CN117580560A - 微粉化脂质 - Google Patents
微粉化脂质 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117580560A CN117580560A CN202180100139.1A CN202180100139A CN117580560A CN 117580560 A CN117580560 A CN 117580560A CN 202180100139 A CN202180100139 A CN 202180100139A CN 117580560 A CN117580560 A CN 117580560A
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- glycerol
- palmitoyl
- eicosyl
- eprg
- rac
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Abstract
本发明涉及药物递送负载体,所述药物递送负载体包括包含活性脂质剂的微粉化颗粒,并且特别地涉及包括醚脂质诸如sn‑1‑O‑二十烷基‑sn‑2‑棕榈酰基‑甘油及其异构体的微粉化脂质颗粒。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物递送负载体,所述药物递送负载体包括包含活性脂质剂的微粉化颗粒,并且特别地涉及包括醚脂质诸如sn-1-O-二十烷基-sn-2-棕榈酰基-甘油及其异构体的微粉化脂质颗粒。
背景技术
干眼综合症是由眼睛表面长期缺乏足够的润滑和水分而引起的。干眼的后果范围从轻微但持续的眼睛刺激到显著的炎症,并且甚至眼睛前表面留下疤痕。干眼的主要形式蒸发性干眼与睑板腺功能障碍有关,其中泪膜脂质层不足和不稳定可导致蒸发增加和泪膜不稳定以及其他后遗症。因此,蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍和所得泪膜不稳定导致干眼的眼表润滑不足和水分不足两者。有关综述,参见Chadya et al.,Meibomian glanddisease:the role of gland dysfunction in dry eye disease,Ophthalmology.2017Nov;124(11Suppl):S20–S26,将其以其全文通过援引并入本文。
除了被称为干眼综合症、干眼病或简称为“干眼”之外,还使用替代医学术语来描述干眼。干燥性角膜炎是指角膜的干燥和炎症。干燥性角结膜炎是指影响角膜和结膜两者的干眼。
干眼综合征是全世界最常见的眼部病症之一,并且是去看眼科医生的主要原因。在“全球健康杂志”上发表的一篇评论中,研究人员报告,研究表明,世界各地不同群体的干眼患病率范围从5%到高达50%。干眼综合征的风险因素包括高龄、女性和电脑使用。干眼综合征的症状包括:烧灼感;眼睛痒;疼痛感;眼睛沉重(heavy eyes);眼睛疲劳;眼睛酸痛;干燥感;红眼;畏光;以及视物模糊。干眼的临床体征包括通过Schirmer泪液测试测量的泪液产生减少,通过角膜活体染色(例如荧光素)测量的角膜上皮完整性缺陷,以及特别是泪膜破裂时间(TBUT)的减少测量的泪膜不稳定性,包括泪膜脂质层的不稳定性。
泪液由水液、粘蛋白和脂质组分组成。每次眨眼时,水液和脂质组分紧密混合,并且水液和脂质组分自分类到泪膜的内部水液层和外部脂质层中。在脂质层内,极性和非极性脂质进行自分类,极性脂质在水液层界面处形成单层,并且非极性脂质形成泪膜脂质层的直接与空气接触的较厚外层。泪膜脂质层(TFLL)的非极性外层可为5至50个分子厚。眼睛表面上足够且一致的泪液层对于保持眼睛健康、舒适和视力良好至关重要。泪膜沐浴眼睛表面,使其保持润湿,并冲走可能损伤角膜并导致眼睛炎症和/或感染的灰尘、碎片和微生物。如所述,正常的泪膜由三种重要组分组成:油性(脂质)组分;水性(水液)组分;以及粘液样(粘蛋白)组分。泪膜的每种组分都发挥至关重要的作用。例如,泪液脂质有助于防止泪膜水液层蒸发过快并增加润滑,而粘蛋白(可溶性和细胞相关)有助于在角膜上皮的活表面上锚定和铺展泪液。水液组分是角膜前泪膜最厚的层,并且包含多种蛋白质,包括用于防止微生物定植的免疫球蛋白和溶菌酶。泪膜描述于Yanez-Soto et al.,Interfacialphenomena and the ocular surface,Ocul Surf.2014Jul;12(3):178-201,将其以其全文通过援引并入本文。
每种泪液组分均由眼睛上或眼睛附近的不同腺体产生。油性组分是由眼睑中的睑板腺以及具有哈德氏腺(harderian glands)的物种(例如兔子)的哈德氏腺产生的。水液组分是由位于上眼睑外侧(人类)后面的泪腺产生的。许多脊椎动物物种还拥有副泪腺(例如,与狗的第三眼睑相关的副泪腺)。可溶性粘蛋白组分是由覆盖眼白(巩膜)的结膜中的杯状细胞产生的。泪膜组分的这些来源中任一个出现问题都可能导致泪液不稳定和干眼。
本领域需要的是对干眼的有效治疗,以及用于这些治疗的有效递送系统。
发明内容
本发明涉及药物递送负载体,所述药物递送负载体包括包含活性脂质剂的微粉化颗粒,并且特别地涉及包括醚脂质诸如sn-1-O-二十烷基-sn-2-棕榈酰基-甘油及其异构体、类似物和同系物的微粉化脂质颗粒作为药物递送负载体和活性脂质剂两者。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了一种药物递送负载体,所述药物递送负载体包括具有的平均粒度小于100微米的结晶和无定形固体微粉化脂质颗粒,所述颗粒包括活性剂,并且其中所述药物递送负载体选自治疗组合物、生理学上相容的载体和医疗插入装置的组。
在第一方面,本发明提供了一种脂质颗粒组合物,所述脂质颗粒组合物包括固体非极性脂质颗粒,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括活性脂质剂且具有小于50微米的平均粒度,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒稳定地悬浮在适合于局部给药的水性缓冲负载体中。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有低于80℃的熔点。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有20℃至80℃的熔点。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有30℃至60℃的熔点。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有小于20微米的平均粒度。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有小于10微米的平均粒度。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述活性脂质剂是非极性醚脂质。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H);
其中
R1是氢(即,H);
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H)。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;
其中
R1是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-2-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油、1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-1-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油及其混合物。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)或1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)及其混合物。
在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于50%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于50%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括不大于50%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和大于50%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于5%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于2%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于1%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒进一步包括一种或多种选自由以下组成的组的额外的脂质:非极性甘油单酯、甘油二酯或甘油三酯、包括胆固醇酯的蜡酯、固醇、游离脂肪酸及其组合。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述水性缓冲负载体包括磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)、3%或更少(所述负载体的w/w)的聚山梨醇酯80和0.3%或更少(所述负载体的w/w)的黄原胶并且具有6.5-8.0的pH和260至320mOsm/L的渗透浓度。
在一些优选的实施方式中,悬浮颗粒在室温下在从悬浮液中相分离之前稳定6个月。在一些优选的实施方式中,悬浮颗粒是化学稳定的,在室温下储存6个月期间<5%的1,2-EPRG异构化为异构体1,3-EPRG。在一些优选的实施方式中,悬浮颗粒在室温下在从悬浮液中相分离之前稳定24个月。在一些优选的实施方式中,悬浮颗粒是化学稳定的,在室温下储存24个月期间<5%的1,2-EPRG异构化为异构体1,3-EPRG。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述组合物是无菌的。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述组合物包括防腐剂。在一些优选的实施方式中,悬浮液不含防腐剂。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述水性缓冲负载体是眼科上可接受的载体。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述水性缓冲负载体进一步包括选自由以下组成的组的剂:缓冲剂、张度剂、润湿剂、增稠和增粘剂、密度调节剂及其组合。
在一些优选的实施方式中,在作为滴眼剂给药后,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒中的活性脂质剂作为单独分子从所述固体非极性脂质颗粒中释放一段时间。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述单独分子释放1至24小时的一段时间。在一些优选的实施方式中,悬浮液在液滴分配器中提供。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中治疗眼部疾病或疾患的方法,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状、临床体征或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征,所述方法包括向所述受试者的眼部局部给药如上所述的脂质颗粒组合物,所述脂质颗粒组合物包括有效量的活性脂质剂。在一些优选的实施方式中,需要治疗的受试者具有的泪膜破裂时间小于例如美国或其他国家的正常健康群体的TBUT(泪膜破裂时间(tear break-up time))的正常临床范围。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述方法提供了选自由TBUT、眼睛舒适度、眼睛干涩(dryness)、活体结膜或角膜染色和Schirmer泪液测试组成的组的一种或多种症状或量度的改善(例如,与对照对比或由患者报告)。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了如上所述的脂质颗粒组合物,用于在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中治疗眼部疾病或疾患中的用途,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:干眼、炎性干眼、蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状、临床体征或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征。在一些优选的实施方式中,给药所述组合物导致选自由TBUT、眼睛舒适度、眼睛干涩、活体结膜或角膜染色和Schirmer泪液测试组成的组的一种或多种症状或量度的改善(例如,与对照对比或由患者报告)。
在第二方面,本发明提供了药物递送负载体,所述药物递送负载体包括具有的平均粒度小于100微米并且优选小于50微米的固体非极性脂质颗粒,所述颗粒包括除形成所述固体非极性脂质颗粒的脂质之外的活性剂(其可以被命名为第二活性剂,其中颗粒中的脂质,例如本文描述的醚脂质被命名为第一活性剂)。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有低于80℃的熔点。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有20℃至80℃的熔点。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有30℃至60℃的熔点。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有小于20微米的平均粒度。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有小于10微米的平均粒度。
在其他优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的醚脂质:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H);
其中
R1是氢(即,H);
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H)。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的醚脂质:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;
其中
R1是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的醚脂质:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-2-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油、1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-1-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油及其混合物。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的醚脂质:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)或1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)及其混合物。
