CN117578065A - Low-cost 5G M-MIMO base station antenna array - Google Patents
Low-cost 5G M-MIMO base station antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 209
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 209
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array unit, which comprises a metal reflecting floor, a dielectric substrate and microstrip patches which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, wherein the microstrip patches are arranged in a 1X 3 array, a feed network for exciting the microstrip patches is further arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a parasitic metal patch is arranged above each microstrip patch in an overhead manner through at least three metal supporting pieces, so that the metal supporting pieces serve as matching parts for adjusting high-frequency resonance points to expand bandwidth. In the invention, the feed network and the lower microstrip patch are printed on the same layer of substrate, the feed network is not required to be assembled, and the upper parasitic metal patch structure can be assembled with the substrate by adopting an electronic circuit surface assembly technology (SMT), thereby saving labor and being suitable for intelligent automatic production. In addition, the invention also provides several schemes for improving the beam width of the antenna array after the array is assembled so as to better form the beam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a low-cost 5G Massive-MIMO base station antenna array.
Background
With the development of mobile communication, there is an increasing demand for data transmission speed and channel capacity. Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) has been incorporated into the 5G standard. As a key technology, it aims to improve the performance of a communication system by utilizing a large number of antenna elements and network multiplexing to provide services for a plurality of users, thereby achieving higher spectral efficiency. A 5G communication system adapted for massive MIMO applications typically has a 32 or 64 channel composition, corresponding to 96 or 192 antenna elements. Because the energy of a single element is weak, a 1×3 sub-array consisting of three elements exists as a logically single antenna. By adjusting the subarray, electromagnetic waves in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction can be controlled to carry out beam forming.
The existing MIMO base station adopting subarrays of 1 x 3 unit type mainly adopts unit arrays of directly-inserted sheet metal vibrators, and the feeding mode adopts differential feeding, so that besides a basic one-third power distributor, the design of an additional part of differential feeding feeder is also needed, the complexity of design and installation is increased, and the complete production process of non-manual intervention cannot be realized.
In addition, for more accurate 3D beamforming, the MIMO base station improves the received signal strength of the terminal, meanwhile, serves more users in the same frequency, improves the network capacity, and better covers the cells at the far end and the near end, and generally needs a wider beam width, so that the expansion of the beam width is also concerned during the array.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the low-cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array unit is simple and convenient to install and simple in structure, a feeding network and a lower patch of an antenna are printed on the same layer of substrate, the feeding network is not required to be assembled, an upper parasitic patch structure is assembled with the substrate by adopting an electronic circuit surface assembly technology (SMT), labor is saved, and the antenna array unit is suitable for intelligent automatic production. Several schemes are provided to increase the beam width of the antenna array after the array is assembled for better beam forming.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the low-cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array unit provided by the invention comprises a metal reflecting floor, a dielectric substrate and microstrip patches which are arranged in a 1×3 array manner from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is also provided with a feed network for exciting the microstrip patches, and the low-cost 5-MIMO base station antenna array unit is characterized in that: a parasitic metal patch is arranged above each microstrip patch in an overhead manner through at least three metal supporting pieces, the metal supporting pieces are distributed in a regular polygon shape, the distances from the bottom of each metal supporting piece to the center of the corresponding microstrip patch are equal, the upper end of each metal supporting piece is fixed with the parasitic metal patch in a conductive manner, and the lower end of each metal supporting piece is fixed with the microstrip patch in a conductive manner, so that the metal supporting pieces are used as matching parts for adjusting high-frequency resonance points to expand bandwidth; the metal support piece is a metal support piece, the metal support piece and the parasitic metal patch are an integral piece made of the same material, an included angle is formed between the metal support piece and the parasitic metal patch through bending, and the lower end of the metal support piece is welded and fixed with the microstrip patch.
Further, the high-frequency resonance point is adjusted through the height of the metal support and the distance from the bottom of the metal support to the center of the microstrip patch. The specific parameters can be obtained by a parameter scanning method, and in general, the lower end of the metal support is preferably fixed at a position with stronger current of the microstrip patch.
