CN117638878B - Relay protection analysis method for distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network based on probability model - Google Patents

Relay protection analysis method for distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network based on probability model Download PDF

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CN117638878B
CN117638878B CN202311527919.1A CN202311527919A CN117638878B CN 117638878 B CN117638878 B CN 117638878B CN 202311527919 A CN202311527919 A CN 202311527919A CN 117638878 B CN117638878 B CN 117638878B
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photovoltaic power
power
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photovoltaic
distribution network
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CN117638878A (en
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曾伟华
刘正楷
许云鹏
郝翠甲
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Tongling Power Supply Co of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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Tongling Power Supply Co of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a probability model-based relay protection analysis method for a distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network, which relates to the technical field of relay protection of the power distribution network and comprises the following steps: modeling a distributed photovoltaic power station to form a photovoltaic power generation system model; the formed photovoltaic power generation system model is connected into a power distribution network to form a relay protection topology model of the power distribution network; calculating a probability model of the accessed photovoltaic power generation system model; and carrying out relay protection analysis according to the probability model of the photovoltaic power generation system model, and analyzing the influence of the access of the photovoltaic power generation system model on relay protection. The method comprises a distributed photovoltaic probability model and relay protection analysis of the power distribution network, based on the influence analysis of the distributed photovoltaic large-scale grid connection on the relay protection, the distributed photovoltaic output model is quantized, the influence of the distributed photovoltaic on the protection control of the power distribution network is analyzed by the angle of the power supply probability model, and technical support is provided for relay protection analysis, safety and stability operation of the power distribution network.

Description

Relay protection analysis method for distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network based on probability model
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of relay protection of power distribution networks, in particular to a relay protection analysis method for a distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network based on a probability model.
Background
Because a large number of distributed Photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems are in grid-connected operation, the proportion of the photovoltaic power generation capacity to the total capacity of the system is higher and higher, the influence on the power system is gradually increased, the topology structure and the trend direction of a power distribution network are changed by large-scale access, so that the power distribution network becomes a power supply and distribution system with a multi-terminal power supply, the distributed photovoltaic is also used as the power supply to provide current after grid connection of an inverter, and when the power distribution network fails, the distributed photovoltaic provides short-circuit current, so that reverse fault current is caused, the sensitivity of a line protection device is influenced, the misoperation of a nearby line is influenced, and the like, and the actual relay protection is influenced.
The distributed photovoltaic grid connection is divided into two types according to grid connection voltage class, one type is 10kV or 35kV voltage class, the other type is 220V or 380V voltage class, a specific PV model can be adopted for modeling the distributed photovoltaic grid connection of 10kV and above voltage class, and the distributed photovoltaic grid connection of 220V or 380V has the characteristic of wide point and multiple faces, and the fitted PV model can be adopted for modeling. Meanwhile, the distributed photovoltaic serving as a power supply cannot provide a stable power generation curve like traditional fire power generation, water power generation and biomass power generation, and the distributed photovoltaic power generation is more greatly influenced by meteorological factors and has typical randomness and volatility characteristics.
In the current technical field of relay protection of power distribution networks, the influence of the distributed photovoltaic actual output condition on relay protection by taking the distributed photovoltaic actual output condition as a power model modeling is still blank.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network relay protection analysis method based on a probability model, and provides technical support for power distribution network relay protection analysis and safe and stable operation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, including:
a relay protection analysis method for a distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network based on a probability model comprises the following steps:
s1, modeling a distributed photovoltaic power station to form a photovoltaic power generation system model;
S2, the formed photovoltaic power generation system model is connected into a power distribution network to form a relay protection topology model of the power distribution network;
s3, calculating a probability model of the accessed photovoltaic power generation system model;
And S4, relay protection analysis is carried out according to the probability model of the photovoltaic power generation system model, and the influence of the access of the photovoltaic power generation system model on relay protection is analyzed.
