CN117591960B - Wild animal ecological corridor evaluation method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wild animal protection, and discloses a wild animal ecological corridor evaluation method and system, which specifically comprise the following steps: obtaining migration data of different wild animal species in a wild animal living area, wherein the migration data comprise distribution probability of the different wild animal species in the wild animal living area, and constructing an ecological corridor of the wild animal living area according to the migration data; performing connectivity analysis based on the constructed ecological corridor; evaluating an ecological corridor of a living area of the wild animal according to connectivity analysis; according to the invention, the real-time monitoring necklace data is introduced on the basis of the field investigation acquisition data, the accuracy of species classification model calculation can be effectively improved by adding the necklace data, the ecological corridor can be more accurately constructed, the error of ecological corridor connectivity analysis is reduced, and the influence of wild dynamic habitat fragmentation is finally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wild animal protection, in particular to a wild animal ecological corridor evaluation method and system.
Background
The construction of the expressway has the barrier effect on the migration of wild animals, the negative effects on the occupation and damage of habitat of the wild animals and the like, and the construction of a green traffic corridor and the construction of an ecological traffic network are unprecedented. In order to ensure the coordinated development of road engineering construction and biodiversity protection and realize the long-term protection of wild animals, more and more scholars combine the geographic information technology to develop related works such as wild animal habitat evaluation, road ecology influence domain research, wild animal channel monitoring and evaluation, wild animal road avoidance distance research, ecological corridor construction, wild animal channel design and the like. The research on the barrier effect of the road on the wild animals is very lack, the analysis is not carried out from the quantitative angle, and the barrier influence degree of the road on the wild animals cannot be scientifically evaluated, so that the construction of the wild animal channels is guided; the analysis based on habitat connectivity is lacking in wild animal channel site selection, tracking monitoring based on a wild animal moving route is lacking, and scientificity is not enough;
in the prior art, the ecological resistance value is calculated to be 1-P through species distribution probability, the ecological corridor is obtained by minimum accumulated resistance value between adjacent ecological source lands, and the obstructing value is directly calculated only according to species distribution, so that inaccurate calculation results are easily caused, the constructed ecological corridor is inaccurate, the connectivity analysis of the ecological corridor is error, and finally the influence of wild habitat fragmentation is not improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a wild animal ecological corridor evaluation method and system, and the ecological corridor is constructed according to an ecological resistance value and an ecological source land so as to analyze the wild animal habitat connectivity and improve the scientificity on the premise of ensuring the improvement of the numerical accuracy.
The invention provides a method for evaluating an ecological corridor of a wild animal, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, migration data of different wild animal species in a wild animal living area are obtained, wherein the migration data comprise distribution probabilities of the different wild animal species in the wild animal living area;
s2, constructing an ecological corridor of a living area of the wild animal according to the migration data;
step S3, carrying out connectivity analysis based on the ecological corridor constructed in the step S2;
and S4, evaluating the ecological corridor of the living area of the wild animal according to connectivity analysis.
Further, the step S1 of obtaining the distribution probability of different wild animal species in the migration data of the living area of the wild animal specifically includes the following steps:
step S11, acquiring distribution point location data of different wild animal species, wherein the distribution point location data refers to the distribution quantity of the different wild animal species at different distribution positions in a living area of the wild animal;
step S12, acquiring collar data of different wild animal species, wherein the collar data refers to positions of the different wild animal species and migration paths of the different wild animal species obtained by wearing a collar transmitter on the different wild animal species;
and S13, inputting the distribution point location data and the collar data into a species classification model to obtain the distribution probability of different wild animal species.
Further, in the step S2, an ecological corridor of a living area of the wild animal is constructed according to the migration data, which specifically includes the following steps:
step S21, determining ecological source places in living areas of wild animals according to the migration data;
step S22, calculating an ecological resistance value of the ecological source land according to the migration data;
and S23, determining an ecological resistance value under each migration path of the wild animal species according to the ecological resistance value of the ecological source land, and constructing an ecological corridor between the ecological source lands on the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value.
Further, the calculating of the ecological resistance value of the ecological source in the step S22 specifically includes the following steps:
step S221, determining road blocking effect indexes of different wild animal species in a wild animal living area;
step S222, calculating the ecological resistance values of different wild animal species in the living areas of the wild animals according to the distribution probability and the road barrier effect index.
