CN117610787A - Method and device for calculating bearing capacity of livestock and poultry manure area based on water environment capacity - Google Patents
Method and device for calculating bearing capacity of livestock and poultry manure area based on water environment capacity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for calculating bearing capacity of a livestock and poultry manure area based on water environment capacity, wherein the method comprises the following steps: A. determining the water environment capacity of livestock and poultry raising water in a region; B. determining the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants; C. and determining the environmental bearing capacity of the regional livestock and poultry according to the available water environment capacity of the regional livestock and poultry breeding water and the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants. According to the method and the device for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity, the environmental bearing capacity of the area is calculated according to the water environment capacity and the manure nitrogen and phosphorus emission coefficient of livestock and poultry cultivation, and a calculation model and a calculation flow are constructed, so that a basic basis is provided for more accurately calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure environment of the area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological environment protection technology, in particular to a method and a device for accounting bearing capacity of a livestock and poultry manure area based on water environment capacity.
Background
In the past decades, with the continuous growth of population, continuous improvement of economic level and rapid expansion of towns in China, the consumption proportion and total amount of animal proteins in a diet structure are continuously increased, and the rapid growth of animal husbandry cultivation scale is promoted; in addition, the continuous development of the cultivation technology promotes the intensive development of the animal husbandry from the traditional cultivation. Improper treatment of livestock and poultry manure is an important factor affecting rural environment. Therefore, constraint is performed from the aspect of environmental friendliness, and it is particularly important to determine reasonable livestock and poultry scale and industrial layout in the area range. For example, in the 90 th century of the 20 th century, the European Union clearly stipulates the nutrient input of livestock and poultry in cultivated lands, and the nitrogen input of farmlands in the fragile area of the European Union nitrate is not more than 170kg/hm 2 The phosphorus input amount is not more than 35kg/hm 2 According to the method, the livestock and poultry cultivation amount per unit area is determined in part of European countries, and the main purpose of limiting the nutrient of the livestock and poultry manure is to control the environmental emission of the nutrient. And the intensive cultivation mode is mainly adopted in China, and the problem of comprehensively considering the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure soil from the regional scale is solved, so that scientific and reasonable cultivation scale and industrial layout are realized.
At present, in some technical schemes disclosed or planned to be disclosed, related schemes of estimating the livestock and poultry feces amount of a region, determining the livestock and poultry excretion coefficient and calculating the land bearing capacity are more. For the measurement and calculation of the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure soil, the total amount of the livestock and poultry manure and the pollution risk level consumed by the unit soil area are measured and calculated in most of the prior technical schemes, and the pollution risk assessment of the large-scale environment is researched. The main starting point is based on the environmental quality target, the environmental capacity of the region is combined, the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry environment is accurately checked, and the scientific planning layout is the premise of realizing the utilization of livestock and poultry feces resources and restraining the cultivation pollution. Therefore, the technical scheme based on the beasts and birds bearing capacity in the prior art is mainly divided into two ideas: firstly, based on planting and breeding balance, from the viewpoint of soil and manure digestion capability, the method calculates the maximum beasts and birds carrying capacity of the area, the method does not fully consider the environmental quality target and the environmental capacity, and the calculation result does not necessarily meet the requirement of environmental quality; secondly, from the aspect of regional system, analyzing the environmental adaptability of the livestock and poultry breeding system by establishing an index system, and analyzing the environmental adaptability of the livestock and poultry breeding system by establishing the index system, such as a analytic hierarchy process, a gray prediction model method and the like; however, the method is complex in calculation and difficult in parameter determination, the existing statistics and calculation basis are difficult to meet the parameter value requirement, and the practical application difficulty is high. Therefore, a set of regional livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity accounting method which is connected with an environment quality target and can acquire a parameter value is explored, and the regional livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity accounting method is a real requirement for scientifically determining the regional cultivation scale and reasonably planning.
For example, patent No. 202011058529.0 discloses a method and a device for measuring and calculating the soil bearing capacity of livestock and poultry manure, which are characterized in that the crop types and the livestock and poultry types corresponding to an evaluation mode are determined by acquiring the evaluation area and the evaluation mode, and a crop list and a livestock and poultry list are generated; and respectively selecting nutrient data corresponding to the evaluation area from the database, acquiring the annual output of each crop and the annual stock quantity of each livestock and poultry in the list, and calculating to obtain the soil nutrient bearing capacity index of the fecal sewage by utilizing the nutrient data, the annual output of each crop and the annual stock quantity of each livestock and poultry. However, in practical application, the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure soil in a certain area is measured, a large amount of data such as crop types, livestock and poultry types and the like are required to be manually consulted, and the calculation process is complex for each crop nutrient data, area soil fertility, nutrient collection rate and the like by different manure collection processes. Similarly, in the technical guidelines for measuring and calculating the soil bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure in the agricultural rural department of 2018, the application amount of the livestock and poultry manure is estimated according to regional soil fertility, crop nutrient demand, on-season utilization rate of manure, manure ratio and the like, and the soil bearing capacity is finally measured and calculated by estimating the feeding amount of the livestock and poultry manure according to the type, the cultivation amount and the feeding period of regional livestock and poultry, and according to the excretion amount of the livestock and poultry manure, the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition content, the collection rate and the treatment retention rate. The above patent and document do not consider the water environmental capacity, especially the pollution degree caused by the waste water amount generated in the breeding process of live pigs, cows and the like, which is far greater than the solid waste amount. At present, no relevant report is about an environmental bearing capacity accounting method for livestock and poultry in an area aiming at protecting the quality of water environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for calculating the bearing capacity of a livestock and poultry manure area based on water environment capacity, which are used for solving the technical problems that in the prior art, a great amount of data, such as crop types, livestock and poultry types and the like, are required to be manually consulted, the bearing capacity of the area is calculated according to the water environment capacity, the nitrogen and phosphorus emission coefficients of the livestock and poultry manure, and the like, and a basic basis is provided for more accurately calculating the bearing capacity of the area by constructing a calculation model and a flow according to the environmental capacity of livestock and poultry, wherein the technical problems are caused by complex calculation process and the environmental capacity of a water body, particularly the problem that the pollution degree caused by the generation amount of solid wastes is more serious in the cultivation process of live pigs, cows and the like.