In the step S1, single-station modeling is adopted for a large photovoltaic power station with high voltage grade; performing aggregation modeling on a small photovoltaic power station with low voltage level by taking a station area as a unit; taking a platform area with the capacity of the large photovoltaic power station and the capacity of the total assembly machine reaching a set value as a node to form a photovoltaic power generation system model;
wherein, the high voltage level is higher than the set threshold, and the low voltage level is lower than the set threshold.
The specific way of aggregate modeling by taking a transformer area as a unit for a small photovoltaic power station with low voltage level is as follows:
S11, taking a platform area of a power distribution network as a unit, and counting the total capacity of a small photovoltaic power station connected in the platform area;
s12, carrying out characteristic analysis on the small photovoltaic power station accessed under the transformer area according to grid-connected properties, power generation characteristics and space characteristics; wherein the grid-tie property includes: full surfing and spontaneous self-use and residual electricity surfing are both properties; the power generation characteristics include: generating curve, grid-connected characteristic and physical distribution characteristic;
S13, constructing a small photovoltaic power station cluster taking a platform area as a unit, namely, an aggregation model, and performing curve fitting by combining historical curves of all small photovoltaic power stations in the platform area to obtain a power curve of the small photovoltaic power station cluster of the platform area;
The generation power P (t) of the small photovoltaic power station cluster of the station area at the time t is as follows:
Wherein pi (t) is the power generated by the ith small photovoltaic power station in the district at time t, ki is the grid-connected coefficient of the ith small photovoltaic power station in the district, i=1, 2;
The power generation power of each small photovoltaic power station at a certain moment can be obtained by fitting according to a photovoltaic power generation historical power curve; the grid connection coefficient is obtained according to grid connection property, and ki=100% × (photovoltaic power generation history power curve-user history power load curve)/photovoltaic power generation history power curve.
In step S3, the 24-hour output curves of the photovoltaic power stations under different climatic conditions are analyzed, the actual power of the photovoltaic power stations are adopted to analyze, the historical power curves of the photovoltaic power stations, namely the photovoltaic power generation historical actual output and the photovoltaic power generation historical predicted output, the errors of the historical predicted output are counted through time period-output numerical classification counting and relative increment classification counting methods, probability distribution information of the predicted errors is obtained, uncertainty analysis and modeling are carried out on the predicted errors and probability distribution, and a probability model of the photovoltaic power generation system model is obtained.
In step S4, the influence of the photovoltaic power generation system model access on relay protection is analyzed, which is specifically as follows:
When the power distribution network fails, each node in the photovoltaic power generation system model provides different short-circuit power supplies according to different power generation powers; and when the installed capacity of the node is larger than a set value and the irradiance of sunlight is higher than the set value, the photovoltaic power generation system model provides reverse fault current according to the topological relation of the power grid.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The method takes the actual output condition of the distributed photovoltaic into consideration and uses the actual output condition of the distributed photovoltaic as a power model modeling for analyzing the relay protection influence.
(2) The invention discloses a relay protection analysis method for a distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network based on a probability model, which relates to distributed photovoltaic aggregation, a power distribution network topology network, a power generation system probability model and relay protection analysis, and provides technical support for relay protection analysis and safe and stable operation of the power distribution network by combining and applying multiple aspects of equivalent fitting, probability analysis, power distribution network topology analysis and the like of the distributed photovoltaic.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network relay protection analysis method based on a probability model.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a topology model of a power distribution network.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the photovoltaic power generation system over time on a sunny day.
Fig. 4 shows the change of the photovoltaic power generation system with time on overcast days.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart for constructing a probability model of a distributed photovoltaic power generation system.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a topology model of a power distribution network failure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses a probability model-based relay protection analysis method for a distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network, which comprises the following steps: distributed photovoltaic aggregation, a topological network of a power distribution network, a probability model of a power generation system and relay protection analysis,
S1, modeling a distributed photovoltaic power station, wherein single-station modeling is adopted for a large photovoltaic power station with high voltage level (10 kV or 35kV voltage level); performing aggregation modeling on a small photovoltaic power station with a low voltage level (220V or 380V voltage level) by taking a station area as a unit; and taking a large photovoltaic power station and a station area with the capacity of a total assembly machine reaching 10kV as nodes to form a photovoltaic power generation system model.