Further, the step S221 of determining the road blocking effect index of the wild animal species in the living area of the wild animal specifically includes the following steps:
step S2211, obtaining road information in a living area of a wild animal, wherein the road information comprises road grade and road weight;
step S2212, determining the total length of the road at each road level according to the road information in step S2211;
step S2213, determining avoidance distances of different wild animal species under different road grades according to the road information in step S2211;
step S2214, calculating road blocking effect indexes of different wild animal species according to the road information, the total road length under each road level, the avoidance distances of different wild animal species under different road levels, and the distribution probabilities of different wild animal species.
Further, the road blocking effect index in the step S2214 is:
；
wherein: i is road barrier effect index, n is road grade in wild animal living area, a i For the road weight and L under the road of class i in the living area of wild animals i For the total length and D of the road under the class i road in the living area of the wild animals i The method is characterized in that the method is the avoidance distance of different wild animal species under the road of class i in the wild animal living area, M is the wild animal living area, P is the distribution probability of different wild animal species in the road of class i in the wild animal living area and the surrounding environment.
Further, the ecological resistance values of different wild animal species in the living area of the wild animal are:
；
wherein j is the species of different wild animals,the ecological resistance value of the living area of the wild animals of the j types is represented by I, the road blocking effect index is represented by P, and the distribution probability of different wild animal types in the road under the road of class I in the living area of the wild animals and the surrounding environment of the road.
Further, in the step S3, connectivity analysis is performed based on the ecological corridor constructed in the step S2, which specifically includes the following steps:
step S31, extracting ecological pinch points between the ecological source lands of the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value, wherein the ecological pinch points refer to ecological areas with the distribution quantity of wild animal species between the ecological source lands higher than a preset value;
step S32, obtaining the distribution probability of different wild animal species at ecological pinch points between the ecological source lands of the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value;
step S33, extracting ecological barrier points between the ecological source lands of the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value, wherein the ecological barrier points refer to ecological areas with the distribution quantity of wild animal species between the ecological source lands lower than a preset value;
step S34, obtaining regional scores of different positions at the ecological barrier points;
and S35, analyzing connectivity of the ecological corridor according to the distribution probabilities of different wild animal species at the ecological pinch points and the regional scores of different positions at the ecological barrier points.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wild animal ecological corridor evaluating system for use in the above-described method for evaluating ecological resistance value of living areas of wild animals, comprising the following modules:
and a data acquisition module: the method comprises the steps of obtaining migration data of different wild animal species in a wild animal living area;
the construction module comprises: the ecological corridor is connected with the data acquisition module and used for constructing an ecological corridor of a living area of the wild animal;
and an analysis module: the ecological gallery is connected with the construction module and used for carrying out connectivity analysis on the ecological gallery;
and an evaluation module: the analysis module is connected with the ecological corridor and used for evaluating the ecological corridor;
ecological corridor model: the analysis module is connected with the data acquisition module and is used for inputting analysis data to obtain a verification result;
and the verification result output module is used for: the analysis module is connected with the ecological corridor model and used for inputting the analysis result of the analysis module into the trained ecological corridor model and outputting the ecological corridor verification result.
The embodiment of the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the method, the ecological resistance value is obtained based on the road blocking coefficient, and the ecological corridor is constructed according to the ecological resistance value and the ecological source land, so that the wild animal habitat connectivity is analyzed on the premise of ensuring that the numerical accuracy is improved, and the scientificity is improved.
2. According to the invention, the real-time monitoring necklace data is introduced on the basis of the field investigation acquisition data, the accuracy of species classification model calculation can be effectively improved by adding the necklace data, the ecological corridor can be more accurately constructed, the error of ecological corridor connectivity analysis is reduced, and the influence of wild dynamic habitat fragmentation is finally improved.
3. According to the species distribution probability, the road grade, the roads under different road grades, the road weights and the road avoidance distances, the road avoidance distances of different wild animal species are calculated, the ecological resistance values of different wild animals are calculated through the species distribution probability and the road avoidance distances, more accurate ecological resistance values are obtained, and the influence of wild animal habitat fragmentation is reduced.