在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)及其混合物的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于5%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于2%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于1%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒进一步包括一种或多种选自由以下组成的组的额外的脂质:非极性甘油单酯、甘油二酯或甘油三酯、包括胆固醇酯的蜡酯、固醇、游离脂肪酸及其组合。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述活性剂选自由以下组成的组:非处方药(OTC)或处方局部眼科剂、用于治疗干眼的OTC或处方局部眼科剂、NMDA拮抗剂、抗菌剂、抗组胺剂、减充血剂、抗炎剂、抗寄生物剂、缩瞳剂、拟交感神经剂、抗胆碱剂、肾上腺素能剂、抗病毒剂、局部麻醉剂、抗真菌剂、杀阿米巴剂(amoebicidals)、杀毛滴虫剂(trichomonocidals)、镇痛剂、散瞳剂、抗青光眼药、碳酸酐酶抑制剂、眼科诊断剂、在手术中用作佐剂的眼科剂、螯合剂、抗肿瘤剂、抗高血压剂、肌肉松弛剂、诊断剂、肾上腺素能麻醉剂、β阻滞剂、α-2-激动剂、睫状肌麻痹剂、前列腺素及其组合。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒被配制为在生理学上可接受的载体中的水性悬浮液。在一些优选的实施方式中,液体组合物是固体微粉化脂质颗粒在水中的悬浮液,所述悬浮液包含磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)、3%或更少(所述负载体的w/w)的聚山梨醇酯80和0.3%或更少(所述负载体的w/w)的黄原胶并且具有6.5-8.0的pH和260至320mOsm/L的渗透浓度。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述悬浮液在室温下在所述悬浮液中的所述固体非极性脂质颗粒的相分离之前稳定6个月。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述悬浮液是化学稳定的,在室温下储存6个月期间<5%的1,2-EPRG异构化为异构体1,3-EPRG。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述悬浮液在室温下在所述悬浮液中的所述固体非极性脂质颗粒的相分离之前稳定24个月。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述悬浮液是化学稳定的,在室温下储存24个月期间<5%的1,2-EPRG异构化为异构体1,3-EPRG。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述悬浮液是无菌的。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述悬浮液包括防腐剂。在一些优选的实施方式中,悬浮液不含防腐剂。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述生理学上可接受的载体是眼科上可接受的载体。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述眼科上可接受的载体包括选自由以下组成的组的剂:缓冲剂、张度剂、润湿剂、增稠和增粘剂、密度调节剂及其组合。
在一些优选的实施方式中,在作为滴眼剂给药后,所述活性剂作为所述活性剂的单独分子从所述固体非极性脂质颗粒中释放一段时间。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述单独分子释放1至24小时的一段时间。
在一些优选的实施方式中,悬浮液在液滴分配器中提供。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述药物递送负载体是医疗插入装置。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述医疗插入装置由生理学上可接受的材料形成。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述生理学上可接受的材料是聚合物。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述生理学上可接受的材料选自由羟丙基纤维素、水凝胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和硅酮丙烯酸酯组成的组。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述医疗插入装置选自由泪点塞、接触镜片和眼科插入物组成的组。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述医疗插入装置是可再充的。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述医疗插入装置是一次性的。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述医疗插入装置与粘膜表面相容。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述粘膜表面选自由以下组成的组:眼粘膜表面、阴道粘膜表面、鼻粘膜表面、口咽粘膜表面、口腔粘膜表面和直肠粘膜表面。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了将活性剂递送至有此需要的受试者的方法,所述方法包括向受试者局部给药如上所述的药物递送负载体。在一些优选的实施方式中,将所述药物递送负载体给药于所述受试者的粘膜表面。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述粘膜表面选自由以下组成的组:眼粘膜表面、阴道粘膜表面、输卵管粘膜表面、呼吸系统粘膜表面、鼻粘膜表面、口咽粘膜表面、口腔粘膜表面、直肠粘膜表面、消化系统粘膜表面和食道粘膜表面。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述药物递送负载体被施加或植入所述粘膜表面下。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述粘膜表面是眼粘膜表面并且所述药物递送负载体被植入或施加在结膜或眼球筋膜下。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述药物递送负载体通过选自由球后、前房内、玻璃体内、脉络膜上和视网膜下递送途径组成的组的递送途径施加于眼粘膜表面。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中治疗眼部疾病或疾患的方法,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状、临床体征或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征,所述方法包括向所述受试者的眼部局部给药如上所述的药物递送负载体,所述药物递送负载体包括有效量的活性脂质剂。在一些优选的实施方式中,需要治疗的受试者具有的泪膜破裂时间小于例如美国或其他国家的正常健康群体的TBUT(泪膜破裂时间(tear break-up time))的正常临床范围。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述方法提供了选自由TBUT、眼睛舒适度、眼睛干涩、活体结膜或角膜染色和Schirmer泪液测试组成的组的一种或多种症状或量度的改善(例如,与对照对比或由患者报告)。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了如上所述的药物递送负载体,用于在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中治疗眼部疾病或疾患中的用途,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:干眼、炎性干眼、蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状、临床体征或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征。在一些优选的实施方式中,给药所述组合物导致选自由TBUT、眼睛舒适度、眼睛干涩、活体结膜或角膜染色和Schirmer泪液测试组成的组的一种或多种症状或量度的改善(例如,与对照对比或由患者报告)。
在还其他优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了如上所述的脂质颗粒组合物或药物递送负载体,用于治疗需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者的用途,其可以用泪膜破裂时间(TBUT)低于该动物物种或人的临床认可的正常范围来鉴定。
在第三方面,本发明提供了一种脂质颗粒组合物,所述脂质颗粒组合物包括固体非极性脂质颗粒,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括活性脂质剂且具有小于50微米的平均粒度。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有低于80℃的熔点。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有20℃至80℃的熔点。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有30℃至60℃的熔点。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有小于20微米的平均粒度。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有小于10微米的平均粒度。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述活性脂质剂是非极性醚脂质。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H);
其中
R1是氢(即,H);
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H)。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;
其中
R1是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-2-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油、1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-1-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油及其混合物。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)或1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)及其混合物。
在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于5%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于2%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于1%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒进一步包括一种或多种选自由以下组成的组的额外的脂质:非极性甘油单酯、甘油二酯或甘油三酯、包括胆固醇酯的蜡酯、固醇、游离脂肪酸及其组合。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒被配制为悬浮液。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒作为医疗插入装置提供。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述医疗插入装置由生理学上可接受的材料形成。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述生理学上可接受的材料是聚合物。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述生理学上可接受的材料选自由羟丙基纤维素、水凝胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和硅酮丙烯酸酯组成的组。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述医疗插入装置选自由泪点塞、接触镜片和眼科插入物组成的组。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述医疗插入装置是可再充的。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述医疗插入装置是一次性的。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述医疗插入装置与粘膜表面相容。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述粘膜表面选自由以下组成的组:眼粘膜表面、阴道粘膜表面、鼻粘膜表面、口咽粘膜表面、口腔粘膜表面和直肠粘膜表面。
在一些优选的实施方式中,除了第一活性剂(即,醚脂质)之外,所述脂质颗粒可以优选地包括第二活性剂。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述活性剂选自由以下组成的组:非处方药(OTC)或处方局部眼科剂、用于治疗干眼的OTC或处方局部眼科剂、NMDA拮抗剂、抗菌剂、抗组胺剂、减充血剂、抗炎剂、抗寄生物剂、缩瞳剂、拟交感神经剂、抗胆碱剂、肾上腺素能剂、抗病毒剂、局部麻醉剂、抗真菌剂、杀阿米巴剂、杀毛滴虫剂、镇痛剂、散瞳剂、抗青光眼药、碳酸酐酶抑制剂、眼科诊断剂、在手术中用作佐剂的眼科剂、螯合剂、抗肿瘤剂、抗高血压剂、肌肉松弛剂、诊断剂、肾上腺素能麻醉剂、β阻滞剂、α-2-激动剂、睫状肌麻痹剂、前列腺素及其组合。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗与粘膜相关的疾病或疾患的方法,所述方法包括向有此需要的受试者给药如上所述的脂质颗粒组合物。在一些优选的实施方式中,在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中的疾病或疾患是眼部疾病或疾患,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:干眼、炎性干眼、蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状、临床体征或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征。在一些优选的实施方式中,给药所述组合物导致选自由TBUT、眼睛舒适度、眼睛干涩、活体结膜或角膜染色和Schirmer泪液测试组成的组的一种或多种症状或量度的改善(例如,与对照对比或由患者报告)。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了如上所述的脂质颗粒组合物用于治疗受试者的粘膜的疾病或疾患的用途。在一些优选的实施方式中,在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中的疾病或疾患是眼部疾病或疾患,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:干眼、炎性干眼、蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状、临床体征或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征。在一些优选的实施方式中,给药所述组合物导致选自由TBUT、眼睛舒适度、眼睛干涩、活体结膜或角膜染色和Schirmer泪液测试组成的组的一种或多种症状或量度的改善(例如,与对照对比或由患者报告)。
附图说明
图1是用于合成本发明的实施方式中使用的脂质的示意图。
图2是示出本发明的固体微粉化脂质颗粒的粒度(通过动态光散射测定)的图。
图3是在不同浓度的黄原胶赋形剂存在下稳定悬浮的固体微粉化颗粒的照片。
图4提供了气流粉碎机微粉化后,MCAL-201的1,3-EPRG和1,2-EPRG异构体含量(1.15mol%1,3-EPRG)的NMR(核磁共振)谱分析。
图5提供了将固体微粉化的MCAL-201悬浮液在室温下储存6周后,MCAL-201的1,3-EPRG和1,2-EPRG异构体含量(0.0991mol%1,3-EPRG)的NMR(核磁共振)谱分析。
图6提供的图证明,在单次给药后,本发明的微粉化固体脂质颗粒的给药导致五只健康狗的TBUT延长。
图7提供了鉴定甘油主链碳的sn-编号的示例性结构。
定义
“患者”、“受试者”或“个体”可互换使用,并且是指人类或非人类动物。这些术语包括哺乳动物,诸如人类、灵长类动物、牲畜动物(包括牛、猪等)、伴生动物(例如,犬科动物、猫科动物等)和啮齿动物(例如,小鼠和大鼠)。