In order to achieve the object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A method for calculating bearing capacity of a livestock and poultry manure area based on water environment capacity comprises the following steps:
A. determining the water environment capacity of livestock and poultry raising water in a region;
B. determining the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants;
C. and determining the environmental bearing capacity of the regional livestock and poultry according to the available water environment capacity of the regional livestock and poultry breeding water and the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants.
In addition, in the livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting method based on the water environment capacity, the method for determining the available water environment capacity of the area livestock and poultry cultivation comprises the following steps:
calculating the water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water in the region according to the difference value between the average section concentration of the constant class factor of the monitoring section of the region and the average target concentration value of the constant class factor and the annual flow of the region, wherein,
according to the annual non-uniformity of rainfall, the annual runoff is calculated by incorporating the non-uniformity coefficient;
the method for determining the available water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water in the region comprises the following steps:
W＝(C o -C i )×R×ξ×α×10 -2 ；
wherein W is the water environment capacity of regional livestock and poultry breeding water, and the unit is t and C o Determining an average target concentration value of a class factor for regional water quality, wherein the unit is mg/L; c (C) i The average section concentration unit of the constant class factor for regional water quality is mg/L, R is regional annual flow, and the unit is hundred million cubic meters; ζ is the non-uniformity coefficient obtained according to statistics; alpha is the ratio of the water environment capacity available for regional livestock and poultry cultivation.
In addition, in the method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity, the water quality type is determined according to the highest type in the area monitoring section indexes in the evaluation time period, and the index is determined as a type-determining factor;
average section concentration C of regional water quality classification factor i Determining according to regional surface water environment quality data, and taking an average value for a preset time period, for example, taking an average value of each section under the condition of a plurality of water quality monitoring sections;
regional water quality classification factor average target concentration value C o According to the water environment quality standard value to be executed in the current area where each water quality monitoring section is located;
regional annual flow rate R is a surface water resource measurement value;
the non-uniformity coefficient ζ is the ratio of the average diameter flow of the most withered water month to the average diameter flow of the whole year month in the last specific number of statistical years;
the regional livestock and poultry cultivation can be determined by utilizing the water environment capacity proportion alpha according to the specific pollutant discharge amount proportion of various pollution sources in the regional ecological environment.
In addition, in the livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting method based on water environment capacity, determining the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants comprises the following steps:
according to Q p ＝Q c Determination of the emission coefficient of pollution from live pigs per equivalent of x (1-beta) x gamma x P, wherein Q p The unit is equivalent to the emission coefficient of the live pig pollutant, the unit is kg/head, Q c The production coefficient of the pig pollutant is equivalent to the unit, the unit is kg/head, beta is the pollutant removal rate, gamma is the pollutant retention rate, and P is the pollutant loss rate;
according toDetermining the treatment capacity proportion of different treatment modes of the excrement in the region;
wherein lambda is j The treatment capacity ratio of the j-th fecal sewage treatment mode;
k i the breeding amount of the ith livestock is in the unit of head/feather; θ ij The treatment mode proportion of the jth fecal sewage is the ith livestock species;
Q ci the generation coefficient of the pollutant of the type i livestock manure is expressed as kg/head;
according to Q= Σ j Q p ×λ j The average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants is determined.
In addition, in the method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity, the pollutant removal rate beta, the pollutant retention rate gamma and the pollutant loss rate P are statistically determined according to the pre-measured value;
the ratio theta of the treatment mode of the jth fecal sewage of the ith livestock species ij Determined by sampling analysis.
The device comprises a water environment capacity determining unit, a live pig pollutant average emission coefficient determining unit and a regional livestock environment bearing capacity determining unit, wherein the water environment capacity determining unit is used for determining the available water environment capacity of regional livestock breeding water; the average emission coefficient determination unit of the live pig pollutants is used for determining the average emission coefficient of the live pig pollutants in unit equivalent; the regional livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity determining unit is used for determining the regional livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity according to the available water environment capacity of the regional livestock and poultry breeding water and the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants.
