CN117631024A - Quantitative and accurate excitation design method for explosive focus in limestone region - Google Patents
Quantitative and accurate excitation design method for explosive focus in limestone region Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantitative and accurate excitation design method for an explosive source in a limestone region, which comprises the following steps: defining physical and mechanical parameters of a near-surface stratum by adopting a near-surface investigation method; performing test gun excitation at a plurality of depth positions, and measuring earth surface vibration data around a test gun point; extracting the maximum vibration speed according to the physical and mechanical parameters, and establishing a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix; solving a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix to obtain a vibration attenuation relation of any layer of the ground surface layer; establishing a near-surface three-dimensional stratum model in a region according to physical and mechanical parameters of the near-surface stratum and vibration attenuation relation of any layer of the surface stratum; and performing array simulation calculation of a plurality of depth positions at any shot point of the near-surface three-dimensional stratum model, and obtaining an optimal excitation model. Through the scheme, the method has the advantages of accuracy, reliability, simple logic and the like, and has high practical value and popularization value in the technical field of geophysical exploration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a quantitative and accurate excitation design method for an explosive source in a limestone region.
Background
With the development of geological exploration areas from plain areas to mountain areas, the requirements on seismic exploration are also higher and higher, and how to realize fine exploration in limestone areas becomes a current problem. In the design process of the explosive source excitation scheme, besides macroscopically comparing the source excitation effect to determine the source excitation scheme, the method for controlling the change reason of the explosive source excitation effect and adjusting the excitation effect is started from the essential reason of the explosive source excitation effect. The seismic source excitation design fully considers the influence of the performance, structure and the like of the explosive on the seismic wave field, and also considers the on-site production condition, thereby improving the efficiency of the user seismic source excitation scheme design while guaranteeing the excitation effect. Quantitative and accurate excitation must be realized to provide source assurance for fine seismic exploration.
At present, although related technical reports exist in the application direction of the explosive source excitation seismic wave field, in the prior art, an accurate and reliable quantitative precise excitation design method for the explosive source in the limestone area is not available. For example, "patent publication No.: CN116068618A, name: the Chinese patent invention of explosive source excitation earthquake wave simulation system and method "comprises: selecting initial parameters of an explosive source according to the characteristics of various explosive sources, performing simulation prediction on the explosion action process, and establishing a source simulation cavity expansion model; according to the seismic source simulation cavity expansion model, establishing a relation between initial parameters of the explosive seismic source and amplitude-frequency characteristics of initial seismic waves, and obtaining a seismic source initial parameter amplitude-frequency characteristic relation model; according to the viscoelastic medium model, analyzing the absorption attenuation of the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave in the propagation process of the seismic wave in the medium, and establishing an explosive source excitation seismic wave field characteristic model; according to the characteristic model of the explosive source excitation seismic wave field, an explosive source excitation seismic wave overall process model which is formed and propagated from the action of the explosive source to the seismic wave is established; performing calculation process coupling to obtain the overall process characteristic parameters of the explosive source and the amplitude-frequency characteristic relation of the seismic waves in the whole process of propagation; and (5) quantitatively calculating and simulating the far-near field state of the seismic wave excited by the explosive source. However, the technology cannot meet the detection requirement of the near-surface complex condition of the limestone region, and in addition, the technology cannot realize layered quantitative acquisition of the stratum rock-soil parameters of each near-surface stratum, and finally the other party cannot realize the optimal design of the explosive source excitation scheme.
