CN117645936A - Compound microbial inoculum for puer tea fermentation and fermentation method - Google Patents

Compound microbial inoculum for puer tea fermentation and fermentation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117645936A
CN117645936A CN202311781860.9A CN202311781860A CN117645936A CN 117645936 A CN117645936 A CN 117645936A CN 202311781860 A CN202311781860 A CN 202311781860A CN 117645936 A CN117645936 A CN 117645936A
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tea
puer
fermentation
microbial inoculum
bacterial suspension
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赵碧
潘联云
宁功伟
刘本英
周红海
马玉青
苟祎
陈思霖
杨恺清
吴致远
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Tea Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Tea Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention relates to a compound microbial inoculum for puer tea fermentation and a fermentation method thereof, wherein the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by volume: 7-12 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial suspension, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis bacterial suspension, 7-12 parts of lactobacillus plantarum bacterial suspension and 1-4 parts of bacillus amylovorus bacterial suspension. The invention adopts the microorganism strains with different temperature environments, different degradation and conversion functions and different species on the surfaces, which are resistant to the pile center, to prepare the compound microorganism microbial inoculum, the compound microbial inoculum can obviously shorten the fermentation period and improve the quality of the puer tea, and the tea soup of the puer ripe tea produced by fermenting the compound strain has fresh fragrance, mellow taste and rich hierarchy, not only makes up the defects of flat taste and unobvious fragrance of the traditional puer ripe tea, ensures that the quality of the puer ripe tea is obviously improved in fragrance, soup color and taste, and lays a solid foundation for the development of new puer tea products and the development of industries.

Description

Compound microbial inoculum for puer tea fermentation and fermentation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of applied microorganisms, and particularly relates to a compound microbial inoculum for fermentation of puer tea and a fermentation method.
Background
The Yunnan is the hometown of the puer tea, and as the historical traditional famous tea, the puer tea is a unique attractive healthy drink widely favored by consumers at home and abroad at present, and a great deal of researches prove that the puer tea has the effects of inhibiting bacteria, losing weight and reducing fat. The piling process is a key process for processing Pu 'er tea, namely under the synergistic effect of various enzymes secreted by microorganisms in the environment and under the high-temperature and high-humidity condition, amino acid, tea polyphenol, caffeine, crude fiber, protein, pectin and the like undergo a series of reactions such as oxidization, polymerization, condensation, degradation and the like to form substances with special aroma and taste, so that the unique flavor of Pu' er tea is formed, and the microorganisms play an important role in the process. As is known, the pile fermentation of puer tea is a high temperature environment, and under the condition that the pile temperature requirement cannot be lower than 40 ℃ and the highest temperature can reach 65 ℃, how does the microorganism act under different environment temperatures of pile? The puer tea has unique processing technology and technique, has a plurality of beneficial microorganisms to participate in the puer tea and plays a key role, thereby finally influencing the quality and the efficacy of the puer tea. In the field of Pu ' er tea research, especially from the microorganism perspective, how to screen beneficial dominant microorganisms from Pu ' er tea processing and apply the microorganisms to production to improve the quality of Pu ' er tea has important significance.
The prior art mainly comprises the steps of screening microorganisms, inoculating single microorganisms to ferment puer tea, and applying the technology of multi-strain synergistic effect to puer tea processing to shorten fermentation time and improve mouthfeel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background technology, the invention provides a compound microbial inoculum for fermentation of puer tea and a fermentation method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the compound microbial inoculum for the fermentation of puer tea comprises the following components in parts by volume: 7-12 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372 bacterial suspension, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463 bacterial suspension, 7-12 parts of lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 bacterial suspension and 1-4 parts of bacillus amylovorus BNCC336387 bacterial suspension.
Further, the effective viable count of the bacterial suspension of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372, the Bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463, the Lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 and the Bacillus amylovorus BNCC336387 is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/ml。
The invention also provides a method for fermenting puer tea by the compound microbial inoculum for puer tea fermentation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, inoculating the prepared compound microbial inoculum into a puer tea raw material to be fermented, uniformly spraying a microbial inoculum onto tea, wherein the inoculation amount is 28-35% of the volume of the tea;
s2, the inoculated tea leaves are subjected to pile fermentation, the temperature of a reactor core is controlled to be 35-45 ℃, the temperature of the surface of the reactor is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the moisture content is controlled to be 40% -50%;
s3, turning the reactor once every 5 days, uniformly mixing the reactor core tea and the reactor surface tea, and keeping the reactor core, the opposite temperature and the moisture content;
s4, after fermentation for 20-27 days, ditching is carried out on the tea pile, and ventilation drying is carried out.