4. The ecological resistance value is built based on the road blocking effect index, initial attempts from qualitative to quantitative are made, and the crushing effect on the wild animal habitat is considered from the road network point of view; when different roads are developed and researched, systematic research is carried out on different grades of roads, different road sections, whether the roads are closed or not, and the like, and the different blocking effects of important road sections on wild animals are considered in all aspects, so that the calculated blocking effect index is more accurate, and a more definite guiding effect can be provided when the actual roads are reconstructed and expanded, road network planning and wild animal channels are laid and ecological corridor construction is carried out.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating ecological corridor of wild animals provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of ecological corridor construction in a wild animal ecological corridor evaluation method provided by the embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of ecological corridor connectivity analysis in the method for evaluating ecological corridor of wild animals provided in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a Tibetan antelope ecological pinch point analysis chart in application of the method for evaluating the ecological corridor of the wild animal provided in the embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an analysis chart of the ecological barrier points of Tibetan antelope in the application of the method for evaluating the ecological corridor of wild animals provided in the embodiment 1 of the invention;
fig. 6 is a verification analysis chart of a typical road section Tibetan antelope ecological corridor in the application of the wild animal ecological corridor evaluation method provided in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of a wild animal ecological corridor evaluation system provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
In the case of example 1,
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating ecological galleries of wild animals provided in embodiment 1 of the invention. Referring to fig. 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, migration data of different wild animal species in a wild animal living area are obtained.
In the embodiment, the migration activities of different wild animal species are researched by utilizing the positioning and tracking technology of the Argos satellite system, and a remote sensing data set of the complete migration process of the different wild animal species is obtained, wherein the remote sensing data set comprises migration routes of the different wild animal species in a wild animal living area, distribution probability of the different wild animal species in the wild animal living area, distribution positions of the different wild animal species in the wild animal living area, distribution quantity of the different wild animal species in the wild animal living area and the like. Preprocessing the data, removing the data on two sides of a road, and repeating redundant data to obtain preprocessed data which is used for calculating a species classification model;
in addition, the method for acquiring the distribution probability of different wild animal species in migration data of a living area of a wild animal specifically comprises the following steps:
step S11, acquiring distribution point location data of different wild animal species, wherein the distribution point location data refers to the distribution quantity of the different wild animal species at different distribution positions in a living area of the wild animal;
for the scattered species, designing sample lines for a plurality of road grades, wherein the length of each sample line is 10km, recording the name, the number, the type and the geographic position information of the species by finding out species entities or traces on two sides of a road, superposing the species distribution number obtained preliminarily with a grid area according to the species distribution number, eliminating the number of repeated points, and screening to obtain the distribution number of 107 Tibetan donkeys and the distribution number of 73 Tibetan original antelopes;
step S12, acquiring collar data of different wild animal species, wherein the collar data refers to positions of the different wild animal species and migration paths of the different wild animal species obtained by wearing a collar transmitter on the different wild animal species;
in the embodiment, the Tibetan antelope Sanjiang source population near the cocoa-Sieli channel in Sanjiang source region is selected as a research object, 10 female Tibetan antelope wearing necklace transmitters are utilized by an Argos satellite system, and the Tibetan antelope migration process is tracked in real time by a satellite positioning tracking technology, so that the necklace data of the Tibetan antelope are obtained, and the reality and the reliability of the necklace data can be ensured;
in addition, the embodiment can be used for constructing a species classification model by downloading environmental factor data of the survival area of the Saigan three river source population in a database, so that a more accurate calculation result can be conveniently obtained;
step S13, inputting the distribution point location data and the collar data into a species classification model to obtain distribution probabilities of different wild animal species;
step S213, inputting the distribution point location data and the collar data into a species classification model to obtain the distribution probability of different wild animal species;
a species classification model is constructed, wherein the species classification model is a MaxEnt model and is used for analyzing the proper degree distribution situation of different wild animal species habitat in a Sanjiang source region, the environmental factor data, the distribution point position data and the collar data are input into the trained MaxEnt model for prediction, so that the proper habitat distribution data of the Tibetan antelope three-river source population in the Sanjiang source region are obtained, the prediction result of the MaxEnt model is represented by a probability value of 0-1, namely the existing probability value is used for representing the proper degree of the species distribution in the distribution region, wherein 0 represents inappropriateness, 1 represents very proper, the predicted final result is imported into an ArcGIS for proper grade division and visual expression, the habitat is divided into four grades, the classification is performed according to the proper indexes of the three-river source habitat data by using a classification method, namely 0.00-0.10 is a non-proper area, 0.10-0.30 is a low-proper area, 0.30-0.50 is an edge proper area, 0.50-0.70 is a proper area, 1-1.70 is a proper area, and simultaneously, the optimal probability value is obtained by the wild species distribution map in the different wild animal species habitat region is obtained by the different wild animal species in the different wild species habitat region, and the different wild animal species are obtained by the different wild animal species in the different wild species;
according to the embodiment, the necklace data of the Tibetan antelope three river source population are added, and the distribution point position data obtained through the actual investigation are combined through the necklace data, so that the subsequent calculation of species distribution probability and ecological corridor channeling analysis and even the verification of the ecological corridor are obviously improved in terms of result accuracy, and compared with the prior art, the result obtained by the method has stronger credibility.
