CN117595782A - Self-opening and closing passive cooling device of semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall and semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall - Google Patents
Self-opening and closing passive cooling device of semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall and semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic opening and closing passive cooling device of a semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall and the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall, wherein the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall comprises a semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, the automatic opening and closing passive cooling device comprises a cooling mechanism, the cooling mechanism is provided with a cooling medium circulation channel which is clung to the backlight side of the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, an automatic opening and closing valve is arranged on the cooling medium circulation channel, and the automatic opening and closing valve automatically closes or opens the cooling medium circulation channel according to the ambient temperature; the automatic-opening and-closing passive cooling device works according to the heat pipe principle, heat collection and directional heat conduction can be achieved, the cooling effect of the automatic-opening and-closing passive cooling device can be adjusted according to the battery temperature, and meanwhile, the film battery of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall with the automatic-opening and-closing passive cooling device is ensured to be in a stable temperature range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic curtain wall cooling device, in particular to an automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device for a semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall and the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall.
Background
BIPV is integrated with a photovoltaic building, and the photovoltaic technology is widely applied at present; some BIPVs adopt semitransparent film photovoltaic cells to combine with building glass, and the advantage of this is that can also light transmission when generating electricity, reduces the influence of photovoltaic to indoor daylighting.
But translucent BIPV will rise to higher temperatures through sun exposure when operated for a long period in summer. The high temperature can reduce the work efficiency and the service life of the thin film battery on one hand, and on the other hand, the comfort of the daily life of people in the building is reduced. The existing photovoltaic curtain wall can meet the self-cooling requirement through a cooling device, and the cooling device is mainly actively air-cooled or water-cooled. Although such devices are capable of achieving photovoltaic cooling, they themselves can adversely affect building comfort when the ambient temperature is low. For example, in cold winter, such devices can exacerbate adverse heat dissipation from the inside of a building to the outside, so that the heat preservation of the building is poor, the energy consumption is high, and the air-cooled or water-cooled device is large in size, so that light entering the room can be weakened, and the lighting of the building is poor. At the same time these devices require additional energy consumption (e.g. electrical energy because both the pump and the fan need to be powered), which makes the building running costs high.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the heat dissipation problem of BIPV (in particular to a semi-transparent tube photovoltaic curtain wall), the invention provides an automatic opening and closing passive cooling device of a semi-transparent photovoltaic curtain wall and the semi-transparent photovoltaic curtain wall. The automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device works according to the heat pipe principle, collects heat of the photovoltaic curtain wall or/and the photovoltaic cell, and directionally transmits the heat to the edge or gap of the curtain wall for heat dissipation; the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device does not need extra energy, has good cooling effect and small shading area, can realize the dual functions of utilizing solar energy to efficiently generate power and maintaining indoor illumination according to the cooling effect of the battery temperature self-adaptive adjusting device, and simultaneously ensures that the film battery of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall with the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device is in a stable temperature range.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides an automatic on-off passive cooling device for a semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall, where the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall includes a semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cell, and the automatic on-off passive cooling device includes a cooling mechanism, where the cooling mechanism has a cooling medium circulation channel that is closely attached to a backlight side of the semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cell, and the cooling medium circulation channel is used for collecting heat and conducting heat directionally from heat of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall, where the heat is generated by the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall or/and the semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cell;
an automatic opening and closing valve is arranged on the cooling medium circulation channel, and the automatic opening and closing valve automatically closes or opens the cooling medium circulation channel according to the ambient temperature.
Optionally, the self-opening and closing valve at least includes:
a spool acting on the cooling medium circulation passage; and
the actuator is connected with the valve column and drives the valve column to open and close the cooling medium circulation channel;
the actuator is a temperature memory alloy piece, the valve column is driven to move by sensing the temperature change form, and the medium flow area of the cooling medium circulation channel is changed by the movement of the valve column.
Optionally, the cooling mechanism includes:
a plurality of heat pipes which are clung to the backlight side of the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, and the flow passages of the heat pipes are mutually communicated to form a heat collecting unit with a cooling medium circulation channel; and
a heat sink located above the heat collecting unit;
the heat dissipation part is respectively communicated with the outlet and the inlet of the cooling medium circulation channel, the medium enters the heat dissipation part after passing through the heat collection unit element, and the medium after heat dissipation is recycled to the heat collection part.
