CN117579117A - Light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal - Google Patents
Light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN117579117A CN117579117A CN202311326725.5A CN202311326725A CN117579117A CN 117579117 A CN117579117 A CN 117579117A CN 202311326725 A CN202311326725 A CN 202311326725A CN 117579117 A CN117579117 A CN 117579117A
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- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18517—Transmission equipment in earth stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
- H01Q3/04—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation
- H01Q3/06—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation over a restricted angle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
- H04B1/50—Circuits using different frequencies for the two directions of communication
- H04B1/52—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
- H04B1/525—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa with means for reducing leakage of transmitter signal into the receiver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
Abstract
The invention relates to the satellite relay communication field, in particular to a light and small-sized low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal, which comprises: an antenna unit, a band-pass filter group unit, a communicator unit and a servo mechanism unit which are arranged in the airtight space inside the watertight cover; wherein, the transmitting and receiving of the antenna unit share an array antenna; the band-pass filter bank unit adopts an integrated design. The invention improves the antenna gain and reduces the size of the whole communication terminal through the array antenna shared by transmitting and receiving, thereby completing the design of light miniaturization; the band-pass filter bank unit is integrally designed, so that the anti-interference capability is improved, and meanwhile, the light and small-sized design is further completed. The transmitting amplifying circuit in the communication unit adopts gallium nitride chips, improves the gain and optimizes the link design, so that the number of the link chips is less, and the requirement of light and small-sized design is better completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of satellite relay communication, in particular to a light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal.
Background
At present, in the field of ocean research, a French Argos system can realize data communication with a code rate of 4.8-9.6 kb/s between an offshore platform and a shore base station, and a American second-generation iridium system (Iridium Satellite) can realize real-time data communication with a single channel of 1.5Mb/s between an offshore observation platform and the shore base station; the communication satellite network of Tiantong No. one in China can realize the data communication with the speed of 384 kb/s. With the world marine environmental monitoring and the rapid development of open sea equipment, the amount of data transmitted between the surface communication buoy and the shore base station/ship base station will be greater and greater. Therefore, there is a need for a significant increase in the data transfer rate between the offshore buoy and the shore base station/vessel base station.
Rao Hao, zhang Yan and Zhang Jinzhou et al published 2019 disclose a satellite relay communication terminal for use in an offshore buoy, wherein the communication frequency is in the S-band, the antenna of the communication terminal adopts a parabolic antenna, and the overall size (diameter x height) is 1.1m x 1.1m. When the communication band is L-band, the communication terminal of the L-band should be larger in size than the communication terminal of the S-band for wavelength reasons.
In summary, most of the existing L-band low-orbit satellite communication terminals installed on the buoy use parabolic antennas, and because the parabolic antennas and the servomechanism are limited by L-band wavelengths, the overall size of the communication terminal is large, which does not meet the requirement of miniaturization of the existing offshore buoy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the real-time data communication propagation rate is small and the whole volume of a communication terminal is large between a deep open sea buoy platform and a shore base station or a ship base station, thereby providing a light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal which realizes the miniaturization of the whole terminal by changing the type of an antenna and reducing the size.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention provides a light and small-sized low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal, which comprises: an antenna unit, a band-pass filter group unit, a communicator unit and a servo mechanism unit which are arranged in the airtight space inside the watertight cover; wherein,
the antenna unit is used for receiving downlink radio frequency signals sent by the low-orbit satellite, sending the downlink radio frequency signals to the band-pass filter bank unit, and transmitting uplink modulation signals filtered by the band-pass filter bank unit to the low-orbit satellite, wherein the antenna unit shares an array antenna for transmitting and receiving;
the band-pass filter bank unit is designed integrally and is used for filtering the received downlink radio frequency signals and then sending the downlink radio frequency signals to the communicator unit, and is also used for filtering the uplink data signals modulated and amplified by the communicator unit and then sending the uplink data signals to the antenna unit;
the communication unit is used for amplifying and demodulating the received downlink radio frequency signals and modulating and amplifying uplink data signals to be transmitted;
the servo mechanism unit is used for supporting the antenna unit and adjusting the direction of the antenna unit.
As an improvement of the above device, the watertight cover comprises: the watertight upper cover, the watertight lower cover and the watertight cover base;
the watertight upper cover and the watertight lower cover are oppositely arranged and are fixed at the outer edge of the watertight cover base; the watertight upper cover covers the units above the watertight cover base and forms an airtight space with the watertight cover base; the watertight lower cover covers the unit below the watertight cover base, and an airtight space is formed between the watertight lower cover and the watertight cover base;
the top end of the servo mechanism unit is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the antenna unit, and the bottom end of the servo mechanism unit is fixedly connected with the top surface of the watertight cover base;
the watertight upper cover adopts glass fiber at the corresponding position of the pitch angle coverage range of the array antenna unit so as to ensure wave permeability, and the outer parts of the rest positions are covered by carbon fiber reinforcing layers so as to increase strength.