“给药”或向受试者“给药”物质、化合物或剂可以使用本领域技术人员已知的多种方法之一进行。例如,化合物或剂可以局部、眼部、静脉内、动脉地、皮内、肌内、腹腔内、静脉内、皮下、舌下、口服(通过摄入)、鼻内(通过吸入)、椎管内、脑内和经皮(通过吸收,例如通过皮肤导管)给药。具体的眼部给药途径包括局部给药至眼表(角膜和/或结膜)、结膜下给药、眼球筋膜下给药、球后给药、前房内给药、玻璃体内给药、脉络膜上给药和视网膜下给药。化合物或剂也可以适当地通过提供化合物或剂的延长、缓慢或受控的释放的可再充(rechargeable)或可生物降解的聚合物装置或其他装置(例如贴剂和泵)或制剂来引入。聚合物材料可以是固体可植入材料或者可以被设计成维持与眼表的长时间接触(商业实例是LACRISERTTM,参见万维网(world wide web):bausch.com/ecp/our-products/rx-pharmaceuticals/rx-pharmaceuticals/lacrisert)或形成或包括在缓慢释放测试物品的泪点塞中(例如,参见万维网:ois.net/punctal-plugs-for-sustained-delivery/)或放置在结膜穹窿(conjunctival fornices)中的O形环(例如https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/new-glaucoma-treatment-ring-shows-promise)。关于治疗构建体的其他实施方式被举例说明但不限于局部施加或注射到眼睛内和/或眼睛周围形成水凝胶的材料,所述水凝胶的聚合由温度、pH或离子组成的变化触发。给药也可以进行例如一次、多次和/或在一个或多个延长的时间段内进行。在一些方面,给药包括直接给药(包括自给药)和间接给药(包括开药的行为)两者。例如,如本文所用,指示患者自给药药物或具有由另一人给药的药物和/或向患者提供药物处方的医生是向患者给药药物。
“活性脂质剂”是对粘膜表面具有治疗效果的脂质。当微粉化并悬浮在缓冲液中时,固体结晶或无定形活性脂质剂还可充当活性脂质剂的单体分子的缓释递送负载体,所述缓冲液的张力、粘度和密度被调节以支持微粉化固体活性脂质剂的稳定悬浮。
药物或剂的“治疗有效量”或“治疗有效剂量”是药物或剂的在给药于受试者时将具有预期治疗效果的量。完全治疗效果不一定通过一个剂量的给药而发生,并且可能仅在一系列剂量的给药后发生。因此,治疗有效量可以在一次、多剂量、每天、每周或其他治疗时间范围的一次或多次给药中给药。受试者所需的精确有效量将取决于例如受试者的大小、健康和年龄、所治疗的病症诸如干眼和/或其他眼部疾患的性质和程度。技术人员可以通过常规实验容易地确定用于给定情况的有效量。
如本文所用,术语“保质期”意指从产品的制造日期到给药药物的时间段。
“治疗”病症或患者是指采取措施以获得有益或期望的结果,包括临床结果。有益的或期望的临床结果包括但不限于与粘膜表面缺陷(特别是脂质缺乏)以及神经元疾患(包括神经退行性变和创伤性脑损伤)以及疼痛和不适相关的一种或多种症状的减轻、改善或进展减缓。在某些实施方式中,治疗可以是预防性的。本文描述了示例性有益的临床结果。
如本文所用,术语化学式包括关于化学物质中原子和键的空间排列的信息,但不一定是精确的异构体、类似物或同系物;而术语分子式是指化合物中每种元素的原子数。
“烷基”是指单价直链、支链或环状饱和脂族烃基团。优选地,烷基基团是具有1至40个碳原子的直链基团。更优选地,它是5至31个碳原子、最优选15至23个碳原子的烷基基团。典型的烷基基团包括戊基、己基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十九烷基、二十二烷基、三十烷基、三十一烷基等。优选地,该术语表示由式CnH2n+1表示的非环状碳或饱和非环状碳链,其中n是1至31的整数。
“烯基”是指具有一个或多个、优选一个双键的单价直链、支链或环状不饱和脂族烃基团。优选地,烯基基团具有2至40个碳原子。更优选地,它是6至30个碳原子、最优选15至23个碳原子的烯基基团。典型的烯基基团包括己烯基、十三烯基、十四烯基、十九烯基、二十二烯基、三十烯基、三十一烯基等。优选地,该术语表示包含碳-碳双键并且由式CnH2n-1表示的非环状碳链,其中n是2至40的整数。优选地,烯基键的几何形状是细胞膜脂质中常见的顺式或Z-构型。
“亚烷基”是指二价直链、支链或环状的饱和脂族烃基团。优选地,亚烷基基团具有1至12个碳原子。该术语表示由式CnH2n-2表示的非环状碳或饱和非环状碳链,其中n是1至12的整数。更优选地,它是1至7个碳原子、最优选1至4个碳原子的低级亚烷基,例如亚甲基。
如本文所用的术语“脂族”意指直链或支链烷基、烯基或炔基。应当理解,烯基或炔基实施方式在脂族链中需要至少两个碳原子。脂族基团通常包含1(或2)至30个碳,诸如1(或2)至20个碳。
如本文所用,碳原子名称可具有指定的整数和任何居间整数。例如,(C1-C4)-烷基基团中的碳原子数为1、2、3或4。应当理解,这些名称是指适当基团中的原子总数。
本文使用的“药学上可接受的盐”或“盐”是指根据本公开的剂或化合物,其是化合物的治疗活性、无毒的碱和酸盐形式。在其游离形式作为碱存在的化合物的酸加成盐形式可以通过用适当的酸处理所述游离碱形式来获得,诸如无机酸,例如氢卤酸,诸如盐酸或氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等;或有机酸,诸如例如乙酸、羟基乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、环状酸、水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸、双羟萘酸等。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及药物递送负载体,所述药物递送负载体包括包含活性脂质剂的微粉化结晶或无定形固体,并且特别地涉及包括醚脂质诸如sn-1-O-二十烷基-sn-2-棕榈酰基-甘油及其异构体的结晶或无定形固体微粉化脂质颗粒。
本公开预期前述方面和实施方式中的任何一个或多个可以彼此组合和/或与下面提供的实施方式或特征中的任何一个组合。
粘膜具有上皮成分,其具有固有表面化学并且细胞的最表层具有微绒毛和微皱襞形式的纳米到微米级的形貌特征。形貌特征与细胞成分密切相关的流体薄膜相互作用,并且可能有助于薄膜的相对稳定性。已知这些表面形貌特征可以在眼表的疾病状态下改变,并且这样的改变可能导致薄膜不稳定。流体薄膜,包括但不限于泪液、唾液、胃肠道涂层、与眼睑、眼表和眼周组织、呼吸道(鼻道、气管、支气管、细支气管和肺泡)和宫颈-阴道分泌物相关的薄膜以及与女性生殖道其余部分相关的薄膜,覆盖了所有脊椎动物物种的粘膜的细胞成分。Tatematsu et al.,Bone Marrow Transplant.2012Mar;47(3):416-25.doi:10.1038/bmt.2011.89.Epub 2011May 16。
覆盖粘膜的分泌物来自于多种来源,并具有三大类成分。糖胺聚糖(或粘液)层;包括可溶性物质诸如蛋白质、糖、盐和渗透剂的水液组分;以及在泪液的情况下,含脂质的组分。粘膜薄膜来自于嵌入粘膜(或接近粘膜)的细胞或来自于腺结构。水构成了人体润滑的基础,特别是在水与脂质、蜡和油的界面处,但在疾病状态下在无添加剂下可能无法提供足够的润滑。生物润滑的重要性在衰老和疾病时变得明显,特别是在影响体液分泌或组成的条件下。生物润滑不足可能妨碍正确的言语、咀嚼和吞咽,导致臀部和膝的关节软骨表面过度摩擦和磨损,导致阴道干燥,并导致眼睛干燥、受刺激。平均每天眨眼28,800次的行为可代表了最常用的摩擦表面相互作用。眨眼之间的平均时间可以测量,并且可能受到泪膜和泪膜脂质层的完整性的限制。眼表和眼睑的生物润滑不足导致更频繁和高摩擦的眨眼和刺激。随着时间的推移,这导致干眼背后的炎症。眼表生物润滑的临床改善可以作为更长的眨眼间时间、更慢的眨眼、每分钟、每小时或每天更少的眨眼、改善的患者舒适度以及泪膜破裂时间(TBUT)的增加来衡量。生物润滑是由于结构、脂质层和吸附蛋白膜的糖基化的组合,这为设计有效的疗法以恢复生物润滑不足的患者的生物润滑提供了重要线索。Veeregowdaet al.,PLoS One.2012;7(8):e42600.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042600.Epub2012Aug 15。
作为非限制性实例,覆盖眼表的泪膜的广泛接受的模型是由三种主要成分组成的模型;源自使眼睑边缘排齐的腺体(睑板腺或睑板腺(Meibomian or tarsal glands),以及包括兔子的具有哈德氏腺的物种的哈德氏腺的分泌物)的外脂质层;源自泪腺和副泪腺的水液层(具有混合的可溶性蛋白质以及混合的脂质和粘蛋白);以及源自与结膜和角膜上皮细胞相关的杯状细胞的粘蛋白层以及源自上皮细胞本身的粘蛋白。
粘蛋白成分形成紧邻眼表细胞成分(诸如角膜上皮)的层,并且被认为在一定程度上与最表层上皮细胞的糖萼相关,并且与较稠的水液组分混合。粘蛋白元件被认为通过影响细胞水液层界面的表面张力对于维持泪膜的稳定性是重要的。水液层是泪膜的最大组分,并且包含多种溶质,用于维持泪液pH、渗透浓度和眼睛健康。免疫球蛋白、溶菌酶、转铁蛋白、抗菌肽和其他成分有助于控制生物负荷并降低感染风险。粘蛋白也可以混合在该层内。此外,在水液层中还发现了生长因子、细胞因子和其他细胞活性因子。泪膜脂质层的极性脂质用脂质分子的单分子层覆盖水液层,该单分子层具有朝向水液层定向的带电头部基团。外泪膜非极性脂质层是泪膜的最外层并且直接与空气接触。这种非极性脂质层为整个泪膜提供润滑和稳定性(如临床上测量为泪膜破裂时间),并降低泪膜的水液组分的蒸发速率。
许多疾病和病症与干燥或功能障碍的粘膜有关。这些由以下例示但不限于以下:干眼、口干、阴道干燥和涉及呼吸薄膜涂层缺陷/失调的疾病。需要安全、有效和灵活的方法来治疗干燥或功能障碍的粘膜疾病,以及旨在改善非患病粘膜的性能的疗法。
开发有效治疗剂的一个广泛挑战是对粘膜表面有治疗益处的疏水性分子的配制和递送,以及必须穿过完整粘膜表面以对更深处的组织/结构具有治疗益处的治疗剂的递送。本文所述的本发明的新颖性和实用性是高度疏水性分子作为低温熔点结晶和无定形脂质和蜡或者作为嵌入低熔点结晶和无定形固体脂质和蜡中的分子的整合,其可以作为小微粒悬浮或溶解在来自生物相容性水基制剂的用于局部施加的制剂中,其中脂质固有地不溶和/或整合到用于从低熔点结晶和无定形固体或蜡中受控释放治疗有益化合物的装置中。另外,预期这些低温熔点结晶和无定形固体脂质和蜡为低温熔点脂质和蜡中捕获的亲水性或两亲性化合物提供一种受控递送的方式。例如,在包括包含活性脂质剂的微粉化固体颗粒的药物递送负载体的情况下,并且特别是包括醚脂质诸如sn-1-O-二十烷基-sn-2-棕榈酰基-甘油及其异构体以及第二活性眼科剂诸如环孢菌素或立他司特(Xiidra)的微粉化脂质颗粒,其用于治疗干眼,包括炎性和/或蒸发性干眼。包括醚脂质诸如sn-1-O-二十烷基-sn-2-棕榈酰基-甘油的微粉化结晶或无定形固体脂质颗粒可以通过将40mg/mL的醚脂质在氯仿中的溶液喷雾干燥到真空室中来制备。这导致小于10微米的微粉化无定形固体脂质颗粒。将第二活性剂(例如,环孢菌素、立他司特或任何下述第二活性剂)添加到氯仿溶液中用于喷雾干燥可以产生包含治疗量的醚脂质和第二活性剂两者的喷雾干燥的微粉化脂质颗粒。替代地,第二活性剂在无定形1,2EPRG中的纳米尺寸微粒固体悬浮液可以通过将1,2-EPRG在氯仿或其他合适溶剂中包含悬浮的第二活性剂的纳米尺寸颗粒的溶液喷雾干燥微粉化来形成。
在某些方面,如本文所述的药物递送负载体可用于治疗患有粘膜疾患的患者。本发明的药物递送负载体进一步用于需要将活性脂质剂或亲脂性药物递送至粘膜作为给药途径的情况。因此,本发明提供了用于将活性脂质组分或其他亲脂性药物递送至受试者的粘膜的药物递送负载体。本发明不限于任何特定的粘膜表面。在一些优选的实施方式中,粘膜表面是眼粘膜表面、阴道粘膜表面、输卵管粘膜表面、呼吸系统粘膜表面、鼻粘膜表面、口咽粘膜表面、口腔粘膜表面、直肠粘膜表面、消化系统粘膜表面或食道粘膜表面。本发明不限于任何特定的递送途径。在一些优选的实施方式中,递送途径包括局部给药。在一些实施方式中,当靶器官是眼睛时,除了结膜下、眼球筋膜下、球后、前房内、玻璃体内、脉络膜上和视网膜下递送途径之外,优选的递送途径还包括局部滴眼剂。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明的药物递送负载体包括结晶和无定形固体微粉化脂质颗粒。在一些优选的实施方式中,微粉化脂质颗粒具有小于100微米的平均尺寸。在一些更优选的实施方式中,结晶和无定形固体微粉化脂质颗粒具有小于50微米的平均尺寸。在一些更优选的实施方式中,结晶和无定形固体微粉化脂质颗粒具有小于20微米的平均尺寸。在一些还更优选的实施方式中,结晶和无定形固体微粉化脂质颗粒具有小于10微米的平均尺寸。在一些优选的实施方式中,结晶和无定形固体微粉化脂质颗粒具有1至100、1至50或1至10微米的平均尺寸。在一些优选的实施方式中,通过动态光散射测定粒度。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明的微粉化脂质颗粒具有低于80℃的熔点。在一些更优选的实施方式中,本发明的微粉化脂质颗粒具有低于60℃的熔点。在一些还更优选的实施方式中,本发明的微粉化脂质颗粒具有低于50℃的熔点。在一些其他优选的实施方式中,固体微粉化脂质颗粒具有20℃至80℃的熔点。在还其他优选的实施方式中,固体微粉化脂质颗粒具有30℃至60℃的熔点。
应当理解,可以改变微粉化脂质颗粒的脂质组成以提供期望的熔点。因此,在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明的微粉化脂质颗粒包括一种或多种载体脂质,诸如甘油单酯、甘油二酯、醚酯甘油、甘油三酯、磷脂、蜡或固醇。在一些实施方式中,脂质可包括通过酯或醚键连接至甘油主链的脂肪酸部分。
用于制备微粉化颗粒的多种方法是本领域已知的。在一些优选的实施方式中,微粉化颗粒通过气流粉碎来制备。合适的气流粉碎机可从例如Hosokawa Micron PowderSystems,萨米特(Summit),新泽西州(NJ)获得。将进料产品,例如,本发明的脂质组合物进料到气流粉碎机的研磨区中。研磨空气通过喷嘴环中的拉瓦尔喷嘴切向注入气流粉碎机。这导致在研磨区中形成螺旋空气射流。由于空气的螺旋流,粉碎机中形成高压,在没有产品的情况下运行时可升至1巴超压。集成注射器充满压缩空气,这确保产品在机器中存在的超压下输送到机器中。
进料产品在喷嘴环附近循环,并且因此被离开喷嘴的空气射流反复拦截。粉碎是由颗粒在喷嘴射流中以不同速度流动引起的颗粒间碰撞的结果。粉碎的材料与空气一起输送以排出。螺旋流对颗粒进行分级,其中仅排出细(即微粉化)颗粒,而粗颗粒保留在粉碎机中。
在一些优选的实施方式中,通过喷雾干燥脂质组合物的溶液来制备微粉化颗粒,该脂质组合物溶液具有或不具有本发明的第二活性剂,通过喷嘴将其进料到真空室,在真空室中溶剂蒸发以产生5至50微米尺寸的无定形固体颗粒,这些颗粒沉降并被收集。一种这样的喷雾干燥装置由Buchi instruments出售并且在这个网址被描述:https://static1.buchi.com/sites/default/files/downloads/Spray_Drying_Encapsulat ion_Solutions_brochure_en_D_0.pdf?56fa5df1e4976c154c3b11af6a45ff69b22d63e3
在一些优选的实施方式中,微粉化脂质颗粒包括活性脂质剂。活性脂质剂是赋予治疗或预防益处或治疗疾病或病症的脂质分子。本发明中使用的活性脂质剂包括但不限于甘油单酯、甘油二酯、甘油三酯、醚酯甘油、磷脂、蜡或固醇。
在一些优选的实施方式中,活性脂质剂是醚脂质。合适的醚脂质详细描述于美国专利号9,289,494,将其以其全文通过援引并入本文。
在一些优选的实施方式中,活性脂质剂是sn-1,2取代的甘油、sn-2,3取代的甘油或1,2-取代的外消旋甘油(即,1,2-rac-甘油),优选包括通过醚键连接至甘油的脂肪酸部分。对于1,2-取代的醚脂质,甘油主链碳的立体定向编号sn-示出于图7中,其中例如,R1是通过醚键连接的烷基或烯基,R2是通过酯键连接的烷基或烯基,并且R3是-H。甘油主链碳的这种sn-编号适用于本文呈现的结构。
在一些实施方式中,活性脂质剂是选自以下的醚脂质:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;优选C20烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;优选C15烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H);
其中
R1是氢(即,H);
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;优选C15烷基或烯基;以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基,优选C20烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;优选C20烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;优选C15烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H)。
在一些优选的实施方式中,活性脂质剂是sn-1,3取代的甘油或1,3-取代的外消旋甘油(即,1,3-rac-甘油),优选包括通过醚键连接至甘油的脂肪酸部分,选自:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;优选C20烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基,优选C15烷基或烯基;
其中
