CN117578681A - BMS balance control method, battery system and electricity utilization device - Google Patents
BMS balance control method, battery system and electricity utilization device Download PDFInfo
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- CN117578681A CN117578681A CN202410058269.9A CN202410058269A CN117578681A CN 117578681 A CN117578681 A CN 117578681A CN 202410058269 A CN202410058269 A CN 202410058269A CN 117578681 A CN117578681 A CN 117578681A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 171
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004460 N cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a BMS balance control method, a battery system and an electricity utilization device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: dividing the plurality of cells into a plurality of groups, and distributing adjacent cells to different groups; sequentially balancing the battery cells in each group; or, a plurality of groups are balanced in parallel, and at least 2 cells in an unbalanced state are spaced among the cells in the same time and in different groups; the step of equalizing the cells within each group includes: reading the voltages of all the cells in the cell stack, and determining the minimum cell voltage thereinU min The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Judging whether the current battery cell meets the balance condition or not: if the current cell voltage reaches a preset voltage threshold value and the current cell voltage minus the minimum cell voltageU min If the difference value of the current battery cells reaches the preset voltage difference threshold value, balancing the current battery cells, otherwise, polling whether the next battery cell in the group meets the balancing condition or not until each battery cell in the groupThe individual cells are polled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of BMS (battery management system), and in particular relates to a BMS balance control method, a battery system and an electricity utilization device.
Background
BMS is currently widely used in the battery field, wherein balanced management is an important component of BMS. The equalization is divided into active equalization and passive equalization, wherein the active equalization is inapplicable in the energy storage field because the hardware is complex; the passive equalization principle releases the energy of the battery cell in the form of heat through the power resistor so as to achieve the purpose of equalization.
The current passive equalization strategy has a sequencing equalization strategy, wherein the sequencing equalization strategy is to arrange the cell voltages in the battery pack in a descending order, and then sequentially balance the cell voltages from large to small until all cell voltage differences meet the requirements.
And reading the voltages of all the cells in the battery pack in unit time by using a sequencing balancing strategy, sequentially arranging the cell voltages in sequence from large to small by using a descending sequencing method, and discharging the cells with the voltages arranged in front by using a balancing resistor until all the cell voltages are close to a set threshold value.
However, because the whole package of the battery cells is directly ordered, the situation of simultaneous equalization of adjacent battery cells is likely to occur, even continuous adjacent battery cells of multiple strings are simultaneously equalized, so that although the efficiency is high, excessive concentration of adjacent equalization resistance heat is easily caused, potential safety hazards are caused, and in addition, the voltage of the port of the analog front-end chip is easily caused to exceed the limit working range by equalization of adjacent channels, so that the chip is damaged.
The above disclosure of background art is only for aiding in understanding the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, and it does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, nor does it necessarily give technical teaching; the above background should not be used to assess the novelty and creativity of the present application without explicit evidence that the above-mentioned content was disclosed prior to the filing date of the present patent application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a BMS balance control method adopting grouping, which effectively avoids the overheat danger of balance resistors.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a BMS balance control method is suitable for balancing a plurality of battery cells in a battery stack, and comprises the following steps:
dividing the plurality of cells into a plurality of groups, and distributing adjacent cells to different groups;
sequentially balancing the battery cells in each group; or, a plurality of groups are balanced in parallel, and at least 2 cells in an unbalanced state are spaced among the cells in the same time and in different groups;
the step of equalizing the cells within each group includes:
reading the voltages of all the cells in the battery stack, and determining the minimum cell voltage thereinU min ；
Judging whether the current battery cell meets the balance condition or not: if the current cell voltage reaches a preset voltage threshold value and the current cell voltage minus the minimum cell voltageU min And (3) equalizing the current battery cells when the difference value of the battery cells reaches a preset voltage difference threshold value, otherwise, polling whether the next battery cell in the group meets the equalizing condition or not until all the battery cells in the group are polled.
Further, any one or a combination of the foregoing technical solutions, sequentially equalizing the cells in each group in sequence, including:
sequentially carrying out digital numbering on the battery cells according to the sequencing positions in the battery stack, wherein N is a positive integer;
sequentially distributing N electric cores into different groups one by one;
sequentially polling the battery cells in the first group according to the serial number sequence until the last battery cell in the group is polled;
sequentially polling the battery cells in the next group according to the serial number ordering;
and polling the battery cells in the last group in sequence according to the serial number sequence until the battery cells in the last group are finished.
