CN117639944A - Multichannel X-ray communication method and system - Google Patents
Multichannel X-ray communication method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-channel X-ray communication system, which comprises: the receiving module is integrated, a plurality of X-rays with transmission information, which are transmitted by the transmitting module in an integrated manner, are respectively received, an X-ray optical signal is converted into an electric signal, the electric signal is demodulated and the signal to noise ratio is calculated, and a calculation result is fed back to the transmitting module in an integrated manner; the transmitting module is integrated and used for receiving the calculation result and indicating the X-ray transmitter assembly to transmit the adjusted X-rays with the transmission information. The self-adaptive system for link feedback regulation is introduced, the transmission state is changed in real time, and the quality of transmission signals and the stable communication rate are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of X-ray communication technologies, and in particular, to a multi-channel X-ray communication method and system.
Background
The X-ray communication is a method for loading information on X-ray characteristic parameters to transfer information, and the existing X-ray communication mainly adopts a typical intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) mode to carry out communication, and the principle is as follows: loading information to be transmitted on the intensity of the pulsed X-rays at a transmitting end, and completing data transmission by using the X-rays loaded with the information; and (3) measuring the intensity change of the pulsed X-rays by using a high-time-resolution X-ray detector at a receiving end, and restoring initial information to complete the communication process. The X-ray communication technology has the characteristics of large communication capacity, low free space loss, strong directionality, confidentiality and the like, and is suitable for special occasion communication such as long-distance deep space communication, space navigation, black barrier area communication and the like.
At present, the X-ray communication mainly adopts a typical intensity modulation-direct detection mode for communication, which is a single-receiving single-shot point-to-point communication process. However, due to hardware problems such as low repetition frequency, small bandwidth, and long attenuation time of the scintillator at the receiving end of the commercial X-ray tube at the transmitting end, the performance of X-ray communication is restricted. And the channel state can not be sensed, the transmitting power of the existing X-ray source has a limit value, the transmitting power is difficult to improve, and the channel state can only be transmitted in a redundant mode in a plasma environment with rapid change of the channel state, so that a large amount of power is wasted, and the communication rate is low.
Compared with a single-receiving single-transmitting system, the multi-channel communication has the defect that the problem is difficult to solve: the usual array structure design of multiple channels necessarily causes crosstalk between signals. Because of the large energy of X-ray photons, the mechanism of influence of photons from different emission ends on array communication is not clear; meanwhile, under a complex environment, the channel state is changeable, and the link mechanism is unclear.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the method adopts a multi-receiving and multi-transmitting means, introduces an adaptive system, changes the transmission state in real time, and ensures the quality of transmission signals and stable communication rate. The scheme is as follows:
the application discloses a multichannel X-ray communication system, includes: the receiving module is integrated, a plurality of X-rays with transmission information, which are transmitted by the transmitting module in an integrated manner, are respectively received, an X-ray optical signal is converted into an electric signal, demodulation and signal-to-noise ratio calculation are carried out on the electric signal, and a calculation result is fed back to the transmitting module for integration; the transmitting module is integrated, receives the calculation result and instructs the X-ray transmitter assembly to transmit the adjusted X-rays with the transmission information.
Further, the transmitting module integration includes: a high voltage module providing a voltage; the self-adaptive adjusting module is used for receiving the feedback calculation result and calculating an X-ray emission strategy; and an X-ray emitter assembly for emitting X-rays with transmission information according to the emission strategy.
Further, wherein the X-ray emitter assembly comprises: a plurality of X-ray emitters that emit a plurality of X-rays; and the switch controllers are used for respectively carrying out modulation control on the X-ray emitters according to the emission strategy and controlling a plurality of X-ray combinations to transmit information in parallel.
Further, the emission module integration further comprises a collimation module for collimating the emitted X-rays.
Further, the X-ray emitter is a hot or cold or photocathode X-ray source; the X-ray detector is a hard X-ray detector.