Optionally, the heat dissipation element includes a medium accommodating portion, a plurality of heat dissipation fins are disposed outside the medium accommodating portion, a medium outlet of the medium accommodating portion is communicated with an inlet of the cooling medium circulation channel, and a medium inlet of the medium accommodating portion is communicated with an outlet of the cooling medium circulation channel;
the medium accommodating portion and the cooling medium circulation passage are filled with a cooling medium.
Optionally, the density degree of the heat pipes in the heat collection unit is arranged according to the heating part or/and the heating value of the photovoltaic curtain wall, and the heat pipes are arranged in a cross shape, or an arc shape, or a fold shape, or a card taking needle shape.
Optionally, the cross section of the heat pipe is rectangular, at least one inner side surface of the heat pipe is provided with a tooth-shaped structure extending along the medium flowing direction, a first capillary structure is arranged between adjacent tooth-shaped structures, and the outer wall of the tooth-shaped structure is provided with a second capillary structure.
Optionally, the cross section of the heat pipe is arch-shaped, the interior of the heat pipe is provided with a cavity filled with working fluid, and an inner capillary structure is arranged between the cavity and the inner wall of the heat pipe.
Optionally, the cross section of the heat pipe is in a ring pipe shape, the heat pipe comprises a first tubular body and a second tubular body, a first cavity filled with working fluid is formed between the first tubular body and the second tubular body, the second tubular body comprises a hollow bracket net-shaped inner pipe, an outer wall capillary structure is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the inner pipe, and a second cavity filled with working fluid is formed in the inner pipe.
Optionally, the medium accommodating part is arranged transversely or longitudinally.
On the other hand, the invention provides a semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall, which comprises outer glass, semitransparent film photovoltaic cells, the automatic opening and closing passive cooling device, a transparent backboard and a frame,
the outer layer glass and the transparent backboard are fixed on the frame, wherein the transparent backboard is positioned on the backlight side of the outer layer glass;
the translucent thin-film photovoltaic cell is fixed to the backlight side of the outer glass,
the cooling medium circulation channel of the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device is positioned between the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell and the transparent backboard and is clung to the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, the cooling mechanism of the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device is fixed on the frame, and the automatic-opening and closing valve is arranged at the joint of the cooling mechanism and the cooling medium circulation channel.
The invention has the following advantages:
the automatic opening and closing passive cooling device of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall works according to the heat pipe principle, has good cooling effect and small shading area, can ensure enough indoor illumination, can be self-adaptively opened and closed according to the ambient temperature (such as the battery temperature), can keep the heat radiation capacity of a heat pipe when the air temperature is high, and can stop radiating when the air temperature is low so as to achieve a better heat preservation effect.
According to the invention, the heat pipe is adopted to realize efficient heat collection and directional heat conduction, and heat is transferred to the edge or gap of the curtain wall to dissipate heat, so that the heat of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall or the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell is prevented from being transferred to the indoor side.
The automatic opening and closing valve adopts temperature memory alloy as a key component for controlling the opening and closing of the valve, and the actuator can generate directional expansion and contraction when the temperature changes, so that the valve rod is lifted or pressed down, the medium flow area of the cooling medium flow channel at the valve rod is changed, and the automatic opening and closing function is realized.
Meanwhile, by providing the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall with the automatic opening and closing passive cooling device of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall, the thin film battery is ensured to be in a stable temperature range, and the dual functions of efficiently generating electricity by utilizing solar energy and maintaining indoor illumination are realized; the automatic opening and closing passive cooling device can be manually adjusted by a worker according to seasons or environmental temperatures, for example, in hot seasons (such as summer or autumn), the cooling device is self-adaptively started, and heat is dissipated from the side surface of the curtain wall (the edge of the curtain wall or the gap between adjacent curtain walls), so that efficient cooling is realized; if in seasons with low temperature (such as spring or winter), the cooling device can be manually turned off by a worker, and cooling is not performed after the cooling device is turned off, and because the heat pipe has a phase change in a medium in the heat pipe under the action of the temperature, the medium has a certain temperature and cannot circulate, the indoor heat preservation can be performed, the indoor temperature is more suitable, and the energy consumption of indoor heating equipment (such as an air conditioner and the like) is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the self-opening and closing passive cooling device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the self-opening and closing valve according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the self-opening and closing valve according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the self-opening and self-closing valve according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a cross-shaped arrangement of heat pipes according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an arcuate arrangement of heat pipes according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a zigzag arrangement of heat pipes according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a heat pipe according to the present invention in a card-taking pin arrangement;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a heat pipe according to the present invention with a cross-section in a direction;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a heat pipe with a cross-section in the shape of an arched door according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a heat pipe according to the present invention in the shape of a collar in cross section;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of a translucent photovoltaic curtain wall according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall according to the present invention
