CN117638611A - Low-differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier based on graded refractive index structure - Google Patents

Low-differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier based on graded refractive index structure Download PDF

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CN117638611A
CN117638611A CN202311677110.7A CN202311677110A CN117638611A CN 117638611 A CN117638611 A CN 117638611A CN 202311677110 A CN202311677110 A CN 202311677110A CN 117638611 A CN117638611 A CN 117638611A
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mode
refractive index
core
few
erbium
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成煜
包盛辰
王志鹏
付益
陈明
苑立波
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a low-differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier based on a graded refractive index structure. The method is characterized in that: according to the propagation direction of the optical signal, the optical fiber comprises a signal mode multiplexer 1, optical isolators 2 and 8, a forward pumping coupler 3, a front wavelength division multiplexer 4, a graded index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber 5, a rear wavelength division multiplexer 6, a backward pumping coupler 7 and a space optical demultiplexer 9. The erbium-doped fiber with the graded refractive index structure is divided into four parts mainly according to refractive index distribution, and is divided into a high refractive index fiber core, a groove, a low refractive index fiber core and a cladding from inside to outside. Erbium ions doped in the core are designed using layered doping. According to the invention, the gain of the few-mode amplifier is improved through the bidirectional pumping structure, the range of doped rare earth ions is improved through the distribution of an optical field, and the Differential Mode Gain (DMG) between modes is reduced. The invention realizes that the signal light of five space modes is in 1520-1565 nm wave band, can realize gain larger than 20dB, and the differential mode gain of five modes is smaller than 1dB in the wave band, can be widely applied to relay light amplification in an optical communication system, and can enlarge the transmission capacity of signals.

Description

Low-differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier based on graded refractive index structure
Field of the art
The invention belongs to the field of optical communication, and relates to a low-differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier based on a graded refractive index structure.
(II) background art
At present, the mobile communication network of the mainstream in the world is moving from 4G to 5G, so that the demand of people for data transmission is greatly increased, but the data capacity of the current single-mode fiber for transmission cannot meet the demand of people due to shannon limit and nonlinear effect, so that people start to pursue multiplexing technology of signals from multiple dimensions, thereby expanding the capacity of the communication system, and deriving multiple multiplexing modes such as frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, mode division multiplexing and the like. In which mode division multiplexing realizes simultaneous transmission of a plurality of optical signals in a single optical fiber by using a few-mode optical fiber as a propagation medium and multiplexing and demultiplexing spatial modes of the optical signals, and an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier as a relay device is indispensable for realizing long-distance transmission of signals.
In order to match with the few-mode optical fibers used in the mode division multiplexing, the simultaneous transmission of multiple optical signal modes in space is completed, and the few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier is a necessary condition for realizing the transmission mode. At present, the long-distance transmission of optical signals has two main influencing factors, namely, the optical signals can be attenuated after long-distance transmission, and the signal receiving end needs that the light intensity of various optical signals is consistent after equidistant transmission. This leads to two indexes that can measure the merits of a few-mode amplifier suitable for long-distance mode division multiplexing systems, namely, gain coefficients in the operating band and intermode gain Differences (DMG) between modes.
The patent application number 202210192625.7 provides an erbium-ytterbium co-doped few-mode fiber amplifier, which is characterized in that the band with the gain coefficient larger than 20dB in the C band is 1535-1565 nm and is lower than the working band of the invention by simultaneously doping erbium ions and ytterbium ions and using the refractive index distribution of M type.
The patent application No. 201910880134.X provides a few-mode erbium doped fiber amplifier based on layered doping and layered step-index design, which describes its design concept in more detail, but does not involve analog or actual performance testing.
Patent application number "202310414216.1" provides a six-mode fiber based on a multilayer refractive index and doping design that is not analyzed for multi-wavelength, different mode optical signals.
The literature "Qi Zhao:. Jianjun Tang, et al, few-mode erbium-doped fiber with trench and weak coupling for mode gain equalization based on layered-doping technology J:. Applied Optics vol.62, issue 17, pp.4482-4489 (2023)" provides a step index and trench structured few-mode erbium doped fiber designed to have a low back-end gain in the C-band and a lower operating band width and highest gain factor than the present invention.