Further, the receiving module integration includes: the X-ray detectors respectively receive corresponding X-rays and convert the corresponding X-rays into electric signals; and the self-adaptive sensing module is used for demodulating the electric signal and calculating the signal to noise ratio, and feeding back a calculation result to the transmitting module for integration.
Further, the receiving module integration further includes: the focusing module is used for detecting the focused X-rays; and the front-end signal processing module is used for preprocessing the electric signal after the X-ray optical signal is converted.
The application also relates to a multichannel X-ray communication method of the communication system, wherein the S1 transmitting module is used for integrally modulating and transmitting a plurality of X-rays with transmission information; s2, the receiving module is integrated to respectively receive a plurality of X-rays, convert X-ray optical signals into electric signals, demodulate the electric signals and calculate signal to noise ratio, and feed back calculation results to the transmitting module for integration; s3, the transmitting module integrally receives the feedback calculation result and instructs the X-ray transmitter to modulate and transmit the adjusted X-rays with transmission information; and S4, the receiving module integrally restores the received X-rays with the transmission information.
Further, the method for calculating the signal-to-noise ratio and indicating the X-ray emitter to emit the adjusted X-ray with transmission information comprises the following steps: the self-adaptive sensing module demodulates the received electric signals to obtain channel state information; and comparing the channel state information with each coding threshold interval, if the channel state information is in the threshold interval, feeding back a calculation result to a transmitting module for integration, and integrating and correcting a transmitting strategy to a strategy corresponding to the threshold interval by the transmitting module to instruct an X-ray transmitter component to transmit the adjusted X-rays with transmission information.
Further, the method for integrating and correcting the transmission strategy corresponding to the threshold interval by the transmission module comprises the following steps: and respectively carrying out modulation control on the X-ray emitters according to the emission strategy through a plurality of switch controllers, so that a plurality of X-rays transmit information in parallel.
Further, before the signal-to-noise ratio is calculated, confirming that the effective information probability of the channel state information in unit time exceeds a fixed value, and then performing the signal-to-noise ratio calculation.
Further, the signal-to-noise ratio calculating method comprises the following steps: calculating noise power, and carrying out noise power spectrum statistics on an output signal of the X-ray detector when no transmission information is added; calculating signal power, pre-interleaving pilot frequencies with fixed lengths in the electric signals, counting the amplitudes of different signals at all pilot frequencies, and replacing the signal power by using the square of the average amplitude of the signals; the signal to noise ratio is estimated based on the noise power and the signal power.
Further, the method for the receiving module to integrate and restore the transmitted information comprises the following steps: calculating the link gain of each transmitting end to each receiving end to form a transmission matrix; and correcting and restoring each received X-ray by using the transmission matrix.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the patent builds a multi-receiving multi-transmitting array X-ray communication system and a communication method, and (one) improves the communication rate and quality of system communication by means of space diversity and data gain. The space diversity, namely the array communication mode, enables a plurality of transmitting ends to simultaneously transmit a signal, thereby improving the anti-interference capability. Multiplexing gain is that a plurality of transmitting ends transmit different signals at the same time, so that the improvement of information transmission throughput is realized.
And secondly, in order to further ensure the communication quality, the self-adaptive system for link feedback regulation is introduced, the link state is estimated in real time through a real-time signal-to-noise ratio estimation device, the information modulation and coding mode is self-adaptively regulated, the balance of the communication rate and the communication quality is realized under the fluctuation channel environment, and the communication capacity of the system is maximized. The mode ensures the quality of transmission signals and stable communication rate by changing the transmission state in real time. This is of great significance for channel environment communications with time-varying states.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel X-ray communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an array type X-ray communication method with real-time adaptive adjustment according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows the results of the error-tolerant rate BER and SNR requirements experiments and simulations corresponding to different modulation methods according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a signal frame design of a real-time signal-to-noise ratio estimation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an X-ray emission strategy diagram of a multi-channel X-ray communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated below in connection with the drawings and the specific embodiments.
