CN1176293C - Steel plate externally-rived stengthening method for reinforced concrete structure and its special-purpose rivet - Google Patents
Steel plate externally-rived stengthening method for reinforced concrete structure and its special-purpose rivet Download PDFInfo
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- CN1176293C CN1176293C CNB031281540A CN03128154A CN1176293C CN 1176293 C CN1176293 C CN 1176293C CN B031281540 A CNB031281540 A CN B031281540A CN 03128154 A CN03128154 A CN 03128154A CN 1176293 C CN1176293 C CN 1176293C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a strengthening method for an externally riveted steel plate of a reinforced concrete structure and special rivets for the method, which is characterized in that reinforced steel plate bars are riveted on the surface of a concrete component through the rivets outside the concrete component; one half of the riveting head part of the rivet (1) presents a semicircular cylinder (4), and the other half presents a semicircular cone (5); the cross section of the rivet body (2) part of the rivet (1) presents a rectangle, and the transition sections among the four planes of the riveting head and the rivet body are all in an inclined plane structure (3). The present invention aims for the deficiencies existing in a steel-bonded reinforcement method, and adopts the design idea that the steel plate in the method takes the place of a steel bar; the riveted connection of the steel plate and concrete takes the place of the adhesion of the steel plate and the concrete so as to overcome the defects of wastefulness, poor temperature resistance and weather resistance and poorly ensured quality existing in the steel-bonded reinforcement method, and a new technological reinforcement method which has the advantages of simple operation, economization, reliable construction quality, and fine temperature resistance and weather resistance is provided.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the reinforced concrete structure in the buildings such as worker China Democratic National Construction Association, bridge reinforce, the special technology of reinforcement, outer riveting steel plate reinforcement method of particularly a kind of reinforced concrete structure and special-purpose rivet thereof.
(2) background technology
The reinforcing of reinforced concrete structure, reinforcement are problems that usually runs in the engineering construction.China Engineering Construction Standardization Association has issued " concrete structure reinforcement technical specification " (standard No. CECS25:90) especially in nineteen ninety.In standard, design, the job practices of various general reinforcement means have all been done detailed introduction, and to the scope of application of each method, technical indicator etc. have been made clear and definite regulation.In this standard, main reinforcement means is classified as:
1, enlarging section reinforcing method;
2, encased steel reinforcing method;
3, prestressed reinforcement method;
4, change the force path reinforcing method;
5, outside reinforcement by sticking of sheets;
6, other reinforcement means.
Wherein, outside reinforcement by sticking of sheets since the eighties, through the development in twenties years, has become widely used a kind of method in China at present.
So-called outside reinforcement by sticking of sheets, be meant at concrete component paste outside steel plate, to improve its bearing capacity and to satisfy the normal a kind of reinforcement means that uses, its technological core is to adopt the steel plate bar to replace reinforcing bar, by adopting special-purpose construction structure glue, the steel plate bar is pasted on surface of concrete structure, make steel plate bar and concrete energy cooperative bearing, like this, just increase the arrangement of reinforcement of concrete structure, improved the bearing capacity of structure.
The typical process flow of reinforcement by sticking of sheets is:
The preparation of steel plate bar---------polishing of steel plate adhesive surface is supported to join glue gluing, stickup in the surface of concrete structure processing by---adding press fit---curing back dismounting.
1, steel plate bar preparation: generally be to buy dressing plate, be cut into the width of designing requirement, be welded into the length of requirement again with plate shearing machine.
2, surface of concrete structure is handled: the concrete surface of affixing steel plate is carried out grinding process with abrasive machine, remove the former top layer of 2～3mm, after exposing new face fully, polishing flat, be stained with the acetone wipe surfaces with absorbent cotton.
3, steel plate adhesive surface grinding process: to the steel plate adhesive surface, with sandblast, emery cloth or flat grinder buffing, until polishing metallic luster.At last, be stained with the acetone wiped clean with absorbent cotton.
4, join glue: the construction structure glue that affixing steel plate is used is divided into two components for being the compoiste adhering material of host with epoxy resin, during use, presses the preparation of product description regulation.
