CN117604766B - High water-collecting material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High water-collecting material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 240
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-aminothiourea Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=S)NN)C3 XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000252506 Characiformes Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000003897 fog Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920004933 Terylene® Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- XDDONKZZCLQHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;2-methoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCO.COCCO XDDONKZZCLQHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003665 fog water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
- D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/06—Inorganic compounds or elements
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/08—Organic compounds
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/44—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table; Zincates; Cadmates
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with hydrogen peroxide or peroxides of metals; with persulfuric, permanganic, pernitric, percarbonic acids or their salts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
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- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/32—Polyesters
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- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a high water-collecting material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of interface chemistry. The high water-collecting material comprises a substrate and a first modification layer arranged on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the first modification layer comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure; the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.1-5 mu m, the height is 1-20 mu m, the aspect ratio is 6-13, and the contact angle of the high water collecting material is 60-70 degrees; the micro-nanocrystals comprise zinc oxide crystals; the substrate comprises a woven material. The high water collecting material can effectively capture fog, has higher water collecting efficiency, can realize large-scale water collection, and is used for collecting fog in agricultural irrigation systems, industrial cooling towers and water-deficient areas.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of interface chemistry, in particular to a high water-collecting material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, a hydrophilic material is mainly adopted for collecting fog water, and the hydrophilic material has a large affinity to water and can attract water molecules so as to achieve the purpose of water collection. However, when the hydrophilic material is used for collecting fog, fog drops can easily cover and adhere to the surface of the hydrophilic material to form a water film, further fog capture and subsequent water drop transportation and collection processes are hindered, and the water collection efficiency is greatly reduced. However, the water film problem can be alleviated by replacing the hydrophilic material with the hydrophobic material, but the mist capturing capability of the hydrophobic material is poor, so that the water is difficult to effectively capture from the environment in the environment with lower humidity.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application aims at providing a high water-collecting material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high water-collecting material can effectively catch fog and has higher water-collecting efficiency.
According to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a high water-collecting material, the high water-collecting material comprising a substrate and a first modification layer disposed on a first side of the substrate, the first modification layer comprising a first micro-nano crystal array structure;
the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.1-5 mu m, the height is 1-20 mu m, the aspect ratio is 6-13, and the contact angle of the high water collecting material is 60-70 degrees;
the micro-nanocrystals comprise zinc oxide crystals;
the substrate comprises a woven material.
The contact angle is a water contact angle.
In some embodiments of the present application, when the contact angle of the substrate is greater than a preset angle, the micro-nano crystal has a width of 150-300nm and a height of 2.0-3.0 μm;
when the contact angle of the substrate is smaller than a preset angle, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-3 mu m, and the height of the micro-nano crystal is 9.0-15.0 mu m;
the predetermined angle is selected from 62 ° -67 °.
In some embodiments of the present application, the substrate comprises at least one of a polyester material, an inorganic fiber material, a metal material.
In some embodiments of the present application, the high water-collecting material further comprises a second finishing layer disposed on a second side of the substrate, the second side comprising any one surface or more surfaces of the substrate other than the first side;
the second modification layer comprises a second micro-nano crystal array structure.
According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for preparing a high water collection material, comprising:
immersing the first side of the substrate in a seed agent to form a first seed layer on the first side of the substrate;
immersing the first seed crystal layer of the substrate in a growth solution, and growing the first seed crystal layer of the substrate to form the first modification layer, wherein the first modification layer comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure.
In some embodiments of the present application, the micro-nanocrystals have a width of 150-300nm and a height of 2.0-3.0 μm,
the seed crystal agent comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 6-9g/L of zinc acetate and 3-5g/L of sodium hydroxide, wherein the solvent is methanol;
the growth solution comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 6.2-7.8g/L of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 3-3.5g/L of hexamethylenetetramine and water as solvent;
when the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-3 mu m and the height is 9.0-15.0 mu m,
The seed crystal agent comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 160-220g/L of zinc acetate and 30-50g/L of ethanolamine, wherein the solvent is a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether with a volume ratio of 5 (5-6);
the growth solution comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 50-60g/L of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 15-20g/L of hexamethylenetetramine and water as a solvent.
In some embodiments of the present application, when the width of the micro-nano crystal is 150-300nm and the height is 2.0-3.0 μm, the conditions for forming the first modification layer include:
carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 5-7h at the temperature of 85-95 ℃;
when the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-3 mu m and the height is 9.0-15.0 mu m, the conditions for forming the first modification layer comprise:
and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 7-12h at the temperature of 85-95 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present application, immersing the first side of the substrate in a seeding agent to form a first seed layer on the first side of the substrate comprises:
immersing a first side of the substrate in a seed crystal agent to obtain a first intermediate;
the first intermediate is subjected to a first preset temperature to obtain a second intermediate;
forming the first seed layer on the first surface of the substrate by using the second intermediate at a second preset temperature;
The first preset temperature is 40-70 ℃;
the second preset temperature is 150-400 ℃, and the second preset temperature is lower than the glass transition temperature or the melting point of the substrate.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first side of the substrate is immersed in a seeding agent to form a first seed layer on the first side of the substrate, and the method further comprises: pretreating the surface of the substrate;
when the substrate is a polyester material, the pretreatment of the surface of the substrate comprises:
soaking and cleaning the substrate in petroleum ether and ethyl acetate respectively, and then soaking the substrate in sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a pretreated substrate;
when the substrate is an inorganic fiber material, the pretreatment of the substrate surface includes:
soaking and cleaning the substrate in acetone, and then soaking the substrate in a piranha solution to obtain a pretreated substrate;
when the substrate is a metal material, the pretreatment of the surface of the substrate comprises:
and (3) polishing and cleaning the substrate, and then performing plasma etching to obtain a pretreated substrate.
In some embodiments of the present application, the preparation method further includes:
Immersing the second side of the substrate in the seed agent to form a second seed layer on the second side of the substrate;
immersing the second seed crystal layer of the substrate into the growth solution, and growing the second seed crystal layer of the substrate to form a second modification layer, wherein the second modification layer comprises a second micro-nano crystal array structure.