The present invention relates to a multi-channel X-ray communication system, comprising: the transmitting module is integrated and transmits X-rays with transmission information in a plurality of strips; the receiving module is integrated, respectively receives a plurality of X rays, converts an X ray optical signal into an electric signal, calculates the signal to noise ratio of the electric signal, and feeds back a calculation result to the transmitting module for integration; and the transmitting module is integrated to receive the calculation result and instruct the X-ray transmitter to transmit the adjusted X-rays with transmission information.
Specifically: the X-ray communication device adopted by the invention is characterized in that the transmitting module integration and the receiving module integration are respectively composed of a plurality of transmitting modules and a plurality of receiving modules. All the emitting modules or the receiving modules are arranged in an O shape and are placed in the same plane, an X-ray emitter component, a self-adaptive adjusting module and the like can be integrated in the integration of the emitting modules, all devices of the emitting end are uniformly packaged by heavy metals, and the X-rays are prevented from leaking from the non-emitting end. The high voltage control module is external to the package and provides high voltage to the overall emitter module. And the self-adaptive adjusting module is used for receiving the feedback calculation result and calculating an X-ray emission strategy. And an X-ray emitter assembly for emitting X-rays with transmission information according to the emission strategy. The emission module assembly may further comprise a collimator for collimating the emitted X-rays.
More specifically, the X-ray emitter assembly may include a plurality of X-ray emitters, such as grid-controlled X-ray sources, for emitting a plurality of X-rays, and a plurality of switch controllers for respectively performing modulation control on the plurality of X-ray emitters according to an emission strategy, such as controlling on or off control of the X-ray emitters, or controlling on-angle, width, and the like, so as to control a plurality of X-ray combination transmission information. Wherein the X-ray emitter may be a hot cathode X-ray source, a cold cathode X-ray source, a photocathode X-ray source, or the like.
The receiving module is integrated to be composed of a plurality of X-ray detectors, and the self-adaptive sensing module is integrated. The self-adaptive sensing module demodulates the electric signal and calculates the signal to noise ratio, and feeds back the calculation result to the transmitting module for integration. Wherein the X-ray detector may be a fast time resolution hard X-ray detector such as cadmium tungstate, lutetium yttrium silicate scintillation crystal (LYSO), or other organic scintillators, etc.
Further, the receiving module integration further comprises a front-end signal processing module and a focusing module, and the front-end signal processing module and the focusing module are used for focusing the X-rays before detecting the X-rays. The front-end signal processing module is used for preprocessing the electric signals after the X-ray optical signals are converted, wherein the preprocessing comprises filtering forming, noise reduction, baseline restoration, zero cancellation and the like.
In practical application, the transmitting module and the receiving module are often integrated and packaged together, wherein the self-adaptive adjusting module and the self-adaptive sensing module can be combined into one device, namely the self-adaptive module, namely the device can not only receive the information carried by the X-rays, but also can transmit the X-rays again according to practical situations. As shown in fig. 1, the device is designed to be light in overall weight, and the portability requirement is ensured.
The application also discloses a method for performing multi-channel X-ray communication by using the system, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flow chart of an array type X-ray communication method with real-time self-adaptive adjustment according to an embodiment of the invention. The method may be summarized as being,
the S1 transmitting module integrally transmits a plurality of X-rays with transmission information.
S2, the receiving module is integrated to respectively receive a plurality of X rays, converts an X ray optical signal into an electric signal, calculates the signal to noise ratio of the electric signal, and feeds back a calculation result to the transmitting module for integration;
and S3, the transmitting module integrally receives the calculation result and instructs the X-ray transmitter to transmit the adjusted X-rays with transmission information.
Further, the emission module integration comprises a high-voltage module, an adaptive adjustment module, an X-ray emitter assembly (comprising a plurality of X-ray emitters and a plurality of switch controllers) and a collimation module. The receiving module integration comprises a focusing module, a front-end signal processing module, a plurality of X-ray detectors and an adaptive sensing module. The multi-channel X-ray communication method in this application can be further described as:
s1, a plurality of X-ray emitters modulate and emit X-rays with transmission information in a plurality of strips, and the X-rays pass through a collimation module and are emitted after being collimated.
