CN117607242A - Multi-parameter measurement method for gas-liquid two-phase flow based on time-frequency domain electromagnetic method - Google Patents

Multi-parameter measurement method for gas-liquid two-phase flow based on time-frequency domain electromagnetic method Download PDF

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CN117607242A
CN117607242A CN202311563730.8A CN202311563730A CN117607242A CN 117607242 A CN117607242 A CN 117607242A CN 202311563730 A CN202311563730 A CN 202311563730A CN 117607242 A CN117607242 A CN 117607242A
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liquid
gas
phase flow
signal
frequency domain
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谭超
闫舒婷
任尚杰
董峰
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a gas-liquid two-phase flow multiparameter measurement method based on a time-frequency domain electromagnetic method, which comprises the following steps of: establishing a frequency domain and time domain electromagnetic sensor test system of an electromagnetic coil parallel structure; calibrating system parameters of a gas-liquid two-phase flow time-frequency domain electromagnetic measurement model; generating a high-frequency sinusoidal alternating signal by using a signal generator; sending the excitation signal and the voltage signal of the detection coil into a phase detection unit to obtain a phase difference of electromagnetic response parameter signals of a gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement frequency domain; generating a low-frequency pulse excitation signal by using a signal generator, and sending a detection coil signal into a voltage detection unit to obtain a gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement time domain electromagnetic response parameter induced voltage secondary peak value; solving a time-frequency domain electromagnetic measurement model of the gas-liquid two-phase flow by adopting a Newton iteration method to obtain the liquid phase content and the electric conductivity of the gas-liquid two-phase flow.

Description

Multi-parameter measurement method for gas-liquid two-phase flow based on time-frequency domain electromagnetic method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fluid measurement, and relates to a measurement method based on an electromagnetic induction principle, which is used for non-contact measurement of phase content and conductivity of a gas-liquid two-phase flow.
Background
In deep open sea oil and gas exploitation, there is a long-distance mixed transportation process of multiphase fluid of high-mineralization produced fluid and oil and gas resource, such as liquid-solid two-phase flow composed of seawater, sand and rock debris, liquid-liquid two-phase flow composed of high-mineralization water and crude oil, gas-liquid two-phase flow composed of seawater and natural gas, etc. For gas-liquid two-phase flow
On-line monitoring of the number and its status is critical to improving the efficiency of oil and gas production.
In the process of gas-liquid two-phase flow of deep open sea oil gas exploitation, existing non-invasive testing means comprise methods such as electric conduction, capacitance, rays, ultrasonic waves, optics and the like. However, each method has some limitations, and various complex conditions in practical applications need to be considered. Conductivity is greatly affected by changes in the conductivity of the fluid. In highly mineralized fluids, the conductivity may change drastically, resulting in unstable measurements; the capacitance method can have the problem of weak measurement signals under the hypersalinity fluid, and short circuit is easy to occur, so that accuracy is influenced; the radiation method may be limited by the transparency of the medium and the transparency of the tube wall, resulting in an inefficient use in some circumstances. The ultrasonic method has the advantages of more propagation modes and sensitive parameters, but the measurement accuracy is greatly influenced by gas phase. In addition, engineering problems of long-term temperature resistance, pipe wall interference and the like of the ultrasonic wafer need to be overcome; limitations of optical methods place demands on the transparency of the medium and the transparency of the tube wall. In some cases where the fluid properties are complex, the desired measurement effect may not be achieved. The main problems of the gas-liquid two-phase flow process in deep open sea oil gas exploitation are that the hypersalinity fluid has extremely high corrosiveness, the traditional contact flowmeter has the problems of low service life, poor stability, high pressure loss and the like, and the traditional contact flowmeter is difficult to use for a long time under the conditions of underground high temperature, high pressure and limited space. Therefore, there is a need to develop new testing methods to break through these operating limitations.