Therefore, an accurate and reliable quantitative and precise excitation design method for the explosive source in the limestone area with simple logic is needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a quantitative and accurate excitation design method for an explosive source in a limestone region, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a quantitative and accurate excitation design method for explosive sources in limestone areas comprises the following steps:
defining physical and mechanical parameters of a near-surface stratum by adopting a near-surface investigation method;
performing test gun excitation at a plurality of depth positions, and measuring earth surface vibration data around a test gun point;
extracting the maximum vibration speed according to the physical and mechanical parameters, and establishing a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix;
solving a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix to obtain a vibration attenuation relation of any layer of the ground surface layer;
establishing a near-surface three-dimensional stratum model in a region according to physical and mechanical parameters of the near-surface stratum and vibration attenuation relation of any layer of the surface stratum;
and performing array simulation calculation of a plurality of depth positions at any shot point of the near-surface three-dimensional stratum model, and obtaining an optimal excitation model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Based on explosive source excitation theory, the invention adopts a finite element numerical simulation calculation method, and combines field production requirements of limestone areas to perform accurate quantitative excitation. The invention can quantitatively and accurately excite each shot point according to geological exploration data in field production and aiming at different geological conditions.
(2) The invention focuses on optimizing the rock-soil parameters and explosive source excitation design schemes of each stratum near the surface of the limestone area, and can obtain the optimized design of the physical parameters and explosive source excitation schemes of each stratum near the surface.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of accuracy, reliability, simple logic and the like, and has high practical value and popularization value in the technical field of geophysical exploration.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without the need of inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a logic flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of test gun depth and layering of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a seismic wave propagation diagram of the test shot and the monitoring point of the present invention (points 1 to 3).
Fig. 4 is a plot of seismic wave propagation for the test shots and monitoring points of the present invention (points 4 through 6).
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the results of calculation of different excitation schemes at shots of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a comparison chart of the application effect of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present application based on the embodiments herein.
In this embodiment, the term "and/or" is merely an association relationship describing the association object, and indicates that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone.
The terms "first" and "second" and the like in the description and in the claims of the present embodiment are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular sequential order of objects. For example, the first target object and the second target object, etc., are used to distinguish between different target objects, and are not used to describe a particular order of target objects.
In the embodiments of the present application, the words "exemplary" or "such as" are used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "e.g." is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word "exemplary" or "e.g." such as "is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete fashion.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" means two or more. For example, the plurality of processing units refers to two or more processing units; the plurality of systems means two or more systems.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the embodiment provides a quantitative and accurate excitation design method for explosive sources in limestone areas, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, a near-surface investigation method is adopted to preliminarily define physical and mechanical parameters such as the layering horizon and density, wave speed, elastic modulus and the like of the surface layer rock and soil. Specifically:
(a1) Layering near-surface stratum at the position 30 m away from the ground by adopting a static sounding method, and dividing the range of 20-30 m of underground depth into 3-5 layers to obtain the types and densities of rock and soil in different layering;
(a2) And (3) obtaining the wave velocity of any layering by adopting a micro-logging or small refraction method, and calculating the elastic modulus of the rock and soil according to the elastic modulus by combining the static sounding layering result.
Secondly, small-dose test gun excitation (usually taking 2 kg) is carried out at different depths, and the earth vibration is recorded at a position of a few distances from the earth surface to the shot point. Typically, a small dose of test cannons are set at 1m intervals.
(b1) Determining the test gun dosage according to the requirement of the exploration depth in the area, wherein the test gun dosage is usually 2kg;
(b2) During the test, strong vibration speed sensors are arranged at monitoring points within the range of 0-50 meters from the shot point, the strong vibration speed sensors are arranged at intervals of 5m from the position 5m away from the shot point wellhead, the monitoring points generally take 5-10 points, and the earth surface vibration histories at the position points are recorded.
(b3) The number of shots and the number of monitoring points are related to the number of surface intervals determined in step (a 1): (number of shot-triggered. Number of monitoring points) > (number of earth surface layer segments).
Thirdly, establishing a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix according to the initially defined ground surface rock-soil horizon, the position relation between the test shot point and the vibration monitoring point and the maximum vibration speed extracted by monitoring, and specifically:
determining a detonation distance R and a peak particle velocity PPV according to the pre-buried depth of the explosive, and establishing an attenuation coefficient relation, wherein the expression is as follows:
wherein k represents a dielectric attenuation coefficient; a represents a vibration damping coefficient; q represents the explosive mass, in represents a base 10 logarithmic function;
according to the distance R between the monitoring point of the earth's surface vibration data and any stratum on the connection line of the explosion source n Obtaining the attenuation coefficient relation in any layer of medium, wherein the attenuation coefficient relation is expressed as:
wherein n is a positive integer; k (k) n Represents the medium attenuation coefficient, alpha, of the n-th layer medium n Representing the vibration attenuation coefficient of the n-th layer of medium;
establishing a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix:
wherein R is mn Indicating the length of the m-th sensor and squib source connection in the n-th layer.