Further, in the step S1, when the bacterial liquid is sprayed, the bacterial liquid is uniformly sprayed and the tea leaves are kept from caking.
Further, in the step S2, the tea leaves are piled into tea piles with the height of 1 meter, the length of 3-5 meters and the width of 3-5 meters during piling and fermentation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention applies the compound strain to the production of the puer tea, on one hand, the fermentation period can be obviously shortened to about 3-4 weeks, and on the other hand, the invention does have the effect of improving the quality of the puer tea, and the tea soup of the puer tea produced by fermenting the compound strain has fresh fragrance, mellow taste and rich layering, not only makes up the defects of mild taste and unobvious fragrance of the traditional puer tea, and obviously improves the quality of the puer tea in fragrance, soup color and taste. The invention provides an important application foundation for the development of new puer tea products and provides a new microbial resource for the development of puer tea industry.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding by the skilled person.
The preparation method of the bacterial suspension in the invention comprises the following steps: inoculating activated Saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372 into liquid YM culture medium, performing aerobic shaking culture at 30deg.C for 36 hr to obtain bacterial suspension; inoculating the activated bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463 into a liquid YPD culture medium, performing aerobic shake culture at 30 ℃ for 24 hours to prepare bacterial suspension; inoculating activated lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 to a liquid MRS culture medium, performing aerobic shaking culture at 37 ℃ for 36 hours to prepare bacterial suspension; inoculating the activated bacillus caldarius BNCC336387 to a liquid LB culture medium, performing aerobic shake culture at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, and preparing a bacterial suspension.
An embodiment I relates to a compound microbial inoculant for puer tea fermentation, which comprises the following components in parts by volume:7 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372 bacterial suspension, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463 bacterial suspension, 7 parts of lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 bacterial suspension, 1 part of bacillus amylovorus BNCC336387 bacterial suspension, and 1X 10 viable bacteria number in saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372, bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463, lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 and bacillus amylovorus BNCC336387 bacterial suspension 8 cfu/ml。
In the second embodiment, a compound microbial inoculant for fermenting puer tea comprises the following components in parts by volume: 9.5 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372 bacterial suspension, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463 bacterial suspension, 9.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 bacterial suspension, 2.5 parts of bacillus amylovorus BNCC336387 bacterial suspension, and 1.7 multiplied by 10 of viable bacteria in the saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372, bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463, lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 and bacillus amylovorus BNCC336387 bacterial suspension 8 cfu/ml。
In the third embodiment, the compound microbial inoculum for fermenting puer tea comprises the following components in parts by volume: 12 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372 bacterial suspension, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463 bacterial suspension, 12 parts of lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 bacterial suspension, 4 parts of bacillus amylovorus BNCC336387 bacterial suspension, and the number of viable bacteria in the saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372, bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463, lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 and bacillus amylovorus BNCC336387 bacterial suspension is 2.4X10 8 cfu/ml。
In a fourth embodiment, the method for fermenting puer tea by using the compound bacteria agent in the first embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, inoculating the prepared compound microbial inoculum into a puer tea raw material to be fermented, uniformly spraying a microbial inoculum onto tea, wherein the inoculation amount is 28% of the volume of the tea; the bacterial liquid is sprayed uniformly and the tea leaves are kept from caking;
s2, piling and fermenting the inoculated tea leaves, wherein the tea leaves are piled into tea piles with the height of 1 meter, the length of 3 meters and the width of 3 meters during piling and fermentation, the temperature of a reactor core is controlled to be 35 ℃, the temperature of the surface of the reactor is 25 ℃, and the moisture content is 40% -50%;
s3, turning the reactor once every 5 days, uniformly mixing the reactor core tea and the reactor surface tea, and keeping the temperature and the moisture content of the reactor core and the reactor surface;
s4, after fermenting for 27 days, ditching is carried out on the tea pile, and ventilation drying is carried out, so that the puer tea is obtained.
In a fifth embodiment, the method for fermenting puer tea by using the compound bacteria agent in the second embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, inoculating the prepared compound microbial inoculum into a puer tea raw material to be fermented, uniformly spraying a microbial inoculum onto tea, wherein the inoculation amount is 35% of the volume of the tea; the bacterial liquid is sprayed uniformly and the tea leaves are kept from caking.