As an improvement of the above device, the antenna unit adopts a circular array antenna unit; the top surface of the array antenna unit is provided with four rows of antenna elements, and the bottom surface of the array antenna unit is provided with a radio frequency signal transmitting interface, a radio frequency signal receiving interface, a band-pass filter group unit and a communicator unit; the first row and the fourth row comprise two antenna arrays, the second row and the third row comprise four antenna arrays, and the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between any two antenna arrays are equal; the radio frequency signal transmitting interface and the radio frequency signal receiving interface are connected with the band-pass filter bank unit.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the band pass filter bank unit includes: an upstream bandpass filter subunit and a downstream bandpass filter subunit integrated together.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the communicator unit includes: a receiving amplifying circuit, a signal processing circuit and a transmitting amplifying circuit; wherein,
the receiving and amplifying circuit is used for receiving the downlink radio frequency signals filtered by the band-pass filter bank unit, amplifying the downlink radio frequency signals and outputting the amplified downlink radio frequency signals to the signal processing circuit;
the signal processing circuit is used for directly down-converting the amplified downlink radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency, and outputting baseband data signal data after capturing, tracking and demodulating operations are sequentially carried out; the system is also used for differentially QPSK modulating an uplink data signal to be transmitted to an uplink transmission carrier frequency and outputting the uplink data signal to a transmission amplifying circuit;
the transmitting amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the modulated uplink data signal and sending the uplink data signal to the band-pass filter bank unit.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the transmission amplifying circuit sequentially includes: the gallium arsenide power amplifier comprises a first gallium arsenide power amplifier, a first dielectric filter, a second gallium arsenide power amplifier, a third gallium arsenide power amplifier, a first isolator, a second dielectric filter, a gallium nitride power amplifier and a second isolator; the first gallium arsenide power amplifier, the second gallium arsenide power amplifier, the third gallium arsenide power amplifier and the gallium nitride power amplifier are integrated together to form a solid-state power amplifier.
As an improvement of the above device, the servo mechanism unit adopts a triaxial structure; wherein,
the servo mechanism unit is used for respectively adjusting the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the roll angle of the array antenna unit through the triaxial structure based on GPS differential positioning information of the communication terminal and ephemeris data of the low-orbit satellite, which are sent by the upper computer, so that the array antenna unit faces the low-orbit satellite, and the uplink and downlink communication links between the array antenna unit and the low-orbit satellite are kept smooth.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the communication terminal further includes: the storage battery unit is used for supplying power to each unit, and the power switch control unit is used for controlling the on-off of a circuit between the storage battery unit and each unit; the power switch control unit and the storage battery unit are connected with the watertight cover base.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the communication terminal further includes: a photoelectric conversion unit; the photoelectric conversion unit is arranged on the watertight cover base, is connected with the servo mechanism unit and the power switch control unit, and is also connected with the upper computer through an external cable;
the photoelectric conversion unit is used for converting GPS differential positioning information and low-orbit satellite ephemeris data sent by the upper computer into RS422 level standards and sending the RS422 level standards to the servo mechanism unit; the power switch control unit is used for controlling the circuit on-off between the storage battery unit and each unit based on the power on-off signal of the RS422 level standard; the power switch control unit is used for converting a communication unit sending on or off instruction sent by the upper computer into an RS422 level standard and sending the RS422 level standard to the communication unit so as to control the on or off of a communication unit sending function; and the power switch control unit is also used for converting the turn-on or turn-off instruction received by the communicator unit sent by the upper computer into an RS422 level standard and sending the standard to the communicator unit through the power switch control unit so as to control the turn-on or turn-off of the receiving function of the communicator unit.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the communication terminal further includes: a temperature control unit; wherein,
the temperature control unit is arranged on the top surface of the watertight cover base, is connected with the storage battery unit, and is used for guiding heat of the watertight upper cover to the watertight lower cover and exchanging heat with seawater through the watertight lower cover.
