CN117580087A - Transmission state detection method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Transmission state detection method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a transmission state detection method, a device, equipment and a storage medium, which comprise the following steps: acquiring frequency domain signals of a preset number of symbols from a currently configured PUCCH, and extracting a target resource information combination; determining an initial signal-to-noise ratio according to the combination of each frequency domain signal and the target resource information; if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a preset first detection threshold, determining the number of target complementary detection according to the corresponding relation between the initial signal-to-noise ratio and the preset complementary detection; extracting target complementary detection number of misaligned target resource information combinations from the PUCCH, and determining average noise power according to each frequency domain signal and each target resource information combination; and determining the ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio, comparing the average signal-to-noise ratio with a preset second detection threshold, and determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result. The detection precision and the data calculation complexity in the transmission state detection process are well balanced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a device, and a storage medium for detecting a transmission state.
Background
In a long term evolution (Long Term Evolution, LTE) system, a physical uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel, PUCCH) is mainly used to inform a base station of demodulation information of downlink transmission data, and the base station needs to correctly parse three types of transmission state flag information possibly included in the PUCCH to perform scheduling in the next step, where the three types of transmission states include an Acknowledgement (ACK), a negative acknowledgement (Negative Acknowledgement, NACK) and a discontinuous transmission (Discontinuous Transmission, DTX).
In the data transmission process, if the base station misjudges the DTX as ACK, false alarm is caused, the base station considers that the data transmitted for the time is correctly demodulated, however, the situation of incorrect demodulation possibly occurs in practice, but the retransmission operation is not executed again, and the user experience is affected; if the base station misjudges the ACK as DTX, the base station retransmits the correctly received data, so that the data resource waste is caused.
In the prior art, the determination of the transmission state marking information in the PUCCH is usually carried out by determining the signal-to-noise ratio in the PUCCH, and then comparing the determined signal-to-noise ratio with a preset decision threshold, and further directly determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result. However, the method does not fully consider the influence of the data transmission quality of the PUCCH, the accuracy of the detection result is closely related to the channel performance, once the channel error is large, the detection performance is seriously affected, and the transmission state flag information carried by the PUCCH channel is not fully utilized, which may result in waste of data resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a transmission state detection method, a device, equipment and a storage medium, which adaptively select a determination mode of PUCCH transmission state detection according to different channel environments, so that the determination accuracy of the transmission state is improved, meanwhile, the detection accuracy and the data calculation complexity in the transmission state detection process are balanced well, the data resource waste is reduced, the false detection rate of DTX is reduced, and the data transmission reliability is improved.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a transmission state detection method, including:
acquiring frequency domain signals of a preset number of symbols from currently configured Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) hybrid automatic repeat request (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest, HARQ) transmission resources, and extracting a target resource information combination from the HARQ transmission resources; the target resource information combination is a combination formed by unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index in HARQ transmission resources;
determining signal power and initial noise power according to the combination of each frequency domain signal and target resource information, and determining the ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as an initial signal-to-noise ratio;
if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a preset first detection threshold, determining the number of target complementary detection according to the corresponding relation between the initial signal-to-noise ratio and the preset complementary detection;
Extracting target resource information combinations of which the target complementary detection number is not coincident from HARQ transmission resources, and determining average noise power according to each frequency domain signal and each target resource information combination;
and determining the ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio, comparing the average signal-to-noise ratio with a preset second detection threshold, and determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a transmission state detection apparatus, including:
the information acquisition module is used for acquiring frequency domain signals of a preset number of symbols from the currently configured Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission resources and extracting a target resource information combination from the HARQ transmission resources; the target resource information combination is a combination formed by unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index in HARQ transmission resources;
the initial signal-to-noise ratio determining module is used for determining signal power and initial noise power according to the combination of each frequency domain signal and the target resource information, and determining the ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as an initial signal-to-noise ratio;
the supplementary detection quantity determining module is used for determining the target supplementary detection quantity according to the corresponding relation between the initial signal-to-noise ratio and the preset supplementary detection if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than the preset first detection threshold;
The average power determining module is used for extracting target complementary detection number of misaligned target resource information combinations from the HARQ transmission resources and determining average noise power according to each frequency domain signal and each target resource information combination;
and the transmission state determining module is used for determining the ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio, comparing the average signal-to-noise ratio with a preset second detection threshold and determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a transmission status detection apparatus, including:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein,
the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the transmission state detection method provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a storage medium containing computer-executable instructions, which when executed by a computer processor, are configured to perform the transmission state detection method provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a transmission state detection method, a device, equipment and a storage medium, which are characterized in that frequency domain signals of a preset number of symbols are obtained from a currently configured Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission resource, and a target resource information combination is extracted from the HARQ transmission resource; the target resource information combination is a combination formed by unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index in HARQ transmission resources; determining signal power and initial noise power according to the combination of each frequency domain signal and target resource information, and determining the ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as an initial signal-to-noise ratio; if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a preset first detection threshold, determining the number of target complementary detection according to the corresponding relation between the initial signal-to-noise ratio and the preset complementary detection; extracting target resource information combinations of which the target complementary detection number is not coincident from HARQ transmission resources, and determining average noise power according to each frequency domain signal and each target resource information combination; and determining the ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio, comparing the average signal-to-noise ratio with a preset second detection threshold, and determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result. By adopting the technical scheme, the initial signal-to-noise ratio for representing the PUCCH quality is determined according to the frequency domain signals and the unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence indexes acquired from the configured PUCCH HARQ transmission resources, and then when the PUCCH quality is lower, the multi-noise power is calculated by selecting a combination formed by a plurality of unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence indexes from the PUCCH HARQ transmission resources according to the predetermined complementary detection corresponding relation and the initial signal-to-noise ratio, so that the average signal-to-noise ratio determined again according to the multi-noise power is more accurate, and the detection precision of the PUCCH transmission state determined according to the average signal-to-noise ratio is higher. Because the transmission state is subjected to the complementary detection only when the PUCCH quality is low, the detection precision and the data calculation complexity in the transmission state detection process are well balanced, the data resource waste is reduced, the false detection rate of the transmission state is reduced, and the data transmission reliability is improved.