In addition, in the livestock and poultry manure region bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity, the water environment capacity determining unit comprises a region water quality classification factor average target concentration value determining unit, a region water quality classification factor average section concentration determining unit, a region annual flow rate determining unit, a non-uniformity coefficient determining unit and a region livestock and poultry cultivation available water environment capacity proportion determining unit; wherein,
the average target concentration value determining unit of the regional water quality classification factor determines the average target concentration value C of the regional water quality classification factor according to the water environment quality standard value to be executed in the current region where each water quality monitoring section is located o ；
Determining the average section concentration C of the regional water quality classification factors according to the regional surface water environment quality data i ；
The regional annual runoff determining unit determines regional annual runoff R according to the surface water resource measured value;
the non-uniformity coefficient determining unit determines a non-uniformity coefficient xi according to the ratio of the average diameter flow of the most withered water month to the average diameter flow of the whole year month in the last specific number of statistical years;
the regional livestock and poultry cultivation available water environment capacity ratio determining unit determines a regional livestock and poultry cultivation available water environment capacity ratio alpha according to the emission amount ratio of various pollution sources of the regional ecological environment;
the water environment capacity determining unit determines the water environment capacity according to W= (C o -C i )×R×ξ×α×10 -2 And determining the water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water in the region.
In addition, in the livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity, the live pig pollutant average discharge coefficient determining unit comprises a unit equivalent live pig pollutant discharge coefficient determining unit and an area manure treatment mode treatment capacity proportion determining unit,
the unit equivalent pig pollutant discharge coefficient determination unit is used for determining the unit equivalent pig pollutant discharge coefficient Q p ；
The treatment capacity ratio determining unit for the different treatment modes of the regional excrement is used for determining the treatment capacity ratio lambda of the different treatment modes of the regional excrement j ；
The average emission coefficient determination unit of the live pig pollutants is based on Q= Σ j Q p ×λ j And determining the average emission coefficient Q of the live pig pollutants.
In addition, in the livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity, the unit equivalent pig pollutant emission coefficient determining unit comprises a unit equivalent pig pollutant generation coefficient determining unit, a pollutant removal rate unit, a pollutant retention rate unit and a pollutant loss rate unit; wherein,
the unit equivalent live pig pollutant generation coefficient determination unit determines the unit equivalent live pig pollutant generation coefficient Q according to an experimental statistical method c ；
The pollutant removal rate unit, the pollutant retention rate unit, the pollutant loss rate unit respectively and statistically determines the pollutant removal rate beta, the pollutant retention rate gamma and the pollutant loss rate P according to the pre-measured value;
the unit equivalent pig pollutant emission coefficient determining unit determines the unit equivalent pig pollutant emission coefficient according to Q p ＝Q c Determination of the emission coefficient Q of pollution from live pigs per unit equivalent of X (1-beta) x gamma x P p 。
In addition, in the livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity, the area manure treatment mode treatment amount proportion determining unit comprises a livestock breeding amount unit and a manure treatment mode proportion unit, wherein,
the livestock breeding amount unit determines the i type livestock breeding amount k according to the statistical quantity i ；
The fecal sewage treatment mode proportion unit obtains the j fecal sewage treatment mode proportion theta of the ith livestock species according to sampling analysis ij ；
Fecal pollutant generation coefficient unitProduction coefficient Q of live pig pollutant in unit equivalent c Determining the generation coefficient Q of the fecal pollutant of the ith livestock ci ；
The treatment capacity proportion determining unit for different treatment modes of the regional excrement and the sewage is based onDetermining the treatment capacity proportion lambda of different treatment modes of the excrement in the region j 。
The method and the device for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity have the following technical effects.
1. The invention provides a computing method for perfecting the bearing capacity accounting of the livestock and poultry environment in the region of China, and the computing method is used for recycling the water environment capacity and the livestock and poultry manure. The water environment capacity is used as an important component of the resource environment bearing capacity, and is the key of connecting water quality targets, controlling total pollutant and preventing and controlling measures. According to regional hydrologic conditions, water environment quality targets, the existing pollutant discharge amount and the pollutant discharge proportion of water of each pollution source, and combining economic and social development targets, accounting the available water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water; determining the main pollutant emission coefficient of the regional fecal sewage according to the livestock and poultry breeding prevention and treatment measures in the region; according to the livestock and poultry raising water, the environmental bearing capacity of the region can be calculated by utilizing the water environment capacity and the excrement nitrogen and phosphorus emission coefficient, and a calculation model and a calculation flow are constructed, so that a technical foundation is provided for more accurately calculating the environmental bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry in the region.
2. On the basis of the livestock and poultry land bearing capacity accounting method, factors such as water environment capacity, economic and social development and the like are comprehensively considered, and a livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity accounting model based on crop nutrient requirements and water-soil environment multi-element balance is constructed, so that the formed livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity accounting method can be linked with water environment quality requirements and environment capacity, and is more suitable for environment management requirements, thereby being beneficial to the coordinated development of livestock industry and environment protection.
3. The constructed accounting model method is utilized to calculate the environmental bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry in each region, so that the main livestock and poultry cultivation quantity in each region, the available water environment capacity proportion in livestock and poultry cultivation, the total phosphorus emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pigs in different treatment modes of the excrement, the treatment quantity proportion in different treatment modes of the excrement, the average total phosphorus emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pigs, the available total phosphorus capacity in the water environment, the environmental bearing capacity and bearing capacity index of the livestock and poultry and the like can be calculated, and the method has good guiding effects on optimizing and selecting the livestock and poultry cultivation excrement treatment process and reasonably planning the industrial layout, ensuring the improvement of the water environment quality and the supply requirement of market meat products, and improving the pollution control level and ecological protection of the livestock and poultry.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the bearing capacity of a livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the result of a method for calculating the bearing capacity of a livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed exemplary embodiments are disclosed below. However, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely for purposes of describing example embodiments.