The technical scheme that this application provided can include following beneficial effect: according to the water collecting device, the first modification layer is arranged on the first surface of the base material, the first micro-nano crystal array structure of the first modification layer is utilized to accelerate mist capturing and water drop transportation and collection efficiency, and the water collecting capacity of the water collecting material is remarkably improved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a layer structure of a high water collecting material according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2 is an electron microscope image showing a first micro-nano crystal array structure of a smaller size according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 3 is an electron microscope image showing a larger-sized first micro-nano crystal array structure according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of preparing a high water collection material according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method of preparing a first seed layer in a high water collection material according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of preparing a high water collection material according to an exemplary embodiment.
Reference numerals
1. A substrate; 11. a first face; 12. a second face; 2. a first finishing layer; 3. and a second finishing layer.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined with each other.
The application provides a high water collecting material, which comprises a substrate and a first modification layer arranged on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the first modification layer comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure, the surface of the substrate is modified by the first micro-nano crystal array structure, the specific surface area of the substrate can be increased, the surface roughness of the substrate is changed, the size of the micro-nano crystal is adjusted and designed, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.1-5 mu m, the height is 1-20 mu m, the height-width ratio is 6-13, and the contact angle of the water collecting material is controlled to be 60-70 degrees; the water collecting material can efficiently catch fog and simultaneously prevent the formation of a water film, and solves the problem that the hydrophilic material and the hydrophobic material are difficult to collect water, thereby greatly improving the water collecting efficiency of the material.
In an exemplary embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a high water-collecting material comprising a substrate 1 and a first modification layer 2 disposed on a first side 11 of the substrate 1, the first modification layer 2 comprising a first micro-nano crystal array structure; the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.1-5 mu m, the height is 1-20 mu m, the aspect ratio is 6-13, and the contact angle of the high water collecting material is 60-70 degrees; the micro-nanocrystals comprise zinc oxide crystals; the substrate comprises a woven material.
In this embodiment, the surface of the substrate 1 is modified by the first modification layer 2 disposed on the surface of the substrate 1, so that the specific surface area of the substrate 1 can be increased, the surface roughness of the substrate 1 is changed, the size of the micro-nanocrystals is adjusted to be 0.1-5 μm in width, 1-20 μm in height and 6-13 in aspect ratio, and the contact angle of the water collecting material is controlled to be 60-70 °; the water collecting material can efficiently catch fog and simultaneously prevent the formation of a water film, and solves the problem that the hydrophilic material and the hydrophobic material are difficult to collect water, thereby greatly improving the water collecting efficiency of the material.
In an exemplary embodiment, when the contact angle of the substrate 1 is greater than a predetermined angle, the micro-nanocrystals have a width of 150 to 300nm and a height of 2.0 to 3.0 μm; when the contact angle of the substrate 1 is smaller than the preset angle, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-3 μm, and the height is 9.0-15.0 μm.
The contact angle refers to the included angle between the solid-liquid interface and the gas-liquid interface from the inside of the liquid at the junction of the solid phase, the liquid phase and the gas phase, and is also called as a wetting angle, and can be used for representing the wettability of the liquid on the material. When the materials of the substrates are different, the contact angles of the substrates often have larger differences. In general, the contact angle of a material is reduced, and the better the wettability of the material is, the better the hydrophilic performance is; the larger the contact angle of the material is, the worse the wettability is, and the material has better hydrophobic performance.
In this embodiment, the size of the micro-nano crystal needs to be adaptively adjusted according to the contact angle of the substrate 1 itself, so as to obtain higher water collection efficiency. When the contact angle of the substrate 1 is larger than the preset angle, the substrate 1 is made of a relatively hydrophobic material (the contact angle is larger), the width of the micro-nano crystal is 150-300nm, the height of the micro-nano crystal is 2.0-3.0 μm, and the water collection efficiency of the micro-nano crystal with smaller size is higher. When the contact angle of the substrate 1 is smaller than the preset angle, the substrate 1 is made of a more hydrophilic material (the contact angle is smaller), and at the moment, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-3 μm, the height of the micro-nano crystal is 9.0-15.0 μm, and the water collection efficiency of the micro-nano crystal with larger size is higher.
For example, FIG. 2 shows an electron microscope image of a first micro-nanocrystal array structure of smaller size (micro-nanocrystals 150-300nm wide and 2.0-3.0 μm high); FIG. 3 shows an electron microscope image of a first micro-nanocrystal array structure of a larger size (micro-nanocrystals having a width of 0.9-3 μm and a height of 9.0-15.0 μm).
Wherein the preset angle may be 62 ° -67 °. For example, the preset angle may be 62 °, 65 °, or 67 °.
Illustratively, when the contact angle of the substrate 1 is greater than 65 °, the micro-nanocrystals have a width of 150-300nm and a height of 2.0-3.0 μm; when the contact angle of the substrate 1 is smaller than 65 degrees, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-3 μm, and the height is 9.0-15.0 μm.
In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 1 comprises a woven material. For example, the base material 1 may be a polyester fiber woven material, a carbon fiber woven material, or a metal fiber woven material.
In this embodiment, the base material 1 includes a woven material, and the woven material may be a double-sided material woven with XY axes or a three-dimensional material woven with XYZ axes. The first modification layer 2 is matched with the multi-cross structural unit of the woven material, so that the defect that the conventional hydrophilic material prevents further water collection due to fog retention is avoided, and liquid drops can be collected and transported on the water collection material at a higher speed.
In this embodiment, the weaving density of the woven material is not particularly limited, and a three-dimensional mesh woven water collecting material commonly used at present may be selected.
It will be appreciated that the substrate 1 is not limited to a three-dimensional mesh woven structure, but may be a nonwoven structure such as a film, sheet, or the like.
The material of the substrate 1 is not particularly limited in this embodiment, and the substrate 1 includes, but is not limited to, various types of terylene, nylon, carbon fiber precursors, carbon fibers, glass fibers, copper wires, iron wires, aluminum wires, and the like. For example, the substrate 1 may be a carbon fiber woven mesh, a polyester woven mesh, or a copper wire woven mesh.
Illustratively, in one embodiment, a high water-collecting material includes a substrate 1 and a first modification layer 2 disposed on a first side 11 of the substrate 1, the first modification layer 2 including a first micro-nano-crystal array structure; the base material 1 is terylene woven net, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 150-300nm, the height is 2.0-3.0 mu m, the aspect ratio is 6-13, and the contact angle of the high water collecting material is 60-70 degrees.
In one embodiment, a high water-collecting material includes a substrate 1 and a first modification layer 2 disposed on a first surface 11 of the substrate 1, where the first modification layer 2 includes a first micro-nano crystal array structure; the base material 1 is a carbon fiber woven net, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 150-300nm, the height is 2.0-3.0 mu m, the aspect ratio is 6-13, and the contact angle of the high water collecting material is 60-70 degrees.