It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the description that follows.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a transmission state detection method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a transmission state detection method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission state detecting device according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission state detecting device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a transmission state detection method provided in a first embodiment of the present invention, where the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to a case where a base station detects a data transmission state in a PUCCH, the method may be performed by a transmission state detection device, the transmission state detection device may be implemented by software and/or hardware, and the transmission state detection device may be configured in a transmission state detection apparatus. Alternatively, the transmission state detection device may be a notebook, a desktop computer, an intelligent tablet, a base station, or the like, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for detecting a transmission state provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically includes the following steps:
s101, acquiring frequency domain signals of a preset number of symbols from a currently configured physical uplink control channel PUCCH hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission resource, and extracting a target resource information combination from the HARQ transmission resource.
The target resource information combination is a combination formed by unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index in HARQ transmission resources.
In this embodiment, the preset number may be specifically understood as the number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM) symbols in one subframe of the HARQ transmission resource, which is determined according to a preset actual setting requirement. A symbol is specifically understood as a time concept in a data transmission implementation, that is, data of one symbol is data within a symbol time length. For example, according to the existing rule, there may be 14 frequency domain signals of symbols in one subframe of the PUCCH HARQ transmission resource, and the preset number may be set to 14 in the embodiment of the present invention. The target resource information combination may be specifically understood as an information set that is required for implementing code division multiplexing in the PUCCH and is not yet occupied, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the target resource information combination is a combination of an unoccupied Cyclic Shift (Cyclic Shift) and an orthogonal sequence index in the HARQ transmission resource, where a low-PAPR sequence corresponding to the Cyclic Shift may be determined after explicit Cyclic Shift, and an orthogonal sequence corresponding to the orthogonal sequence index may be determined after explicit orthogonal sequence index.
Specifically, according to the PUCCH HARQ transmission resource configured by the current user terminal, PUCCH frequency domain signals of a preset number of symbols are extracted from the corresponding subframe, and according to the configuration situation, a combination of unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index is searched in the HARQ transmission resource, and is determined as the target resource information combination. It can be appreciated that there may be a combination of multiple unoccupied cyclic shifts and orthogonal sequence indexes in the HARQ transmission resource at the same time, and only one needs to be searched in any one of them in the embodiment of the present invention.
S102, determining signal power and initial noise power according to the combination of each frequency domain signal and the target resource information, and determining the ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as an initial signal-to-noise ratio.
In this embodiment, the signal power may be specifically understood as the power of a signal transmitted in the PUCCH HARQ transmission resource. The initial noise power may be specifically understood as the power of data transmission noise in PUCCH determined in combination with a transmission signal in the HARQ transmission resource according to the cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index information not occupied in the HARQ transmission resource.
Specifically, the power of the transmission signal in the HARQ transmission is determined by combining the information such as the cyclic shift and the orthogonal sequence index occupied in the HARQ transmission resource with each frequency domain signal, so as to obtain the signal power. And combining each frequency domain signal with unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index information in the target resource information combination, determining the noise power of data transmission in the PUCCH, determining the noise power as initial noise power, and determining the ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as initial signal-to-noise ratio when the PUCCH transmits signals in the HARQ transmission resource. It is understood that the initial signal-to-noise ratio may be used to reflect the channel quality of the PUCCH.
And S103, if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a preset first detection threshold, determining the target supplementary detection quantity according to the corresponding relation between the initial signal-to-noise ratio and the preset supplementary detection.
In this embodiment, the preset first detection threshold may be specifically understood as a signal-to-noise ratio threshold preset according to an actual situation, where the signal-to-noise ratio threshold is used to determine the quality of the PUCCH channel. The preset first detection threshold in the embodiment of the present invention may be 120, or may be set according to actual situations, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. The preset complementary detection corresponding relation can be specifically understood as a corresponding relation between the times of detecting the noise power again and different signal-to-noise ratio threshold intervals, which is preset according to actual conditions. The target number of complementary checks may be specifically understood as the number of times the noise power needs to be retested for the PUCCH HARQ transmission resource.