Document "Wenxuan Xu, li Pei, at al, long-distance modal power equalization with hybrid pumped FM-EDFA [ J ]]Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2023,40 (5): 1231-1239 "provides a few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on a mixed cladding-pumped and core-pumped pumping structure, the amplifier structure built by this document being more complex due to the presence of two pumping modes, its DMG in the operating band max Above the present invention and the average gain is below the present invention.
Literature "Herbster, AF; romero, MA, design of a FM-EDFA with Gain Correction for Few-Mode WDM Optical Networks [ C ].2019 SBFOTON INTERNATIONAL OPTICS AND PHOTONICS CONFERENCE,2019 "provides a gain-adjustable low-mode erbium-doped fiber amplification system based on GFF compensation, the invention does not use GFF for gain compensation, the highest gain in the working band is lower than the patent, and the number of transmissible spatial modes is less than the invention.
In summary, the current graded-index distributed few-mode amplifier has less research, and the current few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier has lower overall gain and shorter working band. In summary, aiming at the problems that the overall gain of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier is low and the working band is short, which is not solved by the prior art, the patent proposes to regulate the distribution of the optical field in the optical fiber by changing the refractive index distribution curve of the few-mode fiber, optimize the concentration distribution of doped rare earth ions according to the optical field distribution, change the mode distribution of pumping light, and optimize the overlapping factor of pumping and signal light, thereby increasing the overall amplification gain, expanding the working band and reducing the DMG. The invention can obtain higher gain and lower DMG by combining the two modes of optimizing gain and DMG, thereby providing a new solution to the problems.
(III) summary of the invention
The invention provides a design idea of a low-differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on a graded refractive index structure, which aims to solve the problems that the overall gain of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier is low and the working band is short.
In order to realize that the gains of the five LP mode optical signals are all more than 20dB in 1520-1565 nm wave bands, gain is improved max Greater than 30dB, DMG max Less than 1dB, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a low-differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier based on a graded refractive index structure. According to the propagation direction of the optical signal, the optical fiber comprises a signal mode multiplexer 1, optical isolators 2 and 8, a forward pumping coupler 3, a front wavelength division multiplexer 4, a graded index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber 5, a rear wavelength division multiplexer 6, a backward pumping coupler 7 and a space optical demultiplexer 9.
Preferably, the signal mode multiplexer in the present invention allows multiplexing of signal lights of five LP modes, the input power range of which is-35 to-20 dBm, and the five LP modes are LP respectively 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a 、LP 21b The working wave band is 1520-1565 nm.
The forward pumping coupler of the invention adopts a fiber core pumping mode to finish the forward pumping of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber, and is excited by 980nmThe laser comprises an optical device, a mode selector and a pumping mode multiplexer, wherein the output power range is 250-300 mw, and the mode selector converts an optical signal emitted by the laser into LP 21a LP 21b The optical signals of the two modes are coupled through the pump mode multiplexer to be pumped.
The front-end wavelength division multiplexer can couple the forward pump light sent by the forward pump coupler and the signal light multiplexed by the signal mode multiplexer to finish the input of the signal light and the forward pump light.
The graded-index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber is divided into four areas of an inner fiber core, a groove, an outer fiber core and a cladding according to different refractive index designs. Wherein, the inner fiber core and the outer fiber core are designed by adopting alpha refractive index, and the expression is as follows:wherein n is 1,3 (r) is the refractive index of the inner core diameter corresponding to the refractive index of the outer core diameter, r is the core radius, and the value of r is related to the range of r, and the expression is:
preferably, in the present invention n 1,3 A is the refractive index of the fiber core at the center of the fiber core or the refractive index of the fiber core at the junction of the groove and the outer fiber core 1,2 For the invention to self-set parameters g 1,2 Is an inner fiber core or an outer fiber core gradual change index; refractive index n of fiber core 1 1.45, a 1 In the range of 2.5 to 3 g 1 In the inner core, the core radius r is in the range of 2 to 2.5, and the inner core radius r 1 Is uniform in the range of the inner core radius r 1 The range of (2) is 9.5-11.5 mu m; in the outer fiber core, the refractive index n at the junction of the outer fiber core and the groove 3 The refractive index of the edge of the inner fiber core is the same as that of the edge of the inner fiber core, the a 2 The range is 2.5-3, the gradual index g of the outer fiber core 2 In the range of 2 to 2.5, the outer core radius r 3 The range of (2) is 21-22.5 mu m; the graded refractive index structure has few modes and is doped with erbiumGroove refractive index n of optical fiber 2 1.4469 and the refractive index difference between the inner core edge and the groove is 0.001-0.012, the groove width d is 1-1.2 μm, and the core diameter r at the junction of the groove and the outer core 2 The range of (2) is 11.5-12.5 mu m; the cladding radius of the graded-index structured few-mode erbium-doped fiber is 62.5 mu m.