5, gluing, stickup: after cementing agent prepares, spread upon on the concrete of having handled well and surface of steel plate with spatula immediately, then steel plate is affixed on pre-subsides position.
6, add press fit: after steel plate pastes, use clamp immediately, or use support fixation.
7, solidify the back and remove support.
From the whole activities of reinforcement by sticking of sheets, can see that the major defect of this method is:
1, complex process, construction quality are difficult for guaranteeing that surface of concrete structure degree of treatment and stickup compactness are two big factors that influence the steel bonding quality.To the concrete surface grinding process, owing to there is not very strict, objective test stone, arbitrariness is very big during practice of construction, and the yardstick of control quality is difficult to hold.Because concrete surface often is not smooth, after steel plate was stained with, very difficult assurance was pasted closely knit fully, after structure glue is solidified, can only paste closely knit situation by knocking the steel plate check, in case hollowing is too many, have only steel plate to be peeled heavily sticking, in addition, do not have again and better remedy way.
2, heatproof, weatherability are poor: because the construction structure glue of steel bonding plate is to be the binding material of host with epoxy resin, when the colloidal materials temperature after the curing reaches 70 ℃, the colloid adhesive property begins to weaken, lose reinforcement effect fully, in addition, because concrete and steel plate is common stressed fully by the concrete surface power transmission of bonded part, in case concrete surface carbonization under long-term adverse circumstances effect is loose, then the steel plate of paste outside will be ineffective fully.This also is that reinforcement by sticking of sheets is used for general worker China Democratic National Construction Association structure at present mostly, and the less reason of on bridge construction, using.
3, time-consuming, the economic cost height: steel-bonded reinforcement need be with a large amount of structure glue, the expense of reinforcing with structure glue usually is 2～2.5 times of used strengthening steel slab, because process procedure is many, polishing, pressurization are supported and are expended a large amount of man-hours and auxiliary material, therefore, whole reinforcing expense usually is 8～10 times of used strengthening steel slab expense.
(3) summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of brand-new, outer riveting steel plate reinforcement method of more economical effective reinforced concrete structure and special-purpose rivet thereof with regard to being to overcome above-mentioned weak point of the prior art.More specifically say so: at existing deficiency in the reinforcement by sticking of sheets, adopt its method light plate to replace the design philosophy of reinforcing bar, replace steel plate and concrete bonding by steel plate and concrete riveted joint, it is existing uneconomical thoroughly to overcome reinforcement by sticking of sheets, the heatproof weatherability is poor, and quality is difficult for the defective of assurance, and a kind of economy simple to operate is provided, reliable construction quality, the new reinforcement process method of heatproof good weatherability.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following measure:
The outer riveting steel plate reinforcement method of reinforced concrete structure of the present invention is as described below: promptly the strengthening steel slab bar is riveted on the surface of concrete component by rivet in the concrete component outside.
In the present invention, be arranged on concrete component and the strengthening steel slab bar that combines with it on the rivet hole spacing be 10cm～80cm; And the rivet hole that is positioned on the concrete component all is filled with cementing agent.
Be positioned among the present invention strengthening steel slab bar interlude 1/2 length range rivet pitch≤steel plate bar length overall 10%, each 1/4 scope at the steel plate two ends, the rivet number n of every end should satisfy following formula:
The design shearing resistance of n * each rivet＞steel plate design stretching resistance;
Be that end rivet shearing resistance sum designs stretching resistance greater than steel plate, can determine the end rivet pitch with number of rivets according to need.
Half is half-cylindrical for the die part of special-purpose rivet described in the present invention, and second half is a half cone-shaped; The cross section of its shaft of rivet part is a rectangle; And four interplanar changeover portions of its die and the shaft of rivet are ramp structure.
The radius of the half cylindrical structure of described die part is less than the awl bottom surface radius of half cone-shaped structure; Described shaft of rivet cross section diagonal size is greater than the aperture of the rivet hole that processes on the concrete component.