Specifically, if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a preset first detection threshold, the quality of the currently configured PUCCH channel may be considered worse, and in order to obtain a more accurate PUCCH transmission state, the noise during signal transmission in the PUCCH HARQ transmission resource needs to be fully considered, at this time, the initial signal-to-noise ratio may be compared with a preset complementary detection correspondence, which signal-to-noise ratio threshold interval in the preset complementary detection correspondence falls in the initial signal-to-noise ratio may be determined, and the number of re-detection noise power times corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold interval may be determined as the target number of complementary detections, so that the subsequent noise complementary detection of the number of times may be completed according to the target number of complementary detections.
In the embodiment of the invention, the detection of the PUCCH channel quality is preliminarily finished through the combination of the target resource information randomly selected in the HARQ transmission resource, when the channel quality is detected to be poor, the PUCCH transmission state is not directly determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio determined at one time, but the number of the noise complementary checks required to be carried out is determined through the signal-to-noise ratio determined at present, so that the signal-to-noise ratio precision for judging the PUCCH transmission state subsequently is improved, and the channel transmission state determination accuracy when the PUCCH channel quality is poor is ensured.
S104, extracting target resource information combinations with a target complementary detection number not overlapped from the HARQ transmission resources, and determining average noise power according to each frequency domain signal and each target resource information combination.
Specifically, after the need of the complementary inspection is determined, searching a target complementary inspection number of target resource information combinations formed by unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence indexes, which are not overlapped with each other, in the HARQ transmission resource according to the configuration situation, wherein the searched target resource information combinations are also different from the target resource information combinations for calculating the initial noise power. After the search is completed, combining each searched target resource information combination with each frequency domain signal to determine the noise power of data transmission in the corresponding PUCCH, and averaging the noise power corresponding to each target resource information combination to obtain average noise power.
In the embodiment of the invention, the noise condition of data transmission in the PUCCH is better reflected through the average noise power obtained by the target number of the complementary tests and the average, so that the signal-to-noise ratio determined according to the noise condition can better reflect the data transmission state in the PUCCH.
S105, determining the ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio, comparing the average signal-to-noise ratio with a preset second detection threshold, and determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result.
In this embodiment, the preset second detection threshold may be specifically understood as a signal-to-noise threshold preset according to an actual situation, which is used to determine the data transmission state of the PUCCH according to the signal-to-noise ratio in the PUCCH when the quality of the PUCCH channel is poor. The preset second detection threshold in the embodiment of the present invention may be set to 40, or may be set according to practical situations, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specifically, the ratio of the signal power to the average noise power is determined as an average signal-to-noise ratio when signal transmission is performed in the PUCCH HARQ transmission resource, the average signal-to-noise ratio is compared with a preset second detection threshold, whether the HARQ information is received in the PUCCH is determined according to different comparison results, and then the transmission state of the PUCCH is determined according to whether the HARQ information is received or not and the content of the HARQ information.
According to the technical scheme, the frequency domain signals of the preset number of symbols are obtained from the currently configured Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission resources, and a target resource information combination is extracted from the HARQ transmission resources; the target resource information combination is a combination formed by unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index in HARQ transmission resources; determining signal power and initial noise power according to the combination of each frequency domain signal and target resource information, and determining the ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as an initial signal-to-noise ratio; if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a preset first detection threshold, determining the number of target complementary detection according to the corresponding relation between the initial signal-to-noise ratio and the preset complementary detection; extracting target resource information combinations of which the target complementary detection number is not coincident from HARQ transmission resources, and determining average noise power according to each frequency domain signal and each target resource information combination; and determining the ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio, comparing the average signal-to-noise ratio with a preset second detection threshold, and determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result. By adopting the technical scheme, the initial signal-to-noise ratio for representing the PUCCH quality is determined according to the frequency domain signals and the unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence indexes acquired from the configured PUCCH HARQ transmission resources, and then when the PUCCH quality is lower, the multi-noise power is calculated by selecting a combination formed by a plurality of unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence indexes from the PUCCH HARQ transmission resources according to the predetermined complementary detection corresponding relation and the initial signal-to-noise ratio, so that the average signal-to-noise ratio determined again according to the multi-noise power is more accurate, and the detection precision of the PUCCH transmission state determined according to the average signal-to-noise ratio is higher. Because the transmission state is subjected to the complementary detection only when the PUCCH quality is low, the detection precision and the data calculation complexity in the transmission state detection process are well balanced, the data resource waste is reduced, the false detection rate of the transmission state is reduced, and the data transmission reliability is improved.