Further, the metal support piece is formed by cutting, punching or bending after painting or is formed by punching, bending and one-step forming inside the parasitic metal patch.
Further, two adjacent corners of the microstrip patch are provided with feed microstrip ports, and a feed network is connected with the feed microstrip ports through 50 omega input feed lines; the center of the microstrip patch is provided with a hole for increasing a current path to adjust the impedance matching of the antenna, the hole is symmetrical along two polarization directions of the antenna, the bottom of the metal support piece is arranged around the hole, the hole is round or regular polygon, and when the hole is regular polygon, a connecting line between an antenna feed port and the center of the microstrip patch is perpendicular to one edge of the regular polygon, which is close to the antenna feed port; the parasitic metal patch forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the microstrip patch, the parasitic metal patch is cut off at four angles, and a vertical rectangular metal baffle is arranged at the corner cut.
In addition, the invention also claims a low-cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array, which is characterized by comprising: m longitudinally arranged array units according to any one of claims 1-4, and a beam expansion structure is arranged between adjacent array units.
The beam expanding structure may be one of several forms:
1. the beam expanding structure is a metal partition plate which is arranged between adjacent array units and perpendicular to the medium substrate, and the bottom of the metal partition plate is fixed with the metal reflecting floor in a conductive manner. As the optimization of this scheme, blind groove has been seted up to the position that metal baffle corresponds with parasitic metal paster.
2. The beam expansion structure is a vertical grid type metal strip which is arranged between adjacent array units and is perpendicular to the medium substrate, and the grid type metal strip is obtained by etching on a single-sided printed circuit board or a double-sided printed circuit board.
3. The beam expanding structure is a metal column vertically arranged in the XY four directions of the parasitic metal patches, and adjacent parasitic metal patches share the metal column. As the optimization of this scheme, the quantity of every metal post is 2, and the interval between the metal post equals the diameter of metal post, and the bottom of metal post is fixed with the pad welding that sets up at dielectric substrate upper surface.
In the base station antenna array unit, the metal support piece has two functions at the same time: 1. supporting the parasitic metal patch; 2. the microstrip patch is electrically connected with the parasitic metal patch, so that the introduction of a perturbation is equivalent, and the metal support piece serving as a matching component can be used for adjusting the high-frequency resonance point to expand the bandwidth.
The metal support is creatively taken from the parasitic metal patch, and the parasitic metal patch and the metal support can be integrally formed through a sheet metal process (a feasible method is that the metal support for supporting is formed by bending branches cut from the upper parasitic metal patch), so that the antenna oscillator is welded and fixed by adopting an electronic circuit Surface Mount Technology (SMT) in mass production, and is suitable for large-scale intelligent automatic production. For the reasons, the method avoids the step of manually screwing and fixing the parasitic structure in the traditional antenna installation process, improves the production efficiency and the product quality, is particularly suitable for the 5G M-MIMO base station, and can greatly reduce the manufacturing and installation cost.
In the base station antenna array unit, compared with the patch antenna with the traditional laminated structure, the performance of the upper parasitic patch is hardly affected, four corners of the upper parasitic patch are cut off on the basis, and the vertical rectangular metal baffle is added, so that the beam width of the antenna can be expanded, and the plane area of the unit is reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of miniaturization. The miniaturization can reduce the coupling between adjacent vibrators and improve the isolation under the condition that the antenna vibrators are applied to the array fixed array distance.
The invention adopts the miniaturized low-cost antenna element with simple structure, and the characteristics of broadband, low cross polarization and wide beam width are further improved after array elements (feed network and beam expansion structure) are added. The small size of the antenna element brings lower unit mutual coupling, and the array of the invention has better performance under the condition of relatively fixed array spacing of the MIMO antenna. The form of the feed network is not limited by the proposed direct one-to-three power divider, and the feed network with 50 Ω impedance at the input end of the antenna and matching can be used. The beam expanding structure can effectively expand the beam width of the antenna, and the installation mode is considered in design, so that the antenna has stronger engineering applicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a parasitic metal patch of an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip patch of an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a side view of an antenna element and related dimensions of an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a top view and associated dimensions of a parasitic metal patch of an embodiment of a base station antenna array element of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a top view of a microstrip patch and related dimensions of an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a microstrip patch current diagram (four metal supporting sheets) of an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a microstrip patch current diagram employing a three metal support sheet scheme.