S2, piling and fermenting the inoculated tea leaves, wherein the tea leaves are piled into tea piles with the height of 1 meter, the length of 5 meters and the width of 5 meters during piling and fermentation, the temperature of a reactor core is controlled to be 45 ℃, the temperature of the surface of the reactor is 30 ℃, and the moisture content is 40% -50%;
s3, turning the reactor once every 5 days, uniformly mixing the reactor core tea and the reactor surface tea, and keeping the temperature and the moisture content of the reactor core and the reactor surface;
s4, after fermenting for 20 days, ditching is carried out on the tea pile, and ventilation drying is carried out, so that the puer tea is obtained.
In a sixth embodiment, the method for fermenting puer tea using the compound bacteria agent of the third embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, inoculating the prepared compound microbial inoculum into a puer tea raw material to be fermented, uniformly spraying a microbial inoculum onto tea, wherein the inoculation amount is 31% of the volume of the tea; the bacterial liquid is sprayed uniformly and the tea leaves are kept from caking.
S2, piling and fermenting the inoculated tea leaves, piling the tea leaves into tea piles with the height of 1 meter, the length of 4 meters and the width of 4 meters during piling and fermentation, controlling the temperature of a reactor core at 40 ℃, the temperature of the surface of the reactor at 27 ℃ and the moisture content at 40% -50%;
s3, turning the reactor once every 5 days, uniformly mixing the reactor core tea and the reactor surface tea, and keeping the temperature and the moisture content of the reactor core and the reactor surface;
s4, after fermenting for 23 days, ditching is carried out on the tea pile, and ventilation drying is carried out, so that the puer tea is obtained.
In a seventh embodiment, sensory evaluation was performed on the puer tea obtained in the first to third embodiments, and in comparative example 1, the puer tea obtained by fermentation using the conventional method was subjected to soup-making evaluation on tea samples according to GB/T23776-2018 "tea sensory evaluation method" and GB/T14487-2017, and the results were as follows:
finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A compound microbial inoculum for puer tea fermentation is characterized in that: the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by volume: 7-12 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372 bacterial suspension, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463 bacterial suspension, 7-12 parts of lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 bacterial suspension and 1-4 parts of bacillus amylovorus BNCC336387 bacterial suspension.
2. The compound microbial inoculant for puer tea fermentation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the effective viable count of the bacterial suspension of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae BNCC356372, the Bacillus licheniformis BNCC336463, the Lactobacillus plantarum BNCC336421 and the Bacillus amylovorus BNCC336387 is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/ml。
3. A method for fermenting puer tea using a compound microbial inoculum for puer tea fermentation according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, inoculating the prepared compound microbial inoculum into a puer tea raw material to be fermented, uniformly spraying a microbial inoculum onto tea, wherein the inoculation amount is 28-35% of the volume of the tea;
s2, the inoculated tea leaves are subjected to pile fermentation, the temperature of a reactor core is controlled to be 35-45 ℃, the temperature of the surface of the reactor is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the moisture content is controlled to be 40% -50%;
s3, turning the reactor once every 5 days, uniformly mixing the reactor core tea and the reactor surface tea, and keeping the reactor core, the opposite temperature and the moisture content;
s4, after fermentation for 20-27 days, ditching is carried out on the tea pile, and ventilation drying is carried out.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S1, when the bacterial liquid is sprayed, the bacterial liquid is uniformly sprayed and the tea leaves are kept from caking.
5. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S2, the tea leaves are piled into tea piles with the height of 1 meter, the length of 3-5 meters and the width of 3-5 meters during piling and fermentation.
CN202311781860.9A 2023-12-22 2023-12-22 Compound microbial inoculum for puer tea fermentation and fermentation method Pending CN117645936A (en)

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WO2017206146A1 (en) * 2016-06-02 2017-12-07 勐海茶业有限责任公司 Candida blankii strain and application thereof, and method for processing pu'er tea
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102550723A (en) * 2010-12-24 2012-07-11 云南天士力帝泊洱生物茶集团有限公司 Preparation of conventional Pu'er tea microbial colony seeds and application of microbial colony seeds in Pu'er tea fermentation
WO2017206146A1 (en) * 2016-06-02 2017-12-07 勐海茶业有限责任公司 Candida blankii strain and application thereof, and method for processing pu'er tea
CN109055247A (en) * 2018-07-13 2018-12-21 云南中茶茶业有限公司 The method of one saccharomycete strain and its ripe general tea of processing
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