CN117610452A - Simulation prediction system for sea area natural gas hydrate decomposition induced seabed landslide - Google Patents

Simulation prediction system for sea area natural gas hydrate decomposition induced seabed landslide Download PDF

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CN117610452A
CN117610452A CN202311579087.8A CN202311579087A CN117610452A CN 117610452 A CN117610452 A CN 117610452A CN 202311579087 A CN202311579087 A CN 202311579087A CN 117610452 A CN117610452 A CN 117610452A
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natural gas
decomposition
gas hydrate
landslide
hydrate
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宋晓龙
张通
刘健
宋帅兵
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/28Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/10Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B31/00Predictive alarm systems characterised by extrapolation or other computation using updated historic data
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16CCOMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
    • G16C10/00Computational theoretical chemistry, i.e. ICT specially adapted for theoretical aspects of quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics or the like
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16CCOMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
    • G16C20/00Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
    • G16C20/10Analysis or design of chemical reactions, syntheses or processes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10Numerical modelling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/08Fluids
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces

Abstract

The invention discloses a simulation prediction system for sea natural gas hydrate decomposition induced submarine landslide, which comprises the following components: the data acquisition module is used for collecting sea area data; a natural gas hydrate decomposition module that monitors the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate in a subsea environment according to the sea area data; the landslide simulation module is used for simulating a submarine landslide according to the possibility of the natural gas hydrate decomposition module, and further comprises an early warning module, and the early warning module can send out early warning when the decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate reaches the instability critical. The system of the invention is of great significance for understanding and predicting the likelihood of subsea landslide, particularly in deep sea oil and gas exploitation, and can help engineers and policy makers to better assess and manage the associated risks.

Description

Simulation prediction system for sea area natural gas hydrate decomposition induced seabed landslide
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine geological disaster simulation, and particularly relates to a simulation prediction system for sea land natural gas hydrate decomposition induced seabed landslide.
Background
Natural gas hydrate is an ice-like crystal formed by natural gas and water under high pressure and low temperature conditions, and the ice-like crystal contains cage-shaped pores, and is a metastable substance. The main conditions for natural gas hydrate are submarine sediment in deepwater areas and land permanent frozen earth zones, and huge natural gas hydrate resource reserves are found in the ocean and frozen earth zones in recent years. The natural gas hydrate has the characteristics of cleanness, high energy density, huge resource amount, shallow burial, wide distribution and the like, and is a new energy source with the most commercial development prospect.
The high risk of natural gas hydrate exploitation also presents a serious challenge to the human living environment while bringing benefit to human beings. Natural gas hydrates are mainly stored in submarine sediments in deep water areas and land permanent frozen earth zones, and the occurrence conditions are extremely fragile and sensitive. The biggest difficulty in natural gas hydrate recovery is reservoir stability. The stable region of natural gas hydrate depends on the temperature and pressure conditions, and slight changes in temperature or pressure caused by environmental changes and artificial engineering activities can decompose the hydrate, and the decomposition of the hydrate can generate a large amount of water and gas, so that the pore pressure is rapidly increased, and the excessive pore pressure can greatly reduce the strength and bearing capacity of sediment, so that a natural gas hydrate reservoir is softened and even liquefied, and the stability of the submarine sediment is affected.
The influence of the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate on the submarine landslide is known, and the mechanical characteristics of the natural gas hydrate are known, so that the method has important significance for the exploitation of the submarine natural gas hydrate, the petroleum exploration, development and transportation near a hydrate reservoir and the construction of submarine engineering facilities.
Since research on aspects of instability of seabed sediment, induction of seabed landslide and the like caused by hydrate decomposition in China and China in the prior art is still in a starting stage, a large amount of published literature explains that seabed landslide, ancient climate, ancient environment disaster events and the like in different geological history periods can be related to hydrate decomposition and release of a large amount of methane, but mainly qualitative research is carried out on induction factors, quantitative research and model research are few, so that a simulation prediction system for inducing seabed landslide by decomposing natural gas hydrate in a sea area is needed, and reference and guidance are provided for deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation design by monitoring and analyzing the decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate, so that the possibility of inducing seabed landslide by natural gas hydrate exploitation is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a simulation prediction system for decomposing natural gas hydrate in the sea area to induce submarine landslide, which can recognize the influence of the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate on the submarine landslide and has important significance for exploitation of the submarine natural gas hydrate, petroleum exploration, development and transportation near a hydrate reservoir and construction of submarine engineering facilities.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a simulation prediction system for sea natural gas hydrate decomposition induced seabed landslide in sea area, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for collecting sea area data;
the natural gas hydrate decomposition module monitors the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate in a submarine environment according to the data acquisition module;
and the landslide simulation module simulates the possibility of a submarine landslide according to the natural gas hydrate decomposition module.