In one embodiment, a high water-collecting material includes a substrate 1 and a first modification layer 2 disposed on a first surface 11 of the substrate 1, where the first modification layer 2 includes a first micro-nano crystal array structure; the base material 1 is a copper wire woven net, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-3 mu m, the height is 9.0-15.0 mu m, the aspect ratio is 6-13, and the contact angle of the high water collecting material is 60-70 degrees.
In an exemplary embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a high water-collecting material comprising a substrate 1 and a first finishing layer 2 disposed on a first side 11 of the substrate 1 and a second finishing layer 3 disposed on a second side 12 of the substrate 1, the second side 12 comprising any one or more surfaces of the substrate 1 except the first side 11; the first modification layer 2 comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure, wherein the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.1-5 mu m, the height of the micro-nano crystal is 1-20 mu m, the aspect ratio of the micro-nano crystal is 6-13, and the contact angle of the high water collecting material is 60-70 degrees; the second modification layer 3 includes a second micro-nanocrystal array structure.
In order to obtain a better water collecting effect, a decorative layer may be provided on a plurality of surfaces of the substrate 1. For example, as shown in fig. 1, the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 may be an upper surface of the substrate 1, the second surface 12 of the substrate 1 may be a lower surface of the substrate 1, and then the first modification layer 2 is disposed on the upper surface of the substrate 1, and the second modification layer 3 is disposed on the lower surface of the substrate 1. By the arrangement, the upper surface and the lower surface of the base material 1 can have good water collecting effect.
It will be appreciated that when the substrate 1 is of a flat structure, such as a film or sheet, and the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate 1 are provided with a finishing layer, a good water collecting effect can be obtained on the substrate 1 as a whole. When the substrate 1 is in a three-dimensional structure, for example, a three-dimensional network structure, a modification layer may be disposed on each outer surface of the substrate 1, so as to obtain a better water collecting effect.
It should be noted that, for convenience of processing, the second micro-nanocrystal array structure may be the same as the first micro-nanocrystal array structure. Of course, it is understood that the second micro-nanocrystal array structure may also be different from the first micro-nanocrystal array structure if other properties are to be obtained, such as antimicrobial properties, anti-aging properties, etc.
In an exemplary embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the present application provides a method for preparing a high water collection material, comprising:
s110, immersing the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 in a seed crystal agent under a first preset condition to form a first seed crystal layer on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1.
In step S110, a first seed layer is formed on the first side 11 of the substrate 1 by a seed agent, which may facilitate the growth of subsequent micro-nanocrystals.
S120, immersing the first seed crystal layer of the substrate 1 into a growth solution under a second preset condition, so that the first seed crystal layer of the substrate 1 grows to form a first modification layer 2, wherein the first modification layer 2 comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure.
In step S120, the first seed layer may be grown to form the first modification layer 2 by the growth solution, thereby obtaining a water collecting material having a high water collecting effect.
In order to obtain micro-nanocrystals of different sizes, adjustments to the formulation of the seeding agent and the formulation of the growth solution are required.
In an exemplary embodiment, the seeding agent comprises the following raw materials in mass volume content when the micro-nanocrystals have a width of 150-300nm and a height of 2.0-3.0 μm: 6-9g/L of zinc acetate and 3-5g/L of sodium hydroxide, wherein the solvent is methanol; the growth solution comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 6.2-7.8g/L of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 3-3.5g/L of hexamethylenetetramine and water as solvent.
The seed crystal agent can be prepared by the following method: dissolving zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide in 160-220mL of methanol to make zinc acetate content 6-9g/L and sodium hydroxide content 3-5g/L, stirring at 55-70deg.C for 30-40min, adding 80-110mL of methanol, and stirring at normal temperature for 40-50min.
Illustratively, in one embodiment, the seeding agent is formulated by the following method: zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide were dissolved in 160mL of methanol so that the zinc acetate content was 6g/L and the sodium hydroxide content was 3g/L, and stirred at 55 ℃ for 30min, then 80mL of methanol was added thereto, and further stirred at room temperature for 40min.
In one embodiment, the seeding agent is formulated as follows: zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide were dissolved in 200mL of methanol to give a zinc acetate content of 7.5g/L and a sodium hydroxide content of 4g/L, and stirred at 60℃for 35 minutes, then 100mL of methanol was added thereto, and further stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes.
In one embodiment, the seeding agent is formulated as follows: zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide were dissolved in 220mL of methanol so that the zinc acetate content was 9g/L and the sodium hydroxide content was 5g/L, and stirred at 70 ℃ for 40min, then 110mL of methanol was added thereto, and stirred at room temperature for 50min.
The growth solution can be prepared by the following method: dissolving zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine in 200-2000mL of deionized water, and stirring for 1-2min, wherein the content of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is 6.2-7.8g/L, and the content of hexamethylenetetramine is 3-3.5g/L.
Illustratively, in one embodiment, the growth solution is formulated as follows: zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine are dissolved in 200mL of deionized water and stirred for 1min, wherein the content of the zinc nitrate hexahydrate is 6.2g/L and the content of the hexamethylenetetramine is 3g/L.
In one embodiment, the growth solution is formulated as follows: zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine were dissolved in 1000mL of deionized water and stirred for 1.5 minutes, wherein the content of zinc nitrate hexahydrate was 7.0g/L and the content of hexamethylenetetramine was 3.2g/L.
In one embodiment, the growth solution is formulated as follows: zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine were dissolved in 2000mL of deionized water and stirred for 2 minutes, wherein the content of zinc nitrate hexahydrate was 7.8g/L and the content of hexamethylenetetramine was 3.5g/L.
In an exemplary embodiment, the seeding agent comprises the following materials in mass volume content with a width of 0.9-3 μm and a height of 9.0-15.0 μm: 160-220g/L of zinc acetate and 30-50g/L of ethanolamine, wherein the solvent is a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether with a volume ratio of 5 (5-6); the growth solution comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 50-60g/L of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 15-20g/L of hexamethylenetetramine and water as a solvent.
The seed crystal agent is prepared by the following method: adding zinc acetate and ethanolamine into a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether with the volume ratio of 5 (5-6), and stirring for 40-60min at normal temperature; wherein, the zinc acetate content is 160-220g/L, and the ethanolamine content is 30-50g/L.