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a medium flow circuit in a cooling medium circulation flow channel according to the present invention (the dotted line represents the flow direction of the gas working medium, and the solid line represents the flow direction of the droplet working medium);
FIG. 15 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a translucent photovoltaic curtain wall according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an outer layer of glass; 2. a semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cell; 3. a heat pipe; 4. a transparent back plate; 5. a frame; 31. a tooth-like structure; 32. a first capillary structure; 33. a second capillary structure; 34. a chamber; 35. an inner capillary structure; 36. a first tubular body; 37. a second tubular body; 51. a heat radiation fin; 52. a liquid storage tank; 53. The valve is opened and closed automatically; 54. a liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank; 55. a frame runner; 56. an air inlet; 531. a valve seat; 532. an actuator; 533. a pipe; 534. a valve stem 535, spool; 536. a through hole; 361. a first chamber; 371. an inner tube; 372. a second chamber; 373. a capillary structure; 521. a condensing chamber; 100. a heat sink; 200. and a cooling medium circulation passage.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As described in the background of the invention section,
BIPV is integrated with a photovoltaic building, and the photovoltaic technology is widely applied at present; some BIPVs adopt semitransparent film photovoltaic cells to combine with building glass, and the advantage of this is that can also light transmission when generating electricity, reduces the influence of photovoltaic to indoor daylighting.
But translucent BIPV will rise to higher temperatures through sun exposure when operated for a long period in summer. The high temperature can reduce the work efficiency and the service life of the thin film battery on one hand, and on the other hand, the comfort of the daily life of people in the building is reduced. The existing photovoltaic curtain wall can meet the self-cooling requirement through a cooling device, and the cooling device is mainly actively air-cooled or water-cooled. Although such devices are capable of achieving photovoltaic cooling, they themselves can adversely affect building comfort when the ambient temperature is low. For example, in cold winter, such devices can exacerbate adverse heat dissipation from the inside of a building to the outside, so that the heat preservation of the building is poor, the energy consumption is high, and the air-cooled or water-cooled device is large in size, so that light entering the room can be weakened, and the lighting of the building is poor. At the same time these devices require additional energy consumption (e.g. electrical energy because both the pump and the fan need to be powered), which makes the building running costs high.
For the above reasons, the present embodiment provides an automatic on-off passive cooling device of a semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall, the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall includes a semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cell, the automatic on-off passive cooling device includes a cooling mechanism having a cooling medium circulation channel 200 closely attached to a backlight side of the semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cell;
the cooling medium circulation channel 200 is used for collecting heat and conducting directional heat of the semi-transparent photovoltaic curtain wall, and the heat is generated by the semi-transparent photovoltaic curtain wall or/and the semi-transparent thin film photovoltaic cell;
an automatic opening and closing valve 53 is installed on the cooling medium circulation passage, and the automatic opening and closing valve 53 automatically closes or opens the cooling medium circulation passage 200 according to the ambient temperature.
Through the technical characteristics, the cooling structure can be automatically closed or opened according to the ambient temperature, when the cooling structure is used, the automatic opening and closing valve is automatically closed or opened after sensing the ambient temperature, after the automatic opening and closing valve is opened, cooling medium circulates to the cooling circulation channel after heat exchange is carried out by the cooling structure, and the cooling circulation channel is tightly attached to the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, so that heat exchange is carried out on the film photovoltaic cell, the cooling of the battery of the curtain wall is realized, and extra energy (such as electric energy) is not needed to be provided in the whole cooling process.
The cooling medium circulation channel can collect heat generated by the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall or/and the semitransparent film photovoltaic cells, and directionally conduct the heat to a designated position, wherein the designated position is a mounting position of the cooling structure (such as the edge of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall or a gap between adjacent semitransparent photovoltaic curtain walls), and after heat exchange between the cooling medium and the cooling structure, the cooling medium is recycled to the cooling medium circulation channel, and heat collection and directional heat conduction are performed on the photovoltaic curtain wall again.
The heat transfer to the indoor side of semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall or semitransparent film photovoltaic cell can be avoided through directional heat conduction, and simultaneously the adverse heat dissipation problem of the indoor side to the environment when the environment temperature is lower of traditional photovoltaic curtain wall heat abstractor is also overcome.