It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the particular exemplary embodiments disclosed, but is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the description of the drawings.
Referring to the drawings, the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are shown only in connection with the disclosure of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, so that any structural modifications, proportional changes, or adjustments of sizes may be made without affecting the efficacy of the invention or achieving the purpose, and are therefore within the scope of the disclosure. In addition, the positional limitation terms recited in the present specification are used merely for convenience of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, in which the relative changes or modifications are regarded as the scope of the invention without any substantial modification to the technical content.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will also be understood that when a component or element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another component or element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other component or element or intervening components or elements may also be present. Moreover, other words used to describe the relationship between components or units should be interpreted in the same manner (e.g., "between" versus "directly between," "adjacent" versus "directly adjacent," etc.).
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the bearing capacity of a livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in the figure, the specific embodiment of the invention comprises a method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity, and the method comprises the following steps:
A. determining the water environment capacity of livestock and poultry raising water in a region;
B. determining the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants;
C. and determining the environmental bearing capacity of the regional livestock and poultry according to the available water environment capacity of the regional livestock and poultry breeding water and the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants.
In addition, in the method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity, the method for determining the available water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water in the area comprises the following steps:
calculating the water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water in the region according to the difference value between the average section concentration of the constant class factor of the monitoring section of the region and the average target concentration value of the constant class factor and the annual flow of the region, wherein,
according to the annual non-uniformity of rainfall, the annual runoff is calculated by incorporating the non-uniformity coefficient;
the method for determining the available water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water in the region comprises the following steps:
W＝(C o -C i )×R×ξ×α×10 -2 ；
wherein W is the water environment capacity of regional livestock and poultry breeding water, and the unit is t and C o Determining an average target concentration value of a class factor for regional water quality, wherein the unit is mg/L; c (C) i The average section concentration unit of the constant class factor for regional water quality is mg/L, R is regional annual flow, and the unit is hundred million cubic meters; ζ is the non-uniformity coefficient obtained according to statistics; alpha is the ratio of the water environment capacity available for regional livestock and poultry cultivation.
In addition, in the method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity, according to one of the highest categories in the area monitoring section indexes in the evaluation time period, the water quality category is determined, and the index is determined to be a constant factor;
average section concentration C of regional water quality classification factor i Determining according to regional surface water environment quality data, and taking an average value for a preset time period, for example, taking an average value of each section under the condition of a plurality of water quality monitoring sections;
regional water quality classification factor average target concentration value C o According to the water environment quality standard value to be executed in the current area where each water quality monitoring section is located;
regional annual flow rate R is a surface water resource measurement value;
the non-uniformity coefficient ζ is the ratio of the average diameter flow of the most withered water month to the average diameter flow of the whole year month in the last specific number of statistical years;
the regional livestock and poultry cultivation can be determined by utilizing the water environment capacity proportion alpha according to the specific pollutant discharge amount proportion of various pollution sources in the regional ecological environment.
In addition, in the determination process of the average emission coefficient of main pollutants of unit equivalent pigs, the pollution production amount of different livestock and poultry is different, so that the main livestock and poultry pigs in China are used as the standard, and the pollution production amount of other livestock and poultry is converted into the standard pig equivalent. The treatment mode of the livestock and poultry raising solid manure in China mainly comprises resource utilization; the liquid manure treatment mode mainly comprises three types of resource utilization, resource utilization after treatment and standard discharge. The method comprises the steps of degrading and removing a part of pollutants in the sewage harmless treatment process in the recycling utilization mode and the treated recycling utilization mode, enabling a small amount of treated sewage to enter the water body through surface water or rainfall leaching after entering the soil, enabling an off-site discarded part to directly enter the water body, and enabling a liquid sewage discharged part reaching the standard to directly enter the water body. The amount of the livestock and poultry manure entering the water body in different treatment modes is different, namely the emission coefficient is different. Therefore, in the method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity, the method for determining the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants comprises the following steps:
according to Q p ＝Q c Determination of the emission coefficient of pollution from live pigs per equivalent of x (1-beta) x gamma x P, wherein Q p The unit is equivalent to the emission coefficient of the live pig pollutant, the unit is kg/head, Q c The production coefficient of the pig pollutant is equivalent to the unit, the unit is kg/head, beta is the pollutant removal rate, gamma is the pollutant retention rate, and P is the pollutant loss rate;
according toDetermining the treatment capacity proportion of different treatment modes of the excrement in the region;
wherein lambda is j The treatment capacity ratio of the j-th fecal sewage treatment mode;
k i the breeding amount of the ith livestock is in the unit of head/feather; θ ij The treatment mode proportion of the jth fecal sewage is the ith livestock species;
Q ci the generation coefficient of the fecal pollutant of the ith livestock is kg/head;
according to Q= Σ j Q p ×λ j The average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants is determined.
In addition, in the method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity, the pollutant removal rate beta, the pollutant retention rate gamma and the pollutant loss rate P are statistically determined according to the pre-measured value;
the ratio theta of the treatment mode of the jth fecal sewage of the ith livestock species ij Determined by sampling analysis.