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a transmission state detection method provided by a second embodiment of the present invention, where the second embodiment of the present invention further optimizes, based on the foregoing embodiments, for a data symbol frequency domain signal and a pilot symbol frequency domain signal included in a frequency domain signal of a preset number of symbols, respectively performing cyclic shift, quadrature removal, scrambling removal, intra-frequency domain resource averaging and intra-slot averaging on the data symbol frequency domain signal and the pilot symbol frequency domain signal through current configuration information of the HARQ transmission resource, respectively obtaining corresponding data symbol average data and pilot symbol average data, and further determining signal power in the PUCCH HARQ transmission resource according to the data symbol average data and the pilot symbol average data, and further comprehensively performing cyclic shift removal, quadrature removal, intra-frequency domain resource averaging, symbol averaging, antenna averaging and other processing on each data symbol frequency domain signal and each pilot symbol frequency domain signal and the target resource information combination, and determining initial noise power corresponding to the target resource information combination. The method has the advantages that when the initial signal-to-noise ratio is larger than or equal to a preset first detection threshold, namely, the determination mode of the PUCCH transmission state is determined when the PUCCH channel quality is good, and the corresponding relation between the comparison result and the PUCCH transmission state is compared with the preset second detection threshold, the determination mode of the PUCCH transmission state detection is selected in a self-adaptive mode according to different channel environments, the determination precision of the transmission state is improved, meanwhile, the detection precision and the data calculation complexity in the transmission state detection process are balanced well, the data resource waste is reduced, and the reliability of the subsequent data transmission according to the determined PUCCH transmission state is higher.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for detecting a transmission state provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically includes the following steps:
s201, acquiring frequency domain signals with preset numbers of symbols from currently configured PUCCH HARQ transmission resources, and extracting a target resource information combination from the HARQ transmission resources.
The target resource information combination is a combination formed by unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index in HARQ transmission resources.
Wherein each frequency domain signal comprises a data symbol frequency domain signal and a pilot symbol frequency domain signal.
In this embodiment, one subframe in the PUCCH may include 14 OFDM symbols, and the OFDM symbols may be divided into data symbols and pilot symbols, so that among the frequency domain signals of a preset number of symbols acquired from the HARQ transmission resource, the frequency domain signal belonging to the data symbol may be determined as the data symbol frequency domain signal, and the frequency domain signal belonging to the pilot symbol may be determined as the pilot symbol frequency domain signal.
Exemplary, assume that a PUCCH frequency domain signal of 14 symbols acquired from a subframe of a PUCCH HARQ transmission resource is characterized as y (n s L), where n s Representing the time slot number in the subframe, wherein the value is 0,1; l represents the sequence number of the symbol in the time slot, and the values are 0,1, … and 6. 8 symbols of the data symbol frequency domain signal y can be extracted from 14 symbols data (n s ,l data ) With 6 symbol guidesFrequency-symbol frequency-domain signal y pilot (n s ,l pilot ) Wherein l data The sequence numbers representing the data symbols in the time slot are 0,1,2 and 3, which correspond to l= 0,1,5,6 respectively; the sequence numbers representing pilot symbols in the time slots are 0,1,2, and respectively correspond to l=2, 3,4.
S202, performing cyclic shift removal, orthogonalization removal, descrambling, frequency domain resource internal average and time slot internal average processing on each data symbol frequency domain signal through the current configuration information of the HARQ transmission resource, and determining average data of the data symbols.
In this embodiment, the current configuration information may be specifically understood as configuration information required for cyclic shift, quadrature and scrambling of a signal when the signal is transmitted in the PUCCH HARQ transmission resource. For example, the current configuration information may include cyclic shift, orthogonal sequence index and scrambling sequence information configured by the current user equipment, a corresponding cyclic shift sequence may be determined according to the cyclic shift, and a corresponding orthogonal sequence may be determined according to the orthogonal sequence index.
Specifically, a cyclic shift sequence, an orthogonal sequence and a scrambling sequence used for transmitting data are determined according to the current configuration information of the HARQ transmission resource, then each data symbol frequency domain signal is multiplied by the cyclic shift sequence, the orthogonal sequence and the scrambling sequence after conjugation, the multiplication result of each data symbol frequency domain signal is averaged in the frequency domain resource, and then the average of 4 symbols in a time slot is carried out on each averaged product, so that average data of the data symbols is obtained.
Following the above example, assume that the current configuration information includes a cyclic shift α ue (n s L), orthogonal sequence index n oc (n s ) And scrambling sequence S (n s ) From the cyclic shift, a cyclic shift sequence corresponding to the cyclic shift sequence can be determinedDetermining an orthogonal sequence corresponding thereto based on the orthogonal sequence index>Further, the frequency domain signal of each data symbol is subjected to cyclic shift, orthogonalization and descrambling to obtain +.>For z data (n d ,l data ) Averaging in frequency domain resources, and averaging 4 data symbol frequency domain signals in a time slot to obtain data symbol average data r data (n s )。
S203, performing cyclic shift removal, orthogonalization removal, frequency domain resource internal average and time slot internal average processing on each pilot frequency symbol frequency domain signal through the current configuration information, and determining pilot frequency symbol average data.