The eddy current detection method is a detection method based on an electromagnetic induction principle and comprises a time domain electromagnetic method (namely a transient electromagnetic method, a pulsed eddy current method TEM) and a Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Method (FDEM), wherein the two methods respectively adopt a pulse signal and a sine alternating signal to excite and generate a primary magnetic field, and then an induced eddy current and an induced magnetic field are generated in a tested piece. The time domain electromagnetic method is suitable for observing the combined action of various frequency signals, the frequency domain electromagnetic method is used for measuring by exciting a vortex field with specific frequency, and the water phase content and the conductivity parameters can be measured simultaneously by combining the dual-mode measurement of the time domain electromagnetic method and the frequency domain electromagnetic method to obtain more comprehensive information in consideration of the complexity of the gas-liquid two-phase flow of the horizontal closed pipeline.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to obtain the liquid phase content and conductivity parameters of the gas-liquid two-phase flow of the horizontal pipeline under the condition of unknown gas-liquid two-phase flow, the invention provides a time domain and frequency domain dual-mode electromagnetic measurement method by combining the time domain and frequency domain electromagnetic detection method, and under the condition of known time domain and frequency domain electromagnetic response parameters, a Newton iteration method is adopted to solve a time-frequency domain electromagnetic measurement model of the gas-liquid two-phase flow, and the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a gas-liquid two-phase flow multiparameter measuring method based on a time-frequency domain electromagnetic method is characterized in that,
(1) Establishing a frequency domain and time domain electromagnetic sensor test system of an electromagnetic coil parallel structure;
(2) Calibrating system parameters of a gas-liquid two-phase flow time-frequency domain electromagnetic measurement model, wherein the model expression is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,for absolute detection signal phase difference, l and m are constants obtained by experimental calibration of frequency domain electromagnetic method, U s Is the constant obtained by experimental calibration of a time domain electromagnetic method, alpha, for the secondary peak value of the induced voltage, a, b, c and d w For liquid phase content, sigma w The parameters to be calibrated in the model are l, m, a, b, c and d for the water conductivity;
(3) Generating high frequency sinusoids using a signal generatorAn alternating signal, wherein the signal is used for exciting the sensor coil to generate a harmonic magnetic field under the excitation of the alternating signal, and the detection coil is used for detecting the induction eddy current and the induction magnetic field; sending the excitation signal and the voltage signal of the detection coil into a phase detection unit to obtain a phase difference of electromagnetic response parameter signals of a gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement frequency domain
(4) Generating a low-frequency pulse excitation signal by using a signal generator, exciting a sensor coil by using the signal to generate a pulse magnetic field under the excitation of the pulse signal, and detecting an induced eddy current and an induced magnetic field by using a detection coil; sending the detection coil signal into a voltage detection unit to obtain a time domain electromagnetic response parameter induced voltage secondary peak value U of gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement s
(5) At a given pointAnd U s Under the condition of (1), solving a time-frequency domain electromagnetic measurement model of the gas-liquid two-phase flow by adopting a Newton iteration method to obtain the liquid phase content alpha of the gas-liquid two-phase flow w And conductivity sigma w
Further, the solving process in the step (5) is as follows:
(a) Aqueous phase content alpha w And conductivity sigma w By x as a variable 1 、x 2 Let x= [ x ] 1 ,x 2 ] T Taking an initial point x (0) Setting the maximum algorithm iteration number as N, setting the precision requirement as epsilon and setting k=0;
(b) Find F (x) (k) ) And F' (x) (k) ) Wherein F (X) = [ F 1 (x),F 2 (x)] T Then, the first and second data are obtained,
(c) If Jacobi matrix F' (x) (k) ) Stopping calculation if the model is not singular; otherwise there is F' (x) (k) )Δx (k) =-F(x (k) ) And x is (k+1) =x (k) +Δx (k)
(d) If ||x (k+1) -x (k) Stopping calculation if epsilon is less than or equal to epsilon; if k=n stops the calculation, otherwise k=k+1, step (b) is re-performed.
The invention adopts the technical proposal, and has the following advantages:
(1) By utilizing information of time domain electromagnetic and frequency domain electromagnetic bimodal measurement, a gas-liquid two-phase flow time-frequency domain electromagnetic measurement model is established, measurement of a closed pipeline which cannot acquire liquid parameters is realized, and detection of liquid phase content can be carried out without calibrating conductivity.