In order to realize that the automatic opening and closing valve controls the on-off of the cooling medium circulation channel according to the ambient temperature, in an embodiment, the automatic opening and closing valve at least comprises:
a spool acting on the cooling medium circulation passage; and
the actuator is connected with the valve column and drives the valve column to open and close the cooling medium circulation channel;
the actuator is a temperature memory alloy piece, the valve column is driven to move by sensing the temperature change form, and the medium flow area of the cooling medium circulation channel is changed by the movement of the valve column.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the self-opening and self-closing valve includes a valve seat 531, an actuator 532, and a conduit 533, as shown in fig. 2. The actuator 532 is located above the valve seat 531, a valve rod 534 is inserted into the actuator 532 and the valve seat 531, a valve column 535 is disposed at the bottom of the valve rod 534, the valve column 535 has a through hole 536, and the through hole 536 is matched with the pipe 533, as shown in fig. 3. The actuator 532 is made of a temperature memory alloy material, and when the temperature changes, the actuator 532 generates directional expansion and contraction, so as to raise or lower the valve rod 534. When the air temperature is high, the temperature memory alloy expands downwards to enable the valve rod 534 in the actuator 532 to move downwards, the valve column 535 is driven to move, the valve is opened, the pipeline 533 is communicated, and the cooling medium circulation channel is opened; when the air temperature is low, the temperature memory alloy contracts upwards to enable the valve rod 534 in the actuator 532 to move upwards, the valve column 535 is driven to move, the valve is closed, the pipeline 533 is not communicated, and the cooling medium circulation channel is closed.
In one embodiment, the on-off valve 53 may take other forms, as shown in FIG. 4. Fig. 4 is the same as fig. 2 in principle for two self-opening and closing valves. The self-opening and closing valve actuator 532 of fig. 4 is of a more compact dome-shaped design, is smaller and more space-efficient; however, the self-opening and closing valve 53 of fig. 4 is relatively complex to install and maintain, and the machining process of the actuator 532 is more complex, and the overall cost of the valve is higher.
To enhance the heat collection and directional conduction, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the cooling mechanism includes:
a plurality of heat pipes 3 closely attached to the backlight side of the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, and the flow passages of the heat pipes are mutually communicated to form a heat collecting unit with a cooling medium circulation channel 200; and
a heat sink 100 located above the heat collecting unit;
the heat dissipation part is respectively communicated with the outlet and the inlet of the cooling medium circulation channel, the medium enters the heat dissipation part after passing through the heat collection unit element, and the medium after heat dissipation is recycled to the heat collection part.
The technical characteristics are that a cooling medium circulation channel is formed by the heat pipe, heat is transferred by utilizing the principle of the heat pipe, and when the translucent film photovoltaic cell is used, heat generated during working is transferred to a liquid medium in the heat pipe. The liquid medium absorbs heat to generate phase change from liquid state to gas state; the gaseous medium enters the heat dissipation part to exchange heat, after the heat exchange, the gaseous medium is cooled and liquefied, the liquid flows back to the heat pipe again, and the next circulation is continued. The heat collection (heat absorption) of the semi-transparent photovoltaic curtain wall or/and the semi-transparent thin film photovoltaic cell is realized by adopting the principle of the heat pipe, and the heat is directionally transferred to a designated position for heat dissipation. The heat transfer to the indoor side of semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall or semitransparent film photovoltaic cell can be avoided through directional heat conduction, and simultaneously the adverse heat dissipation problem of the indoor side to the environment when the environment temperature is lower of traditional photovoltaic curtain wall heat abstractor is also overcome.
Meanwhile, the technical characteristics are that the self-opening and closing valve is combined with the traditional heat pipe, and the self-opening and closing valve is self-adaptively opened and closed through temperature. In the traditional photovoltaic cell cooling device design, the scheme adopting the active cooling mode needs to consume energy to control the opening and closing of the cooling device, and the scheme adopting the passive cooling mode cannot control the opening and closing of the cooling device. The technical characteristics are that the self-adaptive start-stop valve formed by adopting the temperature memory alloy is added in the traditional passive heat pipe cooling scheme, so that the effect of controlling the start-stop of the cooling device without extra energy consumption is achieved.