For example, a distributed roof photovoltaic power station is a small photovoltaic power station, the installation scale of each power station is generally between a few watts and hundreds of watts, and a single power station has less influence on a power distribution network, but a plurality of distributed roof photovoltaic power stations under the same grid-connected point of a same area can cause larger impact on the power distribution network, and even a tidal current reverse transmission condition occurs.
The method for performing aggregation modeling by taking the area as a unit is specifically as follows:
s11, taking a power distribution network area as a unit, and counting the total capacity of a small photovoltaic power station accessed in the area;
s12, dividing and analyzing the small photovoltaic power stations connected in the transformer areas according to grid-connected properties, power generation characteristics and space characteristics;
grid-tie properties include: full surfing (equal to the photovoltaic power generation historical power curve) and spontaneous self-use and residual electricity surfing (equal to the photovoltaic power generation historical power curve minus the user historical power load curve) are two properties;
The power generation characteristics include: three characteristics of a power generation curve (through historical curve fitting and extraction), grid connection characteristics (grid connection voltage class, grid connection point) and physical distribution (longitude and latitude);
S13, constructing a small photovoltaic power station cluster taking a platform area as a unit, namely an aggregation model, and simultaneously carrying out curve fitting by combining historical curves of all small photovoltaic power stations under the platform area to obtain a power curve of the small photovoltaic power station cluster of the platform area;
The generation power P (t) of the small photovoltaic power station cluster of the station area at the time t is as follows:
Wherein pi (t) is the power generated by the ith small photovoltaic power station in the district at time t, ki is the grid-connected coefficient of the ith small photovoltaic power station in the district, i=1, 2;
The power generation power of each small photovoltaic power station at a certain moment can be obtained by fitting according to a photovoltaic power generation historical power curve; the grid-connected coefficient can be obtained according to grid-connected property, and ki=100% × (photovoltaic power generation history power curve-user history power load curve)/photovoltaic power generation history power curve;
S2, accessing the photovoltaic power generation system model formed in the step S1 into a power distribution network to form a relay protection topology model of the power distribution network with a voltage class of 10 kV.
As shown in fig. 2, PV1 and PV2 are topological nodes in a photovoltaic power generation system model, namely, power sources connected to a power distribution network, wherein PV1 is a single model obtained by single-station modeling of a large photovoltaic power station with high voltage level (10 kV or 35kV voltage level), and PV2 is an aggregation model obtained by aggregation modeling of a plurality of small photovoltaic power stations with low voltage level (220V or 380V voltage level) by taking a station area as a unit. A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, D1, D2, E2, F2 are all breaker switches. Left sideIs an external large power grid equivalent power supply.
And S3, calculating a probability model of the accessed photovoltaic power generation system model.
The photovoltaic power generation system model is used as one of power sources of the power distribution network, the photovoltaic power generation output is greatly influenced by factors such as weather, and if the prediction of the photovoltaic power generation output can be accurately performed, the safe and stable operation of a power system after the photovoltaic power generation system model is connected into the power distribution network can be effectively ensured. The current prediction of the generated power of the photovoltaic power generation system model is used as the core business of photovoltaic power station operation and power grid dispatching operation, the power and electricity analysis is carried out in the day ahead and in the day, the relay protection of the power distribution network is used as the core for guaranteeing the safety and stability of the power system, the safety and reliability of the large power source at the power grid side, the maintenance of the power grid, the unstable distributed power source and the like are guaranteed, the relay protection topology model of the power distribution network is combined, the maximum operation mode of the system and the minimum operation mode of the system are taken as examples, and the following analysis and research are carried out on the photovoltaic power generation system model:
(1) Taking a photovoltaic power station installed in 220kW in a certain area as an example, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the 24-hour output curves under different climatic conditions are analyzed: for sunny days and cloudy days, the photovoltaic power station is obviously influenced by solar irradiance in the daytime, and the photovoltaic power station cannot generate electricity at night because the photovoltaic power station is not irradiated by the sun at night. Thus, the active power of the photovoltaic power plant is consistent with solar irradiance.