Specifically, a cyclic shift sequence and an orthogonal sequence used for transmitting data are determined according to the current configuration information of the HARQ transmission resource, then each pilot frequency symbol frequency domain signal is multiplied by the conjugated cyclic shift sequence and the orthogonal sequence, the multiplication result of each pilot frequency symbol frequency domain signal is averaged in the frequency domain resource, and then the average of 3 symbols in a time slot is carried out on each averaged product, so that pilot frequency symbol average data are obtained.
Following the above example, assume that the current configuration information includes a cyclic shift α ue (n s L) and orthogonal sequence index n oc (n s ) From the cyclic shift, a cyclic shift sequence corresponding to the cyclic shift sequence can be determinedDetermining an orthogonal sequence corresponding thereto based on the orthogonal sequence index>Further, the frequency domain signals of each pilot frequency symbol are subjected to cyclic shift removal and orthogonalization removal to obtainFor z pilor (n s ，l pilot Averaging in frequency domain resources, and averaging 3 data symbol frequency domain signals in time slot to obtainTo pilot symbol average data r pilot (n s )。
S204, determining the signal power according to the data symbol average data and the pilot symbol average data.
Specifically, zero-forcing equalization is performed on data symbol average data and pilot symbol average data, and after inter-slot average and inter-antenna average are performed on values obtained after the zero-forcing equalization, the absolute value of the obtained result is squared to obtain signal power.
Following the above example, data symbol average data r data (n s ) And pilot symbol average data r pilot (n s ) Zero-forcing equalization is performed to obtain E (n) s )＝r data (n s )·conj(r pilot (n s ) For E (n) s ) Averaging between time slots and antennas to obtain E, and obtaining signal power P according to E sig ＝|E| 2 。
S205, respectively carrying out cyclic shift removal, quadrature removal and frequency domain resource internal average processing on each data symbol frequency domain signal and each pilot symbol frequency domain signal through target resource information combination, and determining target data symbol average data and target pilot symbol average data.
Specifically, corresponding cyclic shift sequences and orthogonal sequences are determined through cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence indexes in the target resource information combination, cyclic shift and orthogonal processes are respectively carried out on each data symbol frequency domain signal and each pilot symbol frequency domain signal through the cyclic shift sequences and the orthogonal sequences, and frequency domain resource internal average processing is carried out on each processed data symbol frequency domain signal and each pilot symbol frequency domain signal, so that target data symbol average data and target pilot symbol average data are obtained.
Following the above example, assume that the unoccupied cyclic shift in the target resource information combination can be expressed asThe orthogonal sequence index may be expressed as +.>Its corresponding cyclic shift sequence and orthogonal sequence can be expressed as +.>And->Then for each data symbol the frequency domain signal y data (n s ,l data ) Decyclic shift and quadrature removal are performed in the same manner as in S202 to obtain +.>For->Average data of the target data symbol can be obtained by averaging in the frequency domain resourceFrequency domain signal y for each pilot symbol pilot (n s ,l pilot ) Decyclic shift and quadrature removal are performed in the same manner as in S203 to obtain +.>For->The average data of the target pilot frequency symbol can be obtained by averaging in the frequency domain resource>
S206, carrying out average of a preset number of symbols on each target data symbol average data and each target pilot frequency symbol average data, carrying out inter-antenna average after power is obtained according to a symbol average result, and determining initial noise power.
Following the above example, the data is averaged for each target data symbolAnd average data of each target pilot symbolAveraging 14 symbols to obtain +.>Furthermore, the power +.>Then, an inter-antenna average is performed to obtain a group of noise power P noise I.e. the initial noise power in the present application.
It should be clear that there is no obvious order of execution between S202-S204 and S205-206, and they may be executed sequentially or simultaneously, and in the embodiment of the present invention, only the order is used as an example.
S207, determining the ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as an initial signal-to-noise ratio, and executing step S208 if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a preset first detection threshold; otherwise, step S215 is performed.
S208, determining the target supplementary detection quantity according to the corresponding relation between the initial signal-to-noise ratio and the preset supplementary detection.
Specifically, determining which signal-to-noise ratio threshold range in the preset complementary detection corresponding relation is included in the initial signal-to-noise ratio, and further determining the complementary detection quantity corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold range as the target complementary detection quantity.
For example, the signal-to-noise ratio threshold range and the number of complementary detections in the preset complementary detection correspondence relationship may be: the range of the signal-to-noise ratio threshold is [100,120 ], and the number of the complementary tests is 2; the number of the complementary tests is 3 when the threshold value range of the signal to noise ratio is 70 and 100); the signal-to-noise ratio threshold range is [40, 70), the number of the complementary tests is 4.
S209, extracting target resource information combinations with a target complementary detection number not overlapping from the HARQ transmission resources.
Specifically, the same target resource loop information combination extraction manner as in S201 is adopted, and the target complementary detection amounts are extracted from the HARQ transmission resources so as to be mutually misaligned, and are combined with target resource information different from the target resource information combination used for determining the initial signal-to-noise ratio.