Outside riveting steel reinforcing method of the present invention is the new process of the replaced steel-bonded reinforcement developed with respect to reinforcement by sticking of sheets.What it was identical with steel-bonded reinforcement is to replace reinforcing bar with the steel plate bar, and steel plate is fixed to surface of concrete structure, makes steel plate and concrete combined stressed, like this, just has been equivalent to increase the reinforcing bar in the concrete component, has played the effect that improves element bearing capacity.
Be with the fundamental difference point of steel-bonded reinforcement: steel-bonded reinforcement is with construction structure glue steel plate to be pasted on concrete surface, the riveting steel is reinforced then fully not by steel plate and concrete bonding, but all adopting steel rivet with steel plate and concrete riveted joint, this is the main inventive point of present patent application.Below connect mechanism, riveting steel reinforcing design and three aspects of riveting steel strengthening construction from rivet riveting steel reinforcing technique scheme be described in detail in detail.
1, rivet catenation principle: by the special-purpose rivet of simple hand bumping can with concrete and steel plate securely riveting together, this is second inventive point of the present invention.
Specifically, the present invention inserts anchorage inserted bar glue (cementing agent) in advance by the rivet and the employing of employing geometry in particular in concrete hole method has successfully solved the problem with steel plate and concrete impermeable riveting.(see accompanying drawing 5: the rivet fundamental diagram)
As we can see from the figure, the rivet front portion is squeezed into the concrete hole middle part and is divided into the square-section, and the cross section Diagonal Dimension can tighten when making rivet squeeze in the concrete securely than the big 1mm of concrete hole.Half is conical for the die of rivet, half is a cylinder form, when rivet penetrated steel plate hole, the taper seat of die was squeezed into taper hole with the circular hole on the steel plate, and rivet and steel plate are combined closely, simultaneously, because manufactured head is the hemicycle conical surface, in the process that rivet is down beaten, rivet produces the thrust of a horizontal direction to steel plate, with steel plate tension, make concrete and the steel plate can be stressed jointly.
Before squeezing into rivet, inject anchorage inserted bar glue in concrete hole, bar planting glue is the thickness paste.After squeezing into rivet, colloid all fills up space in rivet and the hole, and residue glue is extruded.After colloid solidified, rivet was fixed in the concrete fully densely.
Evidence, the rivet of Lian Jieing has very big shearing resistance like this, and the steel plate pulling force that each rivet can bear (being horizontal shear) is greater than 4t.
2, riveting steel reinforcing design
The basic principle of riveting steel reinforcing design is:
A, replace reinforcing bar, when calculating the steel plate cross section, should deduct the steel plate central hole size with the steel plate cross section of equivalent.As adding the reinforcing bar of a φ 20 at member, reinforcing bar design stretching resistance is 97kN, selects common Q235 material steel plate for use, and tensile strength is 210N/mm
2, then required steel plate cross section is 462mm
2, can select 77mm * 6mm steel plate for use, add aperture φ 14mm, reality must select for use steel plate to should be 91mm * 6mm.
B, steel plate bar should not be wide, and general width is controlled in the 100mm, if the steel plate amount that needs reinforcement is big, can select many steel plates side by side for use.
C, rivet hole arrange and rivet pitch determine that rivet hole is generally standard φ 12, φ 14 holes, all is arranged on the steel plate center line; Definite principle of rivet pitch is: at steel plate interlude 1/2 length range, rivet pitch is not more than 10% of steel plate bar length overall, and maximum is no more than 80cm, and minimum is not less than 10cm, each 1/4 scope at the steel plate two ends, and the rivet number n of every end should satisfy following formula:
The design shearing resistance of n * each rivet＞steel plate design stretching resistance.
Be that end rivet shearing resistance sum designs stretching resistance greater than steel plate, can determine end rivet pitch (referring to embodiments of the invention) with number of rivets according to need.
3, riveting steel strengthening construction
From above as seen, the required stock of riveting steel construction is:
A, special-purpose abnormity are reinforced rivet: be the specific products that is used for this reinforcement means of special exploitation, and existing two kinds of specification φ 12, φ 14.Rivet can directly process in factory mass as a kind of standard component in this reinforcing worker method, is reinforcing the building site, and it is as a kind of existing materials for later use.