R1是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基,优选C15烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基,优选C20烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;优选C20烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基,优选C15烷基或烯基。
在一些优选的实施方式中,活性脂质剂是选自由以下组成的组的醚酯甘油脂质:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-2-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油、1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-1-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油及其混合物。在一些另外优选的实施方式中,活性脂质剂是选自由以下组成的组的醚脂质:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)或1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)及其混合物。
因此,在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明的脂质分子的sn-位置之一是-OH基团,并且两个sn-位置中的另一个具有醚连接的脂族链和酯连接的脂族链,使得醚脂质是醚酯甘油。应当理解,当醚脂质包括两条脂族链时,异构体形式是可能的。例如,当烷基或烯基醚连接至甘油二酯的甘油主链sn-1位置时,通过酯键连接至甘油主链的脂肪酸可以存在于甘油主链的sn-2或sn-3位置。同样,当通过酯键连接至甘油主链的脂肪酸存在于甘油二酯的sn-1位置时,连接至甘油主链的烷基或烯基醚可存在于甘油主链的sn-2或sn-3位置。在这方面,对于本领域技术人员将显而易见的是,当标记甘油二酯分子时,sn-1和sn-3位置将取决于分子的取向。例如,sn-1-O-二十烷基-sn-2-棕榈酰基-甘油和sn-3-O-二十烷基-sn-2-棕榈酰基-甘油是异构体。
还应当理解,当活性脂质剂是醚酯甘油时,活性脂质剂可以是二取代甘油的异构体形式的混合物,并且该混合物可以通过醚酯甘油异构体的混合物的摩尔百分比来表征。
因此,在一些优选的实施方式中,醚酯脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)及其混合物的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚酯脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚酯脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于50%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于50%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括不大于50%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和大于50%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
在一些优选的实施方式中,醚酯脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于5%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚酯脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于2%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。在一些优选的实施方式中,醚酯脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于1%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
本发明的结晶或无定形固体微粉化脂质颗粒可以包括其他活性剂,诸如亲水性、两亲性或亲脂性活性剂。在这些优选的实施方式的一些中,活性剂可以与载体脂质、与载体脂质和活性脂质、或活性脂质一起配制。
非活性脂质剂的合适活性剂包括许多不同类型的药物分子。以下描述了合适的示例性药物分子描。本领域技术人员将认识到,已知具有活性的化合物的完整分子、异构体以及片段代表对于包括可接受的化合物。
适合于包括在本发明的药物递送负载体中的活性剂包括但不限于小分子药物,生物型剂诸如基于蛋白质、RNA和DNA的治疗剂,以及具有治疗或预防益处或用于治疗疾病或病症的其他分子。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述剂选自稳定涂覆粘膜表面的薄膜的剂、润滑剂、增强涂覆粘膜表面的薄膜的润湿性的剂(例如普朗罗尼(pluronics))、用于治疗眼表的眼科剂、用于治疗眼周组织的眼科剂、用于治疗眼后部组织和疾病的眼科剂、用于治疗干眼的眼科剂(选自皮质类固醇、环孢菌素、立他司特或FDA批准的干眼治疗中的其他活性成分)、抗微生物剂、抗病毒剂、多肽抗微生物剂、抗真菌剂、缓冲剂、维生素或矿物质、镇痛剂、抗凝剂、凝血剂、抗炎剂、血管收缩剂、血管舒张剂、利尿剂、抗癌剂、营养剂、生长因子、神经营养剂、生物膜破坏剂、通过影响房水引流(aqueous drainage)和/或产生而影响眼内压的剂、新生血管形成剂的促进剂、新生血管形成剂的抑制剂、细胞外基质(ECM)剂、酶剂、酶抑制剂以及多肽剂及其组合。
在一些实施方式中,将抗微生物剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的抗微生物剂包括但不限于氯碳头孢、头孢氨苄、头孢羟氨苄、头孢克肟、头孢布烯、头孢丙烯、头孢泊肟、头孢拉定、头孢呋辛、头孢克洛、新霉素/多黏菌素/杆菌肽、双氯西林、呋喃妥因、大结晶呋喃妥因(nitrofurantoin macrocrystal)、呋喃妥因/大硝基呋喃(nitrofuran mac)、地红霉素、吉米沙星、氨苄西林、加替沙星、青霉素V钾、环丙沙星、依诺沙星、阿莫西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾、克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星、莫昔沙星、阿奇霉素、司帕沙星、头孢地尼、氧氟沙星、曲伐沙星、洛美沙星、乌洛托品、红霉素、诺氟沙星、克林霉素/过氧化苯甲酰、奎努普丁/达福普汀、多西环素、硫酸阿米卡星、万古霉素、卡那霉素、奈替米星、链霉素、硫酸妥布霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、四环素、新霉素B(framycetin)、米诺环素、萘啶酸、地美环素、甲氧苄啶、咪康唑、多粘菌素E甲磺酸盐(colistimethate)、哌拉西林钠/三唑巴坦钠、巴龙霉素、黏菌素/新霉素/氢化可的松、杀阿米巴剂(amebicides)、磺胺异噁唑、喷他脒、磺胺嘧啶、磷酸克林霉素、甲硝唑、苯唑西林钠、萘夫西林钠、盐酸万古霉素、克林霉素、头孢噻肟钠、复方新诺明(co-trimoxazole)、替卡西林二钠、哌拉西林钠、替卡西林二钠/克拉维酸钾、新霉素、达托霉素、头孢唑啉钠、头孢西丁钠、头孢唑肟钠、青霉素G钾和钠、头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、亚胺培南/西司他丁钠、氨曲南、西诺沙星、红霉素/磺胺异噁唑、头孢替坦二钠、氨苄西林钠/舒巴坦钠、头孢哌酮钠、头孢孟多酯钠(cefamandole nafate)、庆大霉素、磺胺异噁唑/非那吡啶、妥布霉素、林可霉素、新霉素/多黏菌素B/短杆菌肽、盐酸克林霉素、兰索拉唑/克拉霉素/阿莫西林、阿拉沙星、利奈唑烷、次水杨酸铋/甲硝唑/四环素、红霉素/过氧化苯甲酰、莫匹罗星、磷霉素、喷他脒羟乙基磺酸盐、亚胺培南/西司他丁、醋竹桃霉素、加替沙星、氯霉素、环丝氨酸、新霉素/多黏菌素B/氢化可的松、厄他培南、美罗培南、头孢菌素、氟康唑、头孢吡肟、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶、新霉素/多黏菌素B、青霉素类、利福平/异烟肼、依托红霉素(erythromycin estolate)、琥乙红霉素(erythromycin ethylsuccinate)、硬脂酸红霉素、氨苄西林三水合物、氨苄西林/丙磺舒、柳氮磺吡啶、磺胺、磺胺醋酰钠、氨苯砜、盐酸多西环素、甲氧苄啶(trimenthoprim)/磺胺、扁桃酸乌洛托品、杀疟原虫剂(plasmodicides)、乙胺嘧啶、羟氯喹、磷酸氯喹、杀毛滴虫剂(trichomonocides)、驱肠虫剂、阿托伐醌、杆菌肽、杆菌肽/多黏菌素b、庆大霉素、新霉素/多黏菌素/地塞米松、硫磺新霉素/地塞米松、磺胺醋酰/泼尼松龙、磺胺醋酰/去氧肾上腺素、硫酸妥布霉素/地塞米松、三溴酚铋、银离子化合物、银纳米颗粒、零价银、多价银、元素银和含银化合物,诸如磺胺嘧啶银及相关化合物、氯己定和生物膜破坏剂,诸如镓、色氨酸、咪唑衍生物、吲哚衍生物、大黄素(emodine)、根皮素、异柠檬尼酸(isolimonic acid)、7-epiclusianone、casbane二萜、香芹酚、白屈菜红碱、鞣花酸、单宁酸、白果新酸(ginkgoneolic acid)、白藜芦醇、葡萄素(viniferin)、二苯二硫醚、S-苯基-l-半胱氨酸亚砜、阿霍烯(ajoene)、溴化呋喃酮、n-酰基高丝氨酸内酯、skyllamycin、西松烷类(cembranoids)、carolacton等。
在一些实施方式中,将抗病毒剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的抗病毒剂包括但不限于金刚烷胺、阿昔洛韦、膦甲酸、茚地那韦、利巴韦林、恩夫韦肽、恩曲他滨、拉米夫定、硫酸阿巴卡韦、福米韦生、伐昔洛韦、替诺福韦、西多福韦、阿扎那韦、氨普那韦、甲磺酸地拉韦啶、泛昔洛韦、阿德福韦、去羟肌苷、依法韦仑、曲氟尿苷、茚地那韦(inidinavir)、拉米夫定、阿糖腺苷、洛匹那韦/利托那韦、更昔洛韦、扎那米韦、阿巴卡韦/拉米夫定/齐多夫定、拉米夫定/齐多夫定、奈非那韦、甲磺酸奈非那韦、奈韦拉平、利托那韦、沙奎那韦、甲磺酸沙奎那韦、金刚乙胺、司他夫定、二十二烷醇、扎西他滨、碘苷、齐多夫定、齐多夫定/去羟肌苷、缬更昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、拉米夫定和奥司他韦。
在一些实施方式中,将抗真菌剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的抗真菌剂包括但不限于两性霉素B、制霉菌素、制霉菌素/曲安西龙、伊曲康唑、酮康唑、咪康唑、硫康唑、克霉唑、克霉唑/倍他米松、恩康唑、益康唑、奥昔康唑、噻康唑、特康唑、布康唑、噻苯哒唑(thiabendazole)、氟胞嘧啶、布替萘芬、环吡酮、卤普罗近、萘替芬、托萘酯、那他霉素、十一碳烯酸、磺胺米隆、氨苯砜、氯碘羟喹、氯碘羟喹/氢化可的松、碘化钾、磺胺嘧啶银、龙胆紫(gentian violet)、石炭酸品红(carbol-fuchsin)、西洛芬净、舍他康唑、伏立康唑、氟康唑、特比萘芬、卡泊芬净、其他外用唑类药物和灰黄霉素。
在一些实施方式中,将缓冲剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的缓冲剂包括但不限于在一些实施方式中,本发明提供缓冲剂的使用和递送,包括但不限于马来酸、磷酸、甘氨酸、氯乙酸、甲酸、苯甲酸、乙酸、吡啶、哌嗪、MES、Bis-tris、碳酸盐、ACES、ADAMOPSO、PIPES、磷酸、BES、MOPS、TES、HEPES、DIPSO、TAPSO、三乙醇胺、HEPSO、Tris、Tricine、Bicine、TAPS、硼酸盐、氨、CHES、乙醇胺、CAPSO、甘氨酸、碳酸盐、CAPS、甲胺、哌啶和磷酸。
在一些实施方式中,将维生素或矿物质掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的维生素和矿物质包括但不限于维生素A、类胡萝卜素、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素C/抗坏血酸、B1/硫胺素、B2/核黄素、B3/烟酸、B5/泛酸、B6/吡哆醇、B12/钴胺素、生物素、钙、镁、磷、钠、氯化物、钾、硼、铬、铜、碘、铁、锰、硒和锌。
在一些实施方式中,将镇痛剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的镇痛剂包括但不限于对乙酰氨基酚、阿尼利定、乙酰水杨酸、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、芬太尼、柠檬酸芬太尼、可待因、罗非考昔、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、盐酸氢吗啡酮、左啡诺、盐酸阿芬太尼、哌替啶、盐酸哌替啶、美沙酮、吗啡、纳布啡、鸦片、左醋美沙朵(levomethadyl)、透明质酸钠、柠檬酸舒芬太尼、辣椒素、曲马多、来氟米特、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、塞来昔布、喷他佐辛、丙氧芬(propoxyphene)、苯佐卡因、利多卡因、地佐辛、可乐定、布他比妥、苯巴比妥、丁卡因、非那吡啶、磺胺甲噁唑/非那吡啶和磺胺异噁唑/非那吡啶。
在一些实施方式中,将抗凝剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的抗凝剂包括但不限于香豆素、1,3-茚二酮、茴茚二酮、磺达肝素、肝素、来匹卢定、抗凝血酶、华法林、依诺肝素、双嘧达莫、达肝素、阿地肝素、那屈肝素和亭扎肝素。
在一些实施方式中,将凝血剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的凝血剂包括但不限于因子I(纤维蛋白原)、因子II(凝血酶原)、因子III(促凝血酶原激酶、组织因子)、因子IV(钙)、因子V(不稳定因子)、因子VII(稳定因子)、因子VIII(抗血友病球蛋白、抗血友病球蛋白、抗血友病因子A)、因子IX(血浆促凝血酶原激酶组分、Christmas因子、抗血友病因子B)、因子X(Stuart因子、Prower因子、Stuart-Prower因子)、因子XI(血浆促凝血酶原激酶前体、抗血友病因子C)、因子XII(哈格曼因子(Hageman factor)、表面因子、接触因子)和因子XIII(纤维蛋白稳定因子、纤维蛋白稳定酶、血纤维形成酶(fibrinase))。