Illustratively, in one embodiment, the seeding agent is formulated by the following method: zinc acetate and ethanolamine are added into a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether with the volume ratio of 5:5, and the mixture is stirred for 40 minutes at normal temperature; wherein, the zinc acetate content is 160g/L, and the ethanolamine content is 30g/L.
In one embodiment, the seeding agent is formulated as follows: zinc acetate and ethanolamine are added into a mixed solution of glycol-glycol monomethyl ether with the volume ratio of 5:5.5, and the mixture is stirred for 50 minutes at normal temperature; wherein, the zinc acetate content is 190g/L, and the ethanolamine content is 40g/L.
In one embodiment, the seeding agent is formulated as follows: zinc acetate and ethanolamine are added into a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether with the volume ratio of 5:6, and the mixture is stirred for 60 minutes at normal temperature; wherein, the zinc acetate content is 220g/L, and the ethanolamine content is 50g/L.
The growth solution is prepared by the following method: dissolving zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine in 200-2000mL of deionized water, and stirring for 1-2min, wherein the content of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is 50-60g/L, and the content of hexamethylenetetramine is 15-20g/L.
Illustratively, in one embodiment, the growth solution is formulated as follows: zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine were dissolved in 200mL of deionized water and stirred for 1min, wherein the zinc nitrate hexahydrate content was 50g/L and the hexamethylenetetramine content was 15g/L.
In one embodiment, the growth solution is formulated as follows: zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine were dissolved in 1000mL of deionized water and stirred for 1.5 minutes, wherein the zinc nitrate hexahydrate content was 55g/L and the hexamethylenetetramine content was 18g/L.
In one embodiment, the growth solution is formulated as follows: zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine were dissolved in 2000mL of deionized water and stirred for 2 minutes, wherein the zinc nitrate hexahydrate content was 60g/L and the hexamethylenetetramine content was 20g/L.
In an exemplary embodiment, a further description of step S120 in the above embodiment is provided. When the width of the micro-nano crystal is 150-300nm and the height is 2.0-3.0 mu m, the second preset condition comprises: and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 5-7h at the temperature of 85-95 ℃.
Illustratively, the first seed layer of the substrate 1 is immersed in a growth solution, and is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 85-95 ℃ for 5-7 hours, so that the first seed layer of the substrate 1 grows to form a first modification layer 2, wherein the first modification layer 2 comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure, and the micro-nano crystals have a width of 150-300nm and a height of 2.0-3.0 μm. For example, hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 85 ℃ for 7h; alternatively, the reaction is carried out for 6 hours under the temperature of 90 ℃; alternatively, the reaction is hydrothermal at a temperature of 95℃for 5h.
In an exemplary embodiment, the second preset condition includes that the micro-nanocrystals have a width of 0.9-3 μm and a height of 9.0-15.0 μm: and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 7-12h at the temperature of 85-95 ℃.
Illustratively, the first seed layer of the substrate 1 is immersed in a growth solution, and is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 85-95 ℃ for 7-12 hours, so that the first seed layer of the substrate 1 grows to form a first modification layer 2, wherein the first modification layer 2 comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure, and the micro-nano crystals have a width of 0.9-3 μm and a height of 9.0-15.0 μm. For example, hydrothermal reaction at a temperature of 85 ℃ for 12 hours; alternatively, the reaction is carried out for 10 hours under the temperature of 90 ℃; alternatively, the reaction is hydrothermal at a temperature of 95℃for 7h.
In an exemplary embodiment, a further description of step S110 in the above embodiment is provided. Referring to fig. 5, in this embodiment, immersing the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 in the seed agent under the first preset condition to form the first seed layer on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 includes:
s111, immersing the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 in a seed crystal agent, and maintaining for a first preset time period under a preset pressure to obtain a first intermediate.
In step S111, by applying pressure to the base material 1, the formation efficiency of the first seed layer can be improved.
Illustratively, the preset pressure is 1-5kg/cm 2 The first preset time period is 10-20min. For example, the preset pressure is 1kg/cm 2 The first preset time is 10min; alternatively, the preset pressure is 3kg/cm 2 The first preset time length is 15min; alternatively, the preset pressure is 5kg/cm 2 The first preset time period is 20 minutes.
And S112, maintaining the first intermediate at the first preset temperature for a second preset time period to obtain a second intermediate.
In step S112, the first intermediate is dried at a first preset temperature to remove the solvent on the surface of the substrate 1.
Illustratively, the first preset temperature is 40-70 ℃ and the second preset time period may be 30-90min. For example, the first preset temperature is 40 ℃, and the second preset time period is 90min; or the first preset temperature is 60 ℃, and the second preset time is 60min; or the first preset temperature is 70 ℃, and the second preset time period is 30min.
In order to improve the quality of the first seed layer, the above operation may be repeated 3 to 5 times, i.e. immersing the first side 11 of the substrate 1 in the seed agent, drying, and then repeating the immersing and drying 3 to 5 times.
S113, maintaining the second intermediate at the second preset temperature for a third preset period of time to form a first seed layer on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1.
In step S113, the second preset temperature and the third preset time period need to be determined according to the properties of the substrate 1 itself. Wherein the second preset temperature is 150-400 ℃, and the second preset temperature is lower than the glass transition temperature or the melting point of the substrate 1. For example, the second preset temperature is 150 ℃, 250 ℃, or 400 ℃.
In order to improve the bonding force between the first modification layer 2 and the substrate 1, the preparation method of the present embodiment further includes pre-treating the surface of the substrate 1 to remove the greasy dirt on the surface of the substrate 1, so that the chemical property of the surface of the substrate 1 is active (activated) to facilitate modification, before the step S110 of the above embodiment, that is, before the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 forms the first seed layer. The pretreatment method is different depending on the material of the substrate 1.
In an exemplary embodiment, when the substrate 1 is a polyester material, the pre-treating the surface of the substrate 1 includes:
and respectively soaking and cleaning the substrate 1 in petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, and then placing the substrate 1 in a sodium hydroxide solution, heating to a third preset temperature, and keeping for a fourth preset time period to obtain the pretreated substrate. The polyester material may be, for example, polyester.