The invention provides a light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal, which comprises the following advantages:
1. the invention completes the real-time transmission task of 8Mbps data of the offshore buoy-low orbit satellite-ship end equipment link, and the whole low orbit satellite relay communication link has small time delay and high speed;
2. according to the invention, an antenna scheme in a low-orbit satellite communication terminal of a traditional marine buoy is optimized and replaced by an array antenna, and the array antenna is shared by transmitting and receiving, so that the overall communication terminal size is reduced while the antenna gain is improved, the design of light miniaturization is completed, and the circular array antenna is adopted to be attached to a watertight cover shape, so that the overall volume is further reduced;
3. the transmitting amplifying circuit in the communication unit adopts a solid-state power amplifier design, reduces the required size of the whole amplifying circuit on the basis of meeting the required transmitting power of the whole communication link, and completes the design of high efficiency, light weight and miniaturization;
4. the invention uses the isolation design of the band-pass filter bank for transmitting and receiving, isolates the transmitted large signal and the received small signal, and the filter structure is designed integrally, thus improving the anti-interference capability and simultaneously completing the light and miniaturized design. The gallium arsenide (GaAs) power amplifier and the gallium nitride (GaN) power amplifier have higher gains, and compared with the low gains, the gallium arsenide (GaAs) power amplifier and the gallium nitride (GaN) power amplifier can reduce the number of devices used, so that the design size is further reduced, and the overall size (diameter multiplied by height) of the L-band communication terminal provided by the invention is only 1m multiplied by 1m;
5. the servo mechanism unit in the communication terminal adopts a triaxial design, based on GPS differential positioning information and satellite ephemeris data, the adjustment of the transverse rolling direction of the antenna plane is increased on the basis of adjusting the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the antenna plane, and the antenna plane can be more accurately adjusted to track a low-orbit satellite, so that the whole communication link is kept communicated;
6. the invention solves the problem that the RS422 level cannot realize remote control through the photoelectric conversion unit, converts the optical signal with the RS422 level by using the photoelectric converter, and realizes remote control through matching with an external 400 m optical cable, so that the communication terminal can also detect whether the function of the equipment is normal;
7. the temperature control unit is used for controlling the temperature in the watertight cover, and the storage battery unit is directly used for supplying power. When the temperature in the cover is too high, the temperature control unit is started to guide the temperature in the cover to the lower cover, and then heat is guided away through seawater, so that temperature control is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional model diagram of a light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 (a) is a top view showing the mechanical characteristics of a light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 (b) is a side view of the mechanical characteristics of the light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 (c) is a front view showing the mechanical characteristics of the light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a water surface communication terminal of a light and small low-orbit satellite according to the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna unit feed network according to the present invention;
fig. 6 (a) is a perspective view of the transmitting frequency direction of the array antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 6 (b) is a diagram of the transmit frequency direction of the array antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 7 (a) is a perspective view of the receiving frequency direction of the array antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 7 (b) is a diagram of the receive frequency direction of the array antenna unit of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a receiving amplifier circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a signal processing circuit implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a transmit amplifier circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a power switching circuit design of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a zero intermediate frequency demodulation circuit diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of noise figure calculation of a receiving amplifying link according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a satellite-to-ground link according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the junction of the watertight upper housing and the watertight housing base.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme provided by the invention is further described below by combining with the embodiment.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 provides a light and small-sized low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal, comprising: an antenna unit, a band-pass filter group unit, a communicator unit and a servo mechanism unit which are arranged in the airtight space inside the watertight cover; wherein,
the antenna unit is used for receiving downlink radio frequency signals sent by the low-orbit satellite, sending the downlink radio frequency signals to the band-pass filter bank unit, and transmitting uplink modulation signals filtered by the band-pass filter bank unit to the low-orbit satellite, wherein the antenna unit shares an array antenna for transmitting and receiving;
the band-pass filter bank unit is designed integrally and is used for filtering the received downlink radio frequency signals and then sending the downlink radio frequency signals to the communicator unit, and is also used for filtering the uplink data signals modulated and amplified by the communicator unit and then sending the uplink data signals to the antenna unit;
the communication unit is used for amplifying and demodulating the received downlink radio frequency signals and modulating and amplifying uplink data signals to be transmitted;
the servo mechanism unit is used for supporting the antenna unit and adjusting the direction of the antenna unit.
The watertight cover includes: the watertight upper cover, the watertight lower cover and the watertight cover base;
the watertight upper cover and the watertight lower cover are oppositely arranged and are fixed at the outer edge of the watertight cover base; the watertight upper cover covers the units above the watertight cover base and forms an airtight space with the watertight cover base; the watertight lower cover covers the unit below the watertight cover base, and an airtight space is formed between the watertight lower cover and the watertight cover base;
the top end of the servo mechanism unit is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the antenna unit, and the bottom end of the servo mechanism unit is fixedly connected with the top surface of the watertight cover base;
the watertight upper cover adopts glass fiber at the corresponding position of the pitch angle coverage range of the array antenna unit so as to ensure wave permeability, and the outer parts of the rest positions are covered by carbon fiber reinforcing layers so as to increase strength.
