CN117604364A - Forming process of high-temperature-resistant bolt - Google Patents
Forming process of high-temperature-resistant bolt Download PDFInfo
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- CN117604364A CN117604364A CN202311615124.6A CN202311615124A CN117604364A CN 117604364 A CN117604364 A CN 117604364A CN 202311615124 A CN202311615124 A CN 202311615124A CN 117604364 A CN117604364 A CN 117604364A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
A molding process of a high-temperature-resistant bolt comprises the following steps: s1, preparation of a material: preparing a blank of the high-temperature-resistant bolt by adopting a powder metallurgy mode; the raw materials for manufacturing the blank of the high-temperature-resistant bolt are Fe powder, tiCN powder, WC powder and Mo 2 C powder, cr 3 C 2 Powder, VC powder, mo powder, co powder; s2, forming: preliminary molding the blank through a cold heading die to obtain a bolt main body; the screw thread of the bolt main body material rod is rolled and molded to obtain a bolt body; s3, processing: carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment on the formed bolt body; s4, surface treatment: and (3) performing chromium plating or hot dip galvanizing treatment on the processed bolt body. The high-temperature-resistant bolt forming process is reasonable in design, the blank of the bolt is prepared in a powder metallurgy mode, and the blank is matched with the combination of different components between a plurality of hard phases and bonding phases, so that the prepared bolt finished product has excellent high-temperature wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of bolts, and particularly relates to a forming process of a high-temperature-resistant bolt.
Background
A bolt is a mechanical part used to connect or secure two or more components. It is typically made of a metallic material, with a threaded outer surface capable of cooperating with a nut to achieve a tightening effect.
Bolts are very commonly used in machining assembly, have wide application range and are required to be suitable for different environments, so that the bolts are required to have different performances. The high-temperature-resistant bolt has wide application prospect, and along with industrial development and technical progress, the demand for the high-temperature-resistant wear-resistant bolt will be increased. In particular, in the aerospace field, there is a very high demand for high temperature wear resistant bolts that are widely used in aircraft engines, propulsion systems, and burners and the like.
Therefore, the invention aims to develop a forming process of the high-temperature-resistant bolt so as to meet the requirements of different industries on reliable connection in high-temperature environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a forming process of a high-temperature-resistant bolt, which is reasonable in design, and a blank of the bolt is prepared in a powder metallurgy mode, and is matched with the combination of different components between a plurality of hard phases and a binding phase, so that the prepared bolt finished product has excellent high-temperature wear resistance and corrosion resistance and wide application prospect.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a molding process of a high-temperature-resistant bolt comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of a material: preparing a blank of the high-temperature-resistant bolt by adopting a powder metallurgy mode; the raw materials for manufacturing the blank of the high-temperature-resistant bolt are Fe powder, tiCN powder, WC powder and Mo 2 C powder, cr 3 C 2 Powder, VC powder, mo powder, co powder;
s2, forming: manufacturing a cold heading die of the bolt according to the requirements of customers, and primarily forming the blank through the cold heading die to obtain a bolt main body; the screw thread of the bolt main body material rod is rolled and molded through a reciprocating thread rolling machine to obtain a bolt body;
s3, processing: carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment on the formed bolt body;
s4, surface treatment: and (3) performing chromium plating or hot dip galvanizing treatment on the processed bolt body to obtain a bolt finished product.
The high-temperature-resistant bolt forming process is reasonable in design, adopts a powder metallurgy mode to prepare a bolt blank, adopts Fe powder, tiCN powder, WC powder and Mo 2 C powder, cr 3 C 2 The powder, VC powder, mo powder and Co powder are matched with the combination of different components between a plurality of hard phases and binding phases, so that the high temperature resistance, the wear resistance, the toughness and the processability are further improved.
Further, in the above-mentioned process for forming a high temperature resistant bolt, in S1, typical components of a blank for manufacturing the high temperature resistant bolt are as follows:
TiCN 1.3-1.6%；
W 5.9-6.1%；
C 1.2-1.4%；
Mo 5.0-5.3%；
Cr 3.9-4.1%；
V 2.9-3.1%；
Co 8.8-9.0%；
the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
The blank has reasonable formula design, takes Fe-Co-Mo as a binding phase and TiCN as a hard phase, and generates dispersed intermetallic compounds with small size in situ by adding elements such as W, cr, V and the like into a martensitic matrix. Wherein TiCN has excellent characteristics of high melting point, high hardness, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and the like, and Mo can improve the wettability between TiCN and the bonding phase, thereby improving the interfacial bonding force between the hard phase and the bonding phase. In addition, the TiCN can play a role in pinning in the matrix, so that excessive growth of the Fe matrix in the heat treatment process is inhibited, and the toughness of the blank is further improved. The interface bonding strength between the intermetallic compound and the matrix is high, the high-temperature-resistant composite material has high thermal conductivity and toughness, and the growth rate of hard phase particles can be slowed down in a high-temperature working environment, so that the high-temperature resistance of the blank is further improved.