In traditional cooling device, many cooling device has adopted the scheme of arranging of large tracts of land and intensive heat dissipation pipeline to seek to realize good cooling effect, but do not consider indoor daylighting demand, lead to the application scene to receive the restriction. Therefore, in order to solve the problem and improve the cooling capacity of the heat pipe to the semi-transparent thin film photovoltaic cell, the density degree of the heat pipe is arranged according to the heating part or/and the heating value of the photovoltaic curtain wall, the heat pipe is arranged in a cross shape (shown in fig. 5), an arc shape (shown in fig. 6), a fold line shape (shown in fig. 7), a card taking needle shape (shown in fig. 8) or the like, the cooling capacity of the heat pipe to the semi-transparent thin film photovoltaic cell can be improved by adopting the arrangement, meanwhile, the problem that the heat pipe shields indoor light can be solved, and the blocking of excessive heat pipes or unreasonable arrangement to indoor light can be reduced by adopting the arrangement. The temperature distribution of the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell 2 during operation is characterized by middle high temperature and four sides low temperature. This temperature distribution characteristic causes non-uniform thermal deformation inside the battery, resulting in a shortened battery life. To solve this problem, the heat dissipation effect of the middle area of the semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cell 2 should be enhanced, that is, a heat pipe runner arrangement scheme with dense middle and sparse periphery is adopted.
In order to improve the cooling capacity of the heat pipe, in an embodiment, the cross section of the heat pipe 3 is square, arched, or ring pipe, wherein the curved design of the arched cross section can increase the effective heat dissipation area of the heat pipe 3, and has excellent heat bearing capacity. The characteristic of the annular pipe-shaped cross section of the interior of the heat pipe is that the characteristic can promote the realization of the regional flow of the gas-liquid working fluid, improve the circulation rate of the working fluid in the interior of the heat pipe and enable the heat dissipation process of the heat pipe 3 to be more efficient.
As shown in fig. 9, the inner side of the heat pipe is uniformly provided with a plurality of tooth-shaped structures 31, a first capillary structure 32 is disposed between the tooth-shaped structures 31, and a second capillary structure 33 is disposed outside the tooth-shaped structures 31. The heat pipe can guide liquid water from the condensing end to the evaporating end to absorb heat, so that the reflux rate of condensed working fluid is increased, the starting temperature of the heat pipe is reduced, and the thermal response rate and the anti-gravity effect of the heat pipe are improved.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 10, the cross section of the heat pipe 3 is arch-shaped, the chamber 34 is filled with working fluid, and the inner wall is provided with an inner capillary structure 35. The inner capillary structure 35 has larger unit area, can bear larger thermal power impact, has larger heat transfer quantity, and is beneficial to the heat dissipation of the whole cooling device.
Illustratively, the heat pipe 3 is in the shape of a collar in cross section as shown in fig. 11, and the structure thereof includes a first tubular body 36 and a second tubular body 37. The first chamber 361 and the working fluid are provided in the interlayer between the first tubular body 36 and the second tubular body 37. The second tubular body 37 is composed of an inner tube 371 and a capillary structure 373. The inner tube 371 is a hollow stent net structure, and is made of polymer net polymer. The inner tube 371 has a separate second chamber 372 inside. The capillary structure 373 is provided on the outer periphery of the inner tube 371. The working fluid absorbs heat at the evaporation end of the first tubular body 36 to form a vapor, which will enter the second chamber 372 and move toward the condensation end and condense into a liquid, which then flows back to the evaporation end through the capillary structure 372 on the outer circumference of the inner tube 371. When the heat pipe with the structure works, liquid-gas phase fluid circularly flows in a separation state, the flow resistance is low, and the heat exchange effect is good.
In an embodiment, the heat dissipation element comprises a medium accommodating part, a plurality of heat dissipation fins are arranged on the outer side of the medium accommodating part, a medium outlet of the medium accommodating part is communicated with an inlet of the cooling medium circulation channel, and a medium inlet of the medium accommodating part is communicated with an outlet of the cooling medium circulation channel; the medium accommodating portion and the cooling medium circulation passage are filled with a cooling medium.
The medium accommodating part is a liquid storage tank 52 or a structure with a liquid storage cavity, preferably, the medium accommodating cavity is the liquid storage tank 52, and a plurality of radiating fins are arranged on the liquid storage tank 52, as shown in fig. 12, the liquid storage tank is transversely arranged above the heat pipe, and in use, gaseous medium in the heat pipe enters the liquid storage tank 52 through the heat pipe. The liquid storage tank 52 absorbs the heat of the high-temperature gas medium and then the temperature rises, and the heat radiating fins 51 connected with the liquid storage tank 52 quickly transfer the heat to the outdoor air, so that the gas medium is cooled and liquefied; and an automatic opening and closing valve 53 installed at the liquid outlet 54 of the liquid storage tank is automatically opened after the tank body temperature rises.