And S2, constructing an ecological corridor of a living area of the wild animal according to the migration data.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of ecological corridor construction in the method for evaluating ecological corridor of wild animals provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S21, determining ecological source places in living areas of wild animals according to the migration data;
in the embodiment, a MaxEnt model is adopted to evaluate the proper habitat of the Tibetan antelope three river source population in the three river source region, and the ecological source region of the three river source region is determined by combining the proper habitat with the Argos collar data kernel density analysis result based on the Tibetan antelope habitat suitability analysis result;
the kernel density analysis is a space statistical analysis method, which is used for analyzing and visualizing space data, the collar data in the embodiment estimates the probability density function value of any point through the kernel density function as the kernel density analysis result, and the kernel density analysis is the prior art, and is not described in detail here;
step S22, calculating an ecological resistance value of the ecological source land according to the migration data;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S221, determining road blocking effect indexes of different wild animal species in a wild animal living area;
step S2211, obtaining road information in a living area of a wild animal, wherein the road information comprises road grade and road weight;
acquiring road network data in a Sanjiang source region through an open street map (OpenStreetMap, OSM), wherein the road network data consists of roads of various grades in the Sanjiang source region, and each grade road comprises a road name, a road number, a road type, a road length, whether the road is a bridge, whether the road is a tunnel or not and the like;
the different road grades are classified according to road types, including: railway, highway, bridge, tunnel; in this embodiment, the assignment range of the road weight is positioned to be 0-1, the closer to 0, the smaller the blocking effect of the road of the current grade on different wild animal types is, in particular, the tunnel works slow down the fragmentation of the wild animal habitat, so that the blocking influence degree of the tunnel on the wild animal is minimum, the road weight of the tunnel is assigned to be 0, the railway has the maximum blocking effect due to complete closure, and the road weight of the railway is assigned to be 1;
in this embodiment, the roads in different road classes are classified according to road categories, including: expressways, primary highways, secondary highways, tertiary highways, and quaternary highways; the primary roads are classified according to road widths and comprise single primary roads and double primary roads; the secondary roads are classified according to the road frame, and comprise a single secondary road and a double secondary road; the three-level roads are classified according to road frame, and comprise a single-level three-level road and a double-level three-level road; the double-width road is an integral roadbed of a central separation zone, the split roadbed is defined as the double-width road, and the integral roadbed and the split roadbed which are both double-width roads are temporarily not distinguished;
the expressway has the maximum complete sealing and blocking effects, and the road weight of the expressway is assigned to be 1; the side slopes on two sides of the separated roadbed need to occupy the land, the wild animals only need to pass through the roadbed once, the barrier effect of the double-width highway is larger than that of the single-width highway, and for this reason, the road weight is given to the primary highway, the secondary highway, the tertiary highway and the quaternary highway with the frames, specifically: the road weight of the single primary road is 0.8; the road weight of the double-amplitude primary road is 1; the road weight of the single-amplitude secondary road is 0.5; the road weight of the double-amplitude secondary road is 0.6; the road weight of the single three-level highway is 0.3; the road weight of the double-amplitude three-level road is 0.4; the road weight of the four-level highway is 0.25;
in this embodiment, the bridges in the road class are classified according to spans, including: medium-small bridges, large bridges and extra-large bridges; the medium-small bridges are classified according to road widths, and comprise single-width medium-small bridges and double-width medium-small bridges; the bridges are classified according to road widths, and comprise single-width bridges and double-width bridges;
because the porous span total length of the super bridge is larger than 1000, the crossing of ungulates such as Tibetan donkey, tibetan antelope and the like can be met, the blocking influence on wild animals is small, and the road weight of the super bridge is 0; for a bridge section of a double-amplitude separated roadbed, ungulates need to continuously pass through, the barrier effect is more obvious than that of a single amplitude, and for this reason, road weights are given to the bridges with the frames, and the road weights of the small and medium bridges in the single amplitude are 0.2; the road weight of the double-amplitude middle-small bridge is 0.25; the road weight of the single bridge is 0.1; the road weight of the double-amplitude bridge is 0.15;