The S2 focusing module detects X-rays after focusing and converts the optical signals into electric signals by a plurality of X-ray detectors, and the front-end signal processing module carries out preprocessing on the electric signals, wherein the preprocessing can comprise filter forming, noise reduction, baseline restoration, zero cancellation, information extraction and the like. The self-adaptive sensing module demodulates the preprocessed electric signals to obtain channel state information in the electric signals, calculates the signal to noise ratio of the electric signals, and sends the calculation result to the transmitting module for integration.
S21 it should be noted that the validity of the channel information needs to be confirmed before the signal-to-noise ratio is calculated in S2.
In order to prevent poor channel state, the present application adopts a maximum redundancy method, i.e. if the pulse signal of multiple channels reaches a certain effective information rate, the signal is judged to be correct. Therefore, before the snr calculation, the effective information rate of the channel state information in the unit time needs to be confirmed, and if the probability rate exceeds a fixed value, the snr calculation is performed.
Specifically, a method of encoding a channel may be adopted, where the encoding mode is RS convolutional code. The bit rate refers to the bit rate, which is an index for measuring the accuracy of data transmission in a specified time, and the bit error rate is an index for measuring the accuracy of data transmission in a specified time, wherein the bit error rate=the error code in transmission/the total number of transmitted codes is 100%, and the accuracy of data transmission in a unit time can be controlled by controlling the bit rate and the bit error rate. The application sets the error rate to 10 -4 The code rate is at least 2/3. I.e. bit error rate 10 -4 And when the code rate is at least 2/3, the effective information of the default channel is correct. The error rate set by the method is far lower than 3.8X10-3 commonly used in the industry.
The reason for this error rate selection is shown in fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a statistical diagram of experimental and simulation results of BER and SNR for different modulation schemes. As can be seen from the graph, the bit error rate BER is 10 -4 When the corresponding code rate RS is set to be 2/3, 1 and 2, the signal to noise ratio is setWhen the specific SNR is 9 or more. At the moment, not only the error rate meets the industry requirement, but also the signal-to-noise ratio SNR meets the requirement of more than 5. (due to experimentally measured SNR)>5, the communication quality can be ensured).
S22, the application discloses a signal frame design of a real-time signal-to-noise ratio estimation device, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the idle bit is always kept at a high level, the start bit is added before the signal starts, the pilot signal is connected later (the pilot frequency is 1010 sequences in the time domain and has an indefinite length), the data occupy 13000 bits, and the pull-up signal is in an idle state after the end bit of the low level. As shown in fig. 4, the signal frame design of the real-time signal-to-noise ratio estimation device.
After the receiving module integrates signals detected by the X-ray detector, preprocessing such as filtering, threshold comparison, signal judgment and the like are carried out, and a channel pilot frequency starting sequence is searched according to the change state from the idle bit to the starting bit.
S23, the application discloses a signal-to-noise ratio rapid real-time estimation method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the signal-to-noise quality of the channel signal requires calculating the noise power and the signal power of the channel link. The noise power can be obtained by carrying out noise power spectrum statistics on the output signal of the detector when no signal is added. The signal power is calculated by pre-interleaving pilot frequencies in the signal and guiding the pilot frequency length, counting the amplitudes of the '0' and '1' signals at all pilot frequencies, replacing the signal power by the average amplitude square of the signal, simplifying the calculation, and performing division operation and logarithmic operation only when the pilot frequency signal is invalid, thereby greatly reducing the complexity of the circuit.
And S3, calculating an X-ray emission strategy by the self-adaptive adjusting module in the emission module integration according to the calculation result, and respectively controlling modulation control of a plurality of X-ray emitters by utilizing a plurality of switch controllers to control the X-ray emitters to emit a plurality of pieces of adjusted X-ray transmission information.