(2) Common power generation power indicators for photovoltaic power plants include theoretical power generation power and available power generation power. The theoretical power generation power refers to the power which can be generated when all inverters and related equipment in the station normally operate under the condition of light resources at a certain moment, and the integral electric quantity of the power is the theoretical power generation quantity of the photovoltaic power station at a certain period. The available power generation power refers to power which can be generated after blocking caused by equipment faults, defects or overhauls in the station are deducted, and the integral electric quantity of the power generation power is the available power generation quantity of the photovoltaic power station in a certain period.
In actual operation, the actual power of the photovoltaic power plant is affected by factors such as illumination intensity and weather conditions, so the following relationship exists: the actual power generation power is less than the available power generation power and less than or equal to the theoretical power generation power.
And in combination with a system maximum operation mode and a system minimum operation mode which are commonly used in relay protection, the deviation is larger when the theoretical generated power and the available generated power participate in a relay protection equivalent model, and the most accurate relay protection analysis is to adopt the actual generated power of the photovoltaic power station. The actual power generation power can be acquired through collection, and the real-time power generation power can be acquired in the current ammeter.
(3) The method is characterized in that a relay protection typical operation mode is combined, a photovoltaic power station is taken as a power supply, the relay protection typical operation mode can be divided into two cases, one is a case without output at all, solar irradiance is not used for division at night, the other is a case with consideration of photovoltaic power generation output, the actual output and probability prediction of the photovoltaic power station are considered, the output is predicted according to a historical power curve of the photovoltaic power station, namely the actual output of the photovoltaic power generation history and the photovoltaic power generation history, the error of the historical prediction output is counted through time period-output numerical classification counting and relative increment classification counting methods, probability distribution information of the prediction error is obtained, and a power-on mode and a maintenance mode of a power grid unit (a traditional power supply such as a thermal power unit, a hydroelectric unit and a nuclear power unit) are combined, and a probability distribution model with the distributed photovoltaic power station taken as the power supply is considered, so that the maximum and minimum operation modes of the system are formed.
(4) Building a probability model of the photovoltaic power generation system: the power prediction error and the prediction probability distribution of the distributed photovoltaic are subjected to uncertainty analysis and modeling, the model is processed based on different areas and large photovoltaic power stations according to different photovoltaic power generation scenes, and meanwhile, the probability distribution is combined to form a probability model of a distributed photovoltaic power generation system of the different areas and the large photovoltaic power stations.
And S4, relay protection analysis is carried out according to the probability model of the photovoltaic power generation system model, and the influence of the access of the photovoltaic power generation system model on relay protection is analyzed.
In the current 10kV power distribution network system, a 10kV feeder line is generally configured into three-section current protection, the protection fixed value of a current I section and a current II section is more than 1000A, and the overload protection fixed value takes 1.2In; two-terminal zero sequence overcurrent protection is generally configured for a small-resistance grounding system.
When the power distribution network breaks down, the distributed photovoltaic can provide different short-circuit power sources according to different generated power. When the distributed photovoltaic single-point installation is large and the irradiance of sunlight is high, the distributed photovoltaic may provide reverse fault current according to the grid topology.
As shown in fig. 5, taking a short-circuit fault on the line B1 side of A1B1 as an example, the system side provides a short-circuit current through A1, the PV1 provides a short-circuit current through A3-A1, the PV2 provides a short-circuit current through A3-B2-A1, if the distributed photovoltaic probability module is considered as PV1 and PV2 output force is 0, the short-circuit current is not provided, if the distributed photovoltaic probability module is considered as PV1 and PV2 output force maximum force, the PV1 and PV2 provide reverse fault current, and if the current passing through A2 and A3 is smaller than the current quick-break value of the outlet switches A2 and A3, no product influence is caused on the line current quick-break protection of the outlet A1; conversely, if PV1, PV2 provide a reverse fault current greater than the current quick disconnect value for line switches A2 and A3, quick disconnect protection for A1 will be affected.