Further, in the above-mentioned molding process of the high temperature resistant bolt, in S1, the preparation of the blank includes the following steps:
s11 ball milling: fe powder, tiCN powder, WC powder and Mo 2 C powder, cr 3 C 2 Fully mixing the powder, VC powder, mo powder and Co powder on a ball mill to prepare mixed slurry, and then placing the mixed slurry into a vacuum drying oven for quick negative pressure drying;
s12, pretreatment: cooling the mixed slurry to room temperature along with a furnace in a vacuum drying oven after the mixed slurry is dried, putting the mixed slurry into a low-oxygen partial pressure drying oven for pre-oxidation treatment, and sieving the mixed slurry with a 20-mesh screen and a 60-mesh screen in sequence to obtain mixed powder;
s13, pressing: pressing the mixed powder into a cylindrical pressed compact under a hydraulic press;
s14 sintering: sintering the cylindrical pressed compact in a high temperature vacuum graphite furnace with vacuum degree set to (3-6) ×10 -2 Pa, setting the final sintering temperature to 1350-1400 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1-3h, and cooling along with a furnace to prepare a cylindrical blank;
s15 hot isostatic pressing: and (3) placing the cylindrical blank into a heating furnace chamber in a hot isostatic pressing system, wherein the pressure is set to 140-145MPa in the hot isostatic pressing process, argon is used for protection, the final temperature is set to 1200-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is set to 1-3h, so that the blank is prepared.
Further, in the above-mentioned high temperature resistant bolt molding process, in the step S12, the temperature of the pre-oxidation treatment is 660 ℃ to 700 ℃ and the pre-oxidation time is 0.5 to 1h.
Further, in the above-mentioned process for forming a high temperature resistant bolt, in S13, the hydraulic press is set to 150-180MPa.
Further, in the above-mentioned molding process of the high temperature resistant bolt, in S3, the heat treatment specifically includes the following: and (3) putting the bolt body into a well type electric furnace, reheating to 1100-1150 ℃, preserving heat for 15min, quenching oil to room temperature, tempering for 1 time at 550-600 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3h, and air cooling.
And carrying out heat treatment on the formed bolt body, quenching and tempering, and removing residual stress of forming processing to achieve the aim of improving the appearance and the size of the phase.
Further, in the above-mentioned high temperature resistant bolt forming process, in S4, the hot dip galvanizing treatment is performed on the processed bolt body, which specifically includes the following steps:
s41 alkali washing: preparing an alkaline washing solution by adopting a proportion of adding 1L of water into 20g of sodium hydroxide powder; placing the bolt body in an alkaline washing solution, wherein the temperature of the alkaline washing solution is set to be 60-65 ℃, and the alkaline washing time is 10-15min;
s42, washing: washing the bolt body subjected to alkali washing with water for multiple times;
s43, acid cleaning: preparing an HCl solution with the mass fraction of 15% as an acid washing solution; placing the bolt body in an acid washing solution, and carrying out acid washing for 10-15min at room temperature;
s44, washing: washing the pickled bolt body with water for multiple times;
s45 dilute acid treatment: preparing an HCl solution with the mass fraction of 1% as a dilute acid treatment solution; wiping the surface of the bolt body by adopting dilute acid treatment solution;
s46, zinc-assisted treatment: preparing a zinc-assisted solution by adding 450g of a plating assistant agent into 1L of water; the plating assistant agent is zinc chloride and ammonium chloride, and the mass ratio of the zinc chloride to the ammonium chloride is 1:1.3; placing the bolt body in a zinc-assisting solution, wherein the temperature of the zinc-assisting solution is set to be 60-65 ℃, the pH of the zinc-assisting solution is kept at 3.5-4, and the zinc-assisting treatment time is 3-5min;
s47, drying: drying the bolt body subjected to zinc-assisted treatment in a drying box, wherein the temperature of the drying box is set to be 70-75 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5min;
s48, hot dip galvanization: placing the dried bolt body in a plating solution, wherein the temperature of the plating solution is 460-500 ℃, and the dip plating time is 3-5min;
s49, water cooling: and (3) rapidly water-cooling the hot-dip galvanized bolt body, and hanging the hot-dip galvanized bolt body in air after water cooling to obtain a bolt finished product.