S31, in the step S3, according to the signal-to-noise ratio, a method for selecting an X-ray emission strategy is specifically as follows:
the self-adaptive sensing module demodulates the electric signal, acquires channel state information therein and calculates a signal to noise ratio thereof, compares the signal to noise ratio of the channel state information with each coding threshold interval of a transmitter transmitting end, feeds back a calculation result to the transmitting module for integration if the channel state information is within a certain coding threshold, and corrects a transmitting strategy corresponding to the coding threshold by the self-adaptive adjusting module in the transmitting module integration to instruct the X-ray transmitter assembly to transmit the adjusted X-ray with transmission information. Specifically, through a plurality of switch controllers, the X-ray emitters are respectively modulated according to the emission strategy, namely, the X-ray emitters are controlled in a mode of opening or closing or opening angle, opening size and the like, so that a plurality of X-rays are combined to transmit information.
The coding threshold MCS in the application is that the signal to noise ratio is 5 < SNR < 8, SNR < 13, SNR < 17 and SNR < 17. The application also discloses transmission strategies at different signal-to-noise ratios, as shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 selection of emission strategies at different signal-to-noise ratios
As table 1 discloses 4 transmission strategies, when the signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than 8 and larger than 5, diversity parallel transmission is adopted, that is, all channels transmit one signal, so as to ensure the information correctness. When the signal-to-noise ratio is 8-13, the OOK mode is adopted to transmit signals, and the code rate is 2/3. I.e. 2 valid information out of 3 bits, the other is a check bit. When the signal-to-noise ratio is 13-17, the OOK mode is adopted to transmit signals, the code rate is 1, and the signals are transmitted without redundancy; when the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 17, a 4-QAM mode is adopted to transmit signals, and the code rate is 2, namely each bit contains two pieces of information. QAM and OOK are different modulation strategies for the transmitted signals, i.e. different loading modes for the signals are set in different channels.
In general, in the present application, the adaptive sensing module in the receiving module integration counts the pilot frequency intensity information, calculates the real-time signal-to-noise ratio of the communication channel, and sends the calculation result of the signal-to-noise ratio to the adaptive transmitting module in the transmitting module integration, where the adaptive transmitting module determines the frame structure information of the transmitting signal according to the signal-to-noise ratio information reported by the array, so as to implement the overall adaptive adjustment function. The relationship between signal-to-noise ratio and transmission strategy can be seen with reference to fig. 5. When the signal-to-noise ratio is high and the bit error rate is low, the modulation order and the coding efficiency (the modulation order refers to the information quantity efficiency represented by one byte in the channel) need to be increased. When the signal-to-noise ratio is high and the bit error rate is high, the element period of modulating the new number is increased, namely the communication rate is reduced, so that each signal transmission time is prolonged, and more signal processing time is left. When the signal-to-noise ratio is low and the bit error rate is low, the coding efficiency is increased, and when the signal-to-noise ratio is low and the bit error rate is high, the modulation order is reduced.
In addition, all X-ray transmitters transmit signals in parallel, the signals are encoded by the self-adaptive adjusting module and added into a pilot sequence, the communication rate can be doubled theoretically by utilizing the spatial multiplexing gain, the signal-to-noise ratio state of a channel is calculated by the receiving end self-adaptive sensing module according to the pilot sequence and is transmitted back to the transmitting end self-adaptive adjusting module, and the self-adaptive adjusting module changes the transmission modes and the signal encoding modes of different transmitting sources according to the current signal-to-noise ratio state, so that the self-adaptive process of the communication system is realized.
S4, the receiving module integrates and restores the transmitted information.
After confirming that the signal information is correct, the signal reaches a corresponding receiving end after being transmitted by a channel, and the self-adaptive sensing module of the receiving end restores the information. Because the X-ray is a line-of-sight link, crosstalk exists between different signals, and the crosstalk seen by the signals is restored, namely the received information Y is corrected.