Preferably, the graded-index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber of the invention sets the doping concentration of different doping layers as N according to the optical field distribution 1 :N 2 :N 3 Is 1:2.5:2, the doping concentration is 280ppm-wt, 700ppm-wt and 350ppm-wt respectively.
The backward pumping coupler in the invention finishes the input of backward pumping light, the backward pumping coupler has the same structure as the forward pumping coupler, and the mode selector converts the optical signal emitted by the laser into LP 01 LP 21b The invention uses fiber core pumping mode to complete the backward pumping of the erbium-doped fiber with few modes, in order to balance the gain difference between the high-order mode and the fundamental mode, reduce the DMG between modes and convert into LP 01 Mode 980nm laser power range is 200-250 mw, converted into LP 21b The 980nm laser power range of the mode is 500-550 mw.
The input end of the rear wavelength division multiplexer is respectively connected with the few-mode erbium-doped fiber and the backward pumping coupler, the output end of the rear wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the space optical demultiplexer to finish backward injection of pumping light, and the rear wavelength division multiplexer, the forward pumping coupler and the few-mode erbium-doped fiber form an optical fiber amplifier with a complete bidirectional pumping structure.
The space optical demultiplexer is connected with the output end of the post wavelength division multiplexer to complete the demultiplexing of the signal lights with different space modes.
The two optical isolators are respectively connected with the output end of the signal mode multiplexer and the input end of the post wavelength division multiplexer, so that the interference of the back light and ASE noise to the amplifying process is prevented.
Preferably, when the input power of the input signal light is-35 to-20 dBm, the gain is larger than 20dB at 1520-1565 nm wave band and the DMG of the five signal light modes is smaller than 1dB when the length of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber is controlled to be 12.5 m.
(IV) description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low differential mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on a graded index structure, which comprises a signal mode multiplexer 1, optical isolators 2 and 8, a forward pump coupler 3, a pre-wavelength division multiplexer 4, a graded index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber 5, a post-wavelength division multiplexer 6, a backward pump coupler 7 and a spatial optical demultiplexer 9.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a forward pumping coupler and a backward pumping coupler in a low differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on a graded index structure, which consists of two 980nm lasers, two mode converters and one pumping mode multiplexer.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the refractive index of a low differential-mode gain low-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on a graded-index structure.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the doping concentration range of a low-differential-mode-gain low-mode erbium-doped fiber used in a graded-index-structure-based low-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier
FIG. 5 shows the conversion of an input signal with optical power of-20 dBm, two 980nm lasers with power 300mW in a forward pumping coupler, and LP in a backward pumping coupler 01 When the laser power of the mode was 200mW and the laser power of the converted LP21b mode was 500mW, the amplification effect of the signal light by the 12.5m few-mode erbium-doped fiber was used.
FIG. 6 shows the conversion of an input signal with optical power of-30 dBm, two 980nm lasers with power 300mW in a forward pumping coupler, and LP in a backward pumping coupler 01 When the laser power of the mode was 200mW and the laser power of the converted LP21b mode was 500mW, the amplification effect of the signal light by the 12.5m few-mode erbium-doped fiber was used.