(2) The Newton iteration method is adopted to solve the time-frequency domain electromagnetic method of the gas-liquid two-phase flow, and high-precision detection of the parameters of the gas-liquid two-phase flow of the horizontal pipeline can be achieved.
(3) And measuring related parameters by using a time domain electromagnetic sensor and a frequency domain electromagnetic sensor, so as to realize the measurement of the water content and the conductivity of the gas-liquid two-phase flow. The method is simple to operate and low in cost, and can realize online measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device for detecting a gas-liquid two-phase flow of a pipeline based on an electromagnetic coil parallel structure by a time domain electromagnetic method;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a device for detecting a gas-liquid two-phase flow of a pipeline based on an electromagnetic coil parallel structure by a frequency domain electromagnetic method;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a two-phase flow of gas and liquid in a pipeline based on a parallel structure of electromagnetic coils in the invention;
FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a gas-liquid two-phase flow of a pipeline based on a parallel structure of electromagnetic coils according to the invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement model of the time-frequency domain electromagnetic method solved by the sampling newton iteration method.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a gas-liquid based on a time-frequency domain electromagnetic methodA two-phase flow multiparameter measuring method. Based on theoretical models for measuring gas-liquid two-phase flow by a frequency domain electromagnetic method and a time domain electromagnetic method, the gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring model of the time domain electromagnetic method is obtained through experimental calibration. The frequency domain electromagnetic method and the time domain electromagnetic method are used for respectively applying a sinusoidal alternating signal and a pulse excitation signal to the excitation coil to obtain a signal phase difference of electromagnetic response parameter measured by gas-liquid two-phase flow under the frequency domain and the time domainAnd a secondary peak value U of the induced voltage s . In the known +.>And U s Under the condition of (1), solving a gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement model of a time-frequency domain electromagnetic method by adopting a Newton iteration method to obtain the liquid phase content alpha of the gas-liquid two-phase flow w And conductivity sigma w
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The invention comprises the following steps:
fig. 1 and fig. 2 are diagrams showing a frequency domain and time domain electromagnetic sensor test system according to the present invention, which includes a signal generating unit, an exciting unit, a power amplifying unit, a coil, a detecting unit and a data processing unit.
Fig. 3 and 4 are front view and side view of a gas-liquid two-phase flow of a horizontal pipeline wound by an electromagnetic coil parallel structure in the measuring method of the invention. The electromagnetic sensor consists of electromagnetic coils, and comprises an exciting electromagnetic coil and a receiving electromagnetic coil, wherein the two coils are wound on the outer wall of the pipeline in parallel, the exciting coil is arranged on the left side, and the receiving coil is arranged on the right side. The number of turns of the two coils is 10-40 turns, and the wire diameter is 0.1-0.5 mm.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement model of the time-frequency domain electromagnetic method solved by the sampling Newton iteration method, after N iterations, when the measurement accuracy is smaller than epsilon, the phase content alpha of the solved value is output w And conductivity sigma w Otherwise, outputting an iteration failure mark.
The method for detecting the two-phase flow multiparameter by using the time domain and frequency domain electromagnetic method is specifically described below.
Step one:
(1) The electromagnetic sensor exciting coil A is excited by a sine alternating exciting signal to generate a harmonic magnetic field, then an induced eddy current and an induced magnetic field (namely a secondary magnetic field) are generated around a conductor, and a detection signal is generated in the detection coil B under the influence of the induced magnetic field.
The detection signal mode can be divided into detection signal amplitude and phase, and the detection signal amplitude can be expressed as:
ΔU=U 1 -U 0 (1)
in U 1 The induction voltage on the detection coil when the horizontal pipeline contains liquid is detected by a frequency domain electromagnetic method, namely the induction voltage generated on the detection coil after the excitation magnetic field and the induction magnetic field are overlapped; u (U) 0 The induction voltage generated on the detection coil when the detected space is air, namely the induction voltage generated on the detection coil by the main magnetic field generated by the excitation coil; Δu is the induced voltage of the eddy current magnetic field generated in the detection coil.