Illustratively, the polyester substrate is soaked in petroleum ether for 10-15 minutes and then soaked in ethyl acetate for 5-10 minutes. And then washing the polyester substrate with ethanol and deionized water in sequence, and drying the polyester substrate. And (3) placing the dried polyester substrate in 15-50g/L sodium hydroxide solution, and heating at 80-95 ℃ for 30-50min to obtain the pretreated substrate.
For example, the polyester substrate is soaked in petroleum ether for 10min and then soaked in ethyl acetate for 5min. And then washing the polyester substrate with ethanol and deionized water in sequence, and drying the polyester substrate. And (3) placing the dried polyester substrate in 15g/L sodium hydroxide solution, and heating at 80 ℃ for 30min to obtain the pretreated substrate.
Alternatively, the polyester substrate is soaked in petroleum ether for 15min and then soaked in ethyl acetate for 10min. And then washing the polyester substrate with ethanol and deionized water in sequence, and drying the polyester substrate. And (3) placing the dried polyester substrate in 50g/L sodium hydroxide solution, and heating at 95 ℃ for 50min to obtain the pretreated substrate.
In an exemplary embodiment, when the substrate 1 is an inorganic fiber material, the pretreatment of the surface of the substrate 1 includes:
and (3) soaking and cleaning the substrate 1 in acetone, and then soaking the substrate 1 in a piranha solution for a fifth preset time period to obtain the pretreated substrate 1. The inorganic fiber material may be, for example, carbon fiber or glass fiber.
Illustratively, the inorganic fiber substrate is immersed in acetone for 10-15 minutes. And then washing the inorganic fiber base material with ethanol and deionized water in sequence, and drying the inorganic fiber base material. And (3) soaking the dried inorganic fiber substrate in the piranha solution for 2-3min to obtain the pretreated substrate. Wherein the piranha solution consists of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution with the volume ratio of 6-8:2-4.
For example, an inorganic fiber substrate is immersed in acetone for 10 minutes. And then washing the inorganic fiber base material with ethanol and deionized water in sequence, and drying the inorganic fiber base material. And (3) placing the dried inorganic fiber base material into a piranha solution for soaking for 2min to obtain a pretreated base material. Wherein the piranha solution consists of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution with the volume ratio of 6:4.
Alternatively, the inorganic fiber substrate is immersed in acetone for 15 minutes. And then washing the inorganic fiber base material with ethanol and deionized water in sequence, and drying the inorganic fiber base material. And (3) placing the dried inorganic fiber base material into a piranha solution for soaking for 3min to obtain a pretreated base material. Wherein the piranha solution consists of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution with the volume ratio of 8:2.
In an exemplary embodiment, when the substrate 1 is a metal material, the pretreatment of the surface of the substrate 1 includes:
and (3) polishing and cleaning the substrate 1, and then performing plasma etching to obtain a pretreated substrate.
Illustratively, the metal substrate is polished, rinsed with ethanol and deionized water, and then dried. And (3) carrying out plasma etching on the dried metal substrate for 2-3min to obtain a pretreated substrate. Wherein, the plasma etching can adopt the existing general method.
In an exemplary embodiment, referring to fig. 6, the present application provides a method for preparing a high water collection material, comprising:
s210, immersing the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 of the substrate 1 in a seed agent under a first preset condition to form a first seed layer on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 and a second seed layer on the second surface 12 of the substrate 1.
In step 210, when a modification layer is required to be disposed on each outer surface of the substrate 1, the substrate 1 may be directly immersed in the seed crystal agent, and a preset pressure is applied in the up-down, left-right, front-back directions to squeeze the substrate 1, so as to improve the formation efficiency of the seed crystal layer on the surface of the substrate 1.
S220, under a second preset condition, immersing the first seed crystal layer and the second seed crystal layer of the base material 1 into a growth solution, so that the first seed crystal layer of the base material 1 grows to form a first modification layer 2, and the second seed crystal layer of the base material 1 grows to form a second modification layer 3; wherein the first modification layer 2 comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure, and the second modification layer 3 comprises a second micro-nano crystal array structure.
In step S220, in order to obtain the first micro-nano crystal array structure and the second micro-nano crystal array structure with the same structure, the seed agent, the growth solution and the process parameters are the same.
In order to more clearly explain the technical scheme of the application, the application lists specific examples of the preparation method of the high water collecting material, and the beneficial effects of selecting the content of each component and the above range of the process parameters are described by giving specific experimental data through the specific examples.
Example 1: the preparation method of the high water-collecting material comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of a base material: soaking the carbon fiber woven mesh substrate in acetone for 15min, washing with excessive ethanol, washing with a large amount of deionized water, and drying. And (3) soaking the dried substrate in a piranha solution (prepared by 98% of concentrated sulfuric acid and 30% of hydrogen peroxide solution according to a volume ratio of 6:4) for 3min, and taking out to obtain the pretreated substrate.
(2) Preparation of a first seed layer and a second seed layer: zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide are dissolved in 180mL of methanol to lead the zinc acetate content to be 7g/L and the sodium hydroxide content to be 4g/L, and after stirring for 35min at 60 ℃, 90mL of methanol is added, and stirring is continued for 40min at normal temperature, thus obtaining the seed crystal agent.
Soaking the pretreated substrate in seed crystal agent for 20min, wherein 4kg/cm is applied from up and down, left and right, front and back directions 2 Is pre-processed by pressure extrusionAnd (5) treating the substrate to obtain a first intermediate. The first intermediate was taken out and then placed in an oven, and air-dried at 65 ℃ for 30min to obtain a second intermediate. The soaking and drying process was repeated 5 times.
Placing the second intermediate in a muffle furnace, and heating for 5min at 350 ℃; and cooling to room temperature after taking out to form a first seed crystal layer on the first surface of the substrate and form a second seed crystal layer on the second surface of the substrate. The second surface is all the other surfaces except the first surface, i.e. all the outer surfaces of the substrate in this embodiment are provided with a seed layer.
(3) Preparation of a first modification layer and a second modification layer: zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine are dissolved in 200mL of deionized water and stirred for 1min, so that the content of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is 6.5g/L and the content of hexamethylenetetramine is 3.2g/L, and a growth solution is obtained.
And (3) putting the growth solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, soaking the substrate in the growth solution, performing hydrothermal reaction for 5.5 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃, enabling a first seed crystal layer of the substrate to grow to form a first modification layer, and enabling a second seed crystal layer of the substrate to grow to form a second modification layer, so as to obtain the high water-collecting material with the outer surface modified by the micro-nano crystal array structure. The first modification layer comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure, and the second modification layer comprises a second micro-nano crystal array structure. The first micro-nano crystal array structure is the same as the second micro-nano crystal array structure.