Optionally, the data acquisition module includes: a seabed data acquisition unit and a natural gas hydrate data acquisition unit;
the submarine data unit is used for collecting submarine data;
the natural gas hydrate data acquisition unit is used for acquiring natural gas hydrate data.
Optionally, the subsea data includes: real-time data of sea water temperature, salinity, pressure, gas concentration, subsea formation samples and subsea seismic activity;
the natural gas hydrate data includes: location, reserves, and properties of natural gas hydrates.
Optionally, the natural gas hydrate decomposition module includes: the system comprises a first decomposition monitoring unit, a second monitoring decomposition unit and a decomposition coupling unit;
when the natural gas hydrate is decomposed, the first decomposition monitoring unit is used for monitoring the change of submarine data, the second decomposition monitoring unit is used for monitoring the decomposition products and the decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate, and the decomposition coupling unit is used for simulating the evolution trend of the mechanical behavior of the reservoir stratum of the natural gas hydrate in the decomposition process.
Optionally, the landslide simulation module simulates a submarine landslide according to the natural gas hydrate decomposition module comprising:
acquiring pore pressure change according to the decomposition amount generated when the natural gas hydrate is decomposed;
and judging whether the submarine landslide occurs or not based on the pore pressure change.
Optionally, the pore pressure variation is:
wherein N is the compression modulus of rock and soil, T1 is the flat temperature of natural hydrate before decomposition, T 2 To the equilibrium temperature of the natural gas hydrate after decomposition, P 2 Alpha is the porosity, G, of the hydrate after decomposition GH Is the saturation of natural gas hydrate, V GH To the initial volume before hydrate decomposition, P FGZ1 Is the pressure value of the underlying free gas under the condition of initial temperature and pressure before the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate, V FGZ Before decomposing natural gas hydrateVolume of free gas.
Optionally, the simulation prediction system further includes an early warning module, and when the decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate reaches the instability critical, the early warning module sends out early warning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
1. according to the invention, the change of pore pressure can be judged by the decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate, and the possibility of submarine landslide can be directly obtained according to the pore pressure change amount.
2. The system of the present invention is of great significance for understanding and predicting the likelihood of subsea landslide, particularly in deep sea oil and gas production, and can help engineers and policy makers to better assess and manage the associated risks.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application, illustrate and explain the application and are not to be construed as limiting the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation prediction system for sea-area natural gas hydrate decomposition induced submarine landslide according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system of computer executable instructions and, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different from that herein.
In the stratum where natural gas hydrate exists, the hydrate is decomposed into gas and water from the original solid state, and the structure and the composition of the original stratum are changed. When the hydrate exists in a solid state, sediment particles are cemented together, so that the original loose structure becomes compact, and the cohesive force and the friction angle of the stratum are enhanced: when the hydrate is decomposed, the gas generated by the decomposition of the hydrate increases the pore pressure, reduces the effective stress, greatly weakens the stress of the hydrate deposit stratum, cannot bear the ground stress of the original stratum, and is very likely to become a submarine landslide.
The embodiment provides a simulation prediction system for sea natural gas hydrate decomposition induced submarine landslide, as shown in fig. 1, specifically including:
the data acquisition module is used for collecting sea area data;
the natural gas hydrate decomposition module monitors the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate in the submarine environment according to the sea area data;
and the landslide simulation module predicts the possibility of the submarine landslide according to the natural gas hydrate decomposition module.
The simulation prediction system also comprises an early warning module, and the early warning module can send out early warning when the decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate reaches the instability critical.
