CN117639945A - Offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflection surface assistance - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of communication interaction, and discloses an offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflection surface assistance, which comprises the following steps: under a dual-path model, the received signal power; obtaining the loss of each path based on the received signal power; calculating guide vectors of B to U and B to E, guide vectors of B to R, guide vectors of R to U and guide vectors of R to E according to the dual-path model; calculating the channels B to R, R to U, R to E, B to U and B to E according to the dual-path model; calculating beam responses at U and E according to the dual-path model; calculating transmission rates at U and E according to shannon's law; and calculating the confidentiality rate of the intelligent reflection surface-assisted offshore area direction modulation scene according to the received signals. The invention enhances the confidentiality by utilizing the signal leaked into the environment by the transmitter, improves the power utilization rate and realizes high confidentiality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication interaction, and particularly relates to an offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflection surface assistance.
Background
In recent years, in terms of antenna array signal processing, directional modulation has received increasing attention as a physical layer security technique. As shown in fig. 1, unlike conventional beamforming and interference that provides directional power scaling to address physical layer security issues, directional modulation designs received symbols directly at the user, projects digitally modulated constellation signals into a predefined spatial direction (legal secure communication direction) while scrambling the constellation elsewhere in free space. That is, the user's receive beam has the same amplitude and phase as the intended data symbol. Even if the eavesdropper and the user's channel are correlated, the eavesdropper's reception performance may be degraded by intentionally applying destructive interference to the eavesdropper.
Along with the continuous emergence and gradual use of novel water surface buoys, novel unmanned aerial vehicle platforms, novel unmanned boats and the like, offshore unmanned multi-platform collaborative combat becomes the focus of naval combat, wherein one key is to ensure that efficient information interaction is realized between offshore platforms, and the communication rate requirement of Gbps magnitude per second of gigabit is provided. However, existing wireless communication systems are not fully capable of meeting the application requirements of offshore unmanned platforms. The current common communication modes facing to the marine environment, such as underwater acoustic communication, satellite communication, ultra High Frequency (UHF) line-of-sight communication and the like, all have the problems of limited bandwidth, poor reliability, low confidentiality, weak anti-interference capability, high cost, weak data interaction capability (kilobits per second Kbps to megabits per second Mbps level) and the like, and cannot meet the Gbps level data communication requirement of an offshore platform system.
At present, a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system based on the intelligent reflection surface assistance in terahertz/millimeter waves provides a new feasible technical path for communication of an offshore unmanned system. However, terahertz or millimeter wave communication can solve the problems of frequency spectrum and bandwidth, but its shorter wavelength results in rapid energy attenuation of the transmission signal. Furthermore, the cracking of sea information requires specific rights, and if the security of the communication network is problematic, some critical data may be revealed to illegal users. Therefore, how to ensure the secure transmission of information of a large amount of perceived data in an offshore wireless network becomes a challenge for future ocean communication and network development. At present, a beam forming technology is adopted, or the transmission power is increased, or more relays are added for multi-hop, and data transmission is carried out by combining an upper encryption technology. However, with the gradual improvement of the computing performance of the computer, the conventional upper-layer encryption security communication mode for matching the keys at the receiving and transmitting ends is threatened. Therefore, physical layer security is becoming a research hotspot in the field of offshore wireless communications. The physical layer security technology does not need the design and distribution of secret keys, avoids complex algorithms, can still effectively provide security guarantee for wireless communication, and is a powerful complement to the upper layer encryption technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an offshore area direction modulation method based on the assistance of an intelligent reflecting surface, which utilizes signals leaked into the environment by a transmitter to enhance the confidentiality, improves the power utilization rate and realizes high confidentiality.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflection surface assistance, comprising:
under a dual-path model, the received signal power; obtaining the loss of each path based on the received signal power;
calculating guide vectors of B to U and B to E, guide vectors of B to R, guide vectors of R to U and guide vectors of R to E according to the dual-path model;
calculating the channels B to R, R to U, R to E, B to U and B to E according to the dual-path model;
calculating beam responses at U and E according to the dual-path model;
calculating transmission rates at U and E according to shannon's law;
and calculating the confidentiality rate of the intelligent reflection surface-assisted offshore area direction modulation scene according to the received signals.