S210, for each target resource information combination, determining the intermediate noise power according to each frequency domain signal and the target resource information combination.
Specifically, for each target resource information combination, the noise power is determined according to each frequency domain signal and target information combination in a manner as in S205-S206, and the determined noise power is determined as the intermediate noise power.
S211, averaging the intermediate noise power to determine average noise power.
Specifically, the average value of each intermediate noise power is determined as the average noise power.
S212, determining the ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio.
S213, if the average signal-to-noise ratio is larger than a preset second detection threshold, determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the HARQ information in the HARQ transmission resource.
Specifically, if the average signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the preset second detection threshold, it may be considered that the HARQ information in the current PUCCH is detected, that is, there is signal transmission in the PUCCH, and the transmission state of the PUCCH may only be an ACK or NACK state, and at this time, the transmission state of the PUCCH may be determined according to the HARQ information in the HARQ transmission resource.
S214, if the average signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than or equal to a preset second detection threshold, determining the discontinuous transmission state as the transmission state of the PUCCH.
Specifically, if the average signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than or equal to the preset second detection threshold, it can be considered that the HARQ information in the current PUCCH is not detected, that is, there is no signal transmission in the PUCCH, at this time, the transmission state of the PUCCH is determined to be a discontinuous transmission state, and the discontinuous transmission state is reported, so that false detection of DTX is avoided.
S215, determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the HARQ information in the HARQ transmission resource.
Specifically, when the initial signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to a preset first detection threshold, the channel quality of the current PUCCH is considered to be good, that is, the transmission state obtained by directly analyzing the transmission data in the PUCCH at this time is trusted, at this time, the transmission state of the PUCCH can be determined directly according to the HARQ information in the HARQ transmission resource, and at this time, the determined transmission state can be any one of ACK, NACK and DTX.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, for data symbol frequency domain signals and pilot symbol frequency domain signals contained in frequency domain signals with preset numbers of symbols, the data symbol frequency domain signals and the pilot symbol frequency domain signals are subjected to cyclic shift removal, orthogonal removal, descrambling, average in frequency domain resource and average in time slot treatment respectively through the current configuration information of the HARQ transmission resource, corresponding data symbol average data and pilot symbol average data are obtained respectively, further, the determination of signal power in the PUCCH HARQ transmission resource is completed according to the data symbol average data and the pilot symbol average data, and further, the data symbol frequency domain signals and the pilot symbol frequency domain signals are combined with target resource information to be comprehensively subjected to cyclic shift removal, orthogonal removal, average in frequency domain resource treatment, symbol average and antenna average treatment and the like, and initial noise power corresponding to the target resource information combination is determined. The method has the advantages that when the initial signal-to-noise ratio is larger than or equal to a preset first detection threshold, namely, the determination mode of the PUCCH transmission state is determined when the PUCCH channel quality is good, and the corresponding relation between the comparison result and the PUCCH transmission state is compared with the preset second detection threshold, the determination mode of the PUCCH transmission state detection is selected in a self-adaptive mode according to different channel environments, the determination precision of the transmission state is improved, meanwhile, the detection precision and the data calculation complexity in the transmission state detection process are balanced well, the data resource waste is reduced, and the reliability of the subsequent data transmission according to the determined PUCCH transmission state is higher.
Example III
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission state detection device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, where, as shown in fig. 3, the transmission state detection device includes: an information acquisition module 31, an initial signal-to-noise ratio determination module 32, a supplemental check number determination module 33, an average power determination module 34, and a transmission state determination module 35.
The information obtaining module 31 is configured to obtain a frequency domain signal of a preset number of symbols from a currently configured physical uplink control channel PUCCH hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ transmission resource, and extract a target resource information combination from the HARQ transmission resource; the target resource information combination is a combination formed by unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index in HARQ transmission resources; an initial signal-to-noise ratio determining module 32, configured to determine a signal power and an initial noise power according to each frequency domain signal and target resource information combination, and determine a ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as an initial signal-to-noise ratio; the supplementary detection number determining module 33 is configured to determine a target supplementary detection number according to a corresponding relationship between the initial signal-to-noise ratio and a preset supplementary detection if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is less than a preset first detection threshold; an average power determining module 34, configured to extract a target complementary detection number of misaligned target resource information combinations from the HARQ transmission resource, and determine average noise power according to each frequency domain signal and each target resource information combination; the transmission state determining module 35 is configured to determine a ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio, compare the average signal-to-noise ratio with a preset second detection threshold, and determine a transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, according to the frequency domain signals and unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence indexes acquired from the configured PUCCH HARQ transmission resources, initial signal-to-noise ratio determination for representing the PUCCH quality is completed, and further when the PUCCH quality is low, multi-noise power calculation is performed by selecting a combination formed by a plurality of unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence indexes from the PUCCH HARQ transmission resources according to a predetermined complementary detection corresponding relation and the initial signal-to-noise ratio, so that the average signal-to-noise ratio determined again according to the multi-noise power is more accurate, and further the detection accuracy of the PUCCH transmission state determined according to the average signal-to-noise ratio is higher. Because the transmission state is subjected to the complementary detection only when the PUCCH quality is low, the detection precision and the data calculation complexity in the transmission state detection process are well balanced, the data resource waste is reduced, the false detection rate of the transmission state is reduced, and the data transmission reliability is improved.