B, stephanoporate steel plate bar: the stephanoporate steel plate bar along the steel plate center line punches across a certain distance, also be cut into lath in machine making factory with the standard size steel plate in advance by designing requirement, use the punching machine punching again, it is standby to deliver to the building site.
C, anchorage inserted bar glue (cementing agent): anchorage inserted bar glue is a kind of general binding material that is used for reinforcing bar is anchored in concrete hole, the product that the multiple trade mark is arranged on the market, in the present invention, bar planting glue is used for filling the gap of rivet and concrete hole, and it is more firm that rivet is connected with concrete.
Getting above three kinds of main materials ready, is a simple activities to the building-site construction, and work progress divides following several steps:
(1) concrete surface is handled: the concrete surface of riveted joint steel plate position will carry out simple smooth processing, with hand hammer the concrete surface local crowning is beaten out, and steel plate bar and concrete surface can be fitted substantially.Concrete surface is if there is outer powder cement sand bed also should chisel out earlier.
(2) preparation anchorage inserted bar glue (cementing agent).
(3) in place, the punching of steel plate: steel plate is positioned over the component surface that will paste, and in the member bottom, available two people withstand steel plate temporarily as if steel plate, during punching, play earlier, punch in concrete to living steel plate hole with electric hammer from the interstitial hole of steel plate bar, aperture φ 12, hole depth 65mm.Dust in the cleaning hole of punching back.
(4) injecting glue in the hole: the glue for preparing is inserted in the hole, and the injecting glue device of also available similar glass cement colloid-injecting gun style is in the glue injection hole, and glue is inserted in the hole approximately to 50% degree of depth and got final product.
(5) squeeze into rivet: should carry out rivet immediately behind the injecting glue and squeeze into work, be about to the manufactured head conical surface and aim at steel plate tension direction, rivet is squeezed in the hole with hand hammer, manufactured head exposes the steel plate face and controls by 0～2mm.Then, follow closely next rivet again.
(6) behind the intact interstitial hole of riveting, finish the work of punching, injecting glue, riveter nail symmetrically one by one toward both sides, finish last hole, so just finished whole riveting steel reinforcing process until the steel plate two ends.
Through evidence, riveting steel reinforcing method of the present invention can replace steel-bonded reinforcement fully, compares with steel-bonded reinforcement, and it has the advantage of following several respects:
1, technology is simple, and quality guarantees easily: because stephanoporate steel plate, reinforce rivet all in processing factory's processing, building-site only need punching, injecting glue, squeeze into rivet, as long as by designing requirement on steel plate bar desired location, the rivet of squeezing into specified quantity gets final product.There is not process procedure hidden, difficult quality control in whole reinforcement process process.
2, heatproof, good weatherability: come stressed jointly because the mechanism of action that the riveting steel is reinforced is mechanical connection by concrete, rivet, steel plate, the colloid of inserting in the rivet hole only plays filling, booster action, even colloid at high temperature loses adhesive property, can not influence integrally-built bearing capacity yet.
In addition, because rivet can hammer into certain depth (6.5cm) in the concrete, do not resemble steel bonding only by the concrete surface power transmission.Therefore, the influence that under adverse weather condition, concrete surface is loose, carbonization is reinforced the riveting steel is less relatively, compares with steel bonding, and the riveting steel adds intrinsic better weather resistance.
3, construction cost is low, and is economical and practical: reinforce than steel bonding reinforcement cost low 40～50% through adjusting the riveting steel.Mainly saved cost from following three aspects:
(1) cost of raw material, every square metre of cost that consumes structure glue of steel-bonded reinforcement just reaches more than 200 yuan.And the riveting steel is reinforced and only need be used less than 50 rivets, and 0.5kg bar planting glue only is 10 yuan with the cost of glue;
(2) technology cost: the steel-bonded reinforcement complex process, the polishing of concrete, surface of steel plate is arranged, support multiple tracks complicated technologies such as pressurization, consume timber, angle steel, the used materials such as setscrew of fixing pressurization, every square metre cost need more than 100 yuan.And the reinforcing of riveting steel only needs for every square metre make a call to 40～50 apertures, squeezes into rivet then to get final product, almost without any technologic cost in the hole.