在一些实施方式中,将抗炎剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的抗炎剂包括但不限于NSAID,诸如双氯芬酸(也称为Voltaren、Abitren、Allvoran、Almiral、Alonpin、Anfenax、Artrites、Betaren、Blesin、Bolabomin、Cataflam、Clofec、Clofen、Cordralan、Curinflam、Diclomax、Diclosian、Dicsnal、Difenac、Ecofenac、Hizemin、Inflamac、Inflanac、Klotaren、Lidonin、Monoflam、Naboal、Oritaren、Remethan、Savismin、Silino、Staren、Tsudohmin、Voltarol、Voren、Voveran和Vurdon)、二氟尼柳(也称为Dolobid、Adomal、Diflonid、Diflunil、Dolisal、Dolobis、Dolocid、Donobid、Dopanone、Dorbid、Dugodol、Flovacil、Fluniget、Fluodonil、Flustar、Ilacen、Noaldol、Reuflos和Unisal)、依托度酸(也称为Lodine)、非诺洛芬(也称为Nalfon、Fenoprex、Fenopron、Fepron、Nalgesic和Progesic)、氟比洛芬(也称为Ansaid和Ocuflur)、布洛芬(也称为Rufen、Motrin、Aches-N-Pain、Advil、Nuprin、Dolgesic、Genpril、Haltran、Ibifon、Ibren、Ibumed、Ibuprin、Ibupro-600、Ibuprohm、Ibu-Tab、Ibutex、Ifen、Medipren、Midol 200、Motrin-IB、CrampEnd、Profen、Ro-Profen、Trendar、Alaxan、Brofen、Alfam、Brufen、Algofen、Brufort、Amersol、Bruzon、Andran、Buburone、Anflagen、Butacortelone、Apsifen、Deflem、Artofen、Dolgit、Artril、Dolocyl、Bloom、Donjust、Bluton、Easifon、Ebufac、Emflam、Emodin、Fenbid、Fenspan、Focus、Ibosure、Ibufen、Ibufug、Ibugen、Ibumetin、Ibupirac、Imbun、Inabrin、Inflam、Irfen、Librofen、Limidon、Lopane、Mynosedin、Napacetin、Nobafon、Nobgen、Novogent、Novoprofen、Nurofen、Optifen、Paduden、Paxofen、Perofen、Proartinal、Prontalgin、Q-Profen、Relcofen、Remofen、Roidenin、Seclodin、Tarein和Zofen)、吲哚美辛(也称为Indameth、Indocin、Amuno、Antalgin、Areumatin、Argilex、Artherexin、Arthrexin、Artrinovo、Bavilon、Bonidon、Boutycin、Chrono-Indocid、Cidalgon、Confortid、Confortind、Domecid、Durametacin、Elemetacin、Idicin、Imbrilon、Inacid、Indacin、Indecin、Indocap、Indocen、Indocid、Indoflex、Indolag、Indolar、Indomed、Indomee、Indometacinum、Indometicina、Indometin、Indovis、Indox、Indozu、Indrenin、Indylon、Inflazon、Inpan、Lauzit、Liometace、Metacen、Metindon、Metocid、Mezolin、Mobilan、Novomethacin、Peralgon、Reflox、Rheumacid、Rheumacin、Salinac、Servindomet、Toshisan和Vonum)、酮洛芬(也称为Orudis、Alrheumat、Alrheumun、Alrhumat、Aneol、Arcental、Dexal、Epatec、Fastum、Keduril、Kefenid、Keprofen、Ketofen、Ketonal、Ketosolan、Kevadon、Mero、Naxal、Oruvail、Profenid、Salient、Tofen和Treosin)、酮咯酸(也称为Toradol)、甲氯芬那酸(meclofenamate)(也称为Meclofen、Meclomen和Movens)、甲芬那酸(也称为Ponstel、Alpain、Aprostal、Benostan、Bonabol、Coslan、Dysman、Dyspen、Ecopan、Lysalgo、Manic、Mefac、Mefic、Mefix、Parkemed、Pondex、Ponsfen、Ponstan、Ponstyl、Pontal、Ralgec和Youfenam)、萘丁美酮(也称为Relafen)、萘普生(也称为Naprosyn、Anaprox、Aleve、Apranax、Apronax、Arthrisil、Artrixen、Artroxen、Bonyl、Congex、Danaprox、Diocodal、Dysmenalgit、Femex、Flanax、Flexipen、Floginax、Gibixen、Headlon、Laraflex、Laser、Leniartil、Nafasol、Naixan、Nalyxan、Napoton、Napren、Naprelan、Naprium、Naprius、Naprontag、Naprux、Napxen、Narma、Naxen、Naxid、Novonaprox、Nycopren、Patxen、Prexan、Prodexin、Rahsen、Roxen、Saritilron、Sinartrin、Sinton、Sutony、Synflex、Tohexen、Veradol、Vinsen和Xenar)、奥沙普秦(也称为Daypro)、吡罗昔康(也称为Feldene、Algidol、Antiflog、Arpyrox、Atidem、Bestocam、Butacinon、Desinflam、Dixonal、Doblexan、Dolonex、Feline、Felrox、Fuldin、Indene、Infeld、Inflamene、Lampoflex、Larapam、Medoptil、Novopirocam、Osteral、Pilox、Piraldene、Piram、Pirax、Piricam、Pirocam、Pirocaps、Piroxan、Piroxedol、Piroxim、Piton、Posidene、Pyroxy、Reucam、Rexicam、Riacen、Rosic、Sinalgico、Sotilen、Stopen和Zunden)、舒林酸(也称为Clinoril、Aflodac、Algocetil、Antribid、Arthridex、Arthrocine、Biflace、Citireuma、Clisundac、Imbaral、Lindak、Lyndak、Mobilin、Reumofil、Sudac、Sulene、Sulic、Sulindal、Suloril和Sulreuma)、托美丁(也称为Tolectin、Donison、Midocil、Reutol和Safitex)、塞来昔布(也称为Celebrex)、美洛昔康(也称为Mobic)、罗非考昔(也称为Vioxx)、伐地考昔(也称为Bextra)、阿司匹林(也称为Anacin、Ascriptin、Bayer、Bufferin、Ecotrin和Excedrin)和甾族抗炎药,包括依碳酸氯替泼诺、可的松、泼尼松和地塞米松。
在一些实施方式中,将血管收缩剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的血管收缩剂包括但不限于肾上腺素(epinephrine)(肾上腺素(adrenaline)、Susphrine)、盐酸去氧肾上腺素(Neo-Synephrine)、盐酸羟甲唑啉(Afrin)、去甲肾上腺素(Levophed)和咖啡因。
在一些实施方式中,将血管舒张剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的血管舒张剂包括但不限于波生坦(Tracleer)、依前列醇(Flolan)、曲前列尼尔(Remodulin)、西他生坦(sitaxsentan)、硝苯地平(Adalat、Procardia)、尼卡地平(Cardene)、维拉帕米(Calan、Covera-HS、Isoptin、Verelan)、地尔硫卓(DilacorXR、Diltia XT、Tiamate、Tiazac、Cardizem)、伊拉地平(DynaCirc)、尼莫地平(Nimotop)、氨氯地平(Norvasc)、非洛地平(Plendil)、尼索地平(Sular)、苄普地尔(Vascor)、肼屈嗪(Apresoline)、米诺地尔(Loniten)、二硝酸异山梨酯(Dilatrate-SR、Iso-Bid、Isonate、Isorbid、Isordil、Isotrate、Sorbitrate)、单硝酸异山梨酯(IMDUR)、哌唑嗪(Minipress)、西洛他唑(Pletal)、曲前列尼尔(Remodulin)、环扁桃酯、异克舒令(Vasodilan)、苄丙酚胺(Arlidin)、硝酸盐(Deponit、Minitran、Nitro-Bid、Nitrodisc、Nitro-Dur、Nitrol、Transderm-Nitro)、贝那普利(Lotensin)、贝那普利和氢氯噻嗪(Lotensin HCT)、卡托普利(Capoten)、卡托普利和氢氯噻嗪(Capozide)、依那普利(Vasotec)、依那普利和氢氯噻嗪(Vaseretic)、福辛普利(Monopril)、赖诺普利(Prinivil、Zestril)、赖诺普利和氢氯噻嗪(Prinzide、Zestoretic)、莫昔普利(Univasc)、莫昔普利和氢氯噻嗪(Uniretic)、培哚普利(Aceon)、喹那普利(Accupril)、喹那普利和氢氯噻嗪(Accuretic)、雷米普利(Altace)、群多普利(Mavik)、罂粟碱(Cerespan、Genabid、Pavabid、Pavabid HP、Pavacel、Pavacot、Pavagen、Pavarine、Pavased、Pavatine、Pavatym、Paverolan)。
在一些实施方式中,将利尿剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的利尿剂包括但不限于乙酰唑胺(Diamox)、二氯苯磺胺(Daranide)、醋甲唑胺(Neptazane)、苯氟噻嗪(Naturetin)、苄噻嗪(Exna)、氯噻嗪(Diuril)、氯噻酮(Hygroton)、氢氯噻嗪(Esidrix、HydroDiuril、Microzide)、氢氟噻嗪(Diucardin)、吲达帕胺(Lozol)、甲氯噻嗪(Enduron)、美托拉宗(Zaroxolyn、Mykrox)、泊利噻嗪(Renese)、喹乙宗(Hydromox)、三氯噻嗪(Naqua)、布美他尼(Bumex)、依他尼酸(Edecrin)、呋塞米(Lasix)、托拉塞米(Demadex)、阿米洛利(Midamor)、阿米洛利和氢氯噻嗪(Moduretic)、螺内酯(Aldactone)、螺内酯和氢氯噻嗪(Aldactazide)、氨苯蝶啶(Dyrenium)、氨苯蝶啶和氢氯噻嗪(Dyazide、Maxzide)。
在一些实施方式中,将抗癌剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的抗癌剂包括但不限于阿地白介素、阿仑珠单抗、阿利维A酸、别嘌呤醇、六甲蜜胺、氨磷汀、阿那格雷、阿那罗唑、三氧化二砷、天冬酰胺酶、贝沙罗汀、比卡鲁胺、博来霉素、白消安、卡普睾酮、卡培他滨、卡铂、卡莫司汀、塞来昔布、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、克拉立滨、环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷、达卡巴嗪、放线菌素D、达依泊汀α、柔红霉素、道诺霉素(daunomycin)、右雷佐生、多西他赛、多柔比星、依泊汀α、雌莫司汀、依托泊苷、磷酸依托泊苷、依西美坦、非格司亭、氟尿苷、氟达拉滨、氟他胺、氟维司群、吉西他滨、吉妥珠单抗奥加米星、醋酸戈舍瑞林、羟基脲、替伊莫单抗、伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、甲磺酸伊马替尼、干扰素α-2a、干扰素α-2b、伊立替康、来氟米特、来罗唑、甲酰四氢叶酸、左旋咪唑、洛莫司汀、meclorethamine(氮芥)、醋酸甲地孕酮、美法仑、巯嘌呤、美司钠、甲氨蝶呤、甲氧沙林(methoxsalen)、丝裂霉素C、米托坦、米托蒽醌、吗替麦考酚酯(mycophenolate mofetil)、苯丙酸诺龙(nandrolone phenpropionate)、尼鲁米特、nofetumomab、奥普瑞白介素、奥沙利铂、紫杉醇、帕米膦酸、培加酶、培门冬酶、培非司亭、喷司他丁、哌泊溴烷、普卡霉素、卟吩姆钠、丙卡巴肼、奎纳克林(quinacrine)、拉布立酶利妥昔单抗、沙格司亭、链佐星、他克莫司、他莫昔芬、替莫唑胺、替尼泊苷、睾内酯、硫鸟嘌呤、塞替派、拓扑替康、托瑞米芬、托西莫单抗、曲司珠单抗、维A酸、尿嘧啶芥、戊柔比星、长春碱、长春新碱、长春瑞滨和唑来膦酸。
在一些实施方式中,将营养剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的营养剂包括但不限于突触蛋白聚糖(agrin)、双调蛋白、artemin、心肌营养因子-1、表皮生长因子,包括EGF;成纤维细胞生长因子(例如,FGF-1、FGF-2、FGF-3、FGF-4、FGF-5、FGF-6和FGF-7);LIF、CSF-1、CSF-2、CSF-3、促红细胞生成素、内皮细胞生长因子(包括ECGF);FGF-和ECGF-相关生长因子(例如,内皮细胞刺激血管生成因子、肿瘤血管生成因子、视网膜-源性生长因子(RDGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、脑-源性生长因子(BDGF-A和B)、星形胶质细胞生长因子(AGF 1和2)、网膜源性生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子和片段,诸如SSSR、成纤维细胞-刺激因子(FSF)和胚胎性癌-源性生长因子(ECDGF);神经营养生长因子(例如,神经生长因子(NGF)、neurturin、脑-源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经营养因子-3、神经营养因子-4和睫状神经营养因子(CNTF));胶质细胞生长因子(例如,GGF-I、GGF-II、GGF-III、胶质细胞成熟因子(GMF)和胶质细胞-源性神经营养因子(GDNF));肝脏生长因子(例如,肝细胞生成素A、肝细胞生成素B和肝细胞生长因子,包括HGF);前列腺生长因子,包括前列腺-源性生长因子(PGF);乳腺生长因子,包括乳腺-源性生长因子1(MDGF-1)和乳腺肿瘤-源性因子(MTGF);心脏生长因子,包括非肌细胞-源性生长因子(NMDGF);黑素细胞生长因子,包括促黑素细胞激素(MSH)和黑素瘤生长-刺激活性(MGSA);血管生成因子(例如,血管生成蛋白、促血管素(angiotropin)、血小板-源性ECGF、VEGF和多效生长因子(pleiotrophin));转化生长因子,包括TGF-α和TGF-β;TGF样生长因子(例如,TGF-β1、TGF-β2、TGF-β3、GDF-1、CDGF、肿瘤-源性TGF样因子、ND-TGF和人上皮转化因子);具有生长因子-样特性的调节肽(例如,铃蟾肽和铃蟾肽-样肽蛙紧张肽和雨滨蛙肽、血管紧张素、内皮素、心房利钠因子、血管活性肠肽和缓激肽);血小板-源性生长因子,包括PDGF-A、PDGF-B和PDGF-AB;神经肽(例如,P物质、降钙素基因调节肽(CGRP)和神经肽Y);神经递质及其类似物,包括去甲肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱和卡巴胆碱;刺猬蛋白、调蛋白/神经调节蛋白、IL-1、破骨细胞-激活因子(OAF)、淋巴细胞-激活因子(LAF)、肝细胞-刺激因子(HSF)、B-细胞-激活因子(BAF)、肿瘤抑制因子2(TIF-2)、角质形成细胞-源性T-细胞生长因子(KD-TCGF)、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、基质细胞-源性细胞因子(SCDC)、IL-12、IL-13、IL-14、IL-15、胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子,包括IGF-1、IGF-2和IGF-BP;干扰素,包括INF-α、INF-β和INF-γ;瘦素、中期因子、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α和β)、netrins、saposins、信号素类(semaphorins)、人蛋氨生长素(somatrem)、生长激素(somatropin)、干细胞因子、VVGF、骨形态发生蛋白质(BMP)、粘附分子、其他细胞因子、肝素结合生长因子和酪氨酸激酶受体配体。在一些实施方式中,营养剂是肽,诸如AcEEED,其是α平滑肌肌动蛋白的N末端肽并且已显示抑制肌成纤维细胞的收缩特性。
在一些实施方式中,将细胞外基质(ECM)剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的ECM剂包括但不限于以下的天然构建体、天然构建体的片段和合成类似物:细胞外基质蛋白、源自真核细胞系的重构基膜样复合物、胶原、纤连蛋白、层粘连蛋白、VCAM-1、玻连蛋白和明胶、细菌细胞外基质、凝胶基质和聚合物基质。在一些实施方式中,伤口活性剂是整合素结合序列,由以下例示但不限于以下:RGD、EILDV、VCAM-1及其重组或合成的类似物、酶、酶抑制剂和多肽。
在一些实施方式中,将酶剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的酶剂包括但不限于外肽酶和内肽酶(也称为蛋白酶(proteases)和蛋白酶(proteinases)),包括但不限于丝氨酸蛋白酶糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶和激肽释放酶、细菌酶、半胱氨酸蛋白酶木瓜蛋白酶、辅肌动蛋白、菠萝蛋白酶、组织蛋白酶、胞质钙蛋白酶、寄生蛋白酶、天冬氨酸蛋白酶、蛋白酶胃蛋白酶和凝乳酶的胃蛋白酶家族、溶酶体组织蛋白酶D、肾素、真菌蛋白酶、病毒蛋白酶、AIDS病毒逆转肽酶(retropepsin)和金属蛋白酶(MMP)、胶原酶、Maggott酶、MMP1、MMP2、MMP8、MMP13、明胶酶、MMP2、MMP9、MMP3、MMP7、MMP10、MMP11和MMP12。
在一些实施方式中,将酶抑制剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的酶抑制剂包括但不限于NSAIDS、阿司匹林、卡托普利、塞奥芬(thiorphan)、膦酰二肽、替普罗肽、蛋白酶和蛋白酶抑制剂、金属蛋白酶抑制剂和外肽酶抑制剂。