For a simulation prediction system for inducing submarine landslide by decomposing natural gas hydrate, deep understanding of the nature and decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate is needed first. Natural gas hydrate is a cage-type compound formed from natural gas and water molecules under high pressure and low temperature conditions. This compound decomposes under certain conditions, releasing a large amount of methane gas and causing a landslide to occur on the sea floor. There is therefore a need to collect data relating to natural gas hydrates and data on the seafloor, including: real-time data of sea water temperature, salinity, pressure, gas concentration, subsea formation samples and subsea seismic activity; the natural gas hydrate data includes: location, reserves, and properties of natural gas hydrates.
Further, the natural gas hydrate decomposition module includes: the system comprises a first decomposition monitoring unit, a second monitoring decomposition unit and a decomposition coupling unit;
when the natural gas hydrate is decomposed, the first decomposition monitoring unit is used for monitoring the change of the seabed data, the second decomposition monitoring unit is used for monitoring the decomposition products and the decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate, and the decomposition coupling unit is used for simulating the evolution trend of the mechanical behavior of the reservoir stratum in the decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate.
When the decomposition coupling unit is used for simulating the evolution trend of the mechanical behavior of the reservoir in the decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate, firstly, a mass conservation model, an energy conservation model, a mechanical balance model and a decomposition model of the hydrate, soil particles, gas and water in the natural gas decomposition process are established, and a full coupling model is established based on the models; and then carrying out full coupling processing on the model according to the full coupling model, carrying out data solving on the full coupling result, and obtaining the evolution trend according to the solved data.
Further, the landslide simulation module simulates a subsea landslide based on the natural gas hydrate decomposition module comprising:
acquiring pore pressure change through the decomposition amount generated during the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate;
based on the pore pressure variation, it is determined whether a subsea landslide may occur.
In order to predict subsea landslide, it is necessary to develop a numerical model that can simulate the natural gas hydrate decomposition process. The model needs to consider the processes of formation, decomposition, diffusion and the like of natural gas hydrate based on a physical chemistry principle, and can simulate the uneven distribution of the bearing capacity of the submarine stratum and the influence of sudden release of gas on a submarine sediment layer. In the simulation process, parameters such as geological data, meteorological data, hydrological data and the like of the region can be input so as to realize prediction of the submarine landslide.
Suppose 1m 3 Is decomposed completely to generate 164m 3 And 0.87m 3 And the solid and water phases in the reservoir are in an incompressible state, the gas volume and pressure changes conform to boyle's law. The pore pressure generated by the decomposition of the hydrate is equivalent to the effective stress of the stratum in the calculation process, and the pore pressure change can be expressed as the formula:
wherein N is the compression modulus of rock and soil, T1 is the flat temperature of natural hydrate before decomposition, T 2 To the equilibrium temperature of the natural gas hydrate after decomposition, P 2 Alpha is the porosity, G, of the hydrate after decomposition GH Is the saturation of natural gas hydrate, V GH To the initial volume before hydrate decomposition, P FGZ1 Is the pressure value of the underlying free gas under the condition of initial temperature and pressure before the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate, V FGZ Is the volume of free gas that is available before the natural gas hydrate is decomposed.
And judging whether the slope is unstable or not to generate damage by judging whether the safety coefficient is less than 1. The safety risk is judged by adopting a safety coefficient method, so that the disaster risk faced by the working area can be intuitively and accurately estimated, and whether the side slope is unstable or not is judged to be damaged. The safety coefficient is determined by the internal friction angle of the soil body, the cohesive force of the soil body, the effective stress normal component and the effective stress shearing component.
In studying the effect of the initial decomposition amount of natural gas hydrate, assuming that the permeability of the hydrate-containing reservoir is low, the pressure inside the bottom layer is transmitted to the outside in a limited manner, and the pressure generated by the decomposition is confined in the internal space. The effective pressure and safety factor for initial natural gas hydrate decomposition levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 50%, respectively, were simulated. When the initial natural gas decomposition amount reaches 30%, a region with a safety coefficient of < 1 starts to appear, so that when the initial natural gas decomposition amount reaches 30%, a critical value of damage instability occurs for the model. With the increase of the initial natural gas hydrate decomposition amount, after the final complete decomposition, regions with safety factors less than 1 appear on the east and west sides of the slope. Two seabed landslide indicate that the stability of the seabed slope is continuously reduced along with the continuous decomposition of the natural gas hydrate, namely the larger the initial decomposition amount is, the more unstable the seabed is. When the initial hydrate decomposition amount is 10%, the maximum effective stress on the sliding surface at the hydrate top interface is 1.96MPa; as the initial hydrate decomposition amount increases to 30%, the maximum effective stress on the sliding surface decreases to 1.39MPa; finally, when the initial hydrate is completely decomposed, the maximum effective stress on the sliding surface becomes 1.22MPa. The effective stress distribution indicates that the pore pressure generated by the decomposition is offset in the vertical direction from the external load of the model itself. It can be found by analysis that as the percentage of the initial decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate increases, the pore pressure generated by the decomposition also increases continuously, so that the effective stress after the natural gas hydrate is completely decomposed is reduced, and the stability of the submarine slope is reduced.