(3) labor cost: improved work efficiency greatly because the riveting steel is reinforced, every square metre of steel plate consumes the labour and has dwindled work day over halfly, and every square metre of steel plate of steel bonding needs 2 work days approximately, and the riveting steel is reinforced every square metre with less than 1 work day.
Amid all these factors, steel bonding now needs about 500 yuan of costs for every square metre, and the reinforcing of riveting steel only needs 300 yuan for every square metre.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of special-purpose rivet among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the upward view of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is that the A of Fig. 1 is to view.
Fig. 4 is the stereogram of special-purpose rivet among the present invention.
Fig. 5 is rivet steel plate, the concrete component schematic diagram of reinforcing method of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the A-A sectional view among Fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is the reinforcing method specific embodiment one of the present invention: reinforce the main muscle that increases beam with the riveting steel.
Fig. 9 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is the reinforcing method specific embodiment two of the present invention: reinforce the stirrup that increases beam with the riveting steel.
Figure 11 is the A-A sectional view of Figure 10.
Figure 12 is the B-B sectional view of Figure 10.
(5) specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment (accompanying drawing):
Shown in Fig. 5,6,7, the outer riveting steel plate reinforcement method of reinforced concrete structure of the present invention is as described below: promptly strengthening steel slab bar 6 is riveted on the surface of concrete component 7 by rivet 1 in concrete component 7 outsides.Rivet hole spacing on the strengthening steel slab bar 6 that is arranged on concrete component 7 in the present invention and combines with it is 10cm～80cm; And the rivet hole 8 that is positioned on the concrete component all is filled with cementing agent 9.More specifically say (as shown in Figure 8), the rivet pitch that is positioned at strengthening steel slab bar 6 interludes 1/2 length range among the present invention is not more than 10% of steel plate bar length overall, each 1/4 scope at the steel plate two ends, and the rivet number n of every end should satisfy following formula:
The design shearing resistance of n * each rivet＞steel plate design stretching resistance;
Be that end rivet shearing resistance sum designs stretching resistance greater than steel plate, can determine the end rivet pitch with number of rivets according to need.
Shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4, half is half round post 4 for the part of the die of special-purpose rivet 1 described in the present invention, and second half is a half cone-shaped 5; The cross section of its shaft of rivet 2 is a rectangular configuration; And four interplanar changeover portions of its die and the shaft of rivet are domatic structure 3; The radius of the half cylindrical structure of described die part is less than the awl bottom surface radius of half cone-shaped structure; The described shaft of rivet 2 cross section diagonal sizes are than the big 1mm in the aperture of the rivet hole that processes on the concrete component.
Specific embodiment one is typical riveting steel reinforcing mode one: the main muscle that increases beam with riveting steel reinforcing method
Shown in Fig. 8,9, the square-section lintel is of a size of: 120mm (height) * 240mm (wide), and span 2m, arrangement of reinforcement 3 φ 12 at the bottom of the designing requirement beam, real arrangement of reinforcement only is 2 φ 6, and is existing by reinforcing at the steel plate bar of a 6mm * 80mm of bottom riveted joint.
The steel plate bar designs maximum stretching resistance:
6mm * (80mm-14mm) * 210N/mm
2=83.16kN, 14mm is the steel plate aperture in the formula.
Steel plate bar two ends 1/4 length range rivet number:
83.16kN/20kN=4.15 (individual) actually selects 5 for use, promptly 10cm arranges 1 rivet, and each rivet design stretching resistance is 20kN.
Steel plate bar middle part rivet is by span length overall 10%, and promptly 20cm arranges 1 rivet.14 in the shared rivet of actual steel plate.
After the riveting steel is reinforced, the effect of reinforcing has been carried out verification experimental verification, measure the bearing capacity of beam by add point load at span centre, the steel plate bar as beam at the bottom of reinforcing bar, the design maximum load capacity (mid point point load) that calculates beam by the theory of steel concrete is 1.8t, the actual destruction bearing capacity that records beam is 3.0t, and the riveting steel is reinforced and produced a desired effect fully.