The size of the obtained micro-nanocrystals was: about 160nm wide, 2 μm high and 12.5 aspect ratio; the water contact angle of the modified water collecting material is 65 degrees; the daily water collection amount of the water collection material is 1.5t/m measured when the ambient temperature is 5 ℃, the humidifying fog flow is 15 ℃ and the flow rate is 1.2m/s 2 。
Example 2: the preparation method of the high water-collecting material comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of a base material: soaking the carbon fiber woven mesh substrate in acetone for 15min, washing with excessive ethanol, washing with a large amount of deionized water, and drying. And (3) soaking the dried substrate in a piranha solution (prepared by 98% of concentrated sulfuric acid and 30% of hydrogen peroxide solution according to a volume ratio of 6:4) for 3min, and taking out to obtain the pretreated substrate.
(2) Preparation of a first seed layer and a second seed layer: adding zinc acetate and ethanolamine into 350mL of ethylene glycol-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution with the volume ratio of 1:1, enabling the zinc acetate content to be 200g/L and the ethanolamine content to be 40g/L, and stirring for 40min at normal temperature to obtain the seed crystal agent.
Soaking the pretreated substrate in seed crystal agent for 20min, wherein 4kg/cm is applied from up and down, left and right, front and back directions 2 Is extruded to obtain a first intermediate. The first intermediate was taken out and then placed in an oven, and air-dried at 65 ℃ for 30min to obtain a second intermediate. The soaking and drying process was repeated 5 times.
Placing the second intermediate in a muffle furnace, and heating for 5min at 350 ℃; and cooling to room temperature after taking out to form a first seed crystal layer on the first surface of the substrate and form a second seed crystal layer on the second surface of the substrate. The second surface is all the other surfaces except the first surface, i.e. all the outer surfaces of the substrate in this embodiment are provided with a seed layer.
(3) Preparation of a first modification layer and a second modification layer: dissolving zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine in 200mL of deionized water, and stirring for 2min to ensure that the content of the zinc nitrate hexahydrate is 55g/L and the content of the hexamethylenetetramine is 17g/L, thereby obtaining a growth solution.
And (3) putting the growth solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, soaking the substrate in the growth solution, performing hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 11 hours, enabling a first seed crystal layer of the substrate to grow to form a first modification layer, and enabling a second seed crystal layer of the substrate to grow to form a second modification layer, so as to obtain the high water-collecting material with the outer surface modified by the micro-nano crystal array structure. The first modification layer comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure, and the second modification layer comprises a second micro-nano crystal array structure. The first micro-nano crystal array structure is the same as the second micro-nano crystal array structure.
The size of the obtained micro-nanocrystals was: about 2 μm wide, 12 μm high,the aspect ratio is 6; the water contact angle of the modified water collecting material is 67 degrees; the daily water collection amount of the water collection material is 1.2t/m measured when the ambient temperature is 5 ℃, the humidifying fog flow is 15 ℃ and the flow rate is 1.2m/s 2 。
Examples 3-12 of the water-collecting material and comparative examples 1-10 are also listed in the present application for the purpose of more clearly explaining the technical solutions of the present application. The data of the sizes of the micro-nanocrystals, the contact angles of the water collecting materials, and the water collecting amount on a single day (test conditions: ambient temperature 5 ℃, humidified mist flow 15 ℃, and flow rate 1.2 m/s) of examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 10 are recorded in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance comparison Table for examples 1-12 and comparative examples 1-10
TABLE 1 Performance comparison Table for examples 1-12 and comparative examples 1-10
It should be noted that, by changing the formulation of the seed crystal and the growth solution, and the hydrothermal reaction time, the size of the micro-nano crystal and the contact angle of the modified material can be changed. When micro-nano zinc oxide is used as the modification material, micro-nano crystals of different sizes, such as the smaller size micro-nano crystals prepared in example 1 and the larger size micro-nano crystals prepared in example 2, can be obtained by changing the concentrations of the seed agent and the effective components in the growth solution and the hydrothermal reaction time. When the chemical composition of the modified material is changed or the nano-preparation method different from the examples of the present application is adopted, materials having the same size of micro-nanocrystals and different contact angles after modification can be obtained, for example, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4.
When the material of the base material is different, the pretreatment method of the base material is different. Specific embodiments of example 5 (the base material is a polyester mesh) and example 8 (the base material is a copper mesh) are listed below.
Example 5: the preparation method of the high water-collecting material comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of a base material: soaking the terylene mesh grid substrate in petroleum ether for 10min, and then soaking the terylene mesh grid substrate in ethyl acetate for 5min. Then washing with excessive ethanol, washing with a large amount of deionized water, and drying. And (3) placing the dried substrate in 30g/L sodium hydroxide solution, and heating at the temperature of 85 ℃ for 40min to obtain the pretreated substrate.
(2) Preparation of a first seed layer and a second seed layer: zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide are dissolved in 180mL of methanol to lead the zinc acetate content to be 7.5g/L and the sodium hydroxide content to be 4g/L, and after stirring for 35min at 60 ℃, 90mL of methanol is added, and stirring is continued for 40min at normal temperature, thus obtaining the seed crystal agent.
Soaking the pretreated substrate in seed crystal agent for 20min, wherein 4kg/cm is applied from up and down, left and right, front and back directions 2 Is extruded to obtain a first intermediate. The first intermediate was taken out and then placed in an oven, and air-dried at 65 ℃ for 30min to obtain a second intermediate. The soaking and drying process was repeated 5 times.
Placing the second intermediate in an oven, and heating at 140 ℃ for 45min; and cooling to room temperature after taking out to form a first seed crystal layer on the first surface of the substrate and form a second seed crystal layer on the second surface of the substrate. The second surface is all the other surfaces except the first surface, i.e. all the outer surfaces of the substrate in this embodiment are provided with a seed layer.
(3) Preparation of a first modification layer and a second modification layer: zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine are dissolved in 200mL of deionized water and stirred for 1min, so that the content of zinc nitrate hexahydrate is 6.8g/L and the content of hexamethylenetetramine is 3.3g/L, and a growth solution is obtained.