Further, according to any one of the above technical solutions or a combination of a plurality of the technical solutions, the balancing of the cells in each group is performed in a sequence from small to large cell numbers or in a sequence from large to small cell numbers;
and/or after the last cell in one group is polled, delaying for a preset time length, and balancing the cells in the next group.
Further, any one or a combination of the foregoing aspects, a plurality of groups are balanced in parallel, including:
sequentially carrying out digital numbering on the battery cells according to the sequencing positions in the battery stack, wherein N is a positive integer;
sequentially distributing N electric cores into different groups one by one;
before judging whether the current battery cell meets the balance condition, determining the number of the battery cell in the balance state at present;
if the difference between the number of the current cell and the number of the cell in the balanced state is smaller than a preset number difference threshold, delaying for a preset time, or skipping over the current cell and judging whether the difference between the number of the current cell and the number of the cell in the balanced state is smaller than the number difference threshold for the next cell;
and (3) until a chip with the difference value between the numbers of the battery cells in the balanced state reaching the number difference threshold value is polled.
Further, the BMS system is configured to record the numbers of the cells of the last n balanced states;
and judging whether the current battery cell meets the balance condition or not only when each difference value between the number of the current battery cell and the number of the battery cells in the latest n balance states respectively reaches the number difference value threshold value.
Further, any one or a combination of the above-mentioned technical solutions, the plurality of battery cells are divided into three or more groups;
alternatively, the voltage difference threshold and the voltage threshold satisfy: 0.85% XV diff-th ≤V th ≤1%×V diff-th Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,V th as a voltage threshold value,V diff-th is the voltage difference threshold.
Further, any one or more of the above-described technical aspects are carried outAnd (3) combining the cases, if the current cell voltage reaches 3.3V and the minimum cell voltage is subtracted from the current cell voltageU min And the difference value of the current battery cell reaches 30mV, and the current battery cell meets the balance condition.
Further, any one or a combination of the foregoing technical solutions, the cells satisfying the equalization condition are equalized by:
controlling the battery core to be connected with a discharge loop;
and after the preset discharging time is over, the discharging loop is controlled to be disconnected.
Further, in any one or a combination of the foregoing aspects, the discharging circuit is preset, including:
a single-string equalization circuit is arranged in advance for each cell, and comprises a resistor and a power switch which are arranged in series, so that a loop is formed between the resistor and the corresponding cell;
the individual power switches are configured to be turned on or off under control of the BMS system, respectively.
Further, the manner of balancing the cells according to any one or a combination of the foregoing technical solutions is as follows:
after each cell in a group is polled, the cells meeting the balance condition synchronously switch on the discharge loop.
Further, the manner of balancing the cells according to any one or a combination of the foregoing technical solutions is as follows:
if one cell is polled to meet the balance condition, the discharge loop where the cell is located is immediately controlled to be connected, and other cells are polled to meet the balance condition.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a battery system including a battery management system and a plurality of sequentially stacked battery cells, wherein the battery management system equalizes the battery cells using the BMS equalization control method as described above.
Further, any one or a combination of the foregoing aspects, each cell is configured with a single-string equalization circuit, including: connecting each cell in series with a resistor and a power switch to form a loop;
the power switches corresponding to the respective battery cells are configured to be turned on or off under the control of the BMS system, respectively.
Further, any one or a combination of the foregoing aspects, the power switch adopts a MOS transistor.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided an electrical device, characterised by comprising a battery system as described above.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: the heat accumulation of balancing resistance and the excessive risk of analog front end chip port voltage caused by continuous adjacent balancing are effectively avoided, specifically, the battery cells are grouped, two limiting conditions are added to balancing, the overheat risk of the balancing resistance in the traditional method is effectively avoided, meanwhile, the phenomenon of excessive discharge of the battery cells caused by infinite balancing is prevented, and the safety and reliability of the BMS system are greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an equalization circuit provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of sequentially equalizing groups of cells provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a multiple group parallel equalization provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a logic diagram for implementing sequential equalization of cells into three groups according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, apparatus, article, or device that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or device.