Finally, the meterThe method for calculating the regional equivalent pig breeding amount comprises the following steps: k (K) pig ＝W/Q×10 -1 Wherein, K pig The unit is ten thousands of pigs are bred in a regional equivalent manner, and the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure region is obtained.
The device comprises a water environment capacity determining unit, a live pig pollutant average emission coefficient determining unit and a regional livestock environment bearing capacity determining unit, wherein the water environment capacity determining unit is used for determining the available water environment capacity of regional livestock breeding water; the average emission coefficient determination unit of the live pig pollutants is used for determining the average emission coefficient of the live pig pollutants in unit equivalent; the regional livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity determining unit is used for determining the regional livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity according to the available water environment capacity of the regional livestock and poultry breeding water and the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants.
In addition, in the livestock and poultry manure region bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity, the water environment capacity determining unit comprises a region water quality classification factor average target concentration value determining unit, a region water quality classification factor average section concentration determining unit, a region annual flow determining unit, a non-uniformity coefficient determining unit and a region livestock and poultry cultivation available water environment capacity proportion determining unit; wherein,
the average target concentration value determining unit of the regional water quality classification factor determines the average target concentration value C of the regional water quality classification factor according to the water environment quality standard value to be executed in the current region where each water quality monitoring section is located o ；
Determining the average section concentration C of the regional water quality classification factors according to the regional surface water environment quality data i ；
The regional annual runoff determining unit determines regional annual runoff R according to the surface water resource measured value;
the non-uniformity coefficient determining unit determines a non-uniformity coefficient xi according to the ratio of the average diameter flow of the most withered water month to the average diameter flow of the whole year month in the last specific number of statistical years;
the regional livestock and poultry cultivation available water environment capacity ratio determining unit determines a regional livestock and poultry cultivation available water environment capacity ratio alpha according to the emission amount ratio of various pollution sources of the regional ecological environment;
the water environment capacity determining unit determines the water environment capacity according to W= (C o -C i )×R×ξ×α×10 -2 And determining the water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water in the region.
In addition, in the livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity, the live pig pollutant average emission coefficient determining unit comprises a unit equivalent live pig pollutant emission coefficient determining unit and an area manure treatment mode treatment capacity proportion determining unit,
the unit equivalent pig pollutant discharge coefficient determination unit is used for determining the unit equivalent pig pollutant discharge coefficient Q p ；
The treatment capacity ratio determining unit for the different treatment modes of the regional excrement is used for determining the treatment capacity ratio lambda of the different treatment modes of the regional excrement j ；
The average emission coefficient determination unit of the live pig pollutants is based on Q= Σ j Q p ×λ j And determining the average emission coefficient Q of the live pig pollutants.
In addition, in the livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity, the unit equivalent live pig pollutant emission coefficient determining unit comprises a unit equivalent live pig pollutant generation coefficient determining unit, a pollutant removal rate unit, a pollutant retention rate unit and a pollutant loss rate unit; wherein,
the unit equivalent live pig pollutant generation coefficient determination unit determines the unit equivalent live pig pollutant generation coefficient Q according to an experimental statistical method c ；
The pollutant removal rate unit, the pollutant retention rate unit, the pollutant loss rate unit respectively and statistically determines the pollutant removal rate beta, the pollutant retention rate gamma and the pollutant loss rate P according to the pre-measured value;
the unit equivalent pig pollutant emission coefficient determining unit determines the unit equivalent pig pollutant emission coefficient according to Q p ＝Q c ×(Determination of the emission coefficient Q of the pollution of the live pigs per unit equivalent of 1-beta) x gamma x P p 。
In addition, in the livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity, the area manure treatment mode treatment amount proportion determining unit comprises a livestock breeding amount unit and a manure treatment mode proportion unit, wherein,
the livestock breeding amount unit determines the i type livestock breeding amount k according to the statistical quantity i ；
The fecal sewage treatment mode proportion unit obtains the j fecal sewage treatment mode proportion theta of the ith livestock species according to sampling analysis ij ；
The fecal pollutant generation coefficient unit generates coefficient Q in unit equivalent of pig pollutant c Determining the generation coefficient Q of the fecal pollutant of the ith livestock ci ；
The treatment capacity proportion determining unit for different treatment modes of the regional excrement and the sewage is based onDetermining the treatment capacity proportion lambda of different treatment modes of the excrement in the area j 。
The following describes a specific embodiment of the present invention and technical effects that can be brought about by the present invention.
Hunan province (24 DEG 38'-30 DEG 08' N,108 DEG 47'-114 DEG 15' E) located in the middle stream area of Yangtze river, 21.18 ten thousand km in area 2 The topography belongs to the transitional zone from Yun Guigao original to the south hills of the river and from the south mountains to Jiang Han plain, the east, the south and the west are all round mountains, the middle hills undulate, the north lake basin plain is unfolded, the water system is developed, and the water system belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, is full of light and heat, and is full of rainfall, the annual average precipitation is 1200-1700mm, and the water resource is rich. According to the statistical data of agricultural rural areas in Hunan province, the number of live pigs in Hunan province, the number of dairy cows in 2020, the number of beef cattle in the livestock, the number of laying hens in the livestock and the number of broilers in the livestock and poultry in 2020 are 4992.13 tens of thousands, 1.93 tens of thousands, 175.25 tens of thousands, 8370.01 tens of thousands and 31553.18 tens of thousands respectively, and the number of live pigs in the livestock and poultry in each place in Hunan province is 4265.43 tens of thousands (figure 2), and the main livestock and poultry cultivation number and the live pig equivalent are shown in the following table.