Fig. 11 shows a distance l between a metal supporting plate and a center of a microstrip patch in an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit according to the present invention m Influence of length on resonant mode.
Fig. 12 shows simulation and test |s for an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit according to the present invention 11 |and |S 21 Graph of.
Fig. 13 is a diagram of half-power beamwidth and gain within the operating bandwidth of an embodiment of a base station antenna array unit of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a base station antenna array embodiment 1.
Fig. 15 is a perspective view of a base station antenna array embodiment 2.
Fig. 16 is a half power beamwidth diagram of the beam downtilt planes of the base station antenna arrays of embodiments 1 and 2.
Fig. 17 is a perspective view of a base station antenna array embodiment 3.
Fig. 18 is a half power beamwidth diagram of the beam downtilt plane of the base station antenna array of example 3.
Fig. 19 is a perspective view of a base station antenna array embodiment 4.
Fig. 20 is a half power beamwidth diagram of the beam downtilt plane of the base station antenna array of example 4.
The reference numerals are shown below: 1-parasitic metal patches; 101-metal vertical baffles; 111-supporting a metal sheet; 2-microstrip patches; 201-hole; 3-feeding microstrip ports; 4-a dielectric substrate; 5-metal reflective floor; 6-metal wall; 601-rectangular cutting; 701-a printed circuit board; 702-grid-shaped metal strips; 801-a metal column; an 802-pad; 9-a one-to-three power distribution network; 901-a power division network input port 1; 902-power division network input port 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained in the following detailed description with reference to the drawings so that those skilled in the art can more fully understand the invention and can practice it, but the invention is explained below by way of example only and not by way of limitation.
Base station antenna array unit embodiment
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the low-cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array unit according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a metal reflective floor 5, a dielectric substrate 4, and microstrip patches 2 arranged in a 1×3 array, which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, a feeding network 9 for exciting the microstrip patches 2 is further provided on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 4, a parasitic metal patch 1 is overhead disposed above each microstrip patch 2 through four supporting metal sheets 111, the metal supporting sheets 111 are arranged in a regular polygon, and the distances from the bottom of each supporting metal sheet 111 to the center of the corresponding microstrip patch 2 are equal. The upper end of the supporting metal sheet 111 is fixed with the parasitic metal patch 1 in a conductive manner, and the lower end of the metal supporting sheet 111 is fixed with the microstrip patch 2 in a conductive manner, so that the metal supporting sheet 111 serves as a matching component to adjust a high-frequency resonance point so as to expand the bandwidth. The feed network 9 is a direct one-to-three power distribution network arranged in mirror symmetry, a third-order impedance step line is arranged for good impedance matching, and a phase delay is added to set a preset 7-degree downtilt angle for the antenna subarray, and the input end is a 50Ω microstrip line.
In this embodiment, the array pitch (vertical pitch) of the 1×3 sub-arrays is 0.64 free space wavelengths at 3.5 GHz. The dielectric substrate has a dielectric constant of 3.0 and a thickness of 0.762mm, and the metal reflective floor is obtained by coating copper on the back surface of the dielectric substrate and has a thickness of 0.035mm. The feed network 9 and the microstrip patch 2 are printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate, and the thicknesses of the feed network 9 and the microstrip patch 2 are 0.035mm. The parasitic metal patch 1 is 0.3mm thick and has a height difference of 5.7mm from the microstrip patch 2. The parasitic metal patch 1 forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the microstrip patch 2, the parasitic metal patch 1 is cut off at four corners, and a vertical rectangular metal baffle 101 is arranged at the corner cut. The design can expand the beam width of the antenna and reduce the plane area of the unit at the same time so as to achieve the purpose of miniaturization. Adjacent corners of the microstrip patch 2 are provided with feed microstrip ports 3 for connection to an input feed line. The excitation is achieved by tilting the two microstrip lines at 45 ° inputs from two adjacent corners of the microstrip patch. As shown in fig. 2 and 5, a hole 201 is formed in the center of the microstrip patch 2, the hole 201 is symmetrical along two polarization directions of the antenna, and the bottom of the metal support 111 is disposed around the hole 201. The aperture 201 is used to increase the current path to adjust the antenna impedance matching so that the antenna has good performance in the target frequency range. The hole 201 may be circular or regular polygonal. Experiments show that when the hole 201 is a regular polygon, the connection line between the antenna feed port and the center of the microstrip patch 2 is perpendicular to one side of the regular polygon, which is close to the antenna feed port, so that a better current breaking effect can be achieved. In this embodiment, the hole 201 is square, and the square forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the microstrip patch. The microstrip patch current plot is shown in fig. 9.