Alternatively, under the dual path model, the received signal power is expressed as
Wherein h is t For transmitting antenna height, h r For receiving antenna height, P t G for transmitting power t For transmitting antenna gain, G r For receiving antenna gain, d is the distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, and λ is the wavelength.
Optionally, the loss of each path is obtained as
Wherein h is t For transmitting antenna height, h r For receiving antenna height, P t G for transmitting power t For transmitting antenna gain, G r For receiving antenna gain, d is the distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, and λ is the wavelength.
Alternatively, the steering vectors of B to U and B to E are expressed as
Wherein f is the signal frequency, c is the wave velocity, d n (n=0, 1,) N-1 is the spacing between the zeroth and nth antennas, θ is the transmission angle from B to U and from B to E, N is the number of antennas equipped with B, [ number of antennas] T Is a transpose operation.
Optionally, the steering vectors of B to R, R to U and R to E are respectively
Wherein,for the transmission angle B to R, +.>And->Transmission angles, x, from R to U and R to E, respectively y (y=0, 1,) Y-1 is the spacing between the zeroth and the Y-th electromagnetic unit of the intelligent reflective surface.
Alternatively, the B to R, R to U, R to E, B to U and B to E channels are represented as
h BU ＝r BU ·s(f,θ)
h BE ＝r BE ·s(f,θ)
Where, is a point multiplication, f is the signal frequency,for the transmission angle B to R, +.>And->The transmission angles from R to U and from R to E are respectively, θ is the transmission angle from B to U and from B to E, R BR For transmission angle from B to R，/>For the steering vector B to R, R RU For the transmission angle from R to U, +.>For the steering vector B to R, R RE R is the transmission angle from R to E BU For the transmission angle from B to U, r BE S is the steering vector of B to U and E for the transmission angle from B to E.
Optionally, the beam responses v at U and E ε,U And v ε,E Respectively is
Wherein h is BR For B to R channel, h RU For R to U channel, h RE For R to E channel, h BU For the B to U channel, h BE For B to E channels, w ε For the weight vector of B corresponding to the epsilon-th symbol,weight vector for R corresponding to epsilon-th symbol [] H Is a conjugate transpose operation.
Alternatively, the transmission rates at U and E are respectively according to shannon's law
Wherein,and->The noise powers received for U and E, respectively, v ε,U And v ε,E The beam responses at U and E, respectively.
Optionally, the privacy rate is calculated as follows:
wherein R is U For the transmission rate at U, R E For the transmission rate at E, t is the signal amplitude at U, t 0 For the signal amplitude at E,and->The noise powers received by U and E, respectively.
The invention has the technical effects that: the invention discloses an offshore area direction modulation method based on the assistance of an intelligent reflecting surface, wherein the intelligent reflecting surface is used as a relay, and the confidentiality is enhanced by utilizing a signal leaked into the environment by a transmitter, so that the power utilization rate is improved; the invention considers the discrete phase shift design, and reduces the cost compared with the infinite precision setting; the invention relates to a symbol-level direction modulation design; the invention can realize high confidentiality rate in offshore areas.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application, illustrate and explain the application and are not to be construed as limiting the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a direction modulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention compared with a conventional transmitter architecture;
FIG. 2 is an example of an intelligent reflector assisted offshore area directional modulation design scenario in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual-path model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the intelligent reflector assisted offshore area safety communication model of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflector assistance in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a converging curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the phase values of the intelligent reflecting surface after optimization at R in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a synthesized beam pattern in the 140m range according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a phase pattern synthesized at U and E in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of security rate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order other than that illustrated herein.