The antenna unit adopts a circular array antenna unit; the top surface of the array antenna unit is provided with four rows of antenna elements, and the bottom surface of the array antenna unit is provided with a radio frequency signal transmitting interface, a radio frequency signal receiving interface, a band-pass filter group unit and a communicator unit; the first row and the fourth row comprise two antenna arrays, the second row and the third row comprise four antenna arrays, and the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between any two antenna arrays are equal; the radio frequency signal transmitting interface and the radio frequency signal receiving interface are connected with the band-pass filter bank unit.
The band pass filter bank unit includes: an upstream bandpass filter subunit and a downstream bandpass filter subunit integrated together.
The communicator unit includes: a receiving amplifying circuit, a signal processing circuit and a transmitting amplifying circuit; wherein,
the receiving and amplifying circuit is used for receiving the downlink radio frequency signals filtered by the band-pass filter bank unit, amplifying the downlink radio frequency signals and outputting the amplified downlink radio frequency signals to the signal processing circuit;
the signal processing circuit is used for directly down-converting the amplified downlink radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency, and outputting baseband data signal data after capturing, tracking and demodulating operations are sequentially carried out; the system is also used for differentially QPSK modulating an uplink data signal to be transmitted to an uplink transmission carrier frequency and outputting the uplink data signal to a transmission amplifying circuit;
the transmitting amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the modulated uplink data signal and sending the uplink data signal to the band-pass filter bank unit.
The transmission amplifying circuit sequentially comprises: the gallium arsenide power amplifier comprises a first gallium arsenide power amplifier, a first dielectric filter, a second gallium arsenide power amplifier, a third gallium arsenide power amplifier, a first isolator, a second dielectric filter, a gallium nitride power amplifier and a second isolator; the first gallium arsenide power amplifier, the second gallium arsenide power amplifier, the third gallium arsenide power amplifier and the gallium nitride power amplifier are integrated together to form a solid-state power amplifier.
The servo mechanism unit adopts a triaxial structure; wherein,
the servo mechanism unit is used for respectively adjusting the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the roll angle of the array antenna unit through the triaxial structure based on GPS differential positioning information of the communication terminal and ephemeris data of the low-orbit satellite, which are sent by the upper computer, so that the array antenna unit faces the low-orbit satellite, and the uplink and downlink communication links between the array antenna unit and the low-orbit satellite are kept smooth.
The communication terminal further includes: the storage battery unit is used for supplying power to each unit, and the power switch control unit is used for controlling the on-off of a circuit between the storage battery unit and each unit; the power switch control unit and the storage battery unit are arranged on the watertight cover base.
The communication terminal further includes: a photoelectric conversion unit; the photoelectric conversion unit is arranged on the watertight cover base, is connected with the servo mechanism unit and the power switch control unit, and is also connected with the upper computer through an external cable;
the photoelectric conversion unit is used for converting GPS differential positioning information and low-orbit satellite ephemeris data sent by the upper computer into RS422 level standards and sending the RS422 level standards to the servo mechanism unit; the power switch control unit is used for controlling the circuit on-off between the storage battery unit and each unit based on the power on-off signal of the RS422 level standard; the power switch control unit is used for converting a communication unit sending on or off instruction sent by the upper computer into an RS422 level standard and sending the RS422 level standard to the communication unit so as to control the on or off of a communication unit sending function; and the power switch control unit is also used for converting the turn-on or turn-off instruction received by the communicator unit sent by the upper computer into an RS422 level standard and sending the standard to the communicator unit through the power switch control unit so as to control the turn-on or turn-off of the receiving function of the communicator unit.
The communication terminal further includes: a temperature control unit; wherein,
the temperature control unit is arranged on the top surface of the watertight cover base, is connected with the storage battery unit, and is used for guiding heat of the watertight upper cover to the watertight lower cover and exchanging heat with seawater through the watertight lower cover.
Embodiment 1 will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the light and small low-orbit satellite communication terminal applied to the marine buoy provided in embodiment 1 includes: the device comprises an array antenna unit, a servo mechanism unit, a communicator unit, a band-pass filter bank unit, a power switch control unit, a temperature control unit, a photoelectric conversion unit and a storage battery unit;
as shown in fig. 5 to 7 (b), the array antenna unit is different from the parabolic antenna used in the conventional scheme, adopts a 4×4 rectangular cut angle array antenna, and removes four corner array elements in consideration of the size of the watertight cover in case of satisfying the antenna gain;
the servo mechanism unit is convenient for adjusting the antenna plane to track the low-orbit relay satellite by utilizing a triaxial structure and keeps normal communication of an uplink and a downlink;
the communicator unit comprises three parts: a receiving amplifying circuit as shown in fig. 8, a signal processing circuit as shown in fig. 9, and a transmitting amplifying circuit as shown in fig. 10.