step S2212, determining the total length of the road at each road level according to the road information in step S2211;
in this embodiment, the road length under each road class acquired by the open street map is the total road length;
step S2213, determining avoidance distances of different wild animal species under different road grades according to the road information in step S2211;
recording the species name, the species number and the species type when species entities or species traces are found on two sides of different roads under different road grades; measuring the vertical distance between different wild animal species and the road under different road grades, screening out the maximum vertical distance and the minimum vertical distance between different wild animals and the road, and calculating an average value through the maximum vertical distance and the minimum vertical distance to determine the avoidance distance of different wild animals to the road under different road grades;
step S2214, calculating road blocking effect indexes of different wild animal species according to the road information, the total road length under each road level, the avoidance distances of different wild animal species under different road levels and the distribution probability of different wild animal species;
the road blocking effect index is:
；
wherein: i is road barrier effect index, n is road grade in wild animal living area, a i For the road weight and L under the road of class i in the living area of wild animals i Is the wildTotal road length D under class i road in living area of living animal i The method is characterized in that the method is that the avoidance distances of different wild animal species under the road of class i in a wild animal living area, M is the wild animal living area, P is the distribution probability of different wild animal species in the road of class i in the wild animal living area and the surrounding environment;
step S222, calculating ecological resistance values of different wild animal species in the living areas of the wild animals according to the distribution probability and the road barrier effect index;
the ecological resistance values of different wild animal species in the living areas of wild animals are as follows:
；
wherein j is the species of different wild animals,the ecological resistance value of the living area of the wild animals of the j types is I, the road blocking effect index is I, and P is the distribution probability of different wild animal types in the road under the road of the class I in the living area of the wild animals and the surrounding environment of the road;
s23, determining an ecological resistance value under each migration path of a wild animal species according to the ecological resistance value of the ecological source land, and constructing an ecological corridor between the ecological source lands on the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value;
the ecological resistance value under each migration path of the wild animal species is determined according to the ecological resistance value of the ecological source land, an ecological corridor is constructed between the ecological source lands on the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value, the rationality and the effectiveness of construction of the ecological corridor can be ensured, and when the position and the design of the corridor are selected, the ecological resistance value of the ecological source land needs to be considered, and an area with a lower ecological resistance value is selected for construction so as to reduce the interference and the damage to an ecological system.
And step S3, carrying out connectivity analysis based on the ecological corridor constructed in the step S2.
Based on a circuit theory, abstracting biological flow into current, combining with a Ciruitscape4.0.7 plug-in, and extracting ecological pinch points and ecological Barrier points from ArcGIS software by adopting Pinchpoint Mapper of a Linkage map 3.0 and a Barrier map tool for ecological gallery connectivity analysis;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of ecological corridor connectivity analysis in the method for evaluating ecological corridor of wild animals provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention. Referring to fig. 3, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S31, extracting ecological pinch points between the ecological source lands of the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value, wherein the ecological pinch points refer to ecological areas with the distribution quantity of wild animal species between the ecological source lands higher than a preset value;
specifically, the wild animal species at the ecological pinch point has a special ecological status in the ecological system, a close ecological relationship is formed with other wild animal species, the living area of the wild animal is defined as the ecological pinch point, and the species distribution probability of the area is higher; the Pinchpoint Mapper tool extracts ecological pinch points on a migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value through current analysis;
step S32, obtaining the distribution probability of different wild animal species at ecological pinch points between the ecological source lands of the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value;