FIG. 7 shows the conversion of an input signal with optical power of-35 dBm, two 980nm lasers with power 300mW in a forward pumping coupler, and LP in a backward pumping coupler 01 Mode laser power of 200mw, conversion to LP 21b The amplification effect of the signal light by using a 12.5m few-mode erbium-doped fiber was achieved at a mode laser power of 500 mW.
(fifth) detailed description of the invention
In order to make the embodiments and technical solutions of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a low differential mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on a graded index structure, which comprises a signal mode multiplexer 1, an optical isolator 2, a forward pump coupler 3, a pre-wavelength division multiplexer 4, a graded index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber 5, a post-wavelength division multiplexer 6, a backward pump coupler 7, an optical isolator 8 and a spatial optical demultiplexer 9.
As shown in figure 1, because of the special concentration proportion and distribution of the doped ions of the erbium-doped fiber, pump light is injected at both ends of the erbium-doped fiber at the same time, so as to complete bidirectional amplification of 1520-1565 nm band signal light, and the development of a low differential mode gain amplifier can be realized, thus forming an example of the device.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a forward and backward pumping coupler
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams showing refractive indexes and erbium ion distribution profiles of a low-differential-mode-gain low-mode erbium-doped fiber used in the low-differential-mode-gain low-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on the graded-index structure shown in fig. 1.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the core refractive index n in the few-mode erbium doped fiber 1 1.45, said a 1 2.2, the internal fiber core gradient index g 1 2.5, the inner core radius r 1 Is 11 mu m;
in a specific embodiment, the trench refractive index n 2 1.4469 the width d of the groove is 1 μm, and the core diameter r at the junction of the groove and the outer fiber core 2 Is in the range of 12 μm; refractive index n at the junction of the outer core and the groove 3 The same refractive index as the inner core edge.
In a specific embodimentThe a in the outer fiber core of the few-mode erbium-doped fiber 2 Is 2.35, the external fiber core gradual change index g 2 Is 2.5, the outer core radius r 3 22 μm;
in one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the few-mode erbium doped fiber has a doping concentration N of different doping layers 1 :N 2 :N 3 =1: 2.5:2, the doping concentration is 280ppm-wt, 700ppm-wt, 350ppm-wt, and the values of doping radii R1, R2 and R3 are 8 μm, 15 μm and 22 μm respectively.
Embodiment 1 is c+ band multiple mode signal light amplification.
C+ wave band signals with a plurality of wavelengths are input, the wave bands of the signals are 1520-1565 nm, and specific parameters and amplification results are shown in the following table.
Embodiment 2 is c+ band multiple mode signal light amplification.
C+ wave band signals with a plurality of wavelengths are input, the wave bands of the signals are 1520-1565 nm, and specific parameters and amplification results are shown in the following table.
Embodiment 3 is c+ band multiple mode signal light amplification.
C+ wave band signals with a plurality of wavelengths are input, the wave bands of the signals are 1520-1565 nm, and specific parameters and amplification results are shown in the following table.
The particular parameters of the embodiments of the invention may be varied as desired, but modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as described in the claims. Still other embodiments of the invention may be implemented or realized in numerous ways.

Claims (9)

1. The low-differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on the graded index structure is characterized by comprising a signal mode multiplexer 1, optical isolators 2 and 8, a forward pumping coupler 3, a pre-wavelength division multiplexer 4, a graded index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber 5, a post-wavelength division multiplexer 6, a backward pumping coupler 7 and a spatial optical demultiplexer 9 according to the propagation direction of an optical signal.
The graded index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber is divided into four areas from inside to outside: an inner fiber core, a groove, an outer fiber core and a cladding; the inner fiber core is designed by using alpha refractive index; the inner core, the grooves, and the outer core are collectively referred to as a core portion; the outer fiber core is designed by using alpha refractive index; wherein n is 1,3 Is the refractive index at the center of the fiber core or the refractive index at the junction of the groove and the outer fiber core, n 1,3 (r) is the refractive index of the inner or outer core at different core diameters, n 1 N is the central refractive index of the inner fiber core 3 N is the refractive index at the junction of the outer fiber core and the groove 2 For the refractive index of the groove, n cl Refractive index of the cladding; a, a 1,2 G is a self-set parameter for describing the refractive index of the inner fiber core and the outer fiber core 1,2 Is an inner fiber core or an outer fiber core gradual change index; d is the width of the groove, r 1 R is the inner core radius 2 A radius of the junction of the groove and the outer fiber core; r is (r) 3 For the outer core radius, r cl Is the cladding radius.