According to the gas composition information of the research area, selecting a proper natural gas hydrate phase equilibrium curve, and performing numerical simulation on a natural gas hydrate stability bottom boundary, for example, obtaining a phase equilibrium stability curve and related parameters of pure methane hydrate through the following formulas: log (Log) 10 P bsr =aT bsr 2 +bT bsr +c
Wherein P is bsr And T bsr Pressure and temperature conditions at the stable bottom boundary of methane hydrate, respectively; a. b is an empirical constant, a= 0.000309 respectively -2 ℃,b=0.040094 -1 ℃,c=0.478626。
When the natural gas hydrate is stable, the pressure at the stable bottom boundary of the initial methane hydrate can be obtained;
when the natural gas hydrate starts to decompose, the seabed-like reflecting layer does not displace, when the decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate reaches 30%, a critical value of damage instability occurs for the model, and when the decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate exceeds 30%, the seabed-like reflecting layer moves upwards.
Sensitive parameter pre-stack inversion is carried out on submarine Liu Po deep stratum information with the water depth of 1000m in the range of 1500m in the transverse direction and 1200m in the longitudinal direction, so that the density, the longitudinal and transverse wave speed and the like of different stratum are obtained, the porosity and the water saturation of different stratum are calculated, and the effective stress of a sediment layer is obtained. The shear parameters obtained by combining stratum elastic parameters with triaxial test and the seismic section after time-depth conversion are adopted to establish a submarine Liu Po geological model by adopting Flac3D software, the sea surface is used as a zero point, and the buried depth of the hydrate in a research area is about 190-220 m, so that the method is used for subsequent mechanical analysis and disaster risk evaluation of inducing submarine landslide influence factors. With reference to the above geological conditions, the whole model was set to a size of 1500m×1500m×2200m (length×width×height), mesh division was performed in numerical simulation, and the model divided 10000 units in total. The boundary condition adopted by the numerical simulation is that the position of x=0 is restrained on x, and other directions are not restrained; constraining x at the position of x=1500, and not constraining the other directions; adopting fixed constraint in the y direction; the same positions as x at z=0 and 2200 constrain z, the other directions not; the bottom boundary of the model is fixedly constrained. Numerical simulation is carried out by using Flac3D software, and a mechanical response profile and a corresponding safety coefficient of hydrate reservoir change caused by comprehensively considering the initial hydrate decomposition amount, the hydrate decomposition total amount in the test production process and other factors are obtained.
Further, assuming that the initial natural gas hydrate decomposition amount was 0%, the change in the safety factor was calculated when the total natural gas hydrate decomposition amount in the production state reached 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%. As the exploitation proceeds, the hydrate is continuously decomposed, and when the total amount is decomposed to 40%, a destabilization area with the safety coefficient less than 1 appears, and the critical value of the model submarine landslide is reached. The larger the total amount of the natural gas hydrate decomposed by artificial exploitation or natural construction movement, which is analyzed by the integral comparison, the worse the stability of the submarine slope is caused, and the more serious the landslide hazard is. The natural gas hydrate fills the pores of the solid cementing material to increase the shearing strength of the sediment, free gas and water are continuously generated along with the decomposition of the hydrate, on one hand, the pore pressure of the stratum is increased, and on the other hand, the cementing degree of the reservoir layer is reduced, so that the shearing resistance of the hydrate reservoir layer is continuously reduced, the stability of a side slope is reduced, and the generation of landslide on the seabed is further induced.