And (3) putting the growth solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, soaking the substrate in the growth solution, performing hydrothermal reaction for 6 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃, enabling a first seed crystal layer of the substrate to grow to form a first modification layer, and enabling a second seed crystal layer of the substrate to grow to form a second modification layer, so as to obtain the high water-collecting material with the outer surface modified by the micro-nano crystal array structure. The first modification layer comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure, and the second modification layer comprises a second micro-nano crystal array structure. The first micro-nano crystal array structure is the same as the second micro-nano crystal array structure.
The size of the obtained micro-nanocrystals was: about 250nm wide, 3 μm high and 12 aspect ratio; the water contact angle of the modified water collecting material is 65 degrees; the daily water collection amount of the water collection material is 1.3t/m measured when the ambient temperature is 5 ℃, the humidifying fog flow is 15 ℃ and the flow rate is 1.2m/s 2 。
Example 8: the preparation method of the high water-collecting material comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of a base material: and washing the polished copper wire woven mesh substrate with ethanol and a large amount of deionized water in sequence, drying, and then etching for 2min by using plasma to obtain a pretreated substrate.
(2) Preparation of a first seed layer and a second seed layer: adding zinc acetate and ethanolamine into 350mL of ethylene glycol-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution with the volume ratio of 1:1, enabling the zinc acetate content to be 200g/L and the ethanolamine content to be 40g/L, and stirring for 40min at normal temperature to obtain the seed crystal agent.
Soaking the pretreated substrate in seed crystal agent for 20min, wherein 4kg/cm is applied from up and down, left and right, front and back directions 2 Is extruded to obtain a first intermediate. And taking out the first intermediate, placing the first intermediate in an oven, and drying the first intermediate by blowing at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 30min to obtain a second intermediate. The soaking and drying process was repeated 4 times.
Placing the second intermediate in an oven, and heating at 160 ℃ for 45min; and cooling to room temperature after taking out to form a first seed crystal layer on the first surface of the substrate and form a second seed crystal layer on the second surface of the substrate. The second surface is all the other surfaces except the first surface, i.e. all the outer surfaces of the substrate in this embodiment are provided with a seed layer.
(3) Preparation of a first modification layer and a second modification layer: dissolving zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine in 200mL of deionized water, and stirring for 2min to ensure that the content of the zinc nitrate hexahydrate is 55g/L and the content of the hexamethylenetetramine is 17g/L, thereby obtaining a growth solution.
And (3) putting the growth solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, soaking the substrate in the growth solution, performing hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 11 hours, enabling a first seed crystal layer of the substrate to grow to form a first modification layer, and enabling a second seed crystal layer of the substrate to grow to form a second modification layer, so as to obtain the high water-collecting material with the outer surface modified by the micro-nano crystal array structure. The first modification layer comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure, and the second modification layer comprises a second micro-nano crystal array structure. The first micro-nano crystal array structure is the same as the second micro-nano crystal array structure.
The size of the obtained micro-nanocrystals was: about 2 μm wide and about 12 μm high with an aspect ratio of 6; the water contact angle of the modified water collecting material is measured to be 64 degrees; the daily water collection amount of the water collection material is 1.3t/m measured when the ambient temperature is 5 ℃, the humidifying fog flow is 15 ℃ and the flow rate is 1.2m/s 2 。
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the water collecting materials prepared by the methods of examples 1-12 of the present application have high water collecting efficiency, and the water collecting amount per day can reach 1-1.5t/m 2 。
It can be seen from the combination of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 that when carbon fibers are used as the base material, the water collection efficiency of the material which is not modified by the method of the present application is the lowest; after modification, the water collecting efficiency of the material is obviously improved. When the carbon fiber is selected as a base material, the modification layer is of a micro-nano crystal array structure with 160nm width and 2.0 mu m height, and the contact angle of the modified water collecting material reaches 65 degrees, the water collecting efficiency is highest.
As can be seen from the combination of examples 5 to 8 and comparative examples 5 to 7, when terylene is selected as the base material, the water collection efficiency of the material which is not modified by the method of the present application is the lowest; after modification, the water collecting efficiency of the material is obviously improved. When terylene is selected as a base material, the modification layer is of a micro-nano crystal array structure with the width of 250nm and the height of 3.0 mu m, and the contact angle of the modified water collecting material reaches 65 degrees, the water collecting efficiency is highest.
It can be seen from the combination of examples 9 to 12 and comparative examples 8 to 10 that when copper wires are used as the base material, the water collection efficiency of the material which is not modified by the method of the present application is the lowest; after modification, the water collecting efficiency of the material is obviously improved. When the copper wire is selected as the base material, the modification layer is a micro-nano crystal array structure with the width of 2.0 mu m and the height of 12 mu m, and the contact angle of the modified water collecting material reaches 64 ℃, the water collecting efficiency is highest.
Therefore, the water collecting efficiency of the water collecting material obtained by the method is obviously improved. When the base material is made of more hydrophobic materials (larger contact angle) such as terylene or carbon fiber, the water collection efficiency of the micro-nano crystal array structure with smaller size and with the width of 150-300nm and the height of 2.0-3.0 mu m is higher; when the base material is made of a relatively hydrophilic (smaller contact angle) metal material such as copper wires, the water collection efficiency of the micro-nano crystal array structure with the larger size, wherein the modification layer is 0.9-3 mu m wide and 9-15 mu m high, is higher.
Comparative examples 11 to 13
Comparative examples 11 to 13 exemplify the water collection efficiency of the water collection materials currently on the market, wherein the water collection efficiency of comparative examples 11 to 13 is a literature record value under a specific water collection test condition, and the reference value of the present application is the water collection efficiency of the water collection materials under the same parameter water collection test environment condition. The data results are recorded in table 2.
Table 2 comparison of the properties of the water-collecting materials of the present application with other water-collecting materials
As can be seen from the data in table 2, the water collecting efficiency of the water collecting material of the present application is 4-10 times that of other water collecting materials, which indicates that the water collecting material prepared by the method of the present application has excellent water collecting efficiency.
In summary, the method for constructing the nano structure on the substrate with the three-dimensional network structure by utilizing the seed crystal and the hydrothermal synthesis technology has the advantages of simple operation method, short production period, low cost, large control parameter range and good repeatability, can be suitable for substrates with various materials, and can obtain a compact, dense and stable micro-nano crystal array structure through adjustment of process parameters. The water collecting material can simultaneously accelerate the efficiency of mist capturing and water drop transportation and collection, thereby remarkably improving the water collecting capacity of the material.