在一些实施方式中,将多肽抗微生物剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的多肽抗微生物剂包括但不限于α-防御肽HNP 1、2、3和4,以及β-防御肽HBD-1、HBD-2、HBD-3和抗菌肽(cathelicidins)。其他合适的多肽抗微生物剂包括爪蟾抗菌肽(例如,爪蟾抗菌肽I、爪蟾抗菌肽II、爪蟾肽、爪蟾肽前体片段、雨蛙素前体片段)、爪蟾抗菌肽I和II类似物(例如,PGLa、爪蟾抗菌肽A、爪蟾抗菌肽G、pexiganin、Z-12、pexiganin醋酸盐、D35、MSI-78A、MG0(K10E、K11E、F12W-爪蟾抗菌肽2)、MG2+(K10E、F12W-爪蟾抗菌肽-2)、MG4+(F12W-爪蟾抗菌肽2)、MG6+(f12W、E19Q-爪蟾抗菌肽2酰胺)、MSI-238、反向爪蟾抗菌肽II类似物(例如,53D、87-ISM和A87-ISM)、Ala-爪蟾抗菌肽II酰胺、爪蟾抗菌肽II酰胺)、杀菌肽P1、杀菌肽A、杀菌肽B、indolicidin、乳酸链球菌素、ranalexin、乳铁蛋白B、聚-L-赖氨酸、杀菌肽A(1-8)-爪蟾抗菌肽II(1-12)、杀菌肽A(1-8)-蜂毒肽(1-12)、CA(1-13)-MA(1-13)、CA(1-13)-ME(1-13)、短杆菌肽、短杆菌肽A、短杆菌肽D、短杆菌肽S、丙甲甘肽、抗微生物肽(protegrin)、组胺素(histatin)、皮抑菌肽、慢病毒两亲肽或类似物、鲶鱼抗菌肽I(parasin I)、lycotoxinI或II、球霉素(globomycin)、短杆菌肽S、表面活性肽、ralinomycin、缬氨霉素、多黏菌素B、PM2((+/-)1-(4-氨基丁基)-6-苄基茚满)、PM2c((+/-)-6-苄基-1-(3)-羧丙基)茚满)、PM3((+/-)1-苄基-6-(4-氨基丁基)茚满)、鲎抗菌肽、buforin I或II、misgurin、蜂毒肽、PR-39、PR-26、9-苯基壬胺、paradaxin、Bac 5、Bac 7、ceratoxin、mdelin 1和5、bombin样肽、PGQ、cathelicidin、HD-5、Oabac5α、ChBac5、SMAP-29、Bac7.5、乳铁蛋白、溶粒素、含硫蛋白、hevein和Knottin样肽、MPG1、1bAMP、snakin、脂质转移蛋白和植物防御肽。表1中提供了上述化合物的示例性系列组分。在一些实施方式中,抗微生物肽由L-氨基酸合成,而在其他实施方式中,肽由D-氨基酸合成或包括D-氨基酸。
在一些实施方式中,将多肽剂掺入固体脂质颗粒中。合适的多肽剂包括但不限于抗体和免疫球蛋白及其片段、单链抗体、人源化抗体、纤连蛋白、血清素、PAF、PDEGF、TNFa、IL1、IL6、IGF、IGF-1、IGF-2、IL-1、PDGF、FGF、KGF、VEGF、缓激肽、前胸腺素α和胸腺素-α1。
本发明的微粉化脂质颗粒用于多种药物递送系统和装置。
在一些优选的实施方式中,微粉化脂质颗粒以液体组合物提供,最优选以与粘膜表面相容的水性悬浮液提供。根据本发明的术语“液体组合物”意指包括如上所述的结晶和无定形固体低熔融温度微粉化颗粒的任何含水液体、溶液或悬浮液,其可以被施加于人体或动物体并且可以任选地包括如上文详细描述的活性剂或活性脂质剂。在一些优选的实施方式中,液体组合物进一步包括赋形剂,诸如脂质、油、亲脂性维生素、润滑剂、粘度剂、酸、碱、抗氧化剂、稳定剂、增效剂、着色剂、增稠剂,以及如果在特定情况下需要的话防腐剂或表面活性剂及其混合物。
有用的赋形剂可以在微粉化过程中添加到低熔点悬浮结晶或无定形固体中,并且包括但不限于甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、戊二醇、液体石蜡和甘油三酯油。这些添加的赋形剂可以是治疗上有益的或者可以被添加以调节低熔点悬浮固体的熔点或微粉化粒度。可以将其他赋形剂添加到制剂的水性组分中作为粘度调节剂、稳定性增强剂和治疗有益的添加剂。
有用的抗氧化剂包括但不限于维生素E或维生素E衍生物、抗坏血酸、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、没食子酸酯、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)或乙酰半胱氨酸。
在一些特别优选的实施方式中,微粉化结晶或无定形固体脂质颗粒提供在眼科上可接受的负载体或载体的水性悬浮液中。可以包括在载体组分中的其他组分包括但不限于缓冲剂组分、张力组分、防腐剂组分、pH调节剂、人工泪液中常见的粘度增强组分(诸如一种或多种电解质)等及其混合物。在一种非常有用的实施方式中,载体组分包括以下中的至少一种:有效量的缓冲剂组分;有效量的张力组分;有效量的粘性组分、有效量的密度组分、有效量的防腐剂组分;以及水。
这些额外组分优选是眼科上可接受的并且可以选自眼科组合物中常规使用的材料,例如用于治疗患有干眼综合征或其他眼睛疾患的眼睛的组合物、人工泪液制剂等。
本发明的组合物中这些额外组分的可接受的有效浓度对于技术人员来说是容易显而易见的。
液体组合物可以单独或与药学上可接受的物质组合给药至眼睛的眼表或如本文所述的其他粘膜表面,所述药学上可接受的物质包括缓冲溶液,例如磷酸盐缓冲盐水或惰性载体化合物、甘油、矿物油、蜡或类似物质。
上述脂质化合物的剂量根据制剂和递送方法进行优化,并且给药方式由常规方案确定,并有效治疗人类眼部疾患症状。
包括微粉化脂质颗粒的液体组合物可用作局部给药治疗药物的负载体。上文描述了合适的治疗药物并且包括活性化合物,包括活性脂质化合物。特别地,本发明的液体组合物用于递送任何所需的治疗剂或治疗剂的组合,包括活性脂质剂、抗生素剂、抗病毒剂、抗真菌剂、抗癌剂、抗青光眼剂、抗炎剂、促分泌素,例如但不限于促进流泪、流涎或刺激可溶性粘蛋白释放和/或促进粘膜表面润湿性和/或润滑性的细胞相关粘蛋白表达的剂、镇痛剂、免疫调节剂、大分子或其混合物。
在一些特别优选的实施方式中,可包括在本发明的液体组合物中(包括液体组合物中的微粉化脂质颗粒中)的治疗剂包括但不限于NMDA拮抗剂、抗组胺剂、抗寄生物剂、缩瞳剂、拟交感神经剂、抗胆碱剂、局部麻醉剂、杀阿米巴剂、杀毛滴虫剂、散瞳剂、碳酸酐酶抑制剂、眼科诊断剂,用于治疗干眼的眼科剂,包括但不限于立他司特、环孢菌素、皮质类固醇和类固醇;在手术中用作佐剂的眼科剂、螯合剂、抗肿瘤剂、诊断剂、肾上腺素能麻醉剂、β阻滞剂、α-2-激动剂、睫状肌麻痹剂、前列腺素、ace-抑制剂、内源性细胞因子、影响基膜的剂、影响内皮细胞生长的剂、肾上腺素能激动剂或阻滞剂、胆碱能激动剂或阻滞剂、醛糖还原酶抑制剂、镇痛剂、麻醉剂、抗变态反应剂、抗炎剂、抗高血压剂、升压剂、抗菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗真菌剂、抗原生动物剂、抗感染剂、抗肿瘤剂、抗代谢剂、抗血管生成剂、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、抗生素诸如氨基糖苷类诸如庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素和万古霉素;霉素类(amphenicols)诸如氯霉素;头孢菌素类,诸如盐酸头孢唑林;青霉素类,诸如氨苄西林、青霉素、羧苄西林、oxycillin、甲氧西林;林可酰胺类,诸如林可霉素;多肽抗生素,诸如多黏菌素和杆菌肽;四环素类,诸如四环素;喹诺酮类,诸如环丙沙星(ciproflaxin)等;磺酰胺类,诸如氯胺T;和砜类,诸如作为亲水性实体的磺胺酸,抗病毒药物,例如阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、阿糖腺苷、叠氮胸苷、双脱氧肌苷、双脱氧胞嘧啶、地塞米松、环丙沙星,水溶性抗生素,诸如阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、阿糖腺苷、叠氮胸苷、双脱氧肌苷、双脱氧胞嘧啶;肾上腺素;异氟磷(isoflurphate);阿霉素(adriamycin);博来霉素;丝裂霉素;ara-C;放线菌素D;东莨菪碱;以及类似物,镇痛剂,诸如可待因、吗啡、酮咯酸(keterolac)、萘普生等,麻醉剂,例如利多卡因;β-肾上腺素能阻滞剂或β-肾上腺素能激动剂,例如麻黄碱(ephidrine)、肾上腺素等;醛糖还原酶抑制剂,例如依帕司他、泊那司他、索比尼尔、托瑞司他;抗变态反应剂,例如色甘酸、倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、地塞米松和氟尼缩松;秋水仙碱;抗阿米巴剂(antiamebic agents),例如氯喹和金霉素;以及抗真菌剂,例如两性霉素等,抗血管生成化合物,诸如醋酸阿奈可他,抗青光眼剂,诸如溴莫尼定、乙酰唑胺、比马前列素、噻吗洛尔、mebefunolol;美金刚;α-2肾上腺素能受体激动剂;2ME2;抗赘生物剂,诸如长春碱、长春新碱、干扰素;α、β和γ;抗代谢剂,诸如叶酸类似物、嘌呤类似物和嘧啶类似物;免疫抑制剂,诸如硫唑嘌呤(azathiprine)、环孢菌素和咪唑立宾;缩瞳剂,诸如卡巴胆碱;散瞳剂,诸如阿托品等;蛋白酶抑制剂,诸如抑肽酶、卡莫司他、加贝酯;血管舒张剂,诸如缓激肽等;以及各种生长因子,诸如表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、神经生长因子等,包括其衍生物及其混合物。
以液体组合物给药的有效量的微粉化脂质颗粒通过常规方法指定,并且可以与眼科负载体中使用的药学上可接受的物质组合,包括缓冲溶液,例如磷酸盐缓冲盐水,或惰性载体化合物、甘油、矿物油或类似物质。根据制剂和递送方法优化微粉化脂质颗粒的剂量,并且通过常规方案确定给药模式以有效治疗受试者的相关疾患或症状,例如眼部疾患或与粘膜相关的其他疾患。
在一些优选的实施方式中,包括悬浮的微粉化固体脂质颗粒的液体组合物被局部给药,例如作为滴眼剂。因此,在一些优选的实施方式中,包括微粉化脂质颗粒的液体组合物是脂质在容器、最优选液滴分配器中提供的生理学上相容性载体中的稳定悬浮液。合适的液滴分配器是本领域已知的并且包括以下中描述的那些:美国专利号10,507,132;10,265,214;9,999,540;9,545,333;7,846,140;7,563,256;7,527,613;6,736,802;5,810,794;5,578,020和5,558,653;所有这些均以其全文通过援引并入本文。
在还另外实施方式中,包括微粉化液体或固体脂质颗粒的液体组合物可以作为滴剂从任何数量的容器递送至眼表,所述容器包括无菌一次性容器、吹灌封容器、多用途容器,所述溶剂包含保存或未保存的微粉化液体或固体脂质颗粒在水性组分中的微粉化悬浮液,所述悬浮液被缓冲至pH为5至8之间,浓度为250-35mOsmol/L。
在一些优选的实施方式中,包括微粉化脂质颗粒的液体组合物是微粉化结晶或无定形固体脂质颗粒的悬浮液。在一些优选的实施方式中,液体组合物是包含润湿剂和增稠剂的PBS,以将微粉化结晶或无定形固体脂质颗粒维持为PBS中的稳定悬浮液,pH 5-8,渗透浓度为250至350mOsm/L,粘度为100或更小。在一些优选的实施方式中,悬浮液包括缓冲剂并且可以包含防腐剂或不含防腐剂。在一些优选的实施方式中,悬浮液包括稳定剂。
在还其他优选的实施方式中,药物递送负载体是医疗插入装置。如本文所用,医疗插入装置是指可插入受试者身体内或身体上的固体三维结构,诸如插入眼睛、阴道、直肠、鼻、口等。在一些优选的实施方式中,医疗插入装置由形成为装置的三维结构的微粉化脂质颗粒形成。在其他优选的实施方式中,装置由生理学上可接受的材料形成。合适的生理学上可接受的材料包括金属、凝胶、聚合物、蛋白质材料等。在这些实施方式中,装置用微粉化脂质颗粒涂覆或浸渍。
在一些优选的实施方式中,生理学上可接受的材料是生理学上可接受的聚合物。在一些优选的实施方式中,生理学上可接受的聚合物选自由羟丙基纤维素、水凝胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和硅酮丙烯酸酯组成的组。在一些实施方式中,优选适合于施加于粘膜的可生物溶蚀的聚合物膜,诸如聚(乳酸/乙醇酸-PLGA)和聚(ε-己内酯)。在还其他优选的实施方式中,生理学上可接受的聚合物选自由以下组成的组:丁酰基-三己基-柠檬酸酯、二(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯、二异壬基-1,2-环己烷二甲酸酯、膨胀PTFE、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、高密度PE、高交联PE、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、低密度聚(乙烯)、聚(酰胺)、聚(丙烯腈)、聚(碳酸酯)、聚(己内酯二醇)、聚(D-乳酸)、聚(二甲基硅氧烷)、聚(二噁烷酮)、聚(乙烯)、聚醚醚酮、聚(乙二醇)、聚(环氧乙烷)、聚酯聚合物合金、聚醚砜、聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯)、聚(乳酸-co-乙醇酸)、聚(L-乳酸)、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(甲基戊烯)、聚(丙烯)、聚砜、聚(四氟乙烯)、聚(乙烯醇)、聚(氯乙烯)、聚(偏二氟乙烯)、聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、聚(苯乙烯-b-异丁烯-b-苯乙烯)和超高分子量PE。
本发明的医疗插入装置可以是与插入受试者身体的期望区域相容的任何形状或尺寸。在一些优选的实施方式中,插入物的形状为片状、杆状、球状、部分球状、管状、圆柱状、三角形、圆锥状等。在一些优选的实施方式中,当插入物将被放置为与受试者的眼睛表面接触时,插入物可以优选地是泪点塞、诸如接触镜片的镜片、或诸如LACRISERTTM的眼科插入物。在一些实施方式中,医疗插入装置是可再充的,使得本发明的微粉化脂质颗粒可以在使用后补充到装置中并且装置重复使用。在其他优选的实施方式中,该装置是一次性装置。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明的药物递送装置用于将活性剂递送至受试者身体的粘膜表面。示例性粘膜表面包括但不限于眼粘膜表面、阴道粘膜表面、宫颈粘膜表面、输卵管粘膜表面、呼吸系统粘膜表面、鼻粘膜表面、口咽粘膜表面、口腔粘膜表面、直肠粘膜表面、消化系统粘膜表面和食道粘膜表面。
在一些实施方式中,将药物递送负载体施加或给药至粘膜表面。在一些优选的实施方式中,给药是局部的。在还其他优选的实施方式中,给药是球后、前房内、玻璃体内、脉络膜上和视网膜下递送途径。在一些实施方式中,药物递送负载体被施加或植入粘膜表面下。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述粘膜表面是眼粘膜表面并且所述药物递送负载体被植入或施加在结膜或眼球筋膜下。
在一些优选的实施方式中,活性剂经由粘膜表面递送到受试者体内。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明的药物递送负载体用于治疗多种疾患、疾病和病症。在一些优选的实施方式中,疾患、疾病或病症与粘膜表面相关。
在一些优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中的眼部疾病或疾患的方法,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:干眼、炎性干眼、蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状、临床体征或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征。在一些优选的实施方式中,可以通过小于平均的泪膜破裂时间测量值来鉴定需要治疗的受试者。在一些优选的实施方式中,将治疗有效量的配制为微粉化脂质颗粒的活性剂优选通过眼睛的粘膜表面给药至受试者。在一些优选的实施方式中,微粉化结晶或无定形固体脂质颗粒作为呈眼科上可接受的溶液的悬浮液给药于眼睛。在一些优选的实施方式中,将微粉化结晶或无定形固体脂质颗粒作为呈眼科上可接受的溶液的化学和物理稳定的悬浮液给药于眼睛,在室温下的保质期超过1天。在一些优选的实施方式中,将微粉化结晶或无定形固体脂质颗粒作为呈眼科上可接受的溶液的化学和物理稳定的悬浮液给药于眼睛,在室温下的保质期超过1周。在一些优选的实施方式中,将微粉化结晶或无定形固体脂质颗粒作为呈眼科上可接受的溶液的化学和物理稳定的悬浮液给药于眼睛,在室温下的保质期超过1个月。在一些优选的实施方式中,将微粉化结晶或无定形固体脂质颗粒作为呈眼科上可接受的溶液的化学和物理稳定的悬浮液给药于眼睛,在室温下的保质期超过1年。
在一些优选的实施方式中,将微粉化脂质颗粒作为呈眼科上可接受的溶液的化学和物理稳定的悬浮液给药于眼睛,在室温下的保质期超过1天。在一些优选的实施方式中,将微粉化脂质颗粒作为呈眼科上可接受的溶液的化学和物理稳定的悬浮液给药于眼睛,在室温下的保质期超过1周。在一些优选的实施方式中,将微粉化脂质颗粒作为呈眼科上可接受的溶液的化学和物理稳定的悬浮液给药于眼睛,在室温下的保质期超过1个月。在一些优选的实施方式中,将微粉化脂质颗粒作为呈眼科上可接受的溶液的化学和物理稳定的悬浮液给药于眼睛,在室温下的保质期超过1年。在还其他优选的实施方式中,固体微粉化脂质颗粒在延长的时间段内将活性脂质剂或其他活性剂释放至包括泪膜脂质层的泪膜。在还其他优选的实施方式中,固体微粉化脂质颗粒在单剂量后12至24小时的时间段内将活性脂质剂或其他活性剂释放至包括泪膜脂质层的泪膜。在还其他优选的实施方式中,固体微粉化脂质颗粒在单滴施加至眼睛表面后12至24小时的时间段内将活性脂质剂或其他活性剂释放至包括泪膜脂质层的泪膜。在还其他优选的实施方式中,固体微粉化脂质颗粒在体积小于50微升的单滴后在24小时的时间段内将活性脂质剂或其他活性剂释放至包括泪膜脂质层的泪膜。在还其他优选的实施方式中,将微粉化脂质颗粒嵌入或注入插入装置中,该插入装置能够在延长的时间段内将微粉化脂质颗粒释放至包括泪膜脂质层的泪膜。这样的装置由以下例示但不限于以下:泪点塞、接触镜片、羟丙基纤维素插入物(例如,LACRISERTTM)或其他类似装置。