In addition, according to historical statistical data, the stock of animals counted in the out-of-stock amount is converted into stock amount according to the proportion that the out-of-stock 2 pigs are equal to the out-of-stock 1 pigs, the out-of-stock 1 beef cattle are equal to the out-of-stock 2 beef cattle, and the out-of-stock 5 broilers are equal to the out-of-stock 1 broilers; and the conversion is carried out according to the stock quantity: 100 pigs were equivalent to 15 cows, 30 beef cattle and 2500 poultry.
And considering the environmental quality condition, according to the water quality data of the cross sections detected in 2020 of Hunan province, 16 out of 18 cross sections which are not up to standard are out of standard in total phosphorus, more than 80% of the total phosphorus in the cross sections which are up to standard is a classification factor, which indicates that the total phosphorus is a primary factor affecting the water environment quality of Hunan province. Therefore, with the aim of improving the quality of the water environment as a starting point, total phosphorus is selected as a accounting classification factor.
According to the water quality functional subareas and the water quality targets of each subarea in Hunan province, calculating the total phosphorus average target concentration in the whole province by weighted average; calculating the actual concentration of total phosphorus in the whole province by weighted average of the total phosphorus concentration of each section in 2020; and calculating the proportion of the water pollutant discharge amount of the livestock and poultry raising industry in 2020 to the total water pollutant discharge amount of each land as the water environment capacity proportion available for livestock and poultry raising in each land. The distribution of the water quality monitoring section and the condition of reaching the standard in the Hunan province in 2020 are shown in the table.
The production coefficient, total phosphorus removal rate and total phosphorus loss rate data of the animal manure are all from historical statistical data. The production coefficients of solid manure and liquid manure total phosphorus of live pigs are respectively 1.1 kg/head and 0.1 kg/head (out of the columns), the ratio of the live pigs in the first 1 of the stock to the live pigs in the second 2 of the stock in the last year is converted into 2.2 kg/head and 0.2 kg/head (stock), and the livestock manure in Hunan province is calculated according to statistics and mainly adopts 4 liquid manure treatment processes of solid-liquid separation-anaerobic fermentation-aerobic treatment, solid-liquid separation-anaerobic fermentation-oxidation pond, solid-liquid separation-anaerobic fermentation-artificial wetland and solid-liquid separation-anaerobic fermentation-membrane treatment, wherein 86% of the weighted average removal efficiency of the 4 treatment processes is used as the total phosphorus removal rate of the liquid manure; in the loss rate zone, yueyang, changde, yiyang Sanshi belongs to the southern wet plain zone, and the average value of the total phosphorus loss rate is 1.584%; other areas are south mountain hilly areas, and the average value of the total phosphorus loss rate is 0.984 percent; according to sampling investigation, farmland utilization after composting and sewage oxidation pond storage or anaerobic fermentation is the main mode of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization in Hunan province at present, 72% of recommended value is adopted as nitrogen and phosphorus retention rate of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization, and 65% of recommended value is adopted as nitrogen and phosphorus retention rate of a resource utilization path after liquid manure treatment in Hunan province in biogas engineering treatment, so that the total phosphorus discharge coefficient of unit equivalent pigs in different manure treatment modes in various areas in Hunan province is shown in the following table.
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The livestock and poultry raising amounts come from statistical data in various areas of Hunan province in 2020, the proportion of different treatment modes of the excrement and the urine is obtained through sampling analysis, sampling analysis is carried out in each area, and a plurality of farms with different animal species and different scales are extracted, wherein each area selects a plurality of live pig farms, a plurality of beef cattle farms, a plurality of broiler farms and a plurality of dairy cow farms in full province for sampling analysis, and for example, the results of the sampling analysis are shown in the following table.
The method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity is adopted to determine the available water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry cultivation water in the area, and the result is that:
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further, the method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity is utilized to calculate the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area of each area, and the bearing current situation is judged as shown in the following table.
The results can be shown by fig. 2, and the method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity of the invention is that the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area in the region of Hunan province is 6113.16 ten thousand pig equivalents, the actual pig equivalent is 4265.43 ten thousand, and the bearing capacity index of the livestock and poultry manure area is 0.70. However, serious area unbalance phenomenon appears in each area, for example, the bearing capacity indexes of the areas of the Yueyang city, the Changde city and the Yinyang city, such as the Dongting lake plain river network, reach 1.52-3.11, the river network is dense, the paddy field is taken as the main factor, the loss coefficient of nitrogen and phosphorus is higher, the nitrogen and the phosphorus in the livestock and poultry manure easily enter the water body, and in order to ensure the water environment quality improvement target of three ground-level cities, the Yueyang city, the Changde city and the Yinyang city at least need to reduce 216.59 ten thousand, 196.41 ten thousand and 99.69 ten thousand equivalent pigs respectively so as to maintain the local water environment quality without deterioration. The areas such as the Heyang city, the Huo-bottom city, the Shao Yangshi, the Hunan pool city, the Changsha city and the Yongzhou city have higher bearing capacity indexes and are close to saturation, and the main reason is that the areas belong to typical hilly and mountain areas, the crop planting is difficult, the cultivation scale should be moderately controlled, the cultivation structure is reasonably distributed in the areas, and the coordinated development of the cultivation industry and the environmental quality target is ensured. The livestock and poultry breeding amount is small in the areas of Xiangxi state, zhang Jiang city, chenzhou city, huai chemical city and the like, the environment bearing capacity is high, the natural vegetation coverage is high, the excrement digestion capability is high, and the livestock and poultry breeding scale can be properly increased.