And step four, solving the vibration attenuation parameter matrix established in the step three to obtain the vibration attenuation relation of each layer of the ground surface layer. Specifically, the method adopts a least square method to solve a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix. The least square method belongs to a conventional technology in the field, and a solution process is not repeated here.
Fifthly, establishing a near-surface three-dimensional stratum model in the whole area according to layering, density, elastic modulus and attenuation coefficient at the test points.
And sixthly, carrying out numerical simulation calculation of different excitation depths at each shot point according to the near-surface three-dimensional stratum model, and comparing calculation results of each excitation scheme, and selecting a calculation scheme with the optimal excitation effect as an excitation design scheme of the shot point. Specifically:
establishing a finite element calculation model according to the near-surface three-dimensional stratum model in the measuring area;
according to the finite element calculation model, a plurality of doses and a plurality of excitation depths are adopted for excitation, so that a plurality of simulation excitation models are obtained; and comparing the amplitude and the dominant frequency change rules of different excitation depths, and considering the excitation parameters of larger amplitude and larger dominant frequency. The amplitude frequency characteristics of the seismic waves at each monitoring point of different excitation schemes are compared, and based on the value that the peak vibration speed can reach the detection target, the simulation scheme with the highest main frequency of the seismic waves is selected as the optimal excitation scheme.
In this example, by way of example, the analysis of the results of the near-surface drilling sampling test in the target area shows that there are two main types of soil at this point in the range of 0-50 m: sandstone, limestone and sand shale. The density of the earth medium in each interval was measured by the bulk density method. The near-surface survey results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 near-surface drilling sampling test results for target zone
The 2kg explosive is adopted to carry out a seismic source excitation test at different burial depths, and the near-surface medium to be considered in the excitation design can be divided into 5 layers according to the near-surface investigation result. To obtain attenuation parameters for 5 layers of different media, at least 5 small-dose tests of different depths are required. In order to distribute different test cannons in different excitation layers as far as possible, the test cannons are performed every 2m depth in the test, and specific corresponding information of the test cannon depth, stratum position and parameters is shown in fig. 2.
Establishing an attenuation function inversion matrix:
the data of the inversion matrix of the attenuation function is calculated to obtain the comprehensive attenuation parameter in the medium, the n value in the formula is 5, and the calculation result is shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 calculation of pending decay parameters
And forming a near-surface model according to the near-surface stratum rock-soil layering result of the exploration point obtained in the first step, and establishing a finite element stratum model.
And (3) obtaining a finite element near-surface model at the shot point to be designed based on the near-surface geotechnical mechanical parameter three-dimensional stratum model in the fifth step. According to the safety excitation requirement, 14kg is used as the excitation dosage, and the numerical simulation calculation is carried out at the depth of 10 m-20 m with each interval of 1m as the excitation depth.
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the amplitude increases with increasing depth, slowly after a depth of 16 m. The dominant frequency increases with increasing depth, 16m can be chosen as the excitation depth. Comparing the design results can find that the main frequency of the quantitative design results is obviously higher than that of the common design results.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but all changes made by adopting the design principle of the present invention and performing non-creative work on the basis thereof shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The quantitative and accurate excitation design method for the explosive source in the limestone area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
defining physical and mechanical parameters of a near-surface stratum by adopting a near-surface investigation method;
performing test gun excitation at a plurality of depth positions, and measuring earth surface vibration data around a test gun point;
extracting the maximum vibration speed according to the physical and mechanical parameters, and establishing a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix;
solving a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix to obtain a vibration attenuation relation of any layer of the ground surface layer;
establishing a near-surface three-dimensional stratum model in a region according to physical and mechanical parameters of the near-surface stratum and vibration attenuation relation of any layer of the surface stratum;
and performing array simulation calculation of a plurality of depth positions at any shot point of the near-surface three-dimensional stratum model, and obtaining an optimal excitation model.