In addition, the distributed photovoltaic probability model needs to be combined with a relay protection setting calculation principle, when the maximum value of the distributed photovoltaic probability model exceeds a certain proportion of the rated capacity of a line, the maximum reverse fault current provided by the distributed photovoltaic may exceed overload protection fixed values (the overload protection fixed value takes 1.2 In) of the outgoing line switch A2 and the outgoing line switch A3, and when the relay protection action logic fails to act at A1, the relay protection action logic A2 and the relay protection action logic A3 malfunction.
The influence on the traditional distribution network is achieved through distributed photovoltaic access, so that the distribution network becomes a multi-source system, and the direction and the influence on the distributed photovoltaic output are considered for relay protection of the distribution network.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The relay protection analysis method for the distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network based on the probability model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, modeling a distributed photovoltaic power station to form a photovoltaic power generation system model;
S2, the formed photovoltaic power generation system model is connected into a power distribution network to form a relay protection topology model of the power distribution network;
s3, calculating a probability model of the accessed photovoltaic power generation system model;
S4, relay protection analysis is carried out according to a probability model of the photovoltaic power generation system model, and the influence of the access of the photovoltaic power generation system model on relay protection is analyzed;
In the step S1, single-station modeling is adopted for a large photovoltaic power station with high voltage grade; performing aggregation modeling on a small photovoltaic power station with low voltage level by taking a station area as a unit; taking a large photovoltaic power station and a platform area with the capacity of the total assembly machine reaching a first set value as nodes to form a photovoltaic power generation system model;
wherein, the high voltage level is higher than the set threshold, and the low voltage level is lower than the set threshold;
In step S3, the 24-hour output curves of the photovoltaic power stations under different climatic conditions are analyzed, the actual power of the photovoltaic power stations are adopted to analyze, the historical power curves of the photovoltaic power stations, namely the photovoltaic power generation historical actual output and the photovoltaic power generation historical predicted output, the errors of the historical predicted output are counted through time period-output numerical classification counting and relative increment classification counting methods, probability distribution information of the predicted errors is obtained, uncertainty analysis and modeling are carried out on the predicted errors and probability distribution, and a probability model of the photovoltaic power generation system model is obtained.
2. The probability model-based relay protection analysis method for a distributed photovoltaic access distribution network, which is characterized by comprising the following specific modes of aggregate modeling for small photovoltaic power stations with low voltage levels by taking a station area as a unit:
S11, taking a platform area of a power distribution network as a unit, and counting the total capacity of a small photovoltaic power station connected in the platform area;
s12, carrying out characteristic analysis on the small photovoltaic power station accessed under the transformer area according to grid-connected properties, power generation characteristics and space characteristics; wherein the grid-tie property includes: full surfing and spontaneous self-use and residual electricity surfing are both properties; the power generation characteristics include: generating curve, grid-connected characteristic and physical distribution characteristic;
S13, constructing a small photovoltaic power station cluster taking a platform area as a unit, namely, an aggregation model, and performing curve fitting by combining historical curves of all small photovoltaic power stations in the platform area to obtain a power curve of the small photovoltaic power station cluster of the platform area;
The generation power P (t) of the small photovoltaic power station cluster of the station area at the time t is as follows:
Wherein pi (t) is the power generated by the ith small photovoltaic power station in the district at time t, ki is the grid-connected coefficient of the ith small photovoltaic power station in the district, i=1, 2;
The power generation power of each small photovoltaic power station at a certain moment can be obtained by fitting according to a photovoltaic power generation historical power curve; the grid connection coefficient is obtained according to grid connection property, and ki=100% × (photovoltaic power generation history power curve-user history power load curve)/photovoltaic power generation history power curve.
3. The probability model-based relay protection analysis method for the distributed photovoltaic access distribution network, which is disclosed in claim 1, comprises the following steps of:
When the power distribution network fails, each node in the photovoltaic power generation system model provides different short-circuit power supplies according to different power generation powers; and when the installed capacity of the node is larger than the second set value and the irradiance of sunlight is higher than the third set value, the photovoltaic power generation system model provides reverse fault current according to the topological relation of the power grid.
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