在其他优选的实施方式中,本发明的药物递送装置用于治疗与粘膜功能障碍相关的疾病或疾患,包括口、鼻或阴道干燥、阴道酵母菌感染、呼吸道粘膜疾病、口腔溃疡、表面活性物质功能障碍、多肽抗微生物剂、疱疹(由HSV-1和HSV-2两者引起)、粘膜类天疱疮、口腔扁平苔藓、干燥综合征(syndrome)、毛状白斑、粘膜寻常型天疱疮和慢性阿弗他口炎。在这些实施方式中,将治疗有效量的配制在微粉化脂质颗粒中的活性剂给药至相关粘膜。
本发明的范围不受示例性实施方式的限制,这些实施方式仅旨在作为本发明的具体方面的说明。尽管上文描述了根据本发明用包括活性剂的微粉化脂质颗粒治疗粘膜疾患的具体方法,其目的在于说明本发明可以有利地使用的方式,但是应当理解的是,本发明不限于此。例如,本发明的方法和组合物可用于治疗未列出的其他粘膜病症和疾患。因此,本领域技术人员可能想到的任何和所有变化和修改都被认为处于所附权利要求中限定的本发明的范围和精神内。
实施例
实施例1-合成MCAL-201
1-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG;本文称为MCAL-201)使用由四个独立化学步骤组成的工艺制造。通过气流粉碎将固体药物物质(DS)进一步加工成1-10μm尺寸的微粉化固体颗粒,适合悬浮在磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)负载体中,该负载体包含聚山梨醇酯80和黄原胶以稳定微粉化颗粒的悬浮液。
MCAL-201药品(DP)作为固体微粉化(气流粉碎的)MCAL-201的无菌未保存水性悬浮液提供,该悬浮液在白色一次性高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)滴管小瓶中,用于作为35μL的滴直接给药于眼表。
MCAL-201是1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG),并且具有以下结构:
MCAL-201的通用特性和理化特性为:
1,2-EPRG具有611.05g/mol的分子量
经验式:C39H78O4
外观:白色粉末
粒度:1-10μm(微粉化后)
吸湿性:低
手性:外消旋
对映异构体过量:0
熔点:57℃
溶解性:不溶于水。可溶于氯仿(40mg/mL)和蓖麻油(25mg/mL)
制造工艺通过从外消旋丙酮缩甘油(solketal)开始的一系列独立合成步骤,生产出活性药物成分(API),MCAL-201,为两种对映异构体的1:1外消旋混合物。单元操作顺序示出于图1中。
制造了一批420克的MCAL-201。分析证书(CoA)表明MCAL 201药物物质是1,2-EPRG和1,3-EPRG的99:1混合物。该批次用于本文进一步详细描述的非临床研究。遵循图1中描述的合成,MCAL-201通过气流粉碎或喷雾干燥进一步加工,以达到1至10微米的微粒尺寸范围,如通过悬浮在PBS中的微粉化固体的动态光散射(DLS)确定的(参见图2)。
由于MCAL-201在水中极不溶,在不进行微粉化的情况下将MCAL-201溶解在水性制剂中作为滴眼剂递送被证明是困难的。然而,MCAL-201的水溶性环糊精包合络合物制剂用于非临床功效研究。此外,可在水性缓冲液中乳化成微米尺寸的液体颗粒的MCAL-201在蓖麻油中的溶液可用于将MCAL-201直接递送至泪膜脂质层。
这些环糊精和乳化的蓖麻油制剂被证明对干眼动物模型有效。MCAL-201在液体溶液相中缺乏长期化学稳定性,具有不可接受水平的棕榈酰基基团从MCAL-201中的2位到热力学更稳定的3位的酰基迁移。观察到MCAL-201在固相中的异构体稳定性远大于溶液中。这导致了固体MCAL-201作为悬浮在与泪液等渗的水基制剂中的结晶或无定形微粉化固体颗粒的悬浮液递送的开发。虽然MCAL-201结晶药物物质漂浮在磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)上,但在微粉化至1-10微米颗粒后其可以悬浮,借助聚山梨醇酯80作为润湿剂和黄原胶调节药品的密度和粘度,其可以稳定地悬浮在PBS中。
实施例2-微粉化MCAL-201
MCAL-201药物物质是一种结晶固体(熔点57℃),具有粉雪状的絮状低密度质地。因此,将50克MCAL-201药物物质灌装罐子,该罐子被设计用于容纳500mL密度更大的液体或固体(诸如糖粉)。喷雾干燥和气流粉碎这两种微粉化方法似乎非常适合于MCAL-201。
喷雾干燥方法:将MCAL-201在氯仿中的溶液(3%w/w)在惰性气体流中喷入BuchiB-290喷雾干燥器中,在10分钟时间范围内产生入口温度为85度的气溶胶。选择该速率以确保固体微粉化颗粒形成,大概作为低于晶体熔点至少10度的无定形固体颗粒。在大部分溶剂(氯仿)分别蒸发和冷凝后,微粉化颗粒收集在具有从加压入口气体到出口真空压力的气旋式流动的室中。注入的MCAL-201的50%在收集室中形成无定形微粉化固体颗粒。如通过动态光散射确定的,平均粒度为8.6微米,具有7至11微米之间的相对密集的尺寸分布。将这些颗粒真空干燥直至残留氯仿低于定量限值(气相色谱法)。
类似地,将包含环孢菌素(0.33%w/w)的MCAL-201在氯仿中的溶液(3%w/w)在惰性气体流中喷入Buchi B-290喷雾干燥器中,在10分钟时间范围内产生入口温度为85度的气溶胶。在大部分溶剂(氯仿)分别蒸发和冷凝后,微粉化颗粒收集在具有从加压入口气体到出口真空压力的气旋式流动的室中。将这些颗粒真空干燥直至残留氯仿低于定量限值(气相色谱法)。
气流粉碎方法:将结晶固体MCAL-201在高速气流(例如超音速)下进料到螺旋式粉碎机的研磨室,其引起高能颗粒-颗粒碰撞并导致MCAL-201颗粒破裂。这些颗粒不断地以气旋式流动被扫向粉碎机室的中心。小于10微米的颗粒被气旋式气体流扫入收集室。相当大量的MCAL-201仍然粘贴在室壁上。制备了三批平均粒度低于10微米的微粉化MCAL-201。所有具有的尺寸分布都在1至15微米之间,最小颗粒分布在1至10微米之间。该批次具有的平均粒度为3.56微米,并被用于下文所述的悬浮液开发研究。
实施例4-MCAL-201的制剂
MCAL-201是一种非极性醚脂质,最初是在兔的哈德氏腺的分泌物中鉴定的。它是一种1-O-醚,2-酯甘油(1,2-EPRG)类的非极性脂质,与兔中观察到的超稳定泪膜脂质层和长眨眼间的间隔(例如>20min)相关。MCAL-201是在cGMP条件下化学合成的,用于人类。
MCAL-201药品(DP)是微粉化固体MCAL-201颗粒的乳白色悬浮液。每mL的0.1%悬浮液包含1mg的MCAL-201活性成分。该药品可以配制成微粉化固体MCAL-201的0.0001%、0.001%、0.01%、0.1%、0.3%、1%和5%的悬浮液。将药品无菌地灌装到无菌HDPE瓶中,该瓶具有滴管尖端(递送每滴35μL的体积)和保护盖。药品是保存的或未保存的。在用DP灌装之前,通过伽马辐射对容器封闭系统进行单独灭菌。
表1提供了示例性产品批次组成。
表1:GMP药品批次组成1
1MCAL-201药品制剂中使用的所有赋形剂均非人类或非动物来源
MCAL-201以以下浓度配制:0.0001%、0.001%、0.01%、0.1%、0.3%和1%。微粉化的MCAL-201与作为润湿剂的聚山梨醇酯80混合。称取适量的剩余赋形剂,溶解在PBS中,以达到260至320mOsm/L之间的目标。将包含0.1%至0.3%(w/v)黄原胶作为粘度和密度调节剂的PBS添加到MCAL-201/聚山梨醇酯80混合物中并均化,得到固体MCAL-201的乳白色悬浮液,该悬浮液包含0.001至10(或TBD)mg/mL的悬浮药物。用1N HCl或1N NaOH调节pH以达到pH为6.5-7.2。聚山梨醇酯80的最终浓度小于或等于3%,并且黄原胶的最终浓度为0.1%至0.3%。分析悬浮液的MCAL-201含量、MCAL-201异构体含量、粒度分布、pH、密度和渗透浓度。将配制的散装材料无菌地灌装到7.5mL无菌HDPE瓶中,这些瓶包括LDPE滴管尖端和聚丙烯盖封闭件。表2提供了药品的分析说明。
表2:MCAL-201药品的分析说明
测试 | 方法 | 分析说明 |
外观 | 目测评估 | 白色乳状液体 |
粘度 | 粘度计 | 30-100cP |
粒度 | 动态光散射 | 1-10μm |
pH | USP<791> | 6.0-8.0 |
渗透浓度 | USP<785> | 230-330mOsM |
无菌度 | USP<71> | 无生长 |
cP:厘泊,mOsM:毫渗摩,NMR:核磁共振,TLC:薄层色谱法,USP:美国药典
结晶MCAL-201已被微粉化为1-10微米结晶和无定形固体颗粒(参见图2)。用聚山梨醇酯80(0.3%w/w)作为润湿剂处理这些颗粒,得到微粉化颗粒在黄原胶(0.1-0.3%w/w,参见图3)在磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS,pH 6-8,260-320mOsm/L)中的混合物中的悬浮液,其适合于作为稳定悬浮的局部滴剂或注射悬浮液给药。由于微粉化固体颗粒的漂浮、下沉或聚集导致的微粉化悬浮液针对微粉化颗粒分离的物理稳定性已在室温下证明>6个月。通过离心和用水洗涤从配制的药物中回收微粉化固体颗粒,证明了MCAL-201对微粉化工艺的化学和异构体稳定性(参见图4)以及微粉化MCAL-201在室温下在悬浮液制剂中6周的异构体稳定性(参见图5)。
实施例3–毒性和耐受性研究
在幼犬中进行了MCAL-201的非GLP局部眼部给药剂量范围寻找药理学和毒性研究。主要研究目的是评估狗中局部眼部给药MCAL-201的耐受性,次要目的是获得支持健康狗的药理活性的数据。
第I部分评估了以35μL滴剂双边QD递送(0.0035、0.0175、0.035、0.105和0.35mg/眼/天)的负载体和0.1、0.5、1、3和10mg/mL MCAL-201的效果。定量给药方案总结于3中。
表3:定量给药设计
BID:每天两次,QD:每天一次。
评估的眼部终点总结于表4中。由委员会认证的(board-certified)兽医眼科医生使用SPOTS系统对眼表和眼前段进行评分。对评估的每个浓度进行SPOTS。为了测量TBUT,将荧光素灌输眼睛中,并且手动闭上眼睛,并且然后轻轻睁开以模拟眨眼。以秒计记录眼睛睁开和均匀泪膜的首次破裂迹象之间的时间间隔(如荧光素破裂所示)。双眼重复该过程三次,先是右眼,然后是左眼。再BID定量给药10mg/mL MCAL-201后,还在最后一次定量给药后48小时进行SPOTS。
表4:所有测试浓度的功效终点
IOP:眼内压,SPOTS:半定量临床前眼毒理学评分,STT:Schirmer泪液测试,TBUT:泪膜破裂时间
1STT和IOP在BID递送10mg/mL MCAL-201的最后一次定量给药后48小时进行。
2IOP在负载体、0.1、0.5和1.0mg/mL MCAL-201的定量给药后24小时获得,以及还在用10mg/mL MCAL-201的BID治疗后48小时获得。
MCAL-201耐受性良好,并且在任何时间或评估浓度(最高达10mg/mL OU BID,48小时)均未发现眼部或全身不良事件。MCAL-201在5只健康成年犬中延长了TBUT(图6)。
Claims (84)
1.一种脂质颗粒组合物,包括固体非极性脂质颗粒,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括活性脂质剂且具有小于50微米的平均粒度,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒稳定地悬浮在适合于局部给药的水性缓冲负载体中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有低于80℃的熔点。
3.根据权利要求1所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有20℃至80℃的熔点。
4.根据权利要求1所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有30℃至60℃的熔点。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有小于20微米的平均粒度。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有小于10微米的平均粒度。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述活性脂质剂是非极性醚脂质。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H);
其中
R1是氢(即,H);
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;
其中
R1是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-2-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油、1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-1-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油及其混合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的活性脂质剂:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)或1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)及其混合物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
13.根据权利要求11所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
14.根据权利要求11所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
15.根据权利要求11所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于5%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
16.根据权利要求11所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于2%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
17.根据权利要求11所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于1%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
18.根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒进一步包括一种或多种选自由以下组成的组的额外的脂质:非极性甘油单酯、甘油二酯或甘油三酯、包括胆固醇酯的蜡酯、固醇、游离脂肪酸及其组合。
19.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述水性缓冲负载体包括磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)、3%或更少(所述负载体的w/w)的聚山梨醇酯80和0.3%或更少(所述负载体的w/w)的黄原胶并且具有6.5-8.0的pH和260至320mOsm/L的渗透浓度。
20.根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,悬浮颗粒在室温下在从悬浮液中相分离之前稳定6个月。
21.根据权利要求20所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述悬浮颗粒是化学稳定的,在室温下储存6个月期间<5%的1,2-EPRG异构化为异构体1,3-EPRG。
22.根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,悬浮颗粒在室温下在从悬浮液中相分离之前稳定24个月。
23.根据权利要求22所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述悬浮颗粒是化学稳定的,在室温下储存24个月期间<5%的1,2-EPRG异构化为异构体1,3-EPRG。
24.根据权利要求1至23中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述组合物是无菌的。
25.根据权利要求1至24中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述组合物包括防腐剂。
26.根据权利要求1至25中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,悬浮液不含防腐剂。
27.根据权利要求1至26中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述水性缓冲负载体是眼科上可接受的载体。