In summary, the method and the device for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity have the following technical effects.
1. The invention provides a computing method for perfecting the bearing capacity accounting of the livestock and poultry environment in the region of China, and the computing method is used for recycling the water environment capacity and the livestock and poultry manure. The water environment capacity is used as an important component of the resource environment bearing capacity and is key to connect water quality targets, pollutant control total amount and pollution control measures. According to regional hydrologic conditions, water environment quality targets, the existing pollutant discharge amount and the pollutant discharge proportion of water of each pollution source, and combining economic and social development targets, accounting the available water environment capacity of livestock and poultry cultivation; determining the main pollutant emission coefficient of the regional fecal sewage according to the livestock and poultry breeding prevention and treatment measures in the region; according to the livestock and poultry cultivation, the environmental bearing capacity of the area can be calculated by utilizing the water environment capacity and the excrement nitrogen and phosphorus emission coefficient, and a calculation model and a calculation flow are constructed, so that a technical foundation is provided for more accurately calculating the environmental bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry in the area.
2. On the basis of the livestock and poultry land bearing capacity accounting method, factors such as water environment capacity, economic and social development and the like are comprehensively considered, and a livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity accounting model based on crop nutrient requirements and water-soil environment multi-element balance is constructed, so that the formed livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity accounting method can be linked with water environment quality requirements and environment capacity, and is more suitable for environment management requirements, thereby being beneficial to the coordinated development of livestock industry and environment protection.
3. The constructed accounting model method is utilized to calculate the environmental bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry in each region, so that the main livestock and poultry cultivation quantity in each region, the available water environment capacity proportion in livestock and poultry cultivation, the total phosphorus emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pigs in different treatment modes of the excrement, the treatment quantity proportion in different treatment modes of the excrement, the average total phosphorus emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pigs, the available total phosphorus capacity in the water environment, the environmental bearing capacity and bearing capacity index of the livestock and poultry and the like can be calculated, and the method has good guiding effects on optimizing and selecting the livestock and poultry cultivation excrement treatment process and reasonably planning the industrial layout, ensuring the improvement of the water environment quality and the supply requirement of market meat products, and improving the pollution control level and ecological protection of the livestock and poultry.
While the foregoing description illustrates and describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as limited to other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein, either as a result of the foregoing teachings or as a result of the knowledge or skills of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. determining the water environment capacity of livestock and poultry raising water in a region;
B. determining the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants;
C. and determining the environmental bearing capacity of the regional livestock and poultry according to the available water environment capacity of the regional livestock and poultry breeding water and the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants.
2. The method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity as set forth in claim 1, wherein determining the available water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water in the area comprises:
calculating the water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water in the region according to the difference value between the average section concentration of the constant class factor of the monitoring section of the region and the average target concentration value of the constant class factor and the annual flow of the region, wherein,
according to the annual non-uniformity of rainfall, the annual runoff is calculated by incorporating the non-uniformity coefficient;
the method for determining the available water environment capacity of the livestock and poultry raising water in the region comprises the following steps:
W＝(C o -C i )×R×ξ×α×10 -2 ；
wherein W is the water environment capacity of regional livestock and poultry breeding water, C o Determining the average target concentration value of the class factors for regional water quality, C i Is regional water qualityDetermining the average section concentration of the class factors, wherein R is regional annual flow; ζ is the non-uniformity coefficient obtained according to statistics; alpha is the ratio of the water environment capacity available for regional livestock and poultry cultivation.
3. The method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity according to claim 2, wherein the water quality category is determined according to the highest category in the area monitoring section indexes in the evaluation time period, and the category is determined as a category-determining factor;
average section concentration C of regional water quality classification factor i Determining according to regional surface water environment quality data, and taking an average value for a preset time period, for example, taking an average value of each section under the condition of a plurality of water quality monitoring sections;
regional water quality classification factor average target concentration value C o According to the water environment quality standard value to be executed in the current area where each water quality monitoring section is located;
regional annual flow rate R is a surface water resource measurement value;
the non-uniformity coefficient ζ is the ratio of the average diameter flow of the most withered water month to the average diameter flow of the whole year month in the last specific number of statistical years;
the regional livestock and poultry cultivation can be determined by utilizing the water environment capacity proportion alpha according to the specific pollutant discharge amount proportion of various pollution sources in the regional ecological environment.