The process for forming the high-temperature-resistant bolt according to claim 7 is characterized in that the plating solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al is more than or equal to 1.0% and less than or equal to 5.0%, mg is more than or equal to 1.0% and less than or equal to 5.0%, RE is more than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 0.5%, and the balance is Zn and unavoidable impurities.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The high-temperature-resistant bolt forming process disclosed by the invention has reasonable formula design of the blank, adopts a powder metallurgy mode to prepare the blank of the bolt, adopts Fe powder, tiCN powder, WC powder and Mo powder 2 C powder, cr 3 C 2 Powder, VC powder, mo powder and Co powder are matched with the combination of different components between a plurality of hard phases and a binding phase, fe-Co-Mo is used as the binding phase, tiCN is used as the hard phase, and elements such as W, cr, V and the like are added into a martensitic matrix to generate dispersed intermetallic compounds with fine sizes in situ, so that the high temperature resistance, the wear resistance, the toughness and the machinability are further improved;
(3) The forming process of the high-temperature-resistant bolt provided by the invention has reasonable design of process steps, firstly adopts a powder metallurgy mode to prepare a blank of the high-temperature-resistant bolt, then carries out cold heading forming, thread forming and heat treatment on the bolt raw material, and finally carries out surface treatment on the processed bolt body, so that the prepared bolt finished product has excellent high-temperature wear resistance and corrosion resistance and wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
In the following, a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be given in conjunction with specific experimental data, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Example 1 below provides a blank for making a high temperature resistant bolt.
Example 1
The raw materials of the blank of example 1 are Fe powder, tiCN powder, WC powder, mo2C powder, cr3C2 powder, VC powder, mo powder, co powder, and typical components thereof are as follows:
TiCN 1.5%；
W 6.08%；
C 1.23%；
Mo 5.21%；
Cr 3.967%；
V 3.045%；
Co 8.915%；
the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
The following example 2, comparative example 1 provides a finished bolt product and a forming process.
Example 2
The bolt finished product of the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of a material: raw materials for manufacturing a high temperature resistant bolt blank were prepared in accordance with the formulation of example 1.
S11 ball milling: fe powder, tiCN powder, WC powder and Mo 2 C powder, cr 3 C 2 Fully mixing the powder, VC powder, mo powder and Co powder on a ball mill to prepare mixed slurry, and then placing the mixed slurry into a vacuum drying oven for quick negative pressure drying;
s12, pretreatment: cooling the mixed slurry to room temperature along with a furnace in a vacuum drying oven after the mixed slurry is dried, putting the mixed slurry into a low-oxygen partial pressure drying oven for pre-oxidation treatment, wherein the pre-oxidation treatment temperature is 670 ℃, the pre-oxidation time is 0.5h, and then sieving the mixed slurry by a 20-mesh screen and a 60-mesh screen in sequence to obtain mixed powder required by a subsequent process;
s13, pressing: pressing the mixed powder into a cylindrical pressed compact under a hydraulic press; setting the hydraulic press to 160Mpa;
s14 sintering: sintering the cylindrical pressed compact in a high temperature vacuum graphite furnace with vacuum degree set to 5×10 -2 Pa, setting the final sintering temperature to 1400 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain a cylindrical blank;
s15 hot isostatic pressing: and (3) placing the cylindrical blank into a heating furnace chamber in a hot isostatic pressing system, setting the pressure to 145MPa in the hot isostatic pressing process, protecting by argon, setting the final temperature to 1250 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 hours to obtain the blank.
S2, forming: manufacturing a cold heading die of the bolt according to the requirements of customers, and primarily forming the blank through the cold heading die to obtain a bolt main body; and (3) rolling and forming the screw thread of the bolt main body material rod through a reciprocating thread rolling machine to obtain the bolt body.
S3, processing: and (3) putting the formed bolt body into a well type electric furnace, reheating to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 15min, quenching oil to room temperature, tempering at 560 ℃ for 1 time, preserving heat for 2h, air-cooling, and removing residual stress of the forming process.
S4, surface treatment: and performing hot dip galvanizing treatment on the processed bolt body.