In order to facilitate industrial mass production, the metal supporting sheet 111 and the parasitic metal patch 1 in this embodiment are made of the same material (metal copper) and are formed into an included angle by bending. Specifically, the metal supporting sheet is formed by cutting, punching or bending after painting in the parasitic metal patch 1, or is formed by punching, bending and one-step forming, namely, is integrally formed by adopting a sheet metal process. Therefore, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the steps of fixing the PCB additionally arranged in the traditional scheme and manually screwing are saved. The lower end of the metal supporting sheet formed by bending is welded and fixed with the microstrip patch, and the metal supporting sheet can be connected by adopting SMT in actual production, so that the production efficiency is high and the manufacturability is good. According to the invention, the metal supporting sheet is obtained through a sheet metal process, and meanwhile, corresponding grooves are formed on the surface of the parasitic metal patch 1, and experiments show that the grooves and the branches hardly affect the antenna performance, so that the parasitic metal patch is negligible. Although in the present embodiment, the four grooves and the four metal supporting sheets are symmetrically distributed and are disposed along the polarization direction or at an angle of 45 ° to the polarization direction. However, it has been found through testing that the technical effects of the present invention can be obtained even if not arranged in such a form.
The invention also simulates the antenna element of the three metal supporting sheet scheme (the antenna element and the feed network form an antenna array unit in the embodiment), and the same technical effect can be obtained only by adjusting the position of the metal supporting sheet (the adjustment of the high-frequency resonance point is realized while the parasitic metal patch is effectively supported). The microstrip patch current diagram of the three metal support sheet scheme is shown in fig. 10. In addition, the invention also carries out the test of a plurality of metal supporting sheet schemes, such as 5 metal supporting sheet schemes, 6 metal supporting sheet schemes and the like, and all obtain the same technical effect. The inventor believes that the solution of the present invention can be implemented by arranging at least three metal support plates in an overhead manner with a parasitic metal patch, and that the metal support members 11 need to be arranged in a regular polygon, and that the distances from the bottom of each metal support member to the center of the microstrip patch 2 are equal (equal spacing between adjacent metal support members needs to be ensured), so that the matching performance in the two polarization directions of the embodiment is ensured to be consistent. Experiments show that the placement angle of the regular polygon is irrelevant to the polarization direction, and the angle can be set arbitrarily or can be designed according to practical conditions by combining with the holes 201. It can be seen that, although this example only exemplifies four metal supporting sheets and corresponding arrangement schemes, it is obviously not the only possible implementation scheme, and as long as it is satisfied that at least three metal supporting sheets are used to set up one parasitic metal patch overhead, and the metal supporting pieces are arranged in a regular polygon form, the distances from the bottom of each metal supporting piece to the center of the microstrip patch 2 are equal, so that the technical effect of the present invention can be obtained.