According to the doping concentration of rare earth, the fiber core part can be divided into three layers according to the doping concentration, the fiber core is divided into three concentric circles, and the doping concentration from inside to outside is respectively N 1 、N 2 、N 3 The radius of the layered doping range is represented by R 1 、R 2 、R 3 To represent.
2. The low differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on graded-index structure according to claim 1, wherein the inner core of the graded-index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber is designed with an alpha-type refractive index, and the refractive index of the inner core is n 1 1.45, said a 1 In the range of 2.5 to 3, the internal fiber core gradient index g 1 In the range of 2 to 2.5, the inner core radius r 1 The range of (2) is 9.5-11.5 mu m;
groove refractive index n of the graded refractive index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber 2 The refractive index difference between the inner fiber core and the edge of the inner fiber core is 0.001-0.015, the width d of the groove is 1-1.2 mu m, and the core diameter r at the junction of the groove and the outer fiber core 2 The range of (2) is 11.5-12.5 mu m;
the outer fiber core of the graded-index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber is designed by using an alpha-type refractive index, and the refractive index n at the junction of the outer fiber core and the groove 3 The refractive index of the edge of the inner fiber core is the same as that of the edge of the inner fiber core, the a 2 The range is 2.5-3, the gradual index g of the outer fiber core 2 In the range of 2 to 2.5, the outer core radius r 3 The range of (2) is 21 to 22.5. Mu.m.
3. The low differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on graded-index structure according to claim 1, wherein the modes of the five signal lights input by the signal mode multiplexer are respectively LP 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b 、LP 21a 、LP 21b The input power range is-35 to-20 dBm.
4. The low differential-mode gain few-mode erbium doped fiber amplifier based on graded-index structure according to claim 1, wherein the forward pump coupler consists of two 980nm lasers, a mode selector and a pump mode multiplexer, the mode selector converting the optical signals of the two 980nm lasers into LP 21a LP 21b Two modes of light entryAnd (3) line pumping, wherein the power range of the pumping light output by the 980nm laser is 250-300 mw.
5. The low differential mode gain few-mode erbium doped fiber amplifier based on graded index structure according to claim 1, wherein the working wavelength of the front-end and rear-end wavelength division multiplexers is 1520-1565 nm.
6. The low differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on graded-index structure according to claim 1, wherein the backward pumping coupler structure is identical to the forward pumping coupler, and the mode selector converts the optical signals of the two 980nm lasers into LP respectively 01 LP 21b The light of both modes is pumped and converted to LP 01 Mode 980nm laser power range is 200-250 mw, converted into LP 21b The 980nm laser power range of the mode is 500-550 mw.
7. The low differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on a graded-index structure according to claim 1, wherein the spatial optical demultiplexer performs spatial mode demultiplexing of the output signal light.
8. The low differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on graded-index structure according to claim 1, wherein five spatial modes of DMG are amplified min Less than 1dB, and gains are larger than 20dB at 1520-1565 nm wave bands.
9. The low differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on graded-index structure according to claim 1, wherein the doping concentration ratio of the different doping layers of the graded-index structure few-mode erbium-doped fiber is N from inside to outside 1 :N 2 :N 3 Is 1:2.5:2, the doping concentration is 280ppm-wt, 700ppm-wt, 350ppm-wt, the doping concentration of the erbium ions and the mode field intensity distribution of the signal to be amplified in the fiber coreAnd the mode field intensity distribution of the pump light.
Radius R of the doping range 1 In the range of 7.5 to 8.5 mu m, R 2 In the range of 14.5 to 15.5 mu m, R 3 The range of (2) is 21 to 22.5. Mu.m.
CN202311677110.7A 2023-12-08 2023-12-08 Low-differential-mode gain few-mode erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier based on graded refractive index structure Pending CN117638611A (en)

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