The larger the initial natural gas hydrate decomposition amount is, the larger the initial pore pressure is, the smaller the corresponding effective stress is, and the less stable the submarine slope is. After the initial hydrate decomposition amount reaches 30%, the stable slope reaches the instability critical, and as the decomposition amount further increases, the submarine slope can slide in a large range. Under the same condition that the initial hydrate decomposition amount is 0%, along with the continuous increase of the total decomposition amount, the pore pressure accumulated in the limited space of the hydrate reservoir for generating free gas is continuously increased, meanwhile, the cementing degree of soil particles of the hydrate reservoir is reduced, the shearing resistance of the hydrate reservoir is reduced under the combined action of the hydrate reservoir and the pore pressure, the possibility of inducing submarine landslide is increased, and the slope reaches a destabilizing critical state when the total decomposition amount reaches 40%. The influence factors of the hydrate decomposition on the submarine landslide are many, and the disaster risk and the disaster degree of the submarine landslide induced by different factors are comprehensively analyzed, so that more effective guidance and assistance are provided for the prevention of the potential geological disaster of the actual trial production of the hydrate.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily conceivable by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A simulated prediction system for ocean-going natural gas hydrate decomposition-induced subsea landslide, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring sea area data;
the natural gas hydrate decomposition module monitors the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate in a submarine environment according to the data acquisition module;
and the landslide simulation module predicts the possibility of the submarine landslide according to the natural gas hydrate decomposition module.
2. A simulated prediction system for ocean going natural gas hydrate decomposition induced subsea landslide in accordance with claim 1 wherein said data acquisition module comprises: a seabed data acquisition unit and a natural gas hydrate data acquisition unit;
the submarine data acquisition unit is used for acquiring submarine data;
the natural gas hydrate data acquisition unit is used for acquiring natural gas hydrate data.
3. A simulated predictive system for ocean going natural gas hydrate decomposition induced ocean bottom landslide of claim 2 wherein said ocean bottom data comprises: real-time data of sea water temperature, salinity, pressure, gas concentration, subsea formation samples and subsea seismic activity;
the natural gas hydrate data includes: location, reserves, and properties of natural gas hydrates.
4. A simulated predictive system for ocean going natural gas hydrate decomposition induced subsea landslide as claimed in claim 3 wherein said natural gas hydrate decomposition module comprises: the system comprises a first decomposition monitoring unit, a second monitoring decomposition unit and a decomposition coupling unit;
the first decomposition monitoring unit is used for monitoring the change of the submarine data when the natural gas hydrate is decomposed;
the second monitoring and decomposing unit is used for monitoring the decomposition products and the decomposition amount of the natural gas hydrate, and the decomposition coupling unit is used for simulating the evolution trend of the reservoir mechanical behavior of the natural gas hydrate in the decomposition process.
5. A simulation prediction system for ocean floor landslide induced by gas hydrate decomposition of a sea area of claim 1 wherein the landslide simulation module simulates a sea floor landslide based on the likelihood of the gas hydrate decomposition module comprises:
acquiring pore pressure change according to the decomposition amount generated when the natural gas hydrate is decomposed;
and judging whether the submarine landslide occurs or not based on the pore pressure change.
6. A simulated predictive system for ocean going natural gas hydrate decomposition induced subsea landslide in accordance with claim 5 wherein said pore pressure variation is:
wherein N is the compression modulus of rock and soil, T1 is the flat temperature of natural hydrate before decomposition, T 2 To the equilibrium temperature of the natural gas hydrate after decomposition, P 2 Alpha is the porosity, G, of the hydrate after decomposition GH Is the saturation of natural gas hydrate, V GH To the initial volume before hydrate decomposition, P FGZ1 Is the pressure value of the underlying free gas under the condition of initial temperature and pressure before the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate, V FGZ Is the volume of free gas that is available before the natural gas hydrate is decomposed.
7. The simulated prediction system of sea natural gas hydrate decomposition-induced subsea landslide of claim 1, further comprising an early warning module that issues an early warning when the amount of natural gas hydrate decomposition reaches a threshold of instability.
CN202311579087.8A 2023-11-21 2023-11-21 Simulation prediction system for sea area natural gas hydrate decomposition induced seabed landslide Pending CN117610452A (en)

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