In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a BMS balancing control method adapted to balance a plurality of cells in a battery stack, including the steps of:
dividing the plurality of cells into a plurality of groups, and distributing adjacent cells to different groups;
sequentially balancing the battery cells in each group; or, a plurality of groups are balanced in parallel, and at least 2 cells in an unbalanced state are spaced among the cells in the same time and in different groups;
the step of equalizing the cells within each group includes:
reading the voltages of all the cells in the battery stack, and determining the minimum cell voltage thereinU min ；
Judging whether the current battery cell meets the balance condition or not: if it is presentThe cell voltage reaches a preset voltage threshold and the minimum cell voltage is subtracted from the current cell voltageU min And (3) equalizing the current battery cells when the difference value of the battery cells reaches a preset voltage difference threshold value, otherwise, polling whether the next battery cell in the group meets the equalizing condition or not until all the battery cells in the group are polled.
The following is a detailed description of embodiments for sequentially balancing the cells in each group and sequentially balancing the groups in parallel:
example 1
The cells within each group are sequentially equalized, i.e., at most only one or more cells within a group are being equalized at the same time.
As shown in fig. 2, the cells are first numbered 1 to N in sequence according to the ordering position in the stack, where N is a positive integer;
sequentially distributing N electric cores into different groups one by one; taking three groups as an example, an alternative allocation manner is to allocate a cell with a number of 1 to a first group, a cell with a number of 2 to a second group, and a cell with a number of 3 to a third group; the battery cells with the serial numbers of 4 are allocated to the first group, the battery cells with the serial numbers of 5 are allocated to the second group, and the battery cells with the serial numbers of 6 are allocated to the third group, so that the battery cells reciprocate.
The battery cells in the first group are polled sequentially according to the sequence of the numbers, for example, the order of the battery cell numbers from small to large (serial numbers 1, 4, 7 and … …) is adopted until the last battery cell in the group is polled;
the battery cells in the next group are sequentially polled according to the sequence of the numbers, namely the battery cells in the second group are sequentially polled according to the sequence of the numbers, for example, the order of the battery cell numbers from small to large (sequence numbers 2, 5, 8 and … …) is adopted;
and (3) sequentially polling the battery cells in the last group according to the serial number sequence until the battery cells in the last group are finished, namely sequentially polling the battery cells in the third group according to the serial number sequence, for example, adopting the sequence of the battery cell serial numbers from small to large (serial numbers 3, 6, 9 and … …).
Obviously, other ordering manners of the cell numbers can be adopted, such as the order of the cell numbers from the large to the small.
In one embodiment, after the last cell in the first group is polled, a preset time period (100 ms as shown in fig. 2) is delayed, and then the cells in the second group are equalized; after the last cell in the second group is polled, delaying for a preset time length, and balancing the cells in the third group; after the last cell in the third group is polled, delaying for a preset time length, and balancing the cells in the first group; and sequentially reciprocate.
The specific equalization mode is as follows:
a single-string equalization circuit is arranged in advance for each cell, as shown in fig. 1, and comprises a resistor and a power switch which are arranged in series, so that a loop is formed between the resistor and the corresponding cell; that is, in fig. 1, cell1, R1, and Q1 form a single-string equalization circuit, cell2, R2, and Q2 form another single-string equalization circuit, celln, rn, qn form another single-string equalization circuit, and each power switch is configured to be turned on or off under the control of the BMS system, and the power switch may be a MOS transistor device.
One embodiment is shown in fig. 2, after the cells in the ith group are polled, the cells satisfying the equalization condition are equalized synchronously, that is, after each group of cells are polled, the power switches in the single-string equalization circuits corresponding to the cells satisfying the equalization condition are controlled to be turned on simultaneously, and after a preset time period (for example, 1 s) is passed, the power switches are controlled to be turned off, so that the equalization of the group of cells is completed. The multiple groups of battery cells can be circularly and sequentially subjected to equalization control in the battery charging process.
Example two
In contrast to the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 in this embodiment, when the current cell is judged to satisfy the equalization condition, it is immediately equalized, that is, the power switch in the single-string equalization circuit where it is located is controlled to be turned on, the time of each equalization can be controlled to be 1s, and then the power switch is controlled to be turned off.