pinchpoint Mapper the tool has two modes of an adjacent ecological source-to-ground single-channel current pinch point region and an all ecological source-to-ground current pinch point region, and the adjacent ecological source-to-ground single-channel current pinch point region is selected as an ecological pinch point, wherein the intercepting width step length of the cost weighting corridor is set to 2500;
calculating the current density value of the ecological pinch point region through a species distribution model, wherein the number of the species passing through the region, namely the probability of the species appearing in the ecological pinch point region, wherein the larger the distribution probability at the ecological pinch point is, the larger the current density value of the current region is, the smaller the obstruction of the current region to wild animals is, and the current region is worth being concerned with and protected;
step S33, extracting ecological barrier points between the ecological source lands of the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value, wherein the ecological barrier points refer to ecological areas with the distribution quantity of wild animal species between the ecological source lands lower than a preset value;
the preset value of the ecological area refers to the distribution probability of different wild animal species in the wild animal distribution area calculated according to the species classification model; the selection of the ecological barrier points is related to the detection radius of the ecological barrier points, the setting of the detection radius of the ecological barrier points is particularly important, the view local characteristics mask the whole characteristics due to the fact that the numerical value is too small, and the generated images are discontinuous; if the numerical value is too large, details are lost, and image blurring is generated;
step S34, obtaining regional scores of different positions at the ecological barrier points;
selecting a detection radius with stable pixel change and good effect as an ecological barrier point calculation parameter, and inputting the detection radius into ArcGIS software to calculate regional scores; the Barrier Mapper tool can detect important barriers/barriers affecting the channel quality, and can respectively detect node area scores with high improvement scores and node area scores with relatively high original connection by selecting a weighted corridor distance LCD percentage option with the improvement scores being relatively lowest in ArcGIS software;
step S35, analyzing connectivity of the ecological corridor according to distribution probabilities of different wild animal species at the ecological pinch points and regional scores of different positions at the ecological barrier points;
the larger the distribution probability at the ecological pinch points is, the more important the current area should be; when the improvement score is higher, the node region score indicates that the region can be repaired to better promote the connectivity of the channel, and the improvement score is higher in relative percentage, indicates that the channel of the region has better connectivity originally.
S4, evaluating an ecological corridor of a living area of the wild animal according to connectivity analysis;
the Tibetan antelope habitat high-suitability area is mainly distributed in a line area of the Qinghai-Tibet highway K2920-K3000, and by combining with the data kernel density analysis result of the Argos collar, 9 ecological source areas are identified from the Tibetan antelope habitat high-suitability area, 1 is positioned near the Tibetan antelope litter and Zuo lake, 4 is positioned between the Qinghai-Tibet railway and S308, the rest 4 is positioned in an eastern area of S308, and a road network to Tibetan antelope blocking effect index I is constructed based on a road blocking influence area, a species to road avoidance distance and regional species distribution; obtaining a Tibetan antelope ecological resistance surface 1-P+I according to the suitability of a Tibetan antelope habitat and the road network blocking effect, wherein the lake water surface and the road network show higher resistance values; according to the analysis result of the ecological corridor, the Tibetan antelope in the research area mainly passes through the Qinghai-Tibet highway/Qinghai-Tibet railway from 3 places: the area A is a road Tibetan antelope passage bridge, a gentle slope roadbed along the line, a railway five-north bridge and a railway five-track girder super bridge; region b—highway Chu Maer river bridge, railway Chu Maer river bridge, railway cacao ci1# 2 super bridge; region C-railway clear water river super bridge. The gallery cost weighting distance of the area B is minimum, and the area A is relatively large;