S41 alkali washing: preparing an alkaline washing solution by adopting a proportion of adding 1L of water into 20g of sodium hydroxide powder; placing the bolt body in an alkaline washing solution, wherein the temperature of the alkaline washing solution is set to be 60 ℃, and the alkaline washing time is 15min so as to remove grease on the surface of the bolt body;
s42, washing: washing the alkali-washed bolt body with water for multiple times to remove oil stains and alkaline solution on the surface of the bolt body;
s43, acid cleaning: preparing an HCl solution with the mass fraction of 15% as an acid washing solution; placing the bolt body in an acid washing solution, and carrying out acid washing for 10min at room temperature to remove rust on the bolt body;
s44, washing: washing the pickled bolt body with water for multiple times to remove hydrochloric acid on the surface of the bolt body, so as to prevent the bolt body from being further pickled and influencing subsequent procedures;
s45 dilute acid treatment: preparing an HCl solution with the mass fraction of 1% as a dilute acid treatment solution; wiping the surface of the bolt body by adopting dilute acid treatment solution to prevent the surface of the cleaned bolt body from being oxidized again;
s46, zinc-assisted treatment: preparing a zinc-assisted solution by adding 450g of a plating assistant agent into 1L of water; the plating assistant agent is zinc chloride and ammonium chloride, and the mass ratio of the zinc chloride to the ammonium chloride is 1:1.3; placing the bolt body in a zinc-assisting solution, wherein the temperature of the zinc-assisting solution is set to 65 ℃, the pH of the zinc-assisting solution is kept at 3.5-4, and the zinc-assisting treatment time is 3min; the bolt body can keep certain activity before hot plating after plating assistance treatment, so that the combination between the plating solution and the bolt body is enhanced, the adhesive force is enhanced, and the appearance quality of the bolt body is improved;
s47, drying: putting the bolt body subjected to the zinc-assisted treatment into a drying box for drying, wherein the temperature of the drying box is set to be 75 ℃, and the drying time is 5min;
s48, hot dip galvanization: placing the dried bolt body in a plating solution, wherein the temperature of the plating solution is set to 480 ℃, and the dip plating time is 4min; the plating solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al 2.4%, mg 1.5%, RE 0.3%, and Zn and unavoidable impurities in balance; carrying out surface treatment on the bolt body by adopting hot dip galvanizing, forming a galvanized layer capable of protecting the bolt body from being damaged on the surface of the bolt body, and improving the corrosion resistance of the bolt;
s49, water cooling: the hot-dip galvanized bolt body was rapidly water-cooled, and suspended in air after water-cooling, to prepare a bolt finished product of example 2.
Comparative example 1
The bolt finished product of comparative example 1, the molding process thereof comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of a material: raw materials for manufacturing a high temperature resistant bolt blank were prepared in accordance with the formulation of example 1.
S11 ball milling: fe powder, tiCN powder, WC powder and Mo 2 C powder, cr 3 C 2 Fully mixing the powder, VC powder, mo powder and Co powder on a ball mill to prepare mixed slurry, and then placing the mixed slurry into a vacuum drying oven for quick negative pressure drying;
s12, pretreatment: cooling the mixed slurry to room temperature along with a furnace in a vacuum drying oven after the mixed slurry is dried, putting the mixed slurry into a low-oxygen partial pressure drying oven for pre-oxidation treatment, wherein the pre-oxidation treatment temperature is 670 ℃, the pre-oxidation time is 0.5h, and then sieving the mixed slurry by a 20-mesh screen and a 60-mesh screen in sequence to obtain mixed powder required by a subsequent process;
s13, pressing: pressing the mixed powder into a cylindrical pressed compact under a hydraulic press; setting the hydraulic press to 160Mpa;
s14 sintering: sintering the cylindrical pressed compact in a high temperature vacuum graphite furnace with vacuum degree set to 5×10 -2 Pa, setting the final sintering temperature to 1400 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain a cylindrical blank;
s15 hot isostatic pressing: and (3) placing the cylindrical blank into a heating furnace chamber in a hot isostatic pressing system, setting the pressure to 145MPa in the hot isostatic pressing process, protecting by argon, setting the final temperature to 1250 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 hours to obtain the blank.
S2, forming: manufacturing a cold heading die of the bolt according to the requirements of customers, and primarily forming the blank through the cold heading die to obtain a bolt main body; and (3) rolling and forming the screw thread of the bolt main body material rod through a reciprocating thread rolling machine to obtain the bolt body.