The receiving and amplifying circuit shown in fig. 8 is composed of a three-stage low noise amplifier and a dielectric filter, and is used for amplifying the radio frequency signals transmitted by the low-orbit relay satellite after the radio frequency signals pass through the band-pass filter bank unit and outputting the amplified radio frequency signals to the signal processing circuit shown in fig. 9; the direct frequency conversion tuner in the signal processing circuit directly down-converts the radio frequency signal input by the receiving and amplifying circuit to an intermediate frequency, captures, tracks and demodulates the radio frequency signal and then outputs baseband data signal data, and simultaneously modulates the demodulated data signal to an uplink transmitting carrier frequency and outputs the uplink transmitting carrier frequency to the transmitting and amplifying circuit; the transmitting amplifying circuit shown in fig. 10 is composed of a 4-stage power amplifier and a dielectric filter, outputs the QPSK modulated signal supplied from the signal processing circuit to the band-pass filter bank unit;
the band-pass filter group unit consists of two band-pass filters, the frequency bands of the two band-pass filters respectively correspond to the uplink frequency and the downlink frequency of the communication unit, and compared with the traditional use of two separated band-pass filters, the band-pass filter group unit combines the two filters in one structure body, thereby being convenient for installation and miniaturization;
the power switch control unit shown in fig. 11 converts the input voltage from the battery unit for supporting the operation of each unit in the terminal. The power switch function is realized by the magnetic relay, the P-channel MOSFET and the MCU, and the MCU sends pulse signals to control the power supply of the servo mechanism unit and the communicator unit. And the MCU is used for sending a signal to control the opening and closing of the transmitting and receiving functions of the communication unit;
and the temperature control unit is used for controlling the temperature in the watertight cover and directly supplying power by the storage battery unit. When the temperature in the cover is higher than 35 ℃, the temperature control unit is started to guide the temperature in the cover to the lower cover, and then the heat is guided away by the seawater to realize temperature control;
the photoelectric conversion unit can not realize remote control on the RS422 level, the photoelectric converter is used for converting the optical signal and the RS422 level, and the remote control communication terminal is matched with an external 400-meter optical cable to realize whether the function of the equipment is normal or not;
the storage battery unit is used for supplying power to each unit in the communication terminal, the voltage reaches 37.8V under the condition of full charge, and the power is automatically cut off when the voltage is reduced to 25.2V due to use;
after the storage battery supplies power to the communication terminal, the external upper computer end sends a power-on instruction, the MCU in the power switch control unit sends a pulse signal to dial the magnetic relay switch to the ground once after receiving the power-on instruction, the MOS tube is conducted due to the fact that the source grid voltage difference exceeds a threshold value, and the storage battery connected with the drain is conducted to the source to supply power to the servo mechanism unit and the communication machine unit.
The external upper computer end sends simulated satellite ephemeris data to the servo mechanism unit through an optical cable, and the servo mechanism unit combines GPS differential positioning information and the satellite ephemeris data to adjust three axes, namely azimuth angle, pitch angle and roll angle, so that the antenna plane tracks the low-orbit relay satellite.
After the external upper computer end sends a command for opening and closing the receiving or transmitting function of the communication machine, the MCU in the power switch control unit sends an RS422 level to the communication machine unit to realize the opening and closing of the receiving or transmitting function of the communication machine. When the transmitting function of the communication machine is opened, the signal processing circuit transmits QPSK modulation signals with 8Mbps, the signal power is amplified to 52.3dBm through the transmitting amplifying circuit, and then the signal power is transmitted to the relay satellite through the array antenna unit; when the receiving function of the communication machine is opened, the array antenna unit receives QPSK modulation signals of 8Mbps issued by the intermediate satellite, the signal power is amplified to-50 dBm through the receiving and amplifying circuit and then is input into the signal processing circuit, and the signals are demodulated through the zero intermediate frequency demodulation circuit shown in fig. 12 in the signal processing circuit and then are output to an external upper computer end in an RS422 level mode. The noise figure of the receiving amplified link is shown in fig. 13, and the satellite-ground link is shown in fig. 14.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the overall structure of the communication terminal is an integrated structure; the communication unit and the band-pass filter group unit are arranged on the back of the array antenna unit; the servo mechanism unit supports the array antenna unit, and is fixedly arranged on the watertight cover base together with the power switch control unit, the temperature control unit and the photoelectric conversion unit in the middle layer; the storage battery unit comprises a battery compartment which is positioned at the lowest layer of the structure and is connected with the watertight cover base through a bracket, and the surface of the storage battery unit is not contacted with the watertight cover base so as to reduce heat conduction between the storage battery unit and the watertight cover base; the three-layer structure is connected by adopting the fastening piece, the communication terminal is suitable for the marine buoy, the watertight performance of the watertight cover and the battery compartment is required to be ensured, and the scheme of up-down lamination sealing is realized by adopting the groove combined with the O-shaped ring.