the area of investigation region road along which gallery current density is relatively high has mainly 3: wherein 2 (A, B) is respectively positioned in the line area of the five-north bridge and the Chu Maer river bridge of the Qinghai-Tibet railway/Qinghai-Tibet highway, and the other D is positioned in the section S308K 488-K495, and the current density value at the 3 positions is high, which indicates that the section is an area worth focusing on and protecting, as shown in fig. 4; the region with higher improvement score of the existing corridor is concentrated on the sections of the Qinghai-Tibet highways K2954-K2975 and K2987-K2998, wherein the Qinghai-Tibet highways are less in bridges and mainly adopt gentle slope foundations, and the Qinghai-Tibet railways are completely closed, only 7 small bridges can pass, the actual blocking effect is large, and the ecological corridor has weak connectivity, so that the improvement of the regional corridor is extremely important to the whole connectivity; the high-value area of the improvement percentage of the relative LCD is mainly located at the section S308K 488-K495, which shows that the section plays a better role in connecting the Tibetan antelope existing ecological corridor; while the low value area is located along the Qinghai-Tibet road/Qinghai-Tibet railway, which indicates that the ecological corridor connectivity of the area is weak as a whole, as shown in FIG. 5;
as shown in fig. 6, typical road sections crossing the national park and the natural protection area are selected from the results of the Tibetan antelope field investigation monitoring and the ecological corridor connectivity analysis to carry out verification analysis: p1 is the Tibetan antelope Argos collar number 75844 individuals on the birth of 6 th month 12 of 2011 to traverse the Qinghai-Tibet railway/Qinghai-Tibet highway by utilizing the great bridge of five north; p2 is the trace of 22-30 days of the Tibetan antelope Argos necklace number 75841 individuals in 7 months of 2011; p3 is the Tibetan antelope Argos necklace number 75840 individual, which passes through the Qinghai-Tibet railway/Qinghai-Tibet highway by using the medium-small bridge on the 5 th month 11 th 2011; l1 is a road section which is shot at 8 months and 16 days in 2019 and passes through K2996-K2997 of the Qinghai-Tibet highway; l2 is the same day shooting Tibetan antelope group transition crossing the Theobroma cacumen No. 1 extra large bridge; l3 is a group of Tibetan antelope nearby the S308K 493 road section shot on the same day.
P1, P2, L1, L2 and L3 are all positioned on the identified Tibetan antelope ecological corridor, and by combining the analysis result of the connectivity of the Tibetan antelope ecological corridor, P1 and L1 are positioned near the five-north bridge channel, P2 and L2 are positioned near the Chu Maer river bridge and the cocoa West super bridge channel, and higher current density is shown, so that the road section is an important area for the Tibetan antelope to pass through the Qinghai-Tibet highway/Qinghai-Tibet railway, and is an important node for research and protection. L3 is a group of 200 more Tibetan antelope taken by S308K 493 road section, and is mainly female individuals and young animals. The current density of the area is higher, and the relative LCD improvement percentage ratio is highest according to the analysis result of the ecological barrier point, which shows that the road section plays a better connection role in the existing ecological corridor of Tibetan antelope. From the verification analysis result, the research and identification of the ecological corridor along the road is consistent with the field investigation, the Tibetan antelope Argos necklace track shows that the Tibetan antelope utilizes the five-north bridge and the middle-small bridge in the railway, the current density is high, the connectivity is good, and the Tibetan antelope ecological corridor in the research area and the connectivity thereof can be scientifically analyzed and evaluated.
In the case of example 2,
fig. 7 is a block diagram of a wild animal ecological corridor evaluation system provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention. Referring to fig. 7, the system is used for the above-mentioned method for evaluating ecological corridor of wild animals, and comprises the following modules:
and a data acquisition module: the method comprises the steps of obtaining migration data of different wild animal species in a wild animal living area;
the construction module comprises: the ecological corridor is connected with the data acquisition module and used for constructing an ecological corridor of a living area of the wild animal;
and an analysis module: the ecological gallery is connected with the construction module and used for carrying out connectivity analysis on the ecological gallery;
and (3) a verification module: the analysis module is connected with the ecological corridor and used for verifying connectivity of the ecological corridor;
ecological corridor model: the analysis module is connected with the data acquisition module and is used for inputting analysis data to obtain a verification result;
and the verification result output module is used for: is connected with the ecological corridor model and is used for inputting the analysis result of the analysis module into the trained ecological corridor model and outputting the ecological corridor verification result
In the case of example 3,
a storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for evaluating a wild animal ecological corridor as described in any one of embodiments 1-2.
Any combination of one or more computer readable media may be employed in the present invention. The medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. The medium can be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In this document, a medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. As used in this specification, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not intended to be limiting, but rather are to be construed as covering the singular and the plural, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method or apparatus comprising such elements.