Because the conductivity of the gas-liquid two-phase flow of the horizontal pipeline is relatively low, the eddy magnetic field is far smaller than the excitation magnetic field, thus DeltaU is less than U 0 Phase of detection signal generated by gas-liquid two-phase flow object of horizontal pipelineCan be expressed as:
formula (3)Relationship with the conductivity of the measured object:
wherein R and Q are geometric constants related to coil arrangement, and ω is angular frequency;μ 0 is vacuum magnetic permeability; epsilon 0 For vacuum dielectric constant, ε r For the mixed-medium relative permittivity, σ is the mixed-medium conductivity and i is the imaginary unit.
Substituting (3) into (2) to obtain
Under the gas-liquid phase separation model, the mixed conductivity sigma of the gas-liquid two-phase flow can be expressed as
Substituting (5) into (4) to obtain
The formula (6) is a theoretical model of the relationship between the phase difference of the voltage signals and the liquid phase content and the conductivity of the gas-liquid two-phase flow of the horizontal pipe under the frequency domain electromagnetic method.
(2) And solving a frequency domain solution of the non-axisymmetric vortex field under the excitation of the coils which are placed outside the pipeline in parallel by utilizing the second-order vector position and the Lorentz reciprocity theorem. After the inverse Laplace transformation is solved, the time domain analysis of the induced voltage at the two ends of the detection coil under the excitation of the pulse current is obtained as follows
Where i (t)' is the derivative of the falling edge of the excitation current with respect to time, μ 0 Vacuum permeability, mu is permeability, C du (lambda, m) is the excitation coil coefficient, C pu (-lambda, -m) is the sense coil coefficient,to correct the derivative of the bessel function.
Because σ=f (σ w ,α w ) Substituted into formula (7) to obtain
The formula (8) is a theoretical model of the relationship between the phase difference of the voltage signals and the liquid phase content and the conductivity of the gas-liquid two-phase flow of the horizontal pipe under the frequency domain electromagnetic method.
Obtaining parameters in a measurement model by an experimental calibration method
Wherein l and m are constants obtained by experimental calibration of a frequency domain electromagnetic method, U s And a, b, c and d are constants obtained by experimental calibration of a time domain electromagnetic method for the secondary peak value of the induced voltage.
Step two: acquiring electromagnetic response parameter signal phase difference of gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement by a frequency domain electromagnetic method and a time domain electromagnetic methodAnd a secondary peak value U of the induced voltage s
The gas-liquid two-phase flow of the horizontal pipeline is detected by a frequency domain electromagnetic method, an exciting coil A and a receiving coil B are wound outside the pipeline in parallel, a sine alternating signal with the frequency of 1MHz and the amplitude of 5V is output by a signal generating device, the exciting coil A is excited by the alternating signal to generate a harmonic magnetic field, and then induced eddy current and an induced magnetic field are generated around a tested piece. Under the influence of the induced magnetic field, induced voltage signals are generated at the two ends of the detection coil B, and the excitation signals and the signals at the two ends of the detection coil are input into the phase detection unit together to obtain the phase difference between the excitation signals and the detection signals under unknown gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters
Detecting gas-liquid two-phase flow of horizontal pipeline by time domain electromagnetic method, outputting frequency by signal generatorThe pulse excitation signal with the rate of 1KHz, the amplitude of 5V and the duty ratio of 10 percent is generated by the excitation of the excitation coil A by the pulse signal, thereby generating induced eddy current and induced magnetic field around the gas-liquid two-phase flow of the pipeline, generating induced voltage signal in the detection coil B, and obtaining the amplitude U of the secondary rising of the induced voltage at the moment t s
Step three: at a given pointAnd U s Under the condition of (2), solving the formula (9) by adopting Newton iteration method to obtain the liquid phase content alpha of the gas-liquid two-phase flow w And conductivity sigma w
Step three comprises the following steps:
changing the nonlinear equation set (9) to the following form:
wherein the water phase content alpha w And conductivity sigma w Can be represented by x as a variable 1 、x 2 Representation, i.e.