The parabolic antenna adopted by the traditional water satellite communication terminal is replaced by an array antenna. Meanwhile, under the condition that the size of the watertight cover is considered and the antenna gain is met, array elements at four corners are removed on the basis of the traditional 4×4 rectangular array design, and the reflecting surface is designed to be round so that the reflecting surface and the watertight cover are better matched in size. The signal transmitting and receiving shared array antenna of the water satellite communication terminal reduces the space occupied by the antenna on the basis of using different antennas for traditional transmitting and receiving, and can better realize the light miniaturization of the water satellite communication terminal. As shown in fig. 5 to fig. 7 (b), the whole array antenna unit externally comprises 12 antenna elements and 2 radio frequency interfaces, and the 2 interfaces respectively correspond to signal transmission and reception;
the watertight upper cover in the communication terminal adopts a scheme of using glass fiber, carbon fiber and 316L without repairing steel, and solid glass fiber materials are used in a coverage area of calculating and tracking the corresponding pitch angle of the low-orbit satellite to ensure wave permeability. However, considering that the whole terminal needs to bear the water pressure of 10m under water, a carbon fiber reinforcing layer is added outside the coverage area so as to ensure the structural strength. The marine buoy also needs to resist salt spray corrosion, as shown in fig. 15, the watertight upper cover in the communication terminal is connected with the base through a flange structure, and the fixed flange structure is made of 316L stainless steel material;
in the traditional scheme, a servo mechanism usually uses two shafts for tracking satellites, and because the running speed of the low-orbit satellites is high, the servo mechanism in the communication terminal adopts a triaxial design, so that the adjustment of the transverse rolling direction of the plane of the antenna is increased, the plane of the antenna can be more accurately adjusted to track the low-orbit satellites, and the whole communication link is kept communicated;
in the communication unit, the transmitting amplifying circuit shown in fig. 10 adopts a scheme of a solid-state power amplifier under the premise of light miniaturization, the whole output power is larger than 160W, and the specific design comprises 3 GaAs amplifiers as driving stages and 1 GaN amplifier as final-stage amplifiers, wherein the three-stage driving stage amplifier amplifies an input signal with power of-10 dBm to 10W, namely 40dBm for driving the final-stage amplifiers. Meanwhile, a first-stage dielectric filter is respectively added before the input end and the final-stage power amplifier, and an isolator is added at the output port of the transmitting amplifying circuit after the final-stage power amplifier. The power consumption of the whole emission amplifying circuit is 270W, and the efficiency reaches 60%;
in the communicator unit, the signal processing circuits shown in fig. 9 all employ DQPSK modulation to transfer data through the phase difference between adjacent symbols; converting an original absolute code into a relative code in an FPGA (field programmable gate array) in a circuit in a differential coding mode, and then completing the whole carrier modulation in a mode of sending a I, Q two-baseband signal subjected to differential coding into a quadrature modulation module; an internal register of the radio frequency modulation chip ADRF6720 is configured through SPI communication, so that the output power is-10 dBm, and the center frequency is 1671.5MHz;
a direct conversion tuner chip MAX2112 in an analog part of a signal processing circuit in the communication unit outputs an intermediate frequency signal with the frequency of 16MHz after down-conversion of a carrier signal with the central frequency of 1521.5MHz, and then the intermediate frequency signal is sampled by an analog-to-digital conversion chip, and finally the obtained I, Q two paths of signals are input into an FPGA for incoherent demodulation; the delay processing function is realized through a shift register, and delays an output signal by 16 sampling points in one symbol period; the digital-analog conversion chip samples an input signal and changes the input signal into I, Q two paths of orthogonal signals through a set Hillbert filter, multiplies the two paths of orthogonal signals with the delayed signals respectively, and then carries out bit synchronization judgment through a low-pass filter to realize the whole incoherent demodulation process;
the circuit of the power switch control unit as shown in fig. 11 includes: the magnetic relay, the P-channel MOS tube and the MCU. The switching circuit formed by the magnetic relay and the P-channel MOS tube can complete the on and off of the MOS tube only by inputting a pulse high-level signal at the corresponding opening or closing port; the MCU board sends RS422 level corresponding to the instruction to the switch circuit or the communication unit by receiving the instruction input by the external upper computer, and the implementation can be realized specifically: the servo mechanism unit and the communicator unit are powered on and off, and the communicator unit transmits and receives the opening and closing of the function;
also in the communicator unit is a DC/DC converter capable of providing power to the three circuits. The DC/DC converter comprises two modes of +24V-48V and +24V-12V, and can provide power supply capability of +24V/6A and +12V/4A for the transmitting amplifying circuit, the signal processing circuit and the receiving amplifying unit respectively.