28.根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述水性缓冲负载体进一步包括选自由以下组成的组的剂:缓冲剂、张度剂、润湿剂、增稠和增粘剂、密度调节剂及其组合。
29.根据权利要求1至28中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,在作为滴眼剂给药后,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒中的活性脂质剂作为单独分子从所述固体非极性脂质颗粒中释放一段时间。
30.根据权利要求29所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,所述单独分子释放1至24小时的一段时间。
31.根据权利要求1至30中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,其中,悬浮液在液滴分配器中提供。
32.一种在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中治疗眼部疾病或疾患的方法,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:干眼、炎性干眼、蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状、临床体征或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征,所述方法包括向所述受试者的眼部局部给药根据权利要求1至31中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,所述脂质颗粒组合物包括有效量的活性脂质剂。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,需要治疗的所述受试者具有的泪膜破裂时间小于美国正常健康群体的TBUT的正常临床范围。
34.根据权利要求1至31中任一项所述的脂质颗粒组合物,用于在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中治疗眼部疾病或疾患中的用途,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:干眼、炎性干眼、蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状、临床体征或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征。
35.一种药物递送负载体,包括具有的平均粒度小于50微米的固体非极性脂质颗粒,所述颗粒包括除形成所述固体非极性脂质颗粒的脂质之外的活性剂。
36.根据权利要求35所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有低于80℃的熔点。
37.根据权利要求35所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有20℃至80℃的熔点。
38.根据权利要求35所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有30℃至60℃的熔点。
39.根据权利要求35至38中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有小于20微米的平均粒度。
40.根据权利要求35至39中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒具有小于10微米的平均粒度。
41.根据权利要求35至40中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的醚脂质:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H);
其中
R1是氢(即,H);
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;以及
R3是氢(即,H)。
42.根据权利要求35至41中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的醚脂质:
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;
其中
R1是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;以及
其中
R1是未取代的C6至C30烷基或烯基;
R2是氢(即,H);以及
R3是未取代的C5至C29烷基或烯基。
43.根据权利要求35至42中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的醚脂质:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-2-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油、1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)、sn-1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-甘油、sn-1-棕榈酰基-3-O-二十烷基-甘油及其混合物。
44.根据权利要求43所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒包括选自由以下组成的组的醚脂质:1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)或1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)及其混合物。
45.根据权利要求44所述的药物递送负载体,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)及其混合物的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
46.根据权利要求44所述的药物递送负载体,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-
rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
47.根据权利要求44所述的药物递送负载体,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体或大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
48.根据权利要求44所述的药物递送负载体,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于95%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于5%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
49.根据权利要求44所述的药物递送负载体,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于98%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于2%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
50.根据权利要求44所述的药物递送负载体,其中,醚脂质异构体1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)和1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)的混合物的特征在于包括大于99%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-2-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-EPRG)异构体和不大于1%(摩尔百分比)的1-O-二十烷基-3-棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(1,3-EPRG)异构体。
51.根据权利要求35至50中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒进一步包括一种或多种选自由以下组成的组的额外的脂质:非极性甘油单酯、甘油二酯或甘油三酯、包括胆固醇酯的蜡酯、固醇、游离脂肪酸及其组合。
52.根据权利要求35至51中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述活性剂选自由以下组成的组:非处方药(OTC)或处方局部眼科剂、用于治疗干眼的OTC或处方局部眼科剂、NMDA拮抗剂、抗菌剂、抗组胺剂、减充血剂、抗炎剂、抗寄生物剂、缩瞳剂、拟交感神经剂、抗胆碱剂、肾上腺素能剂、抗病毒剂、局部麻醉剂、抗真菌剂、杀阿米巴剂、杀毛滴虫剂、镇痛剂、散瞳剂、抗青光眼药、碳酸酐酶抑制剂、眼科诊断剂、在手术中用作佐剂的眼科剂、螯合剂、抗肿瘤剂、抗高血压剂、肌肉松弛剂、诊断剂、肾上腺素能麻醉剂、β阻滞剂、α-2-激动剂、睫状肌麻痹剂、前列腺素及其组合。
53.根据权利要求35至52中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述固体非极性脂质颗粒被配制为在生理学上可接受的载体中的水性悬浮液。
54.根据权利要求53所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述液体组合物是固体微粉化脂质颗粒在水中的悬浮液,所述悬浮液包含磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)、3%或更少(所述负载体的w/w)的聚山梨醇酯80和0.3%或更少(所述负载体的w/w)的黄原胶并且具有6.5-8.0的pH和260至320mOsm/L的渗透浓度。
55.根据权利要求53至54中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述悬浮液在室温下在所述悬浮液中的所述固体非极性脂质颗粒的相分离之前稳定6个月。
56.根据权利要求55所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述悬浮液是化学稳定的,在室温下储存6个月期间<5%的1,2-EPRG异构化为异构体1,3-EPRG。
57.根据权利要求53至56中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述悬浮液在室温下在所述悬浮液中的所述固体非极性脂质颗粒的相分离之前稳定24个月。
58.根据权利要求57所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述悬浮液是化学稳定的,在室温下储存24个月期间<5%的1,2-EPRG异构化为异构体1,3-EPRG。
59.根据权利要求53至58中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述悬浮液是无菌的。
60.根据权利要求53至59中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述悬浮液包括防腐剂。
61.根据权利要求53至59中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述悬浮液不含防腐剂。
62.根据权利要求53至61中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述生理学上可接受的载体是眼科上可接受的载体。
63.根据权利要求62所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述眼科上可接受的载体包括选自由以下组成的组的剂:缓冲剂、张度剂、润湿剂、增稠和增粘剂、密度调节剂及其组合。
64.根据权利要求53至63中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,在作为滴眼剂给药后,所述活性剂作为所述活性剂的单独分子从所述固体非极性脂质颗粒中释放一段时间。
65.根据权利要求64所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述单独分子释放1至24小时的一段时间。
66.根据权利要求53至65中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述悬浮液在液滴分配器中提供。
67.根据权利要求35至52中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述药物递送负载体是医疗插入装置。
68.根据权利要求67所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述医疗插入装置由生理学上可接受的材料形成。
69.根据权利要求68所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述生理学上可接受的材料是聚合物。
70.根据权利要求68所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述生理学上可接受的材料选自由羟丙基纤维素、水凝胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和硅酮丙烯酸酯组成的组。
71.根据权利要求67至70中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述医疗插入装置选自由泪点塞、接触镜片和眼科插入物组成的组。
72.根据权利要求67至71中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述医疗插入装置是可再充的。
73.根据权利要求67至71中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述医疗插入装置是一次性的。
74.根据权利要求67至73中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述医疗插入装置与粘膜表面相容。
75.根据权利要求74所述的药物递送负载体,其中,所述粘膜表面选自由以下组成的组:眼粘膜表面、阴道粘膜表面、鼻粘膜表面、口咽粘膜表面、口腔粘膜表面和直肠粘膜表面。
76.一种将活性剂递送至有此需要的受试者的方法,包括向所述受试者局部给药根据权利要求35至75中任一项所述的药物递送负载体。
77.根据权利要求76所述的方法,其中,将所述药物递送负载体给药于所述受试者的粘膜表面。
78.根据权利要求76至77中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述粘膜表面选自由以下组成的组:眼粘膜表面、阴道粘膜表面、输卵管粘膜表面、呼吸系统粘膜表面、鼻粘膜表面、口咽粘膜表面、口腔粘膜表面、直肠粘膜表面、消化系统粘膜表面和食道粘膜表面。
79.根据权利要求78所述的方法,其中,所述药物递送负载体被施加或植入所述粘膜表面下。
80.根据权利要求79所述的方法,其中,所述粘膜表面是眼粘膜表面并且所述药物递送负载体被植入或施加在结膜或眼球筋膜下。
81.根据权利要求79至80中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述药物递送负载体通过选自由球后、前房内、玻璃体内、脉络膜上和视网膜下递送途径组成的组的递送途径施加于眼粘膜表面。
82.一种在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中治疗眼部疾病或疾患的方法,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:干眼、炎性干眼、蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征,所述方法包括向所述受试者的眼部局部给药根据权利要求35至75中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,所述药物递送负载体包括有效量的活性脂质剂。
83.根据权利要求82所述的方法,其中,需要治疗的受试者具有的泪膜破裂时间小于美国正常健康群体的TBUT的正常临床范围。
84.根据权利要求35至75中任一项所述的药物递送负载体,用于在需要此类治疗的动物或人受试者中治疗眼部疾病或疾患中的用途,所述眼部疾病或疾患选自由以下组成的组:干眼、炎性干眼、蒸发性干眼、睑板腺功能障碍以及与其相关的症状或病症、导致水液性泪液快速蒸发的不稳定泪膜和干燥性角结膜炎(干眼)以及与其相关的症状或临床体征。
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