As shown in fig. 4, the offset value may be updated simultaneously to locate the number of the next polled cell in the group within 1s of controlling the equalization state to determine whether the next polled cell meets the equalization condition, without waiting for the equalization determination of the next cell after the equalization of 1s is completed.
Example III
Unlike the first and second embodiments, the present embodiment performs a plurality of group parallel equalization, as shown in fig. 3, that is, allows more than two intra-group cells to be equalized at the same time. However, at least 2 cells in an unbalanced state are required to be spaced among the cells in the different groups, and the implementation scheme is as follows:
sequentially carrying out digital numbering on the battery cells according to the sequencing positions in the battery stack, wherein N is a positive integer; the N cells are sequentially allocated to different i groups one by one (the same embodiment is not described again).
Before judging whether the current battery cell meets the balance condition, determining the number of the battery cell in the balance state at present;
whether the battery cells are in an equilibrium state or not in the adjacent range is confirmed through the number of the battery cells, and if not, the current battery cells can be balanced; if so, the current battery cell cannot be balanced until a chip with the difference value between the serial numbers of the battery cells in an balanced state reaching the serial number difference threshold value is polled.
For example, the number difference threshold is set to 3, if the cells with the number 23 are polled in the second group, the numbers of the adjacent cells with the difference smaller than the number difference threshold are 21-22 and 24-25, whether the cells with the numbers are in an balanced state is confirmed, if not, the cells with the number 23 are balanced, otherwise, any one of the following measures can be adopted:
delaying for a preset time such as 200ms, and then judging whether the battery cells with the numbers of 21-22 and 24-25 are in an equilibrium state or not again; if the cells with the numbers of 21-22 and 24-25 are still in the balanced state after one time delay or the preset times, skipping the current cell, and judging whether the difference value between the number of the cell and the number of the cell in the balanced state is smaller than the number difference threshold value for the next cell;
another way is to skip the current cell directly without delay and judge whether the difference between the number of the cell and the number of the cell in equilibrium is less than the number difference threshold for the cell in the next polling order.
Example IV
The implementation scheme of the present embodiment based on the third embodiment is as follows, except that the current balanced cell is avoided as in the third embodiment, and the cell that has just completed balancing is avoided: the BMS system is configured to record the numbers of the most recent n (e.g., 10) battery cells in equilibrium;
only when each difference value between the serial number of the current battery cell and the serial numbers of the battery cells in the latest n equilibrium states respectively reaches the serial number difference value threshold value, judging whether the current battery cell meets the equilibrium condition or not, namely calculating the battery cell voltage minus the minimum battery cell voltageU min If the difference is greater than the preset voltage difference thresholdV diff-th (e.g. 26mV, 30mV, 45 mV) or the cell voltage is greater than the preset voltage thresholdV th (e.g., 3.1V, 3.3V, or 4.5V may be set), the equalization condition is satisfied. The above voltage difference thresholdV diff-th And a voltage thresholdV th For example, the set value may also be a value satisfying the following relation: 0.85% XV diff-th ≤V th ≤1%×V diff-th 。
The fourth embodiment further effectively avoids heat accumulation of the balancing resistor, and further improves safety and reliability of the BMS system.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the application and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the application and are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the application.
Claims (15)
1. A BMS balancing control method suitable for balancing a plurality of battery cells in a battery stack, comprising the steps of:
dividing the plurality of cells into a plurality of groups, and distributing adjacent cells to different groups;
sequentially balancing the battery cells in each group; or, a plurality of groups are balanced in parallel, and at least 2 cells in an unbalanced state are spaced among the cells in the same time and in different groups;
the step of equalizing the cells within each group includes:
reading the voltages of all the cells in the battery stack, and determining the minimum cell voltage thereinU min ；
Judging whether the current battery cell meets the balance condition or not: if the current cell voltage reaches a preset voltage threshold value and the current cell voltage minus the minimum cell voltageU min And (3) equalizing the current battery cells when the difference value of the battery cells reaches a preset voltage difference threshold value, otherwise, polling whether the next battery cell in the group meets the equalizing condition or not until all the battery cells in the group are polled.