S3, processing: and (3) putting the formed bolt body into a well type electric furnace, reheating to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 15min, quenching oil to room temperature, tempering at 560 ℃ for 1 time, preserving heat for 2h, air cooling, and removing residual stress of the forming processing to obtain a finished bolt product of the comparative example 1.
And (3) effect verification:
the bolt products obtained in example 2 and comparative example 1 were subjected to performance test, and the test results are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3, and the bolt products in example 2 and comparative example 1 were prepared as test pieces, which were rectangular blocks having a length of 35.6mm, a width of 25.4mm and a thickness of 9 mm.
(1) High temperature resistance test: the samples prepared from the bolt finished products obtained in example 2 and comparative example 1 were subjected to a high-temperature frictional wear test by using a high-temperature frictional wear tester, and the test results are shown in Table 1. The specific settings for the high temperature frictional wear test are as follows: the upper friction pair adopts Si with the diameter of ϕ 6.25.6.25 mm 3 N 4 The ceramic ball, the lower friction pair adopts the instrument, and the test parameters are: load 100/N, speed 10 mm.s -1 The time is 60min, the temperature is 300 ℃, 400 ℃ and 500 ℃. The test data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 high temperature Friction wear test results
(2) Corrosion resistance test:
1. salt spray corrosion test: samples prepared from the bolt finished products of example 2 and comparative example 1 were put into a precision salt spray corrosion machine to carry out salt spray corrosion tests, and the test results are shown in Table 2. The specific settings for corrosion resistance test were as follows: according to the standard of GB/T24195-2009, naCl solution with the solution concentration of 5% is used as salt spray corrosive liquid, only one surface of a sample to be tested is guaranteed to be corroded by salt spray, and the back surfaces and the side surfaces of all the samples are sealed by adopting corrosion-resistant tinfoil tapes.
TABLE 2 salt spray corrosion test results
| Sample of | Time | Visual results | Determination according to criteria |
| Example 1 | 720 | No red rust | Qualified product |
| Comparative example 1 | 720 | No red rust | Qualified product |
2. Wet heat corrosion resistance test: samples prepared from the bolt finished products of the example 2 and the comparative example 1 are placed into a damp-heat testing device according to the GJB 150.9-86 standard requirements for 42 cycles and 1008 hours of circulating damp-heat tests. The surface states of the samples of the example 2 and the comparative example 1 after the cyclic damp-heat test are observed under a microscope of 30 times, the surface color and the appearance of the example 2 are not changed, the surface color of the comparative example 1 is slightly light, and the appearance is basically unchanged.
3. Electrochemical corrosion performance: samples prepared from the bolt products of example 2 and comparative example 1 were subjected to an electrochemical corrosion resistance test using an electrochemical workstation, and the test results are shown in table 3. The specific settings for the electrochemical corrosion resistance test are as follows: the test items all adopt classical three-electrode solution systems, wherein samples after different heat treatments are used as working electrodes, saturated calomel electrodes are used as reference electrodes, and platinum sheets are used as auxiliary electrodes. The electrolyte solution was 3.5 wt% NaCI solution, measured at room temperature.
TABLE 3 results of electrochemical Corrosion resistance test
| Ecorr (self-corrosion potential)/V | Icorr (self-etching current density)/μA.cm -2 | Corrosion rate/mm.a -1 | |
| Example 1 | -3.031 | 0.308 | 0.00325 |
| Comparative example 1 | -3.316 | 0.391 | 0.00462 |
There are many ways in which the invention may be practiced, and what has been described above is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The forming process of the high-temperature-resistant bolt is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparation of a material: preparing a blank of the high-temperature-resistant bolt by adopting a powder metallurgy mode; the raw materials for manufacturing the blank of the high-temperature-resistant bolt are Fe powder, tiCN powder, WC powder and Mo 2 C powder, cr 3 C 2 Powder, VC powder, mo powder, co powder;
s2, forming: manufacturing a cold heading die of the bolt according to the requirements of customers, and primarily forming the blank through the cold heading die to obtain a bolt main body; the screw thread of the bolt main body material rod is rolled and molded through a reciprocating thread rolling machine to obtain a bolt body;
s3, processing: carrying out quenching and tempering heat treatment on the formed bolt body;
s4, surface treatment: and (3) performing chromium plating or hot dip galvanizing treatment on the processed bolt body to obtain a bolt finished product.