Because of the space limitation, the liquid storage tank 52 is longitudinally installed, as shown in fig. 13, for example, two independent condensation chambers 521 may be additionally provided at two ends of the liquid storage tank 52 in the vertical direction, and the heat dissipation fins 51 may be welded to the outer wall surface of the condensation chambers 521. This alternative may be employed when the gap between the upper and lower photovoltaic curtain walls is narrower. In this case, the gap between the curtain walls can only accommodate the liquid storage tank with smaller volume, so the condensation chamber 521 is additionally arranged on the basis of the transverse installation scheme and is arranged on two sides of the curtain walls with more space.
The two arrangement modes of the liquid storage tank can evaporate heat conducted by the cooling medium circulation channel formed by the heat pipes at the gap or the edge of the light curtain wall.
In another embodiment, the invention also provides a semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall, which is formed by combining the automatic opening and closing passive cooling device, can ensure that the film battery works in a stable temperature range, can be used as a building material while realizing power generation, can realize automatic cooling in hot weather, and can be used for indoor heat preservation in cold weather.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 12-15, the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall comprises an outer layer glass 1, semitransparent film photovoltaic cells 2, an automatic opening and closing passive cooling device of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall, a transparent backboard 4 and a frame 5,
the outer layer glass 1 and the transparent back plate 4 are fixed on the frame 5, wherein the transparent back plate 4 is positioned on the backlight side of the outer layer glass 1;
the translucent thin-film photovoltaic cell 2 is fixed to the backlight side of the outer glass 1,
the cooling medium circulation channel of the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device is positioned between the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell and the transparent backboard and is clung to the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, the cooling mechanism of the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device is fixed on the frame, and the automatic-opening and closing valve is arranged at the joint of the cooling mechanism and the cooling medium circulation channel.
Through the technical characteristics, the film battery is ensured to be in a stable temperature range, and the dual functions of efficiently generating electricity by utilizing solar energy and maintaining indoor illumination are realized; the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device can be manually adjusted by a worker according to seasons or environmental temperatures, for example, the cooling device is adaptively started in a relatively hot season (such as summer or autumn), so that efficient cooling is realized; if in seasons with low temperature (such as spring or winter), the cooling device can be manually turned off by a worker, and the cooling device is not cooled after being turned off, and the medium in the heat pipe is subjected to phase change under the action of the temperature and cannot circulate, so that the indoor temperature is kept, the indoor temperature is more suitable, and the energy consumption of indoor heating equipment (such as an air conditioner and the like) is reduced.
Meanwhile, the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall is composed of glass, a transparent backboard and semitransparent film photovoltaic cells, so that the photovoltaic curtain wall has a light transmission function, and enough indoor lighting is ensured; meanwhile, the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall is provided with the automatic opening and closing passive cooling device, and the heat preservation function of the curtain wall can be realized.
As shown in fig. 12-15, the outer glass 1, the semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cells 2, the heat pipes 3 and the transparent back plate 4 of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall are arranged in sequence in the outdoor-to-indoor direction. First, the translucent thin-film photovoltaic cell 2 is attached to the side of the outer glass 1 facing the room by gluing. The heat pipe 3 is closely attached to the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell 2, and a heat conducting medium is filled in the contact surface of the heat pipe 3 and the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell 2. The heat pipe 3 is welded with the frame 5, and the flow channel of the heat pipe 3 is communicated with the frame flow channel 55. The frame 5 is fixed in its position by being adhesively connected to the outer glass 1 and the transparent back plate 4. The transparent back plate 4 is provided with a groove, and is adhered to the side of the semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cell 2 and the heat pipe 3 facing the room by gluing. The heat radiating fins 51 are welded to the outer surface of the liquid storage tank 52. The liquid outlet 54 of the liquid storage tank 52 is connected with an automatic opening and closing valve 53. The self-opening and closing valve 53 is connected with the frame flow passage 55. The air inlet 56 is directly communicated with the frame flow channel, wherein the liquid outlet 54 is lower than the air inlet 56, so that a liquid phase medium (or working medium) can enter a cooling medium circulation channel under the action of gravity, and the cooling can be realized without additional power medium.
Meanwhile, for the stability of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall, transparent materials are filled in the gaps between the semitransparent film photovoltaic cells and the heat pipes and the gaps between the adjacent heat pipes; therefore, the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall can also have a sound insulation effect.