2. The BMS balancing control method according to claim 1, wherein sequentially balancing the cells in each group comprises:
sequentially carrying out digital numbering on the battery cells according to the sequencing positions in the battery stack, wherein N is a positive integer;
sequentially distributing N electric cores into different groups one by one;
sequentially polling the battery cells in the first group according to the serial number sequence until the last battery cell in the group is polled;
sequentially polling the battery cells in the next group according to the serial number ordering;
and polling the battery cells in the last group in sequence according to the serial number sequence until the battery cells in the last group are finished.
3. The BMS balancing control method according to claim 2, wherein the balancing of the cells in each group is performed in a sequence of from small to large cell numbers or in a sequence of from large to small cell numbers;
after the last cell in one group is polled, delaying for a preset time length, and then balancing the cells in the next group.
4. The BMS balancing control method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of groups are balanced in parallel, comprising:
sequentially carrying out digital numbering on the battery cells according to the sequencing positions in the battery stack, wherein N is a positive integer;
sequentially distributing N electric cores into different groups one by one;
before judging whether the current battery cell meets the balance condition, determining the number of the battery cell in the balance state at present;
if the difference between the number of the current cell and the number of the cell in the balanced state is smaller than a preset number difference threshold, delaying for a preset time, or skipping over the current cell and judging whether the difference between the number of the current cell and the number of the cell in the balanced state is smaller than the number difference threshold for the next cell;
and (3) until a chip with the difference value between the numbers of the battery cells in the balanced state reaching the number difference threshold value is polled.
5. The BMS balance control method according to claim 4, wherein the BMS system is configured to record the numbers of the cells of the most recent n balance states;
and judging whether the current battery cell meets the balance condition or not only when each difference value between the number of the current battery cell and the number of the battery cells in the latest n balance states respectively reaches the number difference value threshold value.
6. The BMS balance control method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells are divided into three or more groups;
alternatively, the voltage difference threshold and the voltage threshold satisfy: 0.85% XV diff-th ≤V th ≤1%×V diff-th Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,V th as a voltage threshold value,V diff-th is the voltage difference threshold.
7. The BMS balancing control method according to claim 6, wherein if the current cell voltage reaches 3.3V and the current cell voltage minus the minimum cell voltageU min And the difference value of the current battery cell reaches 30mV, and the current battery cell meets the balance condition.
8. The BMS balancing control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cells satisfying the balancing condition are balanced by:
controlling the battery core to be connected with a discharge loop;
and after the preset discharging time is over, the discharging loop is controlled to be disconnected.
9. The BMS balance control method according to claim 8, wherein the discharging circuit is preset, comprising:
a single-string equalization circuit is arranged in advance for each cell, and comprises a resistor and a power switch which are arranged in series, so that a loop is formed between the resistor and the corresponding cell;
the individual power switches are configured to be turned on or off under control of the BMS system, respectively.
10. The BMS balancing control method according to claim 8, wherein the balancing of the battery cells is performed as follows:
after each cell in a group is polled, the cells meeting the balance condition synchronously switch on the discharge loop.
11. The BMS balancing control method according to claim 8, wherein the balancing of the battery cells is performed as follows:
if one cell is polled to meet the balance condition, the discharge loop where the cell is located is immediately controlled to be connected, and other cells are polled to meet the balance condition.
12. A battery system comprising a battery management system and a plurality of cells stacked in sequence, wherein the battery management system equalizes the cells using the BMS equalization control method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. The battery system of claim 12, wherein each cell is configured with a single string equalization circuit comprising: connecting each cell in series with a resistor and a power switch to form a loop;
the power switches corresponding to the respective battery cells are configured to be turned on or off under the control of the BMS system, respectively.
14. The battery system of claim 13, wherein the power switch employs a MOS transistor.
15. An electrical device comprising a battery system as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 14.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006002414A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-14 | Yazaki Corp. | Method and device for equalizing secondary cells |
| CN105226768A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-06 | 广州极飞电子科技有限公司 | A kind of equalization methods of intelligent battery and intelligent battery |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006002414A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-14 | Yazaki Corp. | Method and device for equalizing secondary cells |
| CN105226768A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-06 | 广州极飞电子科技有限公司 | A kind of equalization methods of intelligent battery and intelligent battery |
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