Embodiment two is typical reinforcing mode two: the stirrup that increases beam with riveting steel reinforcing method
Shown in Figure 10,11,12, certain rectangular cross section beam, sectional dimension is 240mm (height) * 120mm (wide), span is 2m.Need increase stirrup in the 60cm scope of beam both sides by designing requirement, increasing the stirrup amount is 5 φ 10 reinforcing bars, and spacing is 150mm, to improve the shearing resistance of beam.Now by reinforcing at 5 3mm of beam-ends riveted joint * 50mm U type in parallel hoop lath, the steel plate bar designs maximum stretching resistance and is:
3mm * (50mm-12mm) * 210N/mm
2=23.9kN, 12mm is the steel plate aperture size in the formula.
Steel plate two ends 1/4 length range rivet number: 23.9kN/20kN=1.2 (individual) actually selects 2 for use, and 20kN is the stretching resistance of single rivet in the formula.
U type hoop plate length overall is 60cm, and 1 nail of rivet is arranged by spacing 10cm in hoop plate middle part, needs 3 of nails, reinforces single U type hoop plate and needs 7 altogether.
U type hoop plate top is by the steel bonding code requirement, and other rivets a horizontal cross plate, and the riveting steel is reinforced the stirrup that increases beam.
After the riveting steel is reinforced, the shearing resistance of beam has been carried out detecting test, result of the test shows that the riveting steel is reinforced the shearing resistance of the back rest and brought up to 3 times before the reinforcing.
Claims (5)
1, the outer riveting steel plate reinforcement method of a kind of reinforced concrete structure is characterized in that: the strengthening steel slab bar is riveted on the surface of concrete component by rivet in the concrete component outside.
2, the outer riveting steel plate reinforcement method of reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be arranged on concrete component and the strengthening steel slab bar that combines with it on the rivet hole spacing be 10cm～80cm; And the rivet hole that is positioned on the concrete component all is filled with cementing agent.
3, the outer riveting steel plate reinforcement method of reinforced concrete structure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: be positioned at strengthening steel slab bar interlude 1/2 length range rivet pitch≤steel plate bar length overall 10%, each 1/4 scope at the steel plate two ends, the rivet number n of every end should satisfy following formula:
The design shearing resistance of n * each rivet＞steel plate design stretching resistance;
Be that end rivet shearing resistance sum designs stretching resistance greater than steel plate, can determine the end rivet pitch with number of rivets according to need.
4, a kind of special-purpose rivet that is used for the described reinforcing method of claim 1 is characterized in that: half is half-cylindrical (4) the die part of described rivet (1), and second half is half cone-shaped (5); The cross section of its shaft of rivet (2) part is a rectangle; And four interplanar changeover portions of its die and the shaft of rivet are ramp structure (3).
5, special-purpose rivet according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the radius of the half cylindrical structure of described die part is less than the awl bottom surface radius of half cone-shaped structure; Described shaft of rivet cross section diagonal size is greater than the aperture of the rivet hole that processes on the concrete component.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031281540A CN1176293C (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2003-06-13 | Steel plate externally-rived stengthening method for reinforced concrete structure and its special-purpose rivet |
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| CNB031281540A CN1176293C (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2003-06-13 | Steel plate externally-rived stengthening method for reinforced concrete structure and its special-purpose rivet |
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| CN1176293C true CN1176293C (en) | 2004-11-17 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100347390C (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2007-11-07 | 常华北 | External anchor steel reinforcing method for anchor bolt and reinforced concrete structure |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101387130A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2009-03-18 | 游柏森 | Slotware anchoring device for construction industry |
| CN101629867B (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2011-04-13 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Protector for wing-surface test model |
| CN103230976A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-08-07 | 苏州工业园区高登威科技有限公司 | Rivet head device |
| CN110939077A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-31 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Method for repairing fatigue crack of closed stiffening rib of orthotropic steel bridge deck |
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2003
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100347390C (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2007-11-07 | 常华北 | External anchor steel reinforcing method for anchor bolt and reinforced concrete structure |
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