The parameters of the low-cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array unit in the embodiment of the invention are shown in the following table 1
TABLE 1
| Parameters (parameters) | h 1 | h 2 | t 1 | t 2 | l y | l m | w z | l z |
| Value (mm) | 5.7 | 4.3 | 0.762 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 5 | 2 | l y +h 1 |
| Parameters (parameters) | l 1 | l 2 | l p | l c | l f | w f | dx | dy |
| Value (mm) | 10.5 | 15 | 22.9 | 5.3 | 2 | 1.8 | 44 | 55 |
In Table 1, h 1 H is the distance from the upper layer of the parasitic metal patch 1 to the dielectric substrate 4 2 To parasitic the length of the metal vertical barrier 101 on the metal patch 1, t 1 For the thickness of the dielectric substrate 4, t 2 For the thickness l of the parasitic metal patch 1 y Is the length of the part where the metal supporting sheet 111 is connected with the microstrip patch m Is the distance l between the metal supporting sheet 111 and the center of the microstrip patch 2 1 For the length of the short side of the parasitic metal patch 1, l 2 For parasitic metal patch 1 long side length, l p Is the side length of the microstrip patch 2, l c Is the side length of the diamond-shaped slot 201 on the microstrip patch 2, l f Length of the oblique feeding portion w of the feeding microstrip port 3 f Width of 50 ohm impedance line, w, for feeding microstrip port 3 z For the width of the slot on the parasitic metal patch 1, l z For the length of the slot on the parasitic metal patch 1, dx is the horizontal spacing of the subarray array, and dy is the vertical spacing of the subarray array.
Fig. 11 shows the distance l between the metal supporting sheet 111 and the center of the microstrip patch 2 m The effect of length on resonant mode, the result shows that when l m When the value of (c) is increased,the resonance point of the high frequency moves toward the high frequency. Therefore, the high-frequency resonance point of the antenna element of the embodiment can be adjusted through the height of the metal support and the distance from the bottom of the metal support to the center of the microstrip patch. Reasonable setting of m The value of (2) can expand the working bandwidth of the antenna element, and the specific parameters can be obtained by a parameter scanning method.
Simulation and actual measurement of low-cost 5G M-MIMO base station antenna array unit of this embodiment 11 |and |S 2 The 1| graph is shown in fig. 12. Simulation and actual measurement of |S of the 1×3 subarray of this example 11 |<The 15dB impedance bandwidth is simulated to be 3.3-4.0GHz (fractional bandwidth 19.2%), the actual measurement is 3.28-4.02 GHz (fractional bandwidth 20.3%), the in-band port isolation is better than 17dB, and the application of MIMO (engineering isolation requirement is generally above 15 dB) can be satisfied. The electrical test results for the two ports are consistent so that the radiation performance tests only one port.
Fig. 13 shows half power beamwidth and gain within the operating bandwidth of the low cost 5G M-MIMO base station antenna array unit of this embodiment. As can be seen from the graph, the simulation gain varies between 11.3 and 11.9dBi, and the test gain varies between 10.9 and 11.5 dBi; the Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW) tested was 74±5°; the subarray has a measurement efficiency of more than 85% in the operating frequency band. The array simulation and test cross polarization (XPD) is better than 24dB, the H plane radiation pattern keeps good symmetry, and the V plane realizes good beam downtilt performance.
The 1×3 array was extended to a 3×3 array, and the subarrays in the middle row were excited to observe the performance. The simulated |s11| < 15dB impedance bandwidth of the excited 1×3 sub-array in the 3×3 array is still 3.3-4.0GHz, the simulated half-power beamwidth is 92±5°.
Base station antenna array example 1
The proposed 1 x 3 base station antenna array unit can be extended in array, applied to MIMO arrays of 48 or 96 or even more antenna units. The present embodiment illustrates the proposed method and structural arrangement of beam expansion in a 3 x 3 simple array with a horizontally extending array pitch (horizontal pitch) of 0.51 free space wavelengths at 3.5 GHz.
As shown in fig. 14, a schematic diagram of an embodiment 1 of a low cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array is shown. The antenna array unit comprises 3 1X 3 base station antenna array units which are longitudinally arranged, and a beam expanding structure is arranged between adjacent array units. The beam expansion mode is that the metal partition plates 6 are arranged between the adjacent array units and perpendicular to the medium substrate, and the bottoms of the metal partition plates 6 and the metal reflection floor can be fixed in a conductive mode. The shape of the metal partition plate is a complete metal plate, the height of the metal partition plate is slightly higher than that of the antenna oscillator by 1mm, and the metal partition plate is fixed by slotting on the dielectric substrate.