The method realizes the advantage integration of the hydrophilic material and the hydrophobic material, and the modification layer obtained by the method can still keep higher water collection efficiency under the quasi-static humidity environment, so that the defect that the traditional hydrophobic material is difficult to effectively capture fog is avoided. Moreover, through the coordination of the modification layer and the multi-cross structural unit of the three-dimensional reticular substrate, the defect that the traditional hydrophilic material is blocked from further water collection due to fog retention is avoided, so that liquid drops can be collected and transported on the water collection material at a higher speed.
The high water collecting material can realize large-scale water collection, and can be used for collecting fog water in agricultural irrigation systems, industrial cooling towers and water-deficient areas. In addition, the high water collecting material has long-term stable water collecting efficiency, and can be used for meteorological monitoring, weather forecast and the like.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (7)
1. The high water-collecting material is characterized by comprising a base material and a first modification layer arranged on the first surface of the base material, wherein the first modification layer comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure;
the micro-nanocrystals comprise zinc oxide crystals;
the substrate comprises a woven material;
the base material is a polyester material, when the contact angle of the base material is larger than a preset angle, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 155nm or 250-300nm, the height is 2.0-3.0 mu m, the aspect ratio is 6-13, and the contact angle of the high water collecting material is 65-70 degrees;
the base material is an inorganic fiber material, when the contact angle of the base material is larger than a preset angle, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 150-160nm or 250nm, the height is 2.0-3.0 mu m, the aspect ratio is 6-13, and the contact angle of the high water collecting material is 60-70 degrees;
the base material is a metal material, when the contact angle of the base material is smaller than a preset angle, the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-2.5 mu m, the height is 9.0-15.0 mu m, the aspect ratio is 6-13, and the contact angle of the high water collecting material is 60-70 degrees;
the preset angle is selected from 62-67 degrees;
the single-day water collection amount of the high water collection material is 1.2-1.5t/m 2 ；
The preparation method of the high water-collecting material comprises the following steps:
Immersing the first side of the substrate in a seed agent to form a first seed layer on the first side of the substrate;
immersing the first seed crystal layer of the substrate in a growth solution, and growing the first seed crystal layer of the substrate to form the first modification layer, wherein the first modification layer comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure;
when the width of the micro-nano crystal is 150-160nm or 250-300nm and the height is 2.0-3.0 mu m,
the seed crystal agent comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 6-9g/L of zinc acetate and 3-5g/L of sodium hydroxide, wherein the solvent is methanol;
the growth solution comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 6.2-7.8g/L of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 3-3.5g/L of hexamethylenetetramine and water as solvent;
when the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-2.5 mu m and the height is 9.0-15.0 mu m,
the seed crystal agent comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 160-220g/L of zinc acetate and 30-50g/L of ethanolamine, wherein the solvent is a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether with a volume ratio of 5 (5-6);
the growth solution comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 50-60g/L of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 15-20g/L of hexamethylenetetramine and water as a solvent.
2. The high water collection material of claim 1, further comprising a second modification layer disposed on a second side of the substrate, the second side comprising any one or more surfaces of the substrate other than the first side;
The second modification layer comprises a second micro-nano crystal array structure.
3. A method of preparing a high water collection material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising:
immersing the first side of the substrate in a seed agent to form a first seed layer on the first side of the substrate;
immersing the first seed crystal layer of the substrate in a growth solution, and growing the first seed crystal layer of the substrate to form the first modification layer, wherein the first modification layer comprises a first micro-nano crystal array structure;
when the width of the micro-nano crystal is 150-160nm or 250-300nm and the height is 2.0-3.0 mu m,
the seed crystal agent comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 6-9g/L of zinc acetate and 3-5g/L of sodium hydroxide, wherein the solvent is methanol;
the growth solution comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 6.2-7.8g/L of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 3-3.5g/L of hexamethylenetetramine and water as solvent;
when the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-2.5 mu m and the height is 9.0-15.0 mu m,
the seed crystal agent comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 160-220g/L of zinc acetate and 30-50g/L of ethanolamine, wherein the solvent is a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether with a volume ratio of 5 (5-6);
The growth solution comprises the following raw materials in mass and volume content: 50-60g/L of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 15-20g/L of hexamethylenetetramine and water as a solvent.
4. The method for preparing a high water collecting material according to claim 3, wherein the conditions for forming the first modified layer when the micro-nano crystal has a width of 150-160nm or 250-300nm and a height of 2.0-3.0 μm include:
carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 5-7h at the temperature of 85-95 ℃;
when the width of the micro-nano crystal is 0.9-2.5 mu m and the height is 9.0-15.0 mu m, the conditions for forming the first modification layer comprise:
and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 7-12h at the temperature of 85-95 ℃.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein immersing the first side of the substrate in a seeding agent to form a first seed layer on the first side of the substrate comprises:
immersing a first side of the substrate in a seed crystal agent to obtain a first intermediate;
drying the first intermediate at a first preset temperature to obtain a second intermediate;
heating the second intermediate at a second preset temperature to form the first seed layer on the first side of the substrate;
the first preset temperature is 40-70 ℃;
The second preset temperature is 150-400 ℃, and the second preset temperature is lower than the glass transition temperature or the melting point of the substrate.
6. A method of preparing a high water collection material according to claim 3 wherein the first side of the substrate is immersed in a seeding agent to form a first seed layer on the first side of the substrate, the method further comprising: pretreating the surface of the substrate;
when the substrate is a polyester material, the pretreatment of the surface of the substrate comprises:
soaking and cleaning the substrate in petroleum ether and ethyl acetate respectively, and then soaking the substrate in sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a pretreated substrate;
when the substrate is an inorganic fiber material, the pretreatment of the substrate surface includes:
soaking and cleaning the substrate in acetone, and then soaking the substrate in a piranha solution to obtain a pretreated substrate;
when the substrate is a metal material, the pretreatment of the surface of the substrate comprises:
and (3) polishing and cleaning the substrate, and then performing plasma etching to obtain a pretreated substrate.
7. The method for producing a high water collecting material according to claim 3, wherein the method for producing further comprises:
Immersing the second side of the substrate in the seed agent to form a second seed layer on the second side of the substrate;
immersing the second seed crystal layer of the substrate into the growth solution, and growing the second seed crystal layer of the substrate to form a second modification layer, wherein the second modification layer comprises a second micro-nano crystal array structure.
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