As can be seen from the above detailed description of the present invention, the light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal provided by the present invention includes the following advantages:
1. the invention completes the real-time transmission task of 8Mbps data of the offshore buoy-low orbit satellite-ship end equipment link, and the whole low orbit satellite relay communication link has small time delay and high speed;
2. according to the invention, an antenna scheme in a low-orbit satellite communication terminal of a traditional marine buoy is optimized and replaced by an array antenna, and the array antenna is shared by transmitting and receiving, so that the overall communication terminal size is reduced while the antenna gain is improved, the design of light miniaturization is completed, and the circular array antenna is adopted to be attached to a watertight cover shape, so that the overall volume is further reduced;
3. the transmitting amplifying circuit in the communication unit adopts a solid-state power amplifier design, adopts a gallium nitride chip, improves the gain and optimizes the link design at the same time, so that the number of the link chips is smaller, the required size of the whole amplifying circuit is reduced on the basis of being capable of realizing the required transmitting power of the whole communication link, and the design of high efficiency and light miniaturization is completed;
4. the invention uses the isolation design of the band-pass filter bank for transmitting and receiving, isolates the transmitted large signal and the received small signal, and the filter structure is integrally designed, thereby improving the anti-interference capability and further completing the design of light miniaturization, and the overall size (diameter multiplied by height) of the L-band communication terminal provided by the invention is only 1m multiplied by 1m;
5. the servo mechanism unit in the communication terminal adopts a triaxial design, based on GPS differential positioning information and satellite ephemeris data, the adjustment of the transverse rolling direction of the antenna plane is increased on the basis of adjusting the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the antenna plane, and the antenna plane can be more accurately adjusted to track a low-orbit satellite, so that the whole communication link is kept communicated;
6. the invention solves the problem that the RS422 level cannot realize remote control through the photoelectric conversion unit, converts the optical signal with the RS422 level by using the photoelectric converter, and realizes remote control through matching with an external 400 m optical cable, so that the communication terminal can also detect whether the function of the equipment is normal;
7. the temperature control unit is used for controlling the temperature in the watertight cover, and the storage battery unit is directly used for supplying power. When the temperature in the cover is too high, the temperature control unit is started to guide the temperature in the cover to the lower cover, and then heat is guided away through seawater, so that temperature control is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A light and small low orbit satellite water surface communication terminal, comprising: an antenna unit, a band-pass filter group unit, a communicator unit and a servo mechanism unit which are arranged in the airtight space inside the watertight cover; wherein,
the antenna unit is used for receiving downlink radio frequency signals sent by the low-orbit satellite, sending the downlink radio frequency signals to the band-pass filter bank unit, and transmitting uplink modulation signals filtered by the band-pass filter bank unit to the low-orbit satellite, wherein the antenna unit shares an array antenna for transmitting and receiving;
the band-pass filter bank unit is designed integrally and is used for filtering the received downlink radio frequency signals and then sending the downlink radio frequency signals to the communicator unit, and is also used for filtering the uplink data signals modulated and amplified by the communicator unit and then sending the uplink data signals to the antenna unit;
the communication unit is used for amplifying and demodulating the received downlink radio frequency signals and modulating and amplifying uplink data signals to be transmitted;
the servo mechanism unit is used for supporting the antenna unit and adjusting the direction of the antenna unit.
2. The light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to claim 1,
the watertight cover includes: the watertight upper cover, the watertight lower cover and the watertight cover base;
the watertight upper cover and the watertight lower cover are oppositely arranged and are fixed at the outer edge of the watertight cover base; the watertight upper cover covers the units above the watertight cover base and forms an airtight space with the watertight cover base; the watertight lower cover covers the unit below the watertight cover base, and an airtight space is formed between the watertight lower cover and the watertight cover base;
the top end of the servo mechanism unit is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the antenna unit, and the bottom end of the servo mechanism unit is fixedly connected with the top surface of the watertight cover base;
the watertight upper cover adopts glass fiber at the corresponding position of the pitch angle coverage range of the array antenna unit so as to ensure wave permeability, and the outer parts of the rest positions are covered by carbon fiber reinforcing layers so as to increase strength.