When the microstrip metal patch 2 is excited, currents are generated on both the microstrip patch and the parasitic patch, which induce a vertical current on the metal wall through the antenna E-field, thus affecting the directional pattern factor of the antenna, which increases the beam width of the antenna.
Base station antenna array example 2
This embodiment is an improvement over the base station antenna array embodiment 1, specifically, as shown in fig. 15, a blind slot 601 is formed in the position of the metal spacer corresponding to the parasitic metal patch. Specifically, three rectangular grooves are formed in the metal partition plate, the positions of the rectangular grooves correspond to those of the parasitic metal patch 1, the metal partition plate is not cut off by the rectangular grooves, and the width of the metal partition plate is about 2/3 of that of the metal partition plate. The metal partition plates are connected with the metal reflecting floor.
The rectangular slot is used for adjusting current distribution on the metal baffle plate and smoothing beam lifting.
As shown in fig. 16, in the base station antenna array embodiment 1, a copper plate with a thickness of 0.5mm and a height of 7mm is selected for simulation, and the half power beam width is raised to 97±7°. In the base station antenna array embodiment 2, a copper plate with the thickness of 0.5mm and the height of 7mm is selected, and rectangular grooves with the length of 25mm and the width of 8mm are formed on the copper plate for simulation, and the half-power beam width is also increased to 97+/-7 degrees, but the beam width is increased more smoothly.
Base station antenna array example 3
The base station antenna array of this embodiment still illustrates the proposed method and structural arrangement of beam expansion with a 3×3 simple array. As shown in fig. 17, the beam expansion structure is a vertical grating metal bar 702 perpendicular to the dielectric substrate, which is disposed between adjacent array units, and the grating metal bar 702 is obtained by etching on a double-sided printed circuit board 701. Experiments show that the grid-type metal strip is etched on the single-sided printed circuit board, and the technical effect can be obtained. The height of the grating metal strip 702 is slightly higher than the antenna element by 1mm. The width of the grating-shaped metal strip is set to be slightly larger than 0.05 free-space wavelengths at 3.5 GHz. The center-to-center spacing of two adjacent bars is 1.5 bars wide (there is no particularly accurate quantification of the width and spacing of the bars, but this form can expand the beam width). Slots are formed in the underlying dielectric substrate for additional substrate structure mounting. The grid bars are connected with the metal reflecting floor.
The currents generated by the microstrip patch and the parasitic patch induce vertical currents on the grating-shaped metal strip through the E field of the antenna, and influence the directional pattern array factor of the antenna so as to increase the beam width of the antenna.
As shown in fig. 18, in this embodiment, FR4 board with thickness of 0.58mm is selected, 21 metal grid plates with center spacing of 8mm, width of 5mm and height of 7mm are provided, and half power beam width is raised to 98±7°.
Base station antenna array example 4
The base station antenna array of this embodiment still illustrates the proposed method and structural arrangement of beam expansion with a 3×3 simple array. As shown in fig. 19, the beam expansion structure of the present embodiment is a metal column 8 vertically arranged in the four directions of the parasitic metal patches XY, and adjacent parasitic metal patches share the metal column. Specifically, metal columns are added around the units, and the distance between the metal strips in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is just the group spacing, so that the two units can share the metal columns therebetween. The height of the metal posts is slightly higher than the antenna element by 1mm. The number of the metal columns at each setting is set to 2, the number can be expanded, and the effect of expanding the number of the metal columns is better. Pads are arranged on the substrate where the metal posts need to be added for welding. The metal posts are not connected with the metal reflective floor.
The currents generated by the microstrip patch and the parasitic patch induce vertical currents on the metal posts through the antenna E field, affecting the directional array factor of the antenna to increase the beam width of the antenna.
As shown in fig. 18, in this embodiment, a metal column (thin copper wire) with a diameter of 2.2mm and a height of 7mm is selected and arranged on a bonding pad with a size of 4mm×8mm, the centers of the two thin copper wires are 4mm apart, and the half power beam width is raised to 99±7°.