Wherein each frequency domain signal comprises a data symbol frequency domain signal and a pilot symbol frequency domain signal.
Optionally, the initial signal-to-noise ratio determining module 32 is specifically configured to:
performing cyclic shift removal, orthogonalization removal, descrambling, frequency domain resource internal average and time slot internal average processing on each data symbol frequency domain signal through the current configuration information of the HARQ transmission resource, and determining average data of the data symbols;
Performing cyclic shift removal, orthogonalization removal, frequency domain resource internal average and time slot internal average processing on each pilot frequency symbol frequency domain signal through the current configuration information to determine pilot frequency symbol average data;
determining signal power according to the data symbol average data and the pilot symbol average data;
respectively carrying out cyclic shift removal, orthogonalization removal and in-frequency domain resource average processing on each data symbol frequency domain signal and each pilot symbol frequency domain signal through target resource information combination to determine target data symbol average data and target pilot symbol average data;
and carrying out average of a preset number of symbols on each target data symbol average data and each target pilot frequency symbol average data, carrying out inter-antenna average after calculating power according to a symbol average result, and determining initial noise power.
Optionally, the average power determining module 34 is specifically configured to:
extracting target resource information combinations of which the target complementary detection number is not coincident from HARQ transmission resources;
for each target resource information combination, determining intermediate noise power according to each frequency domain signal and the target resource information combination;
average noise power is determined by averaging the intermediate noise powers.
Optionally, the transmission status determining module 35 includes:
An average signal-to-noise ratio determining unit configured to determine a ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio;
a first state determining unit, configured to determine, if the average signal-to-noise ratio is greater than a preset second detection threshold, a transmission state of the PUCCH according to HARQ information in the HARQ transmission resource;
and the second state determining unit is used for determining the discontinuous transmission state as the transmission state of the PUCCH if the average signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than or equal to a preset second detection threshold.
Optionally, the transmission status determining module 35 is further configured to:
if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to a preset first detection threshold, determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the HARQ information in the HARQ transmission resource.
The transmission state detection device provided by the embodiment of the invention can execute the transmission state detection method provided by any embodiment of the invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method.
Example IV
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission state detecting device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The transmission status detection device 40 may be an electronic device intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. Electronic equipment may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processing, cellular telephones, smartphones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the inventions described and/or claimed herein.
As shown in fig. 4, the transmission state detection device 40 includes at least one processor 41, and a memory such as a Read Only Memory (ROM) 42, a Random Access Memory (RAM) 43, etc. communicatively connected to the at least one processor 41, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, and the processor 41 can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the Read Only Memory (ROM) 42 or the computer program loaded from the storage unit 48 into the Random Access Memory (RAM) 43. In the RAM 43, various programs and data required for the operation of the transmission state detection apparatus 40 can also be stored. The processor 41, the ROM 42 and the RAM 43 are connected to each other via a bus 44. An input/output (I/O) interface 45 is also connected to bus 44.
A plurality of components in the transmission state detection apparatus 40 are connected to the I/O interface 45, including: an input unit 46 such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 47 such as various types of displays, speakers, and the like; a storage unit 48 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like; and a communication unit 49 such as a network card, modem, wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 49 allows the transmission state detection apparatus 40 to exchange information/data with other apparatuses through a computer network such as the internet and/or various telecommunication networks.
The processor 41 may be various general and/or special purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 41 include, but are not limited to, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), various specialized Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The processor 41 performs the respective methods and processes described above, such as a transmission state detection method.
In some embodiments, the transmission state detection method may be implemented as a computer program tangibly embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, such as the storage unit 48. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto the transmission state detection device 40 via the ROM 42 and/or the communication unit 49. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 43 and executed by the processor 41, one or more steps of the transmission state detection method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the processor 41 may be configured to perform the transmission state detection method by any other suitable means (e.g. by means of firmware).
Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here above may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuit systems, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), systems On Chip (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include: implemented in one or more computer programs, the one or more computer programs may be executed and/or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a special purpose or general-purpose programmable processor, that may receive data and instructions from, and transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
A computer program for carrying out methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the computer programs, when executed by the processor, cause the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks to be implemented. The computer program may execute entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
In the context of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a computer program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Alternatively, the computer readable storage medium may be a machine readable signal medium. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) through which a user can provide input to the electronic device. Other kinds of devices may also be used to provide for interaction with a user; for example, feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic input, speech input, or tactile input.
The systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a background component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front-end component (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such background, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: local Area Networks (LANs), wide Area Networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the internet.