3. The light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to claim 1,
the antenna unit adopts a circular array antenna unit; the top surface of the array antenna unit is provided with four rows of antenna elements, and the bottom surface of the array antenna unit is provided with a radio frequency signal transmitting interface, a radio frequency signal receiving interface, a band-pass filter group unit and a communicator unit; the first row and the fourth row comprise two antenna arrays, the second row and the third row comprise four antenna arrays, and the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between any two antenna arrays are equal; the radio frequency signal transmitting interface and the radio frequency signal receiving interface are connected with the band-pass filter bank unit.
4. The light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to claim 1,
the band pass filter bank unit includes: an upstream bandpass filter subunit and a downstream bandpass filter subunit integrated together.
5. The light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to claim 1, wherein the communicator unit comprises: a receiving amplifying circuit, a signal processing circuit and a transmitting amplifying circuit; wherein,
the receiving and amplifying circuit is used for receiving the downlink radio frequency signals filtered by the band-pass filter bank unit, amplifying the downlink radio frequency signals and outputting the amplified downlink radio frequency signals to the signal processing circuit;
the signal processing circuit is used for directly down-converting the amplified downlink radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency, and outputting baseband data signal data after capturing, tracking and demodulating operations are sequentially carried out; the system is also used for differentially QPSK modulating an uplink data signal to be transmitted to an uplink transmission carrier frequency and outputting the uplink data signal to a transmission amplifying circuit;
the transmitting amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the modulated uplink data signal and sending the uplink data signal to the band-pass filter bank unit.
6. The light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to claim 5, wherein the transmission amplifying circuit comprises in order: the gallium arsenide power amplifier comprises a first gallium arsenide power amplifier, a first dielectric filter, a second gallium arsenide power amplifier, a third gallium arsenide power amplifier, a first isolator, a second dielectric filter, a gallium nitride power amplifier and a second isolator; the first gallium arsenide power amplifier, the second gallium arsenide power amplifier, the third gallium arsenide power amplifier and the gallium nitride power amplifier are integrated together to form a solid-state power amplifier.
7. The light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to claim 1, wherein the servo mechanism unit adopts a triaxial structure; wherein,
the servo mechanism unit is used for respectively adjusting the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the roll angle of the array antenna unit through the triaxial structure based on GPS differential positioning information of the communication terminal and ephemeris data of the low-orbit satellite, which are sent by the upper computer, so that the array antenna unit faces the low-orbit satellite, and the uplink and downlink communication links between the array antenna unit and the low-orbit satellite are kept smooth.
8. The light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to claim 2, further comprising: the storage battery unit is used for supplying power to each unit, and the power switch control unit is used for controlling the on-off of a circuit between the storage battery unit and each unit; the power switch control unit and the storage battery unit are connected with the watertight cover base.
9. A light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to any one of claims 1, 2, 7 and 8, further comprising: a photoelectric conversion unit; the photoelectric conversion unit is arranged on the watertight cover base, is connected with the servo mechanism unit and the power switch control unit, and is also connected with the upper computer through an external cable;
the photoelectric conversion unit is used for converting GPS differential positioning information and low-orbit satellite ephemeris data sent by the upper computer into RS422 level standards and sending the RS422 level standards to the servo mechanism unit; the power switch control unit is used for controlling the circuit on-off between the storage battery unit and each unit based on the power on-off signal of the RS422 level standard; the power switch control unit is used for converting a communication unit sending on or off instruction sent by the upper computer into an RS422 level standard and sending the RS422 level standard to the communication unit so as to control the on or off of a communication unit sending function; and the power switch control unit is also used for converting the turn-on or turn-off instruction received by the communicator unit sent by the upper computer into an RS422 level standard and sending the standard to the communicator unit through the power switch control unit so as to control the turn-on or turn-off of the receiving function of the communicator unit.
10. The light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal according to claim 1, further comprising: a temperature control unit; wherein,
the temperature control unit is arranged on the top surface of the watertight cover base, is connected with the storage battery unit, and is used for guiding heat of the watertight upper cover to the watertight lower cover and exchanging heat with seawater through the watertight lower cover.
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| CN202311326725.5A CN117579117A (en) | 2023-10-13 | 2023-10-13 | Light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal |
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| CN202311326725.5A CN117579117A (en) | 2023-10-13 | 2023-10-13 | Light and small low-orbit satellite water surface communication terminal |
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| WO2022221008A1 (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-10-20 | Viasat, Inc. | Systems and methods for pointing a steerable antenna system onboard a satellite |
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| US20060132371A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-22 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Hybrid antenna system |
| CN102347791A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-02-08 | 中国航天科工信息技术研究院 | Mobile satellite communication device based on panel antenna |
| CN111010224A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-14 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | S-band satellite communication terminal for offshore mobile platform |
| WO2022221008A1 (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-10-20 | Viasat, Inc. | Systems and methods for pointing a steerable antenna system onboard a satellite |
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