The embodiment provides an offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflection surface assistance, which comprises the following steps: the intelligent reflecting surface is used as relay, so that the signal can be reflected to interfere with an eavesdropper, and null is formed in the direction of a legal user, thereby ensuring the safety of legal information. The offshore ocean channel model mainly comprises a double-diameter model and a three-diameter model. In the invention, the base station B and the relay R (carrying the intelligent reflecting surface), the relay R and the legal user U and the base station B and the user U all adopt a dual-path model, thereby meeting the ocean channel. Consider the extreme case where an eavesdropper E is located between the line of sight path of base station B to user U, with an intelligent reflective surface to ensure the security of the information transmission at U, as shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 3, in the dual path model, the received signal power can be expressed as
Wherein h is t For transmitting antenna height, h t For receiving antenna height, P t G for transmitting power t For transmitting antenna gain, G r For receiving antenna gain, d is the distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, and λ is the wavelength. According to (1), the loss per path is obtained as
From the scenario in fig. 2, the instantaneous positional relationship of B, U and E is known, and a two-dimensional model is shown in fig. 4. The steering vectors of B to U and B to E are represented as
Wherein f is the signal frequency, c is the wave velocity, d n (n=0, 1,) N-1 is the spacing between the zeroth and nth antennas, θ is the transmission angle from B to U and from B to E, N is the number of antennas equipped with B, [ number of antennas] T Is a transpose operation. The steering vectors of B to R, R to U and R to E are respectively
Wherein,for the transmission angle B to R, +.>And->The transmission angles from R to U and R to E, respectively. X is x y (y=0, 1,., Y-1) is the smart reflective surface zeroth electromagnetic sheetThe spacing between the element and the Y-th electromagnetic unit. (2) The path loss of the signal transmitted by different antennas to the receiving end can be expressed as
Wherein b n (n=0, 1,., N-1) is the distance of the nth antenna to U, e n A is the distance from the nth antenna to E y,n M is the distance from the nth antenna to the nth electromagnetic unit y G is the distance from the y-th electromagnetic unit to U y Is the distance from the y-th electromagnetic unit to E. Accordingly, the B to R, R to U, R to E, B to U and B to E channels are represented as
Wherein, is dot product. For an L signaling signal, L symbols need to be designed. The beam responses at U and E are respectively
Wherein v is ε,U (epsilon=0, 1,..k, L-1) and v ε,E Corresponding to the epsilon symbol, w ε ＝[w 0 ,w 1 ,...,w N-1 ] T For the weight vector of B corresponding to the epsilon-th symbol,weight vector for R corresponding to epsilon-th symbol [] H Is a conjugate transpose operation. Note that in practice the phase shift of the intelligent reflecting surface is of limited accuracy, and the invention takes this practical problem into account, the adjustable phase of each electromagnetic unit being from +.>Wherein B is selected from 0 (γ＝0,1,...,B 0 -1) is the number of bits. The transmission rates at U and E are respectively according to shannon's law
Note that in the present invention, the time taken to transmit all symbols is the same. According to (8), the achievable privacy ratio is
Wherein t= |v ε,U |，t 0 ＝|v ε,E |，And->Is the noise power. Accordingly, the optimization equation of the present invention is described as
Wherein (C1) synthesizes the desired symbol at U,the phase corresponding to the epsilon-th symbol; (C2) making the R-reflected symbol not interfere with U; (C3) reducing the amplitude of the signal received at E; (C4) is a power constraint at B; (C5) The amplitude and the phase of the electromagnetic unit of the intelligent reflecting surface can be adjusted. The objective function in P1 contains a form of a ratio of real affine to real affine, which is difficult to solve with the cvx toolbox in MATLAB. To solve this problem, the problem of maximizing SR can be equivalently referred to as max t-t by using the characteristics of the log function 0 The specific details are as follows:
substituting (11) into (10), the optimization problem is described as
The optimization scheme P2 is a bivariate optimization problem, and (C5) is a non-convex constraint. To solve this problem, a corresponding iterative optimization algorithm is proposed. The algorithm flow chart is shown in fig. 5. Wherein C is f (max) is the cost function value calculated from the initial value, and ε is the ε -th element of Φ (ε), C f (α y,ε ) Alpha is alpha y Taking the objective function value obtained by phi (epsilon), C f (α y ) The maximum objective function value obtained for traversing all elements in Φ.