The working principle of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain is as follows: the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell 2 is attached to the indoor side of the outer glass 1 and converts solar energy into electric energy. The heat pipe 3 is attached to the indoor side of the semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cell 2, and transfers heat generated during operation of the cell to a liquid medium in the heat pipe. The liquid medium absorbs heat to change phase, and the liquid medium changes into gas. Gaseous medium enters the reservoir 52 through the rim flow channel 55 and the inlet port 56. The liquid storage tank 52 absorbs heat of the high-temperature gas medium and then increases in temperature. The heat radiating fins 51 connected to the liquid storage tank 52 rapidly transfer heat to the air outside, so that the gaseous medium is cooled down and liquefied. An automatic opening and closing valve 53 installed at the liquid outlet 54 of the liquid storage tank is automatically opened after the tank body temperature rises. Under the action of gravity, the liquid medium in the tank enters the heat pipe 3 to continue the next circulation through the liquid outlet 54, the automatic opening and closing valve 53 and the frame flow channel 55. The transparent back plate 4 mounted on the side of the heat pipe 3 facing the room can fix and protect the heat pipe 3 and the like.
Meanwhile, after the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall is installed in a building, if in seasons with low temperature (such as spring or winter), workers can manually close the cooling device and do not cool after closing the cooling device, and due to the fact that the medium in the heat pipe is subjected to phase change under the action of the temperature, the heat pipe has a certain temperature and cannot circulate, the indoor temperature can be kept warm, the indoor temperature is more suitable, and the energy consumption of indoor heating equipment (such as an air conditioner and the like) is reduced.
The working medium flow loop in the cooling medium circulation channel is shown in fig. 14, a dotted line represents the flow direction of the gas working medium, and a solid line represents the flow direction of the droplet working medium. The liquid medium in the liquid storage tank 52 flows out from the liquid discharge port 54. When the temperature of the battery rises, the automatic opening and closing valve 53 is opened, and the liquid working medium enters the top of the frame flow channel 55. A part of the liquid working medium directly flows into each heat pipe 3 from top to bottom from the top of the frame flow channel 55. The residual liquid working medium flows from the two sides of the frame flow channel to the bottom of the frame flow channel from top to bottom. The capillary structure in the heat pipe 3 can make the liquid working medium at the bottom of the frame flow channel 55 flow from bottom to top against gravity. The liquid working medium entering the heat pipe 3 absorbs heat from the semitransparent thin film photovoltaic cells 2 and the transparent back plate 4 and then evaporates into gas. The gas working medium flows out from the top of the heat pipe 3, enters the top of the frame flow channel 55, flows into the upper part of the liquid storage tank 52 through the air inlet 56, is condensed into liquid after releasing heat on the inner wall surface of the tank, flows downwards and is converged at the bottom of the liquid storage tank 52.
Illustratively, the outer layer glass 1 material is tempered glass; the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell 2 is a perovskite photovoltaic cell; the material of the heat pipe 3 is copper; the transparent backboard 4 is made of transparent organic glass; the frame 5 is made of aluminum, the radiating fins 51 are made of copper, and the main material of the self-opening and closing valve 53 is stainless steel. Firstly, the frame 5 is assembled, the radiating fins 51 are welded on the outer surface of the liquid storage tank 52, the liquid outlet 54 of the liquid storage tank 52 is connected with the automatic opening and closing valve 53 through bolts, and the automatic opening and closing valve 53 is connected with the frame runner 55 through bolts. When the photovoltaic cell is integrally assembled, firstly, the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell 2 is adhered to one side of the outer glass 1 facing the indoor by adopting hot melt adhesive; filling heat conduction silicone oil into the contact surface of the heat pipe 3 and the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell 2; the transparent backboard 4 is adhered to the indoor side of the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell 2 and the heat pipe 3 by gluing; finally, the heat pipe 3 is welded with the frame 5, and the frame 5 is glued with the outer layer glass 1 and the surrounding area of the transparent back plate 4 by adopting hot melt adhesive.
The automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device has the advantages of high reliability, good heat dissipation effect and easy installation. When the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device works, substances or energy is not required to be input from outside, the cooling effect can be regulated and controlled according to the temperature only by means of the structure of the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device, the photovoltaic cell is guaranteed to be at a stable temperature in the power generation process, the photovoltaic cell can be enabled to be under a stable power generation working condition, and the service life of the battery can be prolonged. In addition, the heat pipe arrangement mode adopted by the device in the scheme has small shading area, and can ensure enough indoor illumination while generating power.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The self-opening and closing passive cooling device of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall comprises a semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, and the self-opening and closing passive cooling device comprises a cooling mechanism and is characterized in that: the cooling mechanism is provided with a cooling medium circulation channel which is clung to the backlight side of the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, the cooling medium circulation channel is used for collecting heat and directionally conducting heat of the semitransparent film photovoltaic curtain wall, and the heat is generated by the semitransparent film photovoltaic curtain wall or/and the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell;
an automatic opening and closing valve is arranged on the cooling medium circulation channel, and the automatic opening and closing valve automatically closes or opens the cooling medium circulation channel according to the ambient temperature.