4. The method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity as set forth in claim 1, wherein determining the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants comprises:
according to Q p ＝Q c Determination of the emission coefficient of pollution from live pigs per equivalent of x (1-beta) x gamma x P, wherein Q p Is the emission coefficient of the pollution of the live pigs in unit equivalent, Q c The production coefficient of the pig pollutants is expressed as unit equivalent, beta is the pollutant removal rate, gamma is the pollutant retention rate, and P is the pollutant loss rate;
according toDetermining the treatment capacity proportion of different fecal sewage treatment modes in the region;
wherein lambda is j The treatment capacity ratio of the j-th fecal sewage treatment mode;
k i the breeding amount of the ith livestock species; θ ij The treatment mode proportion of the jth fecal sewage is the ith livestock species;
Q ci generating coefficients for the type i livestock manure pollutants;
according to Q= Σ j Q p ×λ j The average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants is determined.
5. The method for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity according to claim 4, wherein the pollutant removal rate beta, the pollutant retention rate gamma and the pollutant loss rate P are statistically determined according to a pre-measured value;
the ratio theta of the treatment mode of the jth fecal sewage of the ith livestock species ij Determined by sampling analysis.
6. The livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity is characterized by comprising a water environment capacity determining unit, a live pig pollutant average emission coefficient determining unit and an area livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity determining unit, wherein the water environment capacity determining unit is used for determining the available water environment capacity of area livestock and poultry cultivation water; the average emission coefficient determination unit of the live pig pollutants is used for determining the average emission coefficient of the live pig pollutants in unit equivalent; the regional livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity determining unit is used for determining the regional livestock and poultry environment bearing capacity according to the available water environment capacity of the regional livestock and poultry breeding water and the average emission coefficient of the unit equivalent pig pollutants.
7. The device for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity according to claim 6, wherein the water environment capacity determining unit comprises an area water quality classification factor average target concentration value determining unit, an area water quality classification factor average section concentration determining unit, an area annual flow determining unit, an uneven coefficient determining unit and an area livestock and poultry cultivation available water environment capacity proportion determining unit; wherein,
the average target concentration value determining unit of the regional water quality classification factor determines the average target concentration value C of the regional water quality classification factor according to the water environment quality standard value to be executed in the current region where each water quality monitoring section is located o ；
Determining the average section concentration C of the regional water quality classification factors according to the regional surface water environment quality data i ；
The regional annual runoff determining unit determines regional annual runoff R according to the surface water resource measured value;
the non-uniformity coefficient determining unit determines a non-uniformity coefficient xi according to the ratio of the average diameter flow of the most withered water month to the average diameter flow of the whole year month in the last specific number of statistical years;
the regional livestock and poultry cultivation available water environment capacity ratio determining unit determines a regional livestock and poultry cultivation available water environment capacity ratio alpha according to the emission amount ratio of various pollution sources of the regional ecological environment;
the water environment capacity determining unit determines the water environment capacity according to W= (C o -C i )×R×ξ×α×10 -2 A method for determining the water environment capacity of livestock and poultry raising water in a region.
8. The device for calculating the bearing capacity of the livestock and poultry manure area based on the water environment capacity according to claim 6, wherein the unit for determining the average emission coefficient of the live pig pollutants comprises a unit equivalent live pig pollutant emission coefficient determination unit and a unit for determining the treatment capacity proportion of the area manure in different treatment modes,
the unit equivalent pig pollutant discharge coefficient determination unit is used for determining the unit equivalent pig pollutant discharge coefficient Q p ；
The treatment capacity ratio determining unit for the different treatment modes of the region excrement is used for determining the treatment capacity ratio lambda of the different treatment modes of the region excrement j ；
Average pig pollutant dischargeThe amplification factor determination unit determines the amplification factor according to Q= Σ j Q p ×λ j And determining the average emission coefficient Q of the live pig pollutants.
9. The livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity according to claim 8, wherein,
the unit equivalent live pig pollutant emission coefficient determining unit comprises a unit equivalent live pig pollutant generation coefficient determining unit, a pollutant removal rate unit, a pollutant retention rate unit and a pollutant loss rate unit; wherein,
the unit equivalent live pig pollutant generation coefficient determination unit determines the unit equivalent live pig pollutant generation coefficient Q according to an experimental statistical method c ；
The pollutant removal rate unit, the pollutant retention rate unit, the pollutant loss rate unit respectively and statistically determines the pollutant removal rate beta, the pollutant retention rate gamma and the pollutant loss rate P according to the pre-measured value;
the unit equivalent pig pollutant emission coefficient determining unit determines the unit equivalent pig pollutant emission coefficient according to Q p ＝Q c Determination of the emission coefficient Q of pollution from live pigs per unit equivalent of X (1-beta) x gamma x P p 。
10. The livestock and poultry manure area bearing capacity accounting device based on the water environment capacity according to claim 9, wherein,
the treatment capacity proportion determining unit for different treatment modes of the regional excrement comprises an animal breeding quantity unit and an excrement treatment mode proportion unit, wherein,
the livestock breeding amount unit determines the i type livestock breeding amount k according to the statistical quantity i ；
The fecal sewage treatment mode proportion unit obtains the j fecal sewage treatment mode proportion theta of the ith livestock species according to sampling analysis ij ；
The fecal pollutant generation coefficient unit generates coefficient Q in unit equivalent of pig pollutant c Determining the generation coefficient Q of the fecal pollutant of the ith livestock ci ；
Determination of treatment capacity ratio of different treatment modes of regional excrementThe unit is according toDetermining the treatment capacity proportion lambda of different treatment modes of the excrement in the area j 。
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