2. The method for quantitative and accurate excitation design of explosive sources in limestone areas according to claim 1, wherein the physical and mechanical parameters of the near-surface stratum comprise: the rock-soil layering layer position, the rock-soil layering density, the wave velocity and the rock-soil elastic modulus.
3. The method for quantitatively and accurately exciting and designing the explosive source in the limestone region according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the physical and mechanical parameters of the near-surface stratum are defined by adopting a near-surface survey method, and the method comprises the following steps:
layering near-surface stratum at the position 30 m away from the ground by adopting a static sounding method, and dividing the range of 20-30 m of underground depth into 3-5 layers to obtain the types and densities of rock and soil in different layering;
and (3) obtaining the wave velocity of any layering by adopting a micro-logging or small refraction method, and calculating the elastic modulus of the rock and soil according to the elastic modulus by combining the static sounding layering result.
4. The method for quantitatively and accurately exciting and designing the explosive source in the limestone area according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
presetting the test gun dosage according to the exploration depth in the area;
during the test blasting, the earth surface vibration data in the range of 0-50 m around the test blasting point are collected.
5. The quantitative and accurate excitation design method for explosive source in limestone area according to claim 1, wherein the maximum vibration speed is extracted according to physical and mechanical parameters, and a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix is established, comprising the following steps:
determining a detonation distance R and a peak particle velocity PPV according to the pre-buried depth of the explosive, and establishing an attenuation coefficient relation, wherein the expression is as follows:
wherein k represents a mass attenuation coefficient; alpha represents a vibration attenuation coefficient; q represents the explosive quantity; ln represents a base 10 logarithmic function;
according to the distance R between the monitoring point of the earth's surface vibration data and any stratum on the connection line of the explosion source n Obtaining the attenuation coefficient relation in any layer of medium, wherein the attenuation coefficient relation is expressed as:
wherein n is a positive integer; k (k) n Represents the medium attenuation coefficient, alpha, of the n-th layer medium n Representing the vibration attenuation coefficient of the n-th layer of medium;
establishing a stratum vibration attenuation parameter inversion matrix:
wherein Rmn represents the length of the connection line between the mth sensor and the explosion source in the nth layer.
6. The quantitative and accurate excitation design method for the explosive source in the limestone region according to claim 5, wherein the inversion matrix of the stratum vibration attenuation parameters is solved, so that a vibration attenuation relation of any layer of the ground surface layer is obtained, and the inversion matrix of the stratum vibration attenuation parameters is solved by a least square method.
7. The quantitative and accurate excitation design method for explosive source in limestone area according to claim 1, wherein array simulation calculation of a plurality of depth positions is performed at any shot point of a near-surface three-dimensional stratum model, and an optimal excitation model is obtained, comprising the following steps:
establishing a finite element calculation model according to the near-surface three-dimensional stratum model in the measuring area;
according to the finite element calculation model, exciting by adopting a plurality of doses and a plurality of excitation depths to obtain a plurality of simulation excitation models of explosion vibration speeds in the rock and soil;
and comparing the amplitude frequency characteristics of the seismic waves at any monitoring point corresponding to the explosion vibration speed simulation excitation model in any rock and soil, and selecting the rock and soil explosion vibration speed simulation excitation model with the highest main frequency of the seismic waves as the optimal excitation model.
8. The method for quantitatively and accurately exciting the explosive source in the limestone area according to claim 1, wherein 2kg of TNT is adopted for the test gun excitation.
9. The quantitative and accurate excitation design method for the explosive source in the limestone area is characterized in that 5-10 monitoring points for acquiring the earth surface vibration data are arranged at intervals of 5 m.
10. The method for quantitatively and accurately exciting and designing the explosive source in the limestone area according to claim 1, wherein the test gun excitation and simulation adopt a depth position set at an interval of 1 m.
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