The computing system may include clients and servers. The client and server are typically remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. The server can be a cloud server, also called a cloud computing server or a cloud host, and is a host product in a cloud computing service system, so that the defects of high management difficulty and weak service expansibility in the traditional physical hosts and VPS service are overcome.
It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, so long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention are achieved, and the present invention is not limited herein.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A transmission state detection method, comprising:
acquiring frequency domain signals of a preset number of symbols from a currently configured Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission resource, and extracting a target resource information combination from the HARQ transmission resource; wherein, the target resource information combination is a combination formed by unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index in the HARQ transmission resource;
Determining signal power and initial noise power according to each frequency domain signal and the target resource information combination, and determining the ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as an initial signal-to-noise ratio;
if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a preset first detection threshold, determining the target supplementary detection quantity according to the corresponding relation between the initial signal-to-noise ratio and the preset supplementary detection;
extracting a target resource information combination of which the target complementary detection number is not coincident from the HARQ transmission resource, and determining average noise power according to each frequency domain signal and each target resource information combination;
and determining the ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio, comparing the average signal-to-noise ratio with a preset second detection threshold, and determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein each of said frequency domain signals comprises a data symbol frequency domain signal and a pilot symbol frequency domain signal;
the determining the signal power and the initial noise power according to each frequency domain signal and the target resource information combination includes:
performing cyclic shift removal, orthogonalization removal, descrambling, frequency domain resource internal average and time slot internal average processing on each data symbol frequency domain signal through the current configuration information of the HARQ transmission resource, and determining average data of the data symbols;
Performing cyclic shift removal, orthogonalization removal, frequency domain resource internal average and time slot internal average processing on each pilot frequency symbol frequency domain signal through the current configuration information to determine pilot frequency symbol average data;
determining signal power according to the data symbol average data and the pilot symbol average data;
respectively carrying out cyclic shift removal, orthogonalization removal and frequency domain resource internal average processing on each data symbol frequency domain signal and each pilot symbol frequency domain signal through the target resource information combination to determine target data symbol average data and target pilot symbol average data;
and carrying out average of the preset number of symbols on each target data symbol average data and each target pilot frequency symbol average data, carrying out inter-antenna average after power is obtained according to a symbol average result, and determining initial noise power.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining an average noise power from each of said frequency domain signals and each of said target resource information combinations comprises:
for each target resource information combination, determining intermediate noise power according to each frequency domain signal and the target resource information combination;
And averaging the intermediate noise power to determine average noise power.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the comparing the average signal-to-noise ratio with a preset second detection threshold, and determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result, comprises:
if the average signal-to-noise ratio is larger than a preset second detection threshold, determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the HARQ information in the HARQ transmission resource;
and if the average signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than or equal to the preset second detection threshold, determining the discontinuous transmission state as the transmission state of the PUCCH.
5. The method according to any of claims 1-4, further comprising, after said determining the ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as an initial signal-to-noise ratio:
and if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to the preset first detection threshold, determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the HARQ information in the HARQ transmission resource.
6. A transmission state detection apparatus, characterized by comprising:
the information acquisition module is used for acquiring frequency domain signals of a preset number of symbols from the currently configured Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission resources, and extracting a target resource information combination from the HARQ transmission resources; wherein, the target resource information combination is a combination formed by unoccupied cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence index in the HARQ transmission resource;
An initial signal-to-noise ratio determining module, configured to determine a signal power and an initial noise power according to each combination of the frequency domain signal and the target resource information, and determine a ratio of the signal power to the initial noise power as an initial signal-to-noise ratio;
the supplementary detection number determining module is used for determining target supplementary detection number according to the corresponding relation between the initial signal-to-noise ratio and the preset supplementary detection if the initial signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a preset first detection threshold;
the average power determining module is used for extracting the target complementary detection number of misaligned target resource information combinations from the HARQ transmission resources and determining average noise power according to each frequency domain signal and each target resource information combination;
and the transmission state determining module is used for determining the ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio, comparing the average signal-to-noise ratio with a preset second detection threshold, and determining the transmission state of the PUCCH according to the comparison result.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the average power determination module is specifically configured to:
extracting the target complementary detection number of misaligned target resource information combinations from the HARQ transmission resource;
For each target resource information combination, determining intermediate noise power according to each frequency domain signal and the target resource information combination;
and averaging the intermediate noise power to determine average noise power.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the transmission state determination module comprises:
an average signal-to-noise ratio determining unit configured to determine a ratio of the signal power to the average noise power as an average signal-to-noise ratio;
a first state determining unit, configured to determine, if the average signal-to-noise ratio is greater than a preset second detection threshold, a transmission state of the PUCCH according to HARQ information in the HARQ transmission resource;
and the second state determining unit is used for determining the discontinuous transmission state as the transmission state of the PUCCH if the average signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than or equal to the preset second detection threshold.
9. A transmission state detection apparatus, characterized by comprising:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein,
the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the transmission state detection method of any one of claims 1-5.
10. A storage medium containing computer executable instructions which, when executed by a computer processor, are for performing the transmission state detection method of any of claims 1-5.
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