It should also be noted that the positional or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the positional or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for evaluating the ecological corridor of the wild animal is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, migration data of different wild animal species in a wild animal living area are obtained, wherein the migration data comprise distribution probabilities of the different wild animal species in the wild animal living area;
step S2, constructing an ecological corridor of a living area of the wild animal according to the migration data, and specifically comprising the following steps:
step S21, determining ecological source places in living areas of wild animals according to the migration data;
step S22, calculating the ecological resistance value of the ecological source land according to the migration data, and specifically comprising the following steps:
step S221, determining road barrier effect indexes of different wild animal species in the living areas of the wild animals, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S2211, obtaining road information in a living area of a wild animal, wherein the road information comprises road grade and road weight;
step S2212, determining the total length of the road at each road level according to the road information in step S2211;
step S2213, determining avoidance distances of different wild animal species under different road grades according to the road information in step S2211;
step S2214, calculating road blocking effect indexes of different wild animal species according to the road information, the total road length under each road level, the avoidance distances of different wild animal species under different road levels and the distribution probability of different wild animal species;
step S222, calculating ecological resistance values of different wild animal species in the living areas of the wild animals according to the distribution probability and the road barrier effect index;
the ecological resistance values of different wild animal species in the living areas of wild animals are as follows:
；
wherein j is the species of different wild animals,the ecological resistance value of the living area of the wild animals of the j types is I, the road blocking effect index is I, and P is the distribution probability of different wild animal types in the road under the road of the class I in the living area of the wild animals and the surrounding environment of the road;
s23, determining an ecological resistance value under each migration path of a wild animal species according to the ecological resistance value of the ecological source land, and constructing an ecological corridor between the ecological source lands on the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value;
step S3, carrying out connectivity analysis based on the ecological corridor constructed in the step S2;
and S4, evaluating the ecological corridor of the living area of the wild animal according to connectivity analysis.
2. The method for evaluating an ecological corridor of a wild animal according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is to obtain the distribution probability of different wild animal species in migration data of a living area of the wild animal, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S11, acquiring distribution point location data of different wild animal species, wherein the distribution point location data refers to the distribution quantity of the different wild animal species at different distribution positions in a living area of the wild animal;
step S12, acquiring collar data of different wild animal species, wherein the collar data refers to positions of the different wild animal species and migration paths of the different wild animal species obtained by wearing a collar transmitter on the different wild animal species;
and S13, inputting the distribution point location data and the collar data into a species classification model to obtain the distribution probability of different wild animal species.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the road barrier effect index in step S2214 is:
；
wherein: i is road barrier effect index, n is road grade in wild animal living area, a i For the road weight and L under the road of class i in the living area of wild animals i For the total length and D of the road under the class i road in the living area of the wild animals i The method is characterized in that the method is the avoidance distance of different wild animal species under the road of class i in the wild animal living area, M is the wild animal living area, P is the distribution probability of different wild animal species in the road of class i in the wild animal living area and the surrounding environment.
4. The method for evaluating an ecological corridor of a wild animal according to claim 1, wherein the connectivity analysis in the step S3 is performed based on the ecological corridor constructed in the step S2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S31, extracting ecological pinch points between the ecological source lands of the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value, wherein the ecological pinch points refer to ecological areas with the distribution quantity of wild animal species between the ecological source lands higher than a preset value;
step S32, obtaining the distribution probability of different wild animal species at ecological pinch points between the ecological source lands of the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value;
step S33, extracting ecological barrier points between the ecological source lands of the migration path with the minimum ecological resistance value, wherein the ecological barrier points refer to ecological areas with the distribution quantity of wild animal species between the ecological source lands lower than a preset value;
step S34, obtaining regional scores of different positions at the ecological barrier points;
and S35, analyzing connectivity of the ecological corridor according to the distribution probabilities of different wild animal species at the ecological pinch points and the regional scores of different positions at the ecological barrier points.
5. A wild animal ecological corridor evaluation system using a wild animal ecological corridor evaluation method as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, comprising the following modules:
and a data acquisition module: the method comprises the steps of obtaining migration data of different wild animal species in a wild animal living area;
the construction module comprises: the ecological corridor is connected with the data acquisition module and used for constructing an ecological corridor of a living area of the wild animal;
and an analysis module: the ecological gallery is connected with the construction module and used for carrying out connectivity analysis on the ecological gallery;
and an evaluation module: the analysis module is connected with the ecological corridor and used for evaluating the ecological corridor;
ecological corridor model: the analysis module is connected with the data acquisition module and is used for inputting analysis data to obtain a verification result;
and the verification result output module is used for: the analysis module is connected with the ecological corridor model and used for inputting the analysis result of the analysis module into the trained ecological corridor model and outputting the ecological corridor verification result.
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