing the first heat exchange assembly 20;
the front current collector 21 and the rear current collector 22 are respectively provided with a connecting portion 201 at a position corresponding to each fixing portion 110, and the connecting portion 201 and the fixing portion 110 are fixedly connected by bolts.
With continued reference to fig. 14, fig. 14 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of the heat insulating member 13 according to the present embodiment.
The heat insulating member 13 is optionally a loop-shaped frame, and an avoidance hole for avoiding the explosion-proof valve is formed in the middle, and the main functions are as follows:
first, the top of thermal-insulated piece 13 is connected with thermal-runaway inhibitor 23, and holds thermal-runaway inhibitor 23 and makes thermal-insulated piece 13 be in the state of compressing tightly through buckle 141 card, improves thermal-runaway inhibitor 23 and FPC12, insulating barrier 14's connection compactness, avoids the thermal-flux medium to reveal. The heat insulating member 13 can be a silicon glass fiber material, ceramic can be generated on the surface of the heat insulating member at the temperature of more than 300 ℃, the heat conductivity coefficient is less than 0.03W/m.k, the heat insulating member plays a good role in heat insulation and fire resistance impact, the heat insulating member is arranged between the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 and the FPC12 at normal temperature, and the heat insulating member is in a compression state after being installed, has a certain compression amount, and can play a role in sealing support and buffering. The avoidance hole is used for avoiding the explosion-proof valve, so that the thermal runaway high-temperature air flow is sprayed out of the explosion-proof valve of the battery and then sealed in the middle area, the temperature rise of other batteries caused by the overflow of the heat flow is prevented, meanwhile, the heat accumulation is also beneficial to burning through the melting thermal runaway inhibitor 23, and the active cooling of the fluid sprayed out of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 is ensured.
Secondly, the bottom of thermal-insulated piece 13 covers FPC 12's sampling circuit completely, plays better protection thermal-insulated effect, and FPC 23's sampling circuit is burnt down in the twinkling of an eye when can avoiding thermal runaway, leads to BMS's sampling data to lose, influences BMS thermal runaway early warning and its follow-up thermal runaway problem analysis.
Referring to fig. 14, an exhaust groove 131 is designed near at least one end of the current collector and near one side surface of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23 to communicate the inside and outside of the rectangular frame, and further, the exhaust groove is disposed at both ends of the heat insulating member 13 along the second direction to conduct the inside and outside of the rectangular frame, preventing the instantaneous pressure of the sealing area from being excessively large, causing the whole sealing area to be flushed open, at this time, heat flow can be conducted from both ends of the rectangular frame, and conducted along the second direction without affecting the batteries stacked along the second direction. Specifically, the groove depth of the exhaust groove 131 satisfies the following functional relationship:
h＝λ*e 0.25*d+0.86 ； (1)
where h is the groove depth of the exhaust groove 131; lambda is a correction coefficient and the value is 0.01-0.3; d is the distance between the explosion valve of the battery and the bottom of the thermal runaway inhibitor 23;
d is related to the battery capacity and type, specifically described as
d＝ζ*f(A，L) (2)
ζ is a constant, A is the capacity of a single battery, and the larger the capacity is, the larger the d value is; l is the width of the inside of the loop of the heat insulator 13 in the first direction, and the larger the width is, the smaller the d value is required.
The bottom and top double-layer heat exchange scheme is adopted in the embodiment, particularly, the first heat exchange assembly 20 directly exchanges heat to the busbar 15, so that the heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved, the heat exchange of the first heat exchange assembly 20 and the insulating isolation plate 14 of the battery module assembly 10 are integrated into an integrated structure, and the structural strength is improved on the premise of meeting the requirement of efficient heat management and heat exchange;
the multi-path parallel heat exchange pieces 24 connected through the current collectors are arranged above the bus bars 15, so that the influence of the length of flow traces on the temperature difference is reduced, and the heat exchange uniformity of the battery is improved.
According to the embodiment, the heat exchange piece and the thermal runaway inhibition piece are integrated into a whole, and are arranged in parallel and in series, so that the heat exchange balance is ensured and the thermal safety comprehensive performance target is realized on the premise that the existing arrangement scheme is not changed, the energy density is reduced and the heat exchange energy loss is not reduced.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A thermal safety system, comprising: a first heat exchange assembly (20) laid on a first surface of the battery module assembly (10);
the first heat exchange assembly (20) comprises two hollow current collectors, and a plurality of heat exchange plates are arranged between the two current collectors along a first direction; the heat exchange plate comprises a thermal runaway inhibitor (23) and at least one heat exchange piece (24) with two ends respectively communicated with the two current collectors;
the two hollow current collectors comprise a front current collector (21) and a rear current collector (22); the front-end current collector (21) is communicated with a liquid inlet pipeline (51), one end of the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) is communicated with a liquid outlet pipeline (52), and the other end of the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) is communicated with the rear-end current collector (22) so as to realize the communication between the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) and the heat exchange piece (24);
the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) is arranged to cover an explosion-proof valve of a battery of the battery module assembly (10), and the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) can be fused when the battery of the battery module assembly (10) is in thermal runaway.