2. The process for forming a refractory bolt according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the typical composition of the blank for forming the refractory bolt is as follows:
TiCN 1.3-1.6%；
W 5.9-6.1%；
C 1.2-1.4%；
Mo 5.0-5.3%；
Cr 3.9-4.1%；
V 2.9-3.1%；
Co 8.8-9.0%；
the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
3. The process for forming a high temperature resistant bolt according to claim 2, wherein in S1, the preparation of the blank comprises the steps of:
s11 ball milling: fe powder, tiCN powder, WC powder and Mo 2 C powder, cr 3 C 2 Fully mixing the powder, VC powder, mo powder and Co powder on a ball mill to prepare mixed slurry, and then placing the mixed slurry into a vacuum drying oven for quick negative pressure drying;
s12, pretreatment: cooling the mixed slurry to room temperature along with a furnace in a vacuum drying oven after the mixed slurry is dried, putting the mixed slurry into a low-oxygen partial pressure drying oven for pre-oxidation treatment, and sieving the mixed slurry with a 20-mesh screen and a 60-mesh screen in sequence to obtain mixed powder;
s13, pressing: pressing the mixed powder into a cylindrical pressed compact under a hydraulic press;
s14 sintering: sintering the cylindrical pressed compact in a high temperature vacuum graphite furnace with vacuum degree set to (3-6) ×10 -2 Pa, setting the final sintering temperature to 1350-1400 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1-3h, and cooling along with a furnace to prepare a cylindrical blank;
s15 hot isostatic pressing: and (3) placing the cylindrical blank into a heating furnace chamber in a hot isostatic pressing system, wherein the pressure is set to 140-145MPa in the hot isostatic pressing process, argon is used for protection, the final temperature is set to 1200-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is set to 1-3h, so that the blank is prepared.
4. The process for forming a high temperature resistant bolt according to claim 3, wherein in S12, the pre-oxidation treatment is performed at 660-700 ℃ for 0.5-1h.
5. The process for forming a high temperature resistant bolt according to claim 3, wherein in S13, the hydraulic press is set to 150-180MPa.
6. The process for forming a high temperature resistant bolt according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the heat treatment specifically includes the following: and (3) putting the bolt body into a well type electric furnace, reheating to 1100-1150 ℃, preserving heat for 15min, quenching oil to room temperature, tempering for 1 time at 550-600 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3h, and air cooling.
7. The process for forming a high temperature resistant bolt according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the processed bolt body is hot dip galvanized, comprising the steps of:
s41 alkali washing: preparing an alkaline washing solution by adopting a proportion of adding 1L of water into 20g of sodium hydroxide powder; placing the bolt body in an alkaline washing solution, wherein the temperature of the alkaline washing solution is set to be 60-65 ℃, and the alkaline washing time is 10-15min;
s42, washing: washing the bolt body subjected to alkali washing with water for multiple times;
s43, acid cleaning: preparing an HCl solution with the mass fraction of 15% as an acid washing solution; placing the bolt body in an acid washing solution, and carrying out acid washing for 10-15min at room temperature;
s44, washing: washing the pickled bolt body with water for multiple times;
s45 dilute acid treatment: preparing an HCl solution with the mass fraction of 1% as a dilute acid treatment solution; wiping the surface of the bolt body by adopting dilute acid treatment solution;
s46, zinc-assisted treatment: preparing a zinc-assisted solution by adding 450g of a plating assistant agent into 1L of water; the plating assistant agent is zinc chloride and ammonium chloride, and the mass ratio of the zinc chloride to the ammonium chloride is 1:1.3; placing the bolt body in a zinc-assisting solution, wherein the temperature of the zinc-assisting solution is set to be 60-65 ℃, the pH of the zinc-assisting solution is kept at 3.5-4, and the zinc-assisting treatment time is 3-5min;
s47, drying: drying the bolt body subjected to zinc-assisted treatment in a drying box, wherein the temperature of the drying box is set to be 70-75 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5min;
s48, hot dip galvanization: placing the dried bolt body in a plating solution, wherein the temperature of the plating solution is 460-500 ℃, and the dip plating time is 3-5min;
s49, water cooling: and (3) rapidly water-cooling the hot-dip galvanized bolt body, and hanging the hot-dip galvanized bolt body in air after water cooling to obtain a bolt finished product.
8. The process for forming the high-temperature-resistant bolt according to claim 7, wherein the plating solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al is more than or equal to 1.0% and less than or equal to 5.0%, mg is more than or equal to 1.0% and less than or equal to 5.0%, RE is more than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 0.5%, and the balance is Zn and unavoidable impurities.
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