The basic parameter settings of the present invention are shown in table 1. Fig. 6 is a convergence graph, and it can be seen that the cost function value is not changing after the 3 rd time, so as to achieve convergence, and the algorithm has lower computational complexity. Fig. 7 shows an optimized tunable phase shift of an electromagnetic unit, wherein all phase shift values are discrete, and a phase shift value selected from a discrete phase shift set Φ is solved. Fig. 8 shows a combined beam pattern, where the legitimate user U is located (50,37.5), the beam response is-20.6219 dB, which is higher than the signal response value (-60 dB) that can be detected by the communication device. The location of the eavesdropper is (40, 30), the beam response is-32.386 dB, and a higher sensitivity communication device is required than for a legitimate user U. To enhance security, the directional modulation technique can disrupt the signal phase at E, as shown in fig. 9. At U, the phases of the designed QPSK symbols 00, 01, 11 and 10 are 45 °,135 ° and-45 °, respectively, satisfying the desired constellation pattern, while at E, the phases of the symbols 00, 01, 11 and 10 are disturbed. Fig. 10 is an illustration of the effect of increasing transmit power on privacy rate, where it can be seen that privacy performance increases as power increases.
TABLE 1
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily conceivable by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The offshore area direction modulation method based on the assistance of the intelligent reflecting surface is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
under a dual-path model, the received signal power; obtaining the loss of each path based on the received signal power;
calculating guide vectors of B to U and B to E, guide vectors of B to R, guide vectors of R to U and guide vectors of R to E according to the dual-path model;
calculating the channels B to R, R to U, R to E, B to U and B to E according to the dual-path model;
calculating beam responses at U and E according to the dual-path model;
calculating transmission rates at U and E according to shannon's law;
and calculating the confidentiality rate of the intelligent reflection surface-assisted offshore area direction modulation scene according to the received signals.
2. The offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflector assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the received signal power is expressed as
Wherein h is t For transmitting antenna height, h r For receiving antenna height, P t G for transmitting power t For transmitting antenna gain, G r For receiving antenna gain, d is the distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, and λ is the wavelength.
3. The offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflector assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the loss per path is obtained from the received signal power as
Wherein h is t For transmitting antenna height, h r For receiving antenna height, P t G for transmitting power t For transmitting antenna gain, G r For receiving antenna gain, d is the distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, and λ is the wavelength.
4. The offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflector assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the B to U and B to E steering vectors are expressed as
Wherein f is the signal frequency, c is the wave velocity, d n (n=0, 1,) N-1 is the spacing between the zeroth and nth antennas, θ is the transmission angle from B to U and from B to E, N is the number of antennas equipped with B, [ number of antennas] T Is a transpose operation.
5. The offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflector assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guiding vectors of B to R, R to U and R to E are respectively
Wherein,for the transmission angle B to R, +.>And->Transmission angles, x, from R to U and R to E, respectively y (y=0, 1, …, Y-1) is the spacing between the zeroth and the yh electromagnetic units of the intelligent reflective surface.
6. The offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflector assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the B to R, R to U, R to E, B to U and B to E channels are represented as
h BU ＝r BU ·s(f,θ)
h BE ＝r BE ·s(f,θ)
Where, is a point multiplication, f is the signal frequency,for the transmission angle B to R, +.>And->The transmission angles from R to U and R to E, respectively, θ being from B to U and B to EE transmission angle, r BR For the transmission angle from B to R, +.>For the steering vector B to R, R RU For the transmission angle from R to U, +.>For the steering vector B to R, R RE R is the transmission angle from R to E BU For the transmission angle from B to U, r BE S is the steering vector of B to U and E for the transmission angle from B to E.
7. The offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflector assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beam responses v at U and E ε,U And v ε,E Respectively is
Wherein h is BR For B to R channel, h RU For R to U channel, h RE For R to E channel, h BU For the B to U channel, h BE For B to E channels, w ε For the weight vector of B corresponding to the epsilon-th symbol,weight vector for R corresponding to epsilon-th symbol [] H Is a conjugate transpose operation.
8. The offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflector assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmission rates at U and E are respectively according to shannon's law
Wherein,and->The noise powers received for U and E, respectively, v ε,U And v ε,E The beam responses at U and E, respectively.
9. The offshore area direction modulation method based on intelligent reflector assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the privacy rate is calculated as follows:
wherein R is U For the transmission rate at U, R E For the transmission rate at E, t is the signal amplitude at U, t 0 For the signal amplitude at E,and->The noise powers received by U and E, respectively.
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