2. A thermal safety system according to claim 1, wherein the front-end current collector (21) is fixedly provided with an outlet adaptor (25), one end of the liquid outlet pipeline (52) is vertically and fixedly connected to one side of the outlet adaptor (25), the rear-end current collector (22) is fixedly connected with a collecting adaptor (26), and two ends of the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) are detachably connected with the outlet adaptor (25) and the collecting adaptor (26) respectively, so as to fix and connect the thermal runaway inhibitor (23).
3. A thermal safety system according to claim 2, wherein the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) comprises openings (2301) provided at both ends, respectively, and a telescoping section (233) provided between the two openings (2301), the edge of the opening (2301) being provided with a mounting groove (2302) surrounding the opening (2301), the mounting groove (2302) being adapted to be plugged with the outlet adaptor (25) or the collecting adaptor (26);
the amount of telescoping of the telescoping section (233) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is at least greater than the smaller of the mating length of the mounting groove (2302) with the outlet adapter (25), the mounting groove (2302) with the pooling adapter (26) in the second direction.
4. A thermal safety system according to claim 3, wherein the inner wall of the mounting groove (2302) on the side remote from the opening (2301) is provided with a plurality of claws (231) protruding; the outlet adaptor (25) and the collecting adaptor (26) are fixedly communicated with the thermal runaway inhibitor (23), and a limiting groove (251) for clamping the clamping jaw (231) is formed in the outer wall of one end of the outlet adaptor and the collecting adaptor, which corresponds to the clamping jaw (231); and/or the number of the groups of groups,
a plurality of sealing grooves surrounding the opening (2301) are formed in the groove wall of one side, close to the opening (2301), of the mounting groove (2302), sealing rings (232) are arranged in the sealing grooves, and the inner walls of one ends, fixedly communicated with the thermal runaway inhibitor (23), of the outlet adapter (25) and the collecting adapter (26) correspond to the sealing grooves and are propped against the sealing rings (232).
5. A thermal safety system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) is of plastic material, and the heat exchanger (24) and the current collector are of metal material;
the melting point of the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) is less than the melting point of the heat exchange member (24);
the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) has a thermal conductivity less than that of the heat exchange member (24).
6. A power cell comprising a battery module assembly (10), and a thermal safety system according to any one of claims 1-5;
the first surface of the battery module assembly (10) is provided with an insulating isolation plate (14) for bearing the first heat exchange assembly (20) and fixing the thermal runaway inhibitor (23);
the battery module assembly (10) comprises a plurality of batteries (11), a busbar (15) electrically connected with the batteries and an FPC (12), wherein the batteries (11) are connected with one side surface of the busbar (15) is provided with an explosion-proof valve, the busbar (15) and the FPC (12) are respectively arranged on the first side surface of the insulating isolation plate (14) far away from the batteries (11), the FPC (12) is far away from one side of the insulating isolation plate (14) and is abutted with a heat insulating piece (13), the heat insulating piece (13) is fixedly bonded with the thermal runaway inhibitor (23), and the heat insulating piece (13) comprises a circular frame to expose the explosion-proof valve so that the explosion-proof valve corresponds to the thermal runaway inhibitor (23).
7. A power cell according to claim 6, characterized in that a back-off gap is provided between the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) and the adjacent heat exchanger;
the insulating isolation plate (14) is provided with a plurality of buckles (141) corresponding to the positions of the avoidance gaps respectively, and the buckles (141) extend out of one side of the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) away from the insulating isolation plate (14) through the avoidance gaps and buckle the thermal runaway inhibitor (23).
8. A power cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cell module assembly (10) is provided with mounting plates at both ends thereof, respectively; the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of fixing parts (110) for fixing the first heat exchange assembly (20);
the front end current collector (21) and the rear end current collector (22) are respectively provided with a connecting part (201) corresponding to the fixing parts (110), and the connecting parts (201) are fixedly connected with the fixing parts (110) through bolts.
9. A power cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein a vent groove (131) is provided in a side surface of the heat insulating member (13) adjacent to at least one end of the current collector and adjacent to the thermal runaway inhibitor (23) to communicate the inside and outside of the rectangular frame, and a groove depth of the vent groove (131) satisfies the following functional relationship:
h＝λ*e 0.25*d+0.86 ；
wherein h is the groove depth of the exhaust groove (131); lambda is a correction coefficient and the value is 0.01-0.3; d is the distance between the explosion valve of the battery and the bottom of the thermal runaway inhibitor (23).
10. The power battery according to claim 6, wherein a second surface of the battery module assembly (10) opposite to the first surface is adhered with a second heat exchange assembly (30) through a heat conducting structural adhesive (40), a punching plate flow channel (31) is arranged in the second heat exchange assembly (30) in a roundabout way, and two ends of the punching plate flow channel (31) are respectively communicated with the liquid inlet pipeline (51) and the liquid outlet pipeline (52).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311744367.XA CN117650310A (en) | 2023-12-18 | 2023-12-18 | Thermal safety system and power battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311744367.XA CN117650310A (en) | 2023-12-18 | 2023-12-18 | Thermal safety system and power battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117650310A true CN117650310A (en) | 2024-03-05 |
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ID=90049418
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311744367.XA Pending CN117650310A (en) | 2023-12-18 | 2023-12-18 | Thermal safety system and power battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117650310A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-12-18 CN CN202311744367.XA patent/CN117650310A/en active Pending
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