Taking the initial point x (0) Setting the maximum algorithm iteration number as N, setting the precision requirement as epsilon and setting k=0;
find F (x) (k) ) And F' (x) (k) ) Wherein F (X) = [ F 1 (x),F 2 (x)] T ,x=[x 1 ,x 2 ] T Then
Obtaining the formula (13) after performing deviation calculation
If Jacobi matrix F' (x) (k) ) Stopping calculation if the model is not singular; otherwise there is x (k+1) =x (k) +Δx (k) And F' (x (k) )Δx (k) =-F(x (k) ) I.e.
If ||x (k+1) -x (k) II is less than or equal to epsilon, i.e
Stopping the calculation;
if k=n stops the calculation, otherwise k=k+1, re-executing the second step;
and solving a nonlinear equation set of the water phase content and the conductivity of the gas-liquid two-phase flow of the horizontal pipeline under the time domain and frequency domain electromagnetic conditions by using a Newton iteration method, and hopefully solving the water phase content and the conductivity simultaneously under the closed pipeline incapable of acquiring the liquid parameters, thereby realizing the joint solution of the time domain and frequency domain electromagnetic method.

Claims (2)

1. A gas-liquid two-phase flow multiparameter measuring method based on a time-frequency domain electromagnetic method is characterized in that,
(1) Establishing a frequency domain and time domain electromagnetic sensor test system of an electromagnetic coil parallel structure;
(2) Calibrating system parameters of a gas-liquid two-phase flow time-frequency domain electromagnetic measurement model, wherein the model expression is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,for absolute detection signal phase difference, l and m are constants obtained by experimental calibration of frequency domain electromagnetic method, U s Is the constant obtained by experimental calibration of a time domain electromagnetic method, alpha, for the secondary peak value of the induced voltage, a, b, c and d w For liquid phase content, sigma w The parameters to be calibrated in the model are l, m, a, b, c and d for the water conductivity;
(3) Generating a high-frequency sinusoidal alternating signal by using a signal generator, exciting a sensor coil by using the signal to generate a harmonic magnetic field under the excitation of the alternating signal, and detecting an induced eddy current and an induced magnetic field by using a detection coil; sending the excitation signal and the voltage signal of the detection coil into a phase detection unit to obtain a phase difference of electromagnetic response parameter signals of a gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement frequency domain
(4) Generating a low-frequency pulse excitation signal by using a signal generator, exciting a sensor coil by using the signal to generate a pulse magnetic field under the excitation of the pulse signal, and detecting an induced eddy current and an induced magnetic field by using a detection coil; sending the detection coil signal into a voltage detection unit to obtain a time domain electromagnetic response parameter induced voltage secondary peak value U of gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement s
(5) At a given pointAnd U s Under the condition of (1), solving a time-frequency domain electromagnetic measurement model of the gas-liquid two-phase flow by adopting a Newton iteration method to obtain the liquid phase content alpha of the gas-liquid two-phase flow w And conductivity sigma w
2. The gas-liquid two-phase flow multiparameter measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the solving process of step (5) is as follows:
(a) Aqueous phaseContent alpha w And conductivity sigma w By x as a variable 1 、x 2 Let x= [ x ] 1 ,x 2 ] T Taking an initial point x (0) Setting the maximum algorithm iteration number as N, setting the precision requirement as epsilon and setting k=0;
(b) Find F (x) (k) ) And F' (x) (k) ) Wherein F (X) = [ F 1 (x),F 2 (x)] T Then, the first and second data are obtained,
(c) If Jacobi matrix F' (x (k) ) Stopping calculation if the model is not singular; otherwise there is F' (x) (k) )Δx (k) =-F(x (k) ) And x is (k+1) =x (k) +Δx (k)
(d) If | I x (k+1) -x (k) Stopping calculation if epsilon is less than or equal to epsilon; if k=n stops the calculation, otherwise k=k+1, step (b) is re-performed.
CN202311563730.8A 2023-11-22 2023-11-22 Multi-parameter measurement method for gas-liquid two-phase flow based on time-frequency domain electromagnetic method Pending CN117607242A (en)

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