x is the transmission matrix, Y is the received signal matrix,is a transmission matrix; for a multi-shot system,
h ij the link gain of the ith transmitting end to the jth receiving end is the direct current gain accords with the modified Langmuir luminous model for the X-ray communication system, namely:
wherein isThe spatial angle, phi, is the angle between the detector and the source, and θ is the maximum half-beam angle;
calculating each link gain h by a modified Langmuir model ij Forming a transmission matrixThe initial transmission information can be obtained by correcting the received signal at the receiving end, and the information transmission process is completed.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various equivalent changes (such as number, shape, position, etc.) may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and these equivalent changes all fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-channel X-ray communication system, comprising:
the receiving module is integrated, a plurality of X-rays with transmission information, which are transmitted by the transmitting module in an integrated manner, are respectively received, an X-ray optical signal is converted into an electric signal, demodulation and signal-to-noise ratio calculation are carried out on the electric signal, and a calculation result is fed back to the transmitting module for integration;
the transmitting module is integrated, receives the calculation result and instructs the X-ray transmitter assembly to transmit the adjusted X-rays with the transmission information.
2. The multi-channel X-ray communication system of claim 1, wherein the transmit module integration comprises:
a high voltage module providing a voltage;
the self-adaptive adjusting module is used for receiving the feedback calculation result and calculating an X-ray emission strategy;
and an X-ray emitter assembly for emitting X-rays with transmission information according to the emission strategy.
3. The multi-channel X-ray communication system of claim 2, wherein the X-ray emitter assembly comprises:
a plurality of X-ray emitters that emit a plurality of X-rays;
and the switch controllers are used for respectively carrying out modulation control on the X-ray emitters according to the emission strategy and controlling a plurality of X-ray combinations to transmit information in parallel.
4. The multi-channel X-ray communication system of claim 1, wherein the receive module integration comprises:
the X-ray detectors respectively receive corresponding X-rays and convert the corresponding X-rays into electric signals;
and the self-adaptive sensing module is used for demodulating the electric signal and calculating the signal to noise ratio, and feeding back a calculation result to the transmitting module for integration.
5. A multi-channel X-ray communication method using the communication system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that,
s1, an emission module integrally emits a plurality of X-rays with transmission information;
s2, the receiving module is integrated to respectively receive a plurality of X-rays, convert X-ray optical signals into electric signals, demodulate the electric signals and calculate signal to noise ratio, and feed back calculation results to the transmitting module for integration;
s3, the transmitting module integrally receives the feedback calculation result and instructs the X-ray transmitter to modulate and transmit the adjusted X-rays with transmission information;
and S4, the receiving module integrally restores the received X-rays with the transmission information.
6. The multi-channel X-ray communication method of claim 5, wherein calculating a signal-to-noise ratio, the X-ray method instructing the X-ray emitter to emit the adjusted band transmission information comprises:
the self-adaptive sensing module demodulates the received electric signals to obtain channel state information;
and comparing the channel state information with each coding threshold interval, if the channel state information is in the threshold interval, feeding back a calculation result to a transmitting module for integration, and integrating and correcting a transmitting strategy to a strategy corresponding to the threshold interval by the transmitting module to instruct an X-ray transmitter component to transmit the adjusted X-rays with transmission information.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method of integrating the emission strategy corrected to the threshold interval by the emission module comprises: and respectively carrying out modulation control on the X-ray emitters according to the emission strategy through a plurality of switch controllers, so that a plurality of X-rays transmit information in parallel.
8. The multi-channel X-ray communication method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the signal-to-noise ratio calculation is performed after confirming that the effective information probability of the channel state information per unit time exceeds a fixed value before the signal-to-noise ratio calculation.
9. The multi-channel X-ray communication method according to claim 5, wherein the signal-to-noise ratio calculating method comprises:
calculating noise power, and carrying out noise power spectrum statistics on an output signal of the X-ray detector when no transmission information is added;
calculating signal power, pre-interleaving pilot frequencies with fixed lengths in the electric signals, counting the amplitudes of different signals at all pilot frequencies, and replacing the signal power by using the square of the average amplitude of the signals;
the signal to noise ratio is estimated based on the noise power and the signal power.
10. The multi-channel X-ray communication method according to claim 5, wherein the method for the receiving module to integrate and restore the transmitted information comprises:
calculating the link gain of each transmitting end to each receiving end to form a transmission matrix;
and correcting and restoring each received X-ray by using the transmission matrix.
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