2. The self-opening and closing passive cooling device of a semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: the automatic opening and closing valve at least comprises:
a spool acting on the cooling medium circulation passage; and
the actuator is connected with the valve column and drives the valve column to open and close the cooling medium circulation channel;
the actuator is a temperature memory alloy piece, the valve column is driven to move by sensing the temperature change form, and the medium flow area of the cooling medium circulation channel is changed by the movement of the valve column.
3. The self-opening and closing passive cooling device of a semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling mechanism includes:
a plurality of heat pipes which are clung to the backlight side of the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, and the flow passages of the heat pipes are mutually communicated to form a heat collecting unit with a cooling medium circulation channel; and
a heat sink located above the heat collecting unit;
the heat dissipation part is respectively communicated with the outlet and the inlet of the cooling medium circulation channel, the medium enters the heat dissipation part after passing through the heat collection unit element, and the medium after heat dissipation is recycled to the heat collection part.
4. The self-opening and closing passive cooling device of a translucent photovoltaic curtain wall of claim 3, wherein: the heat dissipation part comprises a medium accommodating part, a plurality of heat dissipation fins are arranged on the outer side of the medium accommodating part, a medium outlet of the medium accommodating part is communicated with an inlet of the cooling medium circulation channel, and a medium inlet of the medium accommodating part is communicated with an outlet of the cooling medium circulation channel;
the medium accommodating portion and the cooling medium circulation passage are filled with a cooling medium.
5. The self-opening and closing passive cooling device of a translucent photovoltaic curtain wall of claim 3, wherein: the density degree of the heat pipes in the heat collection unit is arranged according to the heating part or/and the heating value of the photovoltaic curtain wall, and the heat pipes are arranged in a cross shape, or an arc shape, or a fold shape, or a card taking needle shape.
6. The self-opening and closing passive cooling device of a translucent photovoltaic curtain wall of claim 3, wherein: the cross section of the heat pipe is rectangular, a toothed structure extending along the medium flowing direction is arranged on at least one inner side surface of the heat pipe, a first capillary structure is arranged between adjacent toothed structures, and a second capillary structure is arranged on the outer wall of each toothed structure.
7. The self-opening and closing passive cooling device of a translucent photovoltaic curtain wall of claim 3, wherein: the cross section of the heat pipe is arch-shaped, the interior of the heat pipe is provided with a cavity filled with working fluid, and an inner capillary structure is arranged between the cavity and the inner wall of the heat pipe.
8. The self-opening and closing passive cooling device of a translucent photovoltaic curtain wall of claim 3, wherein: the cross section of the heat pipe is in a ring pipe shape, the heat pipe comprises a first tubular body and a second tubular body, a first cavity filled with working fluid is formed between the first tubular body and the second tubular body, the second tubular body comprises a hollow bracket net-shaped inner pipe, an outer wall capillary structure is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the inner pipe, and a second cavity filled with working fluid is formed in the inner pipe.
9. The self-opening and closing passive cooling device of a semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall according to claim 4 wherein: the medium accommodating part is arranged transversely or longitudinally.
10. Semitransparent photovoltaic curtain, its characterized in that: comprising an outer layer glass, a semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, a self-opening and closing passive cooling device of the semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall, a transparent backboard and a frame,
the outer layer glass and the transparent backboard are fixed on the frame, wherein the transparent backboard is positioned on the backlight side of the outer layer glass;
the translucent thin-film photovoltaic cell is fixed to the backlight side of the outer glass,
the cooling medium circulation channel of the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device is positioned between the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell and the transparent backboard and is clung to the semitransparent film photovoltaic cell, the cooling mechanism of the automatic-opening and closing passive cooling device is fixed on the frame, and the automatic-opening and closing valve is arranged at the joint of the cooling mechanism and the cooling medium circulation channel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311551355.5A CN117595782A (en) | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 | Self-opening and closing passive cooling device of semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall and semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311551355.5A CN117595782A (en) | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 | Self-opening and closing passive cooling device of semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall and semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117595782A true CN117595782A (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311551355.5A Pending CN117595782A (en) | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 | Self-opening and closing passive cooling device of semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall and semitransparent photovoltaic curtain wall |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117595782A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-11-21 CN CN202311551355.5A patent/CN117595782A/en active Pending
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