Therefore, the four embodiments can further expand the array beam width after the array is assembled to a certain extent, and in terms of the improvement effect, the embodiment 4 is optimal, the cost is lowest, the implementation is most convenient, and the embodiments 3, 2 and 1 are sequentially performed.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a low-cost 5G M-MIMO basic station antenna array unit, includes metal reflection floor (5), dielectric substrate (4) and microstrip paster (2) that 1 x 3 array was arranged that from bottom to top stacks gradually set up, dielectric substrate (4) upper surface still is provided with feed network (9) that are used for exciting microstrip paster (2), its characterized in that: a parasitic metal patch (1) is arranged above each microstrip patch (2) in an overhead manner through at least three metal supporting pieces (111), the metal supporting pieces (111) are distributed in a regular polygon form, the distances from the bottom of each metal supporting piece to the center of the corresponding microstrip patch (2) are equal, the upper end of each metal supporting piece (111) is fixed with the parasitic metal patch (1) in a conductive manner, and the lower end of each metal supporting piece (111) is fixed with the microstrip patch (2) in a conductive manner, so that the metal supporting pieces (111) are used as matching components for adjusting high-frequency resonance points to expand bandwidth; the metal support piece (111) is a metal support piece, the metal support piece (111) and the parasitic metal patch (1) are made of the same material, an included angle is formed between the metal support piece (111) and the parasitic metal patch (1) through bending, and the lower end of the metal support piece (111) is welded and fixed with the microstrip patch (2).
2. A low cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array unit according to claim 1, wherein: the metal support piece (111) is formed by cutting, stamping or drawing and bending, or is formed by stamping, bending and one-step forming inside the parasitic metal patch (1).
3. A low cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array unit according to claim 1, wherein: the high-frequency resonance point is adjusted through the height of the metal support (111) and the distance from the bottom of the metal support to the center of the microstrip patch (2).
4. A low cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array unit according to claim 1, wherein: the adjacent two corners of the microstrip patch (2) are provided with feed microstrip ports (3), and a feed network (9) is connected with the feed microstrip ports (3) through 50 omega input feed lines; a hole (201) for increasing a current path to adjust antenna impedance matching is formed in the center of the microstrip patch (2), the hole (201) is symmetrical along two polarization directions of an antenna, the bottom of the metal support piece (111) is arranged around the hole (201), the hole (201) is round or regular polygon, and when the hole (201) is regular polygon, a connecting line between an antenna feed port and the center of the microstrip patch (2) is perpendicular to one edge, close to the antenna feed port, of the regular polygon; the parasitic metal patch (1) and the microstrip patch (2) form an included angle of 45 degrees, the parasitic metal patch (1) is cut off at four angles, and a vertical rectangular metal baffle is arranged at the corner cut position.
5. A low cost 5-G M-MIMO base station antenna array comprising: m longitudinally arranged array units according to any one of claims 1-4, and a beam expansion structure is arranged between adjacent array units.
6. The low cost 5G M-MIMO base station antenna array of claim 5, wherein: the beam expansion structure is a metal partition plate (6) which is arranged between adjacent array units and perpendicular to the medium substrate (4), and the bottom of the metal partition plate (6) is fixed with the metal reflection floor (5) in a conductive mode.
7. The low cost 5G M-MIMO base station antenna array of claim 6, wherein: a blind groove (601) is formed in a position, corresponding to the parasitic metal patch (1), of the metal partition plate (6).
8. The low cost 5G M-MIMO base station antenna array of claim 5, characterized in that said beam expanding structure is a vertical grating metal strip (702) perpendicular to the dielectric substrate (4) arranged between adjacent array elements, said grating metal strip (702) being obtained by etching on a single or double sided printed circuit board (701).
9. The low cost 5G M-MIMO base station antenna array of claim 1, wherein: the beam expansion structure is a metal column (8) which is vertically arranged in the XY four directions of the parasitic metal patch (1), and adjacent parasitic metal patches (1) share the metal column.
10. The low cost 5G M-MIMO base station antenna array of claim 1, wherein: the number of the metal columns (8) is 2, the distance between the metal columns is equal to the diameter of the metal columns, and the bottoms of the metal columns are welded and fixed with bonding pads arranged